汉译英教程

Course description

This is a course to give the students a general introduction to the natures of C-E translation, the basic methods or skills of C-E Translation. Many exercises are done in class and outside class so as to train students? ability of translation, hoping that, at the end of the course, the students can have a practical understanding of how to do C-E translation, and achieve the translation level suggested by English Major?s te aching outline, that is, to translate 250-300 words per hour with the translation being faithful, smooth, and readable.

第一讲汉英语言对比

1.The concepts of parataxis & hypotaxis;

2.Parataxis & hypotaxis in English and Chinese;

3.Parataxis & hypotaxis in E-C and C-E translation

The concepts of parataxis & hypotaxis

1、英语重物称，汉语重人称；英语重静态，汉语重动态；英语重被动，汉语重主动；英语重主语，汉语重主题等；

2、英汉语最重要的区别是英语重形parataxis汉语重意合hypotaxis

3、形合（parataxis ）：

The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives; e.g. I shall despair if you don’t come. (用连接词体现分句之间的依附或从属关系的结构，如：我会很失望如果你不来。)

4、意合（hypotaxis ）：

The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them; e.g. The rain fell; the river flooded; the house was washed away.分句之间不靠关联词而依仗次序来体现相互关系，如：下雨了，河水泛滥，冲毁了房屋)

1、“中国语里多用意合法，联结成分并非必须；西文多用形合法，联结成分在大多数情况下是不可缺少的”。--王力

2、英语重形合，意思是指英语语言符号之间有较强的逻辑关系，语言信息的表达依靠符号按一定的语法逻辑关系排列组合，通过各种有形的联结手段来传达一定的意思。

3、英语词汇中就有通过词的形式变化，如派生词、名词复数形式、动词的各种时态形式和人称代词格的形式，来表示意义的变化。在句子结构上，句子的各个成分要由各种连接词（and,but,because,so,etc.）、介词（of, with, in,etc.），关系词（who,when,where,which,that, how,etc.）和状语功能的分词结构（-ed和-ing）等连接起来，句子组织严密，层次紧紧扣接，呈现空间性树形结构。例如：

--What is equally questionable is whether a college degree, as such, is proper evidence that those new skills that are truly needed will be delivered.

4、相比之下，汉语重意合结构比较松散，很少用连接词，多用小句。句子简洁明快，干净利落，句子结构呈流散铺排式。例如：车未停稳，切勿上下。

近闻夫人健康如常，颇感欣慰。

It is a supreme comfort to me when I am informed that you are as healthy as ever. 亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。

It is not too late to mend the fold even after some sheep have been lost

风住了，路上还很静，我走着，一面想，几乎不敢想到我自己。

The wind stopped and the road was still quiet. As I walked along thinking, I hardly dared to think about myself.

Grasp all, lose all. 如果样样都抓，就会一样也抓不到。

1. You have little cause to make excessive demands from others and make yourself disappointed in return.

1、对人太苛求，没有什么道理，自己也容易失望。

2. I weakened, softened by my mother?s ever-lasting love that had never been reciprocated with love. In the end, I decided to enroll in the Chinese Department, following my mother?s wish.

2、我软化了，我被母亲那颗永远充满了爱而又从来缺少爱的心软化了。我终于决定按照母亲的愿望，报考中文系。

3. At the age of twenty, it?s better to be famous before it?s too late, I believed. What would be the spice of life for a person deserted by fame when approaching thirty? After thirty, fame seems still beyond reach, yet being as rich as my boss at forty becomes my new dream.

3、二十岁的时候，我想出名要趁早，一个人到了三十岁还籍籍无名那还活个什么劲儿呀？三十岁之后，名是不指望了，只是希望在四十岁的时候能像我的老板一样有钱。

4. If I had known it, I would not have come here.

4、早知如此，我就不来了。

5. China is a country with 5,000 years of civilization. Therefore, it is important to approach China from a historical and cultural perspective.

5、中国是一个有五千年文明历史的国家，从历史文化来了解和认识中国，是一个重要的视角。

6.This is only my personal view, which might be wrong. Thank you very much!

6、这是我个人的想法，不见得恰当。谢谢！

7. Here, I would like to make some observations on China?s textile export, which I hope will help you understand the present situation better.

Here, I would like to make an account on the export of China?s textile products in the hope that all of you will have a clearer picture on the present situation.

7、这里，我想就中国纺织品出口的问题谈些看法，希望有助于诸位对现状的了解。

8.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the feudal rulers adopted a policy of seclusion, which hampered China?s progress and its exchanges with the outside world.

8、明清两个朝代，封建统治者实行闭关锁国政策，阻碍了中国的进步和中外交流。

9. Because the work was so hard, we were very grateful to him.

9、工作非常不易，我们很感激他。

As the weather was fine, we decided to hold the reception in the open air.

10、天气很好，我们决定举行露天招待会。

Dynamic vs. Stative

English: noun advantage high frequency of noun usage

stative narration

Chinese: verb advantage high frequency of verb usage

dynamic narration

eg. He is a chain-smoker of cigarettes. (stative)

He smokes cigarettes one after another. (dynamic)

There are white clouds in the blue sky. (stative)

White clouds are floating in the blue sky. (dynamic)

夸奖一回，奉承一回，把老太太的心都说活了。（《红楼梦》）

All their praise and flattery are having some effect on the old lady.

当时一个朋友对我说，北京戏最好，你不去见见世面吗？（《社戏》）

A friend told me Beijing had the best opera that seeing it was an experience not to be missed.

这充分说明，中国人独立自主的民族精神具有巨大的力量。

This fully testifies that the independent national spirit of the Chinese people has tremendous strength.

This is a full testimony to the tremendous strength of the independent national spirit of the Chinese people.

扫除了这些障碍，中美关系就可以更好地发展，可以给双方带来更大的经济利益。

If these barriers are cleared away, Sino-US relations can be better developed, and both sides can get more economic benefits from it.

Removal of these obstacles can lead to better development of Sino-US relations and more economic benefits for both sides. 中国幅员辽阔，自然资源丰富，廉价劳动力充裕，税收低，消费者市场不断增长，基础设施不断完善。

China boasts vast territory, abundant natural resources, rich inexpensive labour, low taxation, a growing consumer market and improving infrastructure.

我们不能不看到发展中国家与发达国家之间的经济差距在继续扩大，发展中国家的经济状况也很不平衡。

One cannot but notice the widening economic gap between the developing and developed countries and the general imbalance in the economic situation among the developing countries themselves.

随着本地区经济的蓬勃发展，亚太区域的经贸联系日益密切，经贸合作不断加强。

The booming regional economic development will lead to increasingly closer economic and trade ties as well as ever stronger cooperation in this regard in the Asia Pacific Region

我们希望亚太各国密切合作，共同繁荣。

We hope to see closer cooperation and common prosperity of all countries in Asia-Pacific.

1、每个国家自己才能最好地判断需要用什么来保卫自己的国家安全。把判断和保卫作为名词，这样可以把句子转

化为最好的判断，关于什么的判断，后面用从句来表达较容易。最好的判断为best judge ,属于什么的判断

1. Every state is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national security.

2、工作小组的主席汇报了该组的工作。

2. The Chairman of the Working Group has given a report on the work of the group.

3、我希望我今晚到这里来，可以进一步证明，我们英国重视和你们伟大的国家的关系。

3. I hope my presence here tonight is further proof of the importance we in Britain attach to the relation with your great country.

4、不少人既来做生意，又来观光，从而促进了我国旅游事业的发展和服务质量的提高。

4. Many people came as both businessmen and tourists and their visits help boom our tourism and improve the quality of our service.

5、这些情况反映出许多政府希望利用一系列机会推动地区经济发展。

5.All this reflects the desire of many governments for a range of opportunities to push forward regional economic development.

6、过去几年中，人们对建立以共同市场、关税联盟或自由贸易区为中心的一体化，兴趣大大增加。

6. The past few years have seen an increasing interest in integration arrangements centering on common markets, customs unions or free trade areas.

7、与此同时，我们两国之间的贸易和文化交流也在显著增长。

7.At the same time, there has been a notable expansion of trade and of cultural exchanges between our two countries.

8、我国人民饶有兴趣地观察着贵国人民正在为使中国成为一个现代化的强国而努力。

8. In our country, we follow with interest the efforts of your people to make China a modern and great power.

9、我此次访问的范围很广。这表明我国政府认识到中国正在进行的现代化建设的重要性及其对两国关系可能产生的影响。

9. The extent of my visit symbolizes my Government?s awareness of the importance of the modernization taking place here and the implications of that for our relationship.

10、依靠市场力量和竞争，促进企业进取精神，在追求经济效率的过程中，这些已成为共同特点。

10 .Reliance on market forces and competitiveness and the fostering of entrepreneurial initiative, have become common features of the pursuit of economic efficiency.

11、目前，国际经济关系中的一个重要特点是南北矛盾更加突出，经济差距仍在扩大。大多数发展中国家继续面临着债务负担过重，资金倒流严重和贸易条件恶化等困难。

11.An important characteristics of current international economic relations is the aggravation of North-South contradictions and the widening of their economic gap. The majority of the developing countries remain confronted with such difficulties as crushing debt burden, negative flow of financial resources and worsening terms of trade.

只要用功读书，就能提高成绩。（隐含主语）If one studies hard enough, one will …

游泳非常消耗体力。（主语非名词）Swimming is quite exhausting.

刮风了，下雨了。（零位主语）It is windy and rainy.

1）主语的增补（汉语无主语）

出太阳了！The sun is rising!冷死我啦！I am dead cold.累得我走不动了It exhausted me so much that I couldn?t walk.I was too tired to walk.

知己知彼，百战不殆。

You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself.

2）主语的选择（汉语有多个主语）

近二十年的实践已经充分证明，我们进行改革开放的方向是正确的，信念是坚定的，步骤是稳妥的，方式是渐进的，取得的成就是巨大的。

The practice in the past 20 years has eloquently proved that the direction of our reform and opening-up is right, our

conviction is firm, our steps are steady, our approach is gradual and our achievements are huge.

The practice in the past 20 years has eloquently proved that we are right in direction, firm in conviction, steady in our steps and gradual in our approach when carrying out the reform and opening-up and have achieved tremendous success.

主语的转换（汉语有名词以外成分充当主语）

采用新工艺大大降低了产品的成本。

The adoption of the new process has greatly cut the cost of production.

能吃能睡不一定就健康。

Great eaters and sleepers are not always healthy.

今天讨论的范围涉及时事政治的问题。

Today’s discussion covers issues of current political affairs.

工作的时候心不在焉，经常会带来不必要的损失。

Absent-mindedness in our work will often lead to unwanted losses.

各民族之间建立了平等、团结、互助的新型关系。

We have established a new type of relationship characterized by equality, solidarity and mutual assistance between different ethnic groups.

A new type of relationship of equality, solidarity and mutual assistance between different ethnic groups has been established. 中国历史上产生了许多杰出的哲学家、思想家、政治家、军事家、科学家和文学艺术家。

China produced in its history many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scientists, writers and artists. Many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scientists, writers and artists were produced/emerged in China?s history.

The Chinese history has witnessed the emergence of many eminent philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scientists, writers and artists.

如果仅以此作为一个标准，来说中国就是一个发达国家，我觉得这种说法是不公平的。

But if you consider this the only standard and say China is a developed country, I think this is unfair.

But I think it is unfair to use this as the single standard to conclude that China is a developed country.

中美两国贸易中时常出现摩擦和纠纷，此起彼伏、接连不断，在摩擦中前进。

Frictions and disputes frequently come forth in Sino-US trade, but progress is made in frictions.

There are frequent frictions and disputes in Sino-US trade, but progress is made in frictions.

要和平、不要对抗；要合作，不要强权；要发展，不要贫困；是当今世界发展的主流，是世人的共同呼声。

We want peace instead of confrontation. We want cooperation instead of power politics. We want development instead of poverty. This is the main trend of the time and the common aspiration of the world people.

We the people of the world want peace, not confrontation; cooperation, not power politics; development, not poverty. This represents the main trend of the times and our common aspiration.

Peace rather than confrontation, cooperation rather than power politics, development rather than poverty constitute the mainstream of the world development and represent the common aspiration of the world people

过去，只讲在社会主义条件下发展生产力，没有讲可持续地发展生产力，不完全。

In the past, we only stressed the development of our productivity under socialism,without even mentioning the need to achieve sustainable

（1）你必须好好地照顾病人。You must take good care of the patient.

（2）他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。

In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products.

3）绝对不许违反这个原则No violation of this principle can be tolerated.

汉语中一些表示知觉、情感等心理状态的动词，往往可以转换成英语形容词，通常以“be+形容词…”结构来表达。1）获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。

We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by the earthquake.

（2）我为她的健康担忧。

I am anxious about her health.

(3) 他们怀疑他是否负担得起

They are doubtful whether he can afford it.

(4)他可晓得他儿子的行为表现吗？

Is he aware how his son has been behaving?

（5）我们绝不满足于现有的成就。

We are not content with our present achievements.

汉译英时，汉语的一些动词常常可用英语的介词词组来翻译。

（1）“那么怎么办呢？孩子们都上一个学校。”

“well, what is to be done?The children are in the same school”

(2) 我们对待世界大战这个问题的态度是，第一，反对；第二，不怕。Our attitede on the question of world war is, first, we are against it; second, we are not afaid of it.

(3) 这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。

What are these people after?They are after fame and position and want to be in the limelight.

(4) 我们全体赞成他的建议。

We were all in favour of his suggestion.

(5) 他们不顾一切困难，挫折，坚持战斗。

They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks.

汉语的一些形容词或副词转译成英语的名词。

(1) 他用热情的款待把他的窘态遮盖过去。

He covered up his embarrassment with the enthusiasm of hospitality.

2) 街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。

Everything was grudually disappearing into a pall of grey.

(3) 经过学校门口，也改换了名称和模样，于我很生疏。

When I passed the gate of the school, that too had changed its name and appearance,making me feel like a stranger.

(4) 空气是这样的清香，使人胸脯里感到分外凉爽、舒畅。

The air was fresh and fragrant;it gaved people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort

(5) 在全国文明礼貌月中，所有城市必须搞好卫生，清除混乱和不礼貌现象。

During the National Civic Virtues Month, all the cities must clean up, and banish disarray and discourtesy.

汉语的名词转换成英语的动词。

（1）他的演讲给听众的印象很深。

His speech impressed the audience deeply.

(2) 大部分学生对老师态度很尊敬。

Most students behaved respectfully towards their teacher.

（3）该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。

The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.

(4) 她在最后一幕里占了很突出的地位。She figured prominently in the last act.

1、中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大反响。

China?s successful explosion of its first atomic bomb caused tremendous repercussions throughout the world.

2、思想交流是十分必要的。

Exchange of ideas is a vital necessity.

语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。

The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.

3、他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不会打仗。

They do not know a thing about factory work, nor about farm work, nor about military affairs.

4、学医很艰苦，成为一名医生需要很长的时间。

The study of medicine is very hard, and it takes a long time to become a doctor.

5、地球的形状像一个大球。The earth is shaped like a big ball.

1.我们觉得解决这个问题并不难。

We felt no difficulty in solving this problem.

6、林则徐认为，要成功地禁止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片焚毁了。

Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the opium trade must be precrded by the destruction of the drug itself.

一、定语位置的变换

（1）英国是第一个承认人民中国的西方大国。

Britain was the first Western power to recognize People?s China.

(2) 去年皖北小麦的平均产量超过了历史上最高水平。

The average yield of wheat last year in northern Anhui topped the highest level in history.

1. 单词定语所修饰的名词是由some,any,every,no等构成的复合代词时，定语可后置。

(1) 他想找一个可靠的人帮助工作。

He wanted to get someone reliable to help in this work.

(2) 咱们到一个安静的地方去。

Let?s go somewhere quiet.

(3)这是稀世珍品。

It is something rare in the world.

2. 通常作表语用的形容词，作定语时必须后置。

(1) 他是当今最伟大的诗人。

He is the greatest poet alive.

(2) 到场的来宾中有一些外国记者。

The guests present included a few foreign newsmen.

(3) 仅这个委员会就有三名女委员。

On this committee alone there are three women.

3. 在某些固定词组中，单个形容词作定语时，习惯上放在所修饰词的后面。

(1) 军事法庭Court Martial

(2) (联合国)秘书长Secretary General (of the UN)

（3）当选（尚未就职的）总统The president elect.

（1）他整天都工作。He works all day long.

(2) 他们因为下雨取消了那次郊游。

They cancelled the outing because of the rain.

英语与汉语相反，通常把时间状语放在地点状语之后。

（1）我们得早点到达那里。We have to be there early.

(2) 会议将于明天下午在教室举行。

The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow afternoon.

英语则一般是：方式、地点、时间。

（1）他每天早晨在室外高声朗读。

He reads aloud in the open every morning.

（1）全班同学在班长的带领下，团结一致地进行着晚会的排练。

Led by the monitor, the whole class, united as one, are engaged in the rehearsal for the party.

(1）救死扶伤，实行革命的人道主义。

Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practise revolutionary anitarianism.

（2）它有一部分人不属于这个集团，而且被这个集团所打击、排斥或轻视。

Some people do not belong to this group by which they are even ighted, pushed aside or attacked.

(3) 无地或少地农民

Those peasants who have little or no land.

1.他们最近的成就表明他们所取得的进步。

Their recent achievements showed the great progress made.

2.你最好还是询问那些消息灵通人士。You had better ask those better informed.

3.这是唯一可能的解决办法。It is the only solution possible.

4.我们必须清楚了解所有牵涉到的问题。

We must have a clear idea of all the problems involved.

5、这个会是昨晚大约7点钟在203号房间开的。

The meeting was held in Room 203 at about seven yesterday evening

6、他穿过马路时，左顾右盼，害怕撞到过路的车上。

While crossing the street, he looked right and left.

7、该国政府违反了国际惯例。

The government of the country has violated the accepted internatioanl practice.

8、这是再好没有的东西。It is the best thing imaginable.

9、他是当时唯一醒着的人。He was the only person awake at the moment.

10不论晴雨，我们明天非去不可。Rain or snow, we?ll have to go tomorrow.

Session six 1、语态的变换2、正说与反说

（1）这儿讲的是英语。English is spoken here.

（2）他遭到了邻居们的嘲笑。He was laughed at by his neighbour.

（3）希望你有机会来中国访问。It is hoped that you will have a chance to visit China.

英语中被动语态的各种用法都有一定的理由，归纳起来有4个：

1）着重被动的动作；2）突出动作承受者的重要性；

3）不知道或无须说出动作的执行者；4）便利上下文的连贯、衔接。（1）他被选为学生会主席He was elected Chairman of the Student?s Union.

(2) 窗上的玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他一定要挨骂的。

The window pane was broken by the child;he will certainly be scolded.

（1）办公大楼为松树所环绕

The office building is surrounded by pine trees.

(2) 他的一位朋友被匪徒所杀害。

One of his friends was killed by bandits.

（1）这个问题必须在适当的时候以适当的方式予以处理。

It must be dealt with by appropriate means at an appropriate time.

（1）老太太被风吹病了。

The old lady fell ill because of the drought.

（1）这座桥将在今年年底建成。

The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.

（2）有些问题还需要澄清。

Certain questions have yet to be clarified.

（3）这个问题正在研究。The problem is now being studied.

（1）我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。

National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct.1 by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year. （2）中美早已建立了外交关系。

Diplomatic relations have long been established between China and the us .

（3）一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个问题。

He was very soon surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with QS

（1）他出现在台上，观众给与热烈掌声。

He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

(2) 口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。

She was asked 10 questions in the oral exam and answered them all.

（三）为了使措词得当，语气委婉

（1）请你给我们表演一个节目。

You are requested to give a performance.

（2）来宾请出示入场券。

Visitors are required to show their tickets.

（1）应该说，情况基本是健康的。

It should be said that the situation is basically sound.

（2）据报告，敌人当时离这里只有十里。

It is reported that the enemy were ten li away.

（3）很明显，这项计划应该取消。

It is obvious that the plan should be canceled.

（4）据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守造成的。

It is rumoured that the accident was due to negligence.

1）他是外乡人。

He is a stranger here./He is not a native.

（2）到目前为止，联合国辜负了世界人民所寄予的厚望。

The United Nations has not yet, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world place in it. （3）我们绝不辜负全国人民对我们的期望。

We will live up to the expectations of our people.

（4）他的解释不能让人满意。

His explanation is far from satisfactory.

（5）他虽然贫穷，但无论如何也不会说谎。

Poor as he was, he was above telling a lie in any case.

（1）油漆未干Wet paint

（2）在他还没来得及阻拦我之前，我已经跑出教室。

Before he could stop me, I had rushed out of the classroom.

（3）在收据尚未签字以前不得付款。

Before the receipt has been signed, the money must not be paid.

（4）俗话说，“男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处”。

As the saying goes,”Men only weep when deeply hurt.”

二、为了加强语气以便获得较好的修辞效果

（1）经济的巩固工作仍需注意。

Meanwhile, the consolidation of the economy must not be negleted.

（2）我们讨论问题时，不能忘记这些基本观点。

These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion.

三、为了更加确切地表达原文含义

（1）他这几年都是全勤。

He has never missed a day?s work for years.

（2）正如没经历过大事的人一样，他是经不起成功也经不起失败的。

Like those of little experience, he was easily elated by success and deflated by failure.

（3）我找老王说句话，马上就回来。

Just to have a word with Old Wang, I won?t be long!

（一）英语中含否定语气的词语有：

1、动词：fail, miss, lack, ignore, refuse, withhold, refrain(from), neglect, deny, overlook, exlude等等。（1）使我们失望的是他不顾大局。

To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into ccount.

(2) 他上火车站去接他的朋友，可是未能在人群中见到他。

He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd.

（3）他看了看桌上的点心，摇了摇头，一点也不吃。

He ran his eyes over the refreshment on the table but shook his head and refused to touch anything. （4）他不愿意接受那笔款子。He refused to take the money.

2. 名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance,neglect, exclusion.

（1）他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。

His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.

（2）我们完全不知道他的计划。

We are in complete ignorance of his plan.

3. 形容词和形容词短语：few, little, free from, far from, short of等等。

（1）这次演出根本没有失败，而是十分成功。

The show was far from being a failure; it was a great success.

（2）他的作文几乎没有语法错误。

There are few grammatical mistakes in his composition.

4. 副词和副词短语：little, otherwise, too…to等等。

（1）他显然有不同的想法。He evidently thinks otherwise.

（2）我根本不知道他会遇到什么麻烦。

I little knew what trouble he was going to have.

5.连词：unless, before, until, (rather) than,or等等。

（1）不了解这一点，就不能得到起码的知识。

Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elementary knowledge.

（2）快一点，否则你就要迟到了。Hurry up, or you?ll be late.

6. 介词和介词短语：without, above, except, beyond, instead of, in spite of, out of等等。

（1）要不是你帮忙，那件任务我是不可能完成的.

Without your help, I could not have fulfilled the task in time.

(2) 我要钢笔，不是铅笔。

I want a pen instead of a pencil.

(二) 英语中含有半否定语气的词有：seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely等。

（1）工作没有经验，出点差错，几乎是不可避免的。

Slips are scarcely avoidable when you?re new to your work.

（2）他太自私了，几乎谁也不喜欢他。

Hardly anybody likes him, because he is too selfish.

翻译下列各句，注意运用语态变换的方法：

1、关于这个问题，已经说得很多了。.

Much has been said on this question

2、请旅客在此填写报关表。

Passenger are requested to fill in the customs declaration form here.

3、刚才有人讲了一些不该讲的话，

Some things were said here just now which should not have been said.

4、医院立即收下那个重伤的男孩。

The boy who had been seriously injured was immediately admitted into the hospital.

5、认识落后，才能改变落后。

The backwardness must be perceived before it can be changed.

6、缺点和错误必须克服。

Shortcomings and mistaked must be overcome.

7、这篇文章需要再润色一下。This article needs polishing.

8、他说的话使我感到莫名其妙I was perplexed by what he had said.

翻译下列各句，注意运用正说与反说的技巧：

1.他又不出声了。

Again he lapsed in silence.

2.他嫌这儿不静。

He didn?t like the noise here.

3.他不在，我感到很寂寞。

In his absence, I felt very lonely.

4.他只顾自己不顾别人，使得大家都很生气。

His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present.

5.他下意识地举起手来搔他的头顶。

He involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his head.

6.他只觉得头晕眼花，辨不出路径。

He felt too dizzy to remember the way he had come.

7.他的暗示没有引起我的注意。

His hint escaped me.

8.你恐怕弄错了。

I?m afraid you are wrong.

一、无主句的译法

（一）某些表示事物存在、出现的无主句，可以译为被动句。

（1）封面上印着一个猎人的像。

The figure of a hunter was printed on the cover.

（2）这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。

More apartment houses will be built here.

(二) 某些表示要求、规定的无主句，也往往可以译成被动句。

（1）本剧场内禁止吸烟。

Smoking is not allowed in this theatre.

(2) 发现了错误，一定要改正。

Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.

（3）必须保证八小时睡眠。

Eight hours? sleep must be guaranteed.

二、采用“There +be… ”，“It+be…to..”等结构。

汉语中的某些格言、经验、或带有哲理的无主句，翻译时一般都采用这种结构。

（1）没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。

Without facility, there would be no difficulty;without difficulty, there would also be no facility.

（2）活到老，学到老。

One is never too old to learn.

（3）总之，是两点而不是一点。

In short, there are two aspects, not just one.

三、采用倒装语序

有些表示事物存在、出现或消失的无主句，结构形式与英语的倒装句相似，因此，在汉译英时用倒装句往往比较得体。

（1）在游廊的最左端，靠近一道门，却坐着一位将近三十岁的男子。

Close by a door at the extreme left of the veranda sat a man of about 30.

（2）地下埋藏着大量的金银铜铅锌。

Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc.

四、采用祈使句

汉语中表示请求、命令、号召，及标语、口号等的无主句，可仿照英语中的同类句式来译。

（1）此处禁止停车NO parking

（2）到什么山唱什么歌。

Sing different songs on different mountains.

五、选用适当的名词或者代词补出主语

（1）弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。

If things are not properly handled, our labour will be totally lost.

（2）不经一事不长一智

You can?t gain knowledge without practice.

Wisdom comes from experience.

二、省略句的译法

（2）照例七点钟喝牛奶。

He started the day with hot milk, at seven a.m. as per schedule.

（3）哼！妈不像您，见钱就忘了命。

Humph! Mother isn?t like you—show you a handful of coppers and you?ll break your neck to get at it.

（二）补充宾语

（1）他找着了就送过来。

If he finds it, he?ll send it to you.

（2）……这两座山虽然很高，却是不会再增高了，挖一点就会少一点，为什么挖不平呢？

High as they are, the mountain cannot grow any higher and with every bit we dig,they will be that much lower.Why can?t we clear them away?

采用适当的方式翻译下列无主句：

1、一有问题就去解决，不要等问题成了堆才去作一次总解决。Whenever a problem crops up, tackle it right away;don?t let problems pile up and then try to settle them all at one go.

1.我身旁的桌子上点着一盏灯，灯旁放着一只小盒子

On the table beside me a lamp was burning, and near it lay a little box.

2.能不能提前完成计划呢？

Is it posible to carry out the plan ahead of time?

3.没有矛盾，就没有世界。

Without contradiction nothing could exit.

4.突然钻出一只狗，追着她咬，几乎把她吓糊涂了。

Suddenly a dog began to chase after her, scaring her almost out of wits.

5.以下是代表的名单

The following is a list of the delegates.

6.留得青山在不愁没柴烧。

As long as the green mountains are there, one need not worry about firewood. Or: While there is life, there is hope. 7.上半夜由他值班，下半夜我来值班。

He will take up the shift before midnight;then I?ll relieve him.

将下列汉语省略句译成英语省略句：

1.像是要下雨的样子。

(It)looks like rain.

2.你昏了，想买伞！

You are crazy!Buying an umbrella!

3.何不骑车去？

Why not go by bike?

4.饿吗？Hungry?

1、这么早就动身？

(Are you )leaving so early?

5.他有自己的打算，但不愿向别人谈论。

He has his own plans, but does not like to talk about them.

6.这件事你不懂，就别再操心了。

You don?t understand what it?s aboit. You needn?t bother.

7.多年来一直喝这种苦药，我真是喝够了。

For years I?ve been taking this revolting medicine. I?ve had more than enough of it already.

1、“得”字句的译法

一、表示能力或可能性的“得”字句

（一）利用英语的情态动词“can(could)” 或“to be able to”。

（1）这个礼堂能坐得下一千五百人吗？

Can this auditorium hold 1,500 people?

(2) 他看得出两者的区别。

He was able to see the difference between the two.

（3）论唱歌谁能比得上他？

Who can match him in singing?

（二）利用带后缀“-able”, “-ible”的形容词。

（1）这些星星是肉眼能看得见的。

These stars are visible to the naked eyes.

（2）这消息靠得住吗？

Is the information reliable?

（3）我们都认为他是可以信得过的。

We all think him credible.

（三）利用“to be capable of”。

（1）他们什么事都干得出来。

They are capable of everything.

(2) 他能搬得动这块石头么？

Is he capable of moving this rock?

（3）他能担得起大事。

He is capable of great things.

二、表示结果或程度的“得”字句。

（一）利用“so…that”。

(1) 他高兴得睡不着觉。

He was so excited that he could not fall asleep.

（2）地板霉烂得有许多地方不能洗刷了。

The floors were in so rotten a condition that many of them could not be scrubbed. （二）利用“so…as to…”.

（1）他常常高兴得什么都忘了。

He is so happy as to forget everything.

（2）他壮实得像个年轻人似的。

He is so strong as to look like a young man.

（三）利用“such…that”.

(1) 天气热得大家喘不过气来。

It was such a hot weather that people were out of breath.

（2）我们喊得声音很大，人们立刻前来救援。

We raised such a cry that help came at once.

（3）差别大得人人都可以看出来。

It is such a great difference that all will perceive it.

（四）利用“too…to…”.

(1) 恐怕事情已经闹得不可收拾了。

I?am afraid things have gone too far to be set right.

（2）我详细解释过。可他就是糊涂得不懂这个理儿。

I have explained it in detail, but he is too stupid to understand such a ruth.

（五）利用“too…for…”.

(1) 这些工具旧得不能再用了。

These tools are too old for further use.

（2）这些苹果酸得不能吃。

These apples are too sour for eating.

（3）这水脏得不能喝。

The water is too dirty for drinking.

（六）利用“enough to…”, “enough for…”

(1) 天气暖和得可以游泳了。

It?s warm enough to swim now.

（2）他身体壮得可以干这件重活。

He is strong enough for this heavy work.

（3）这孩子的年龄已够得上进学校了。

The child is old enough to start school.

（七）利用“and”连接的并列句结构。

(1) 他的歌声引起了听众的哄笑，便羞愧得赶忙离开了比赛。

His singing made the audience burst out laughing. He felt ashamed and left the competition hurriedly. （八）利用英语里含有复合谓语的被动结构。

（1）他被打得遍体鳞伤。

He was beaten black and blue.

（2）他的衣服被强盗剥得精光。

He was stripped stark-naked by the bandits.

（九）利用英语“连系动词或含有‘变得’意义的动词+形容词表语”的结构。

(1) 他今年十九岁了，虽然个子不大，可是长得很结实

He was nineteen, slim, but quite strong.

（2）于是他突然变得严肃了。

Then he suddenly fell grave.

（十）利用英语“动词+后置状语”的结构。

(1) 他样样工作都做得很不错。

He does all his work very well.

（2）日程安排得很合适。

The schedule was arranged in a pratical way.

（十一）利用英语“动词+形容词+名词”的结构。

(1) 中国人民的生活过得很幸福。

The Chinese people are leading a happy life.

（2）这个规律，他讲得很清楚。

He gave a very clear exposition of the law.

(十二) 利用英语“till(until)+状语从句”的结构。

（1）他笑得肚子痛。

He laughed till his sides split.

(2) 他逗得孩子乱叫。

He teased the child until he began howling.

(十三) 利用英语“动词+表原因的介词短语”的结构。

（1）他冷得打哆嗦。

He shivered with cold.

(2) 他饿得发晕。

He fainted from hunger.

(十四) 将句子的补语转化为英语句子的主语。

（1）他热得满头大汗。

He was sweating all over.

（2）人和马都被雨水淋得湿透。

Both men and horses were drenched with the rain.

2、“把”字句的译法

一、含有”处置“意思的“把”字句。

（1）我的一位朋友最近把他的房子油漆过了。

A friend of mine has had his house painted recently.

（2）如果他不规规矩矩，我就把他关在那个房子里。

If he won?t behave himself, I?ll have him locked up in the room.

（3）他们还没把计划做好。

They haven?t got the plan ready.

（1）他把梯子靠墙竖着。

He stood the ladder against the wall.

（2）千万把这封信放在他能找到的地方。

Be sure to put the letter where he could find it.

（3）十分钟后，他把双臂浸泡在消毒酒精桶里。

Ten minutes later he soaked his arms in a pail of anticeptic.

（二）含有“致使”意思的“把”字句

“把”字句中，宾语之后接”忙“、”累“、”急“、”气“、”吓“等词加上补语，整个句子就有“致使”的意思。这类“把”字句，英译时常常利用英语中有“致使”意义的动词。

（1）这一趟把他累坏了。

The trip tired him out.

（2）你怎么来得这么晚，真把人急死啦！

Why are you so late? We were worried to death about you.

（三）表示“把甲当乙”的“把”字句

“把”字句表示“把甲当乙” （即当作、作为、说成、看作等概念）时，可利用英语“动词+宾语+as (for)短语”的句型来处理。

（1）他把我错当成我的兄弟了。

He mistook me for my brother.

（2）村里人不把我当外人。

People in the village didn?t treat me as a stranger.

（四）带有双宾语的“把”字句

这种句子也往往借助于“把”字将直接宾语提到动词前面，英译时通常把两个宾语都置于动词的后面。

（1）我把信交给了他。

I gave him the letter.

（2）请把词典递给我。

Please pass me the dictionary.

（1）他有心事时总是把手掌心托住自己的下巴。

He would cup his chin in the hollow of his hand when he had something on his mind.

（2）电视观众把双眼盯住屏幕。

The TV watchers fixed their eyes on the screen.

有时，还可以用被动语态来译“把”字句。

(1)风把树刮倒了。

The tree was blown down by the wind.

（2）他的热情把我感动得流下泪来。

I was moved to tears by his enthusiasm

翻译下列各句，注意“得”字句补语的译法

1.那张桌子不重，他搬得上楼去。

The desk is not heavy. He can carry it upstairs.

2.床收拾得很整齐。

The bed was neatly made up.

3.你们干得不错呀！

You have done a great job

4.她在客厅里等得不耐烦了。

She had been waiting so long as to be impatient in the drawing-room

5.她的头发长得几乎拖地了。

Her hair is so long as to trailing over the floor.

6.她游览得高兴极了。

She was overjoyed with her sightseeing.

7.他跑得满身大汗。

He was drenched with a sweat from running.

8.她伤心得大声哭了起来。

She felt so deeply hurt as to burst out crying.

翻译下列各句，注意“把”字词组的译法。

1.他喜欢叫人把新的小说读给他听。

She will have new novel read to her.

2.那就意味着把任务交给他了。

That means the task has been entrusted to him.

3.今天是什么风把你吹来了？

What brings you here teday?

4.你们必须把计划再检查一遍。

You must go over the plan once more.

5.他把苹果切成了两半。

He cut the apple in two.

6.把你的暑假计划跟我谈谈好吗？

Will you tell me your plan for the summer vacation?

7.他们把我看做自家人。

They consider me as belonging to their families.

一、连动式的译法

（一）表示先后关系的连动式通常将几个动词都译成谓语动词，按原文的先后次序，用and连接。

（1）他把书接过来摆在膝盖上。

He took the book and laid it on his lap.

（2）这个军官放下杯子站了起来。

The officer put down his glass and stood up.

表示动作先后的连动式，第一个动词也可以用分词结构来译。

（1）他打开抽屉拿出词典来。

Opening the drawer he took out a dictionary.

（2）他到了车站发现火车已经开走了。

Arriving at the station, he found that the train had left.

（3）她备好了课开始写日记。

Having prepared her lessons, she began to write diary.

表示”手段、目的”关系的连动式，在英译时，通常是把前一个动词，即表示手段的词译作谓语，而后一个动词即表示目的的词，则用不定式译作目的状语。

（1）那老汉下意识地举起手来搔他那光秃秃的头顶。

The old man involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his bald head.

（2）去年我和弟弟回乡去看朋友。

Last year I went home with my brother to visit our friends.

（3）他到班长那儿请了个假。

He went to the monitor to ask for leave.

在表示“手段、目的”的连动式中，第二个动词有时也可以用含有目的意义的介词来译。

（1）他回房间去取钥匙

He went back to his room for the key.

（2）这年头，谁敢下乡去收租米？（茅盾《子夜》）

Who dares go down into the village for rent these days?

（三）有些连动式，前一个动作表示后一个动作的方式、状态，两者形成主从关系。在英译时，通常把后一个动作用限定动词译成谓语，前一个动作译成分词或介词短语。

（1）他们热烈鼓掌欢迎来宾。

They welcomed the guests with warm applause.

（2）不久，他捧着那本书回来了。

Very soon he came back, holding that book in his hand.

（3）他已经洗完了衣服，坐在小溪边的石头上撩起布衫擦脸上的汗水。

He had already finished washing. Seated on a stone beside the stream, he wiped his perspiring face with his tonic.

（1）他站在门口笑。

He stood at the door, grinning.

（2）人们起来反抗压迫。

The people rose against appression.

（3）我们应当起来捍卫真理。

We should come forward in defence of truth.

兼语式的基本译法有以下几种：

（一）按英语的SVOC句型把兼语式的第二个动词转化为英语的宾语补足语。

当兼语式的第一个动词是“使、叫、让、教、请、劝、引诱、防止，阻挠…”等时，在很多情况下，其宾语补足语是由不定式来充当的。兼语式的特点是：谓语有两个动词，前一动词的宾语，又是后一动词的主语，前后两个动词不共一个主语。

兼语式的基本译法有以下几种：

（1）虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

（2）我们都劝他戒烟。

We all advised him to give up smoking.

（3）我请他教我学法语。

I asked him to teach me French.

有时英语的宾语补足语也可由介词短语充当。

（1）他迫使对方处于守势。

He drove his opponent into a defensive position.

（2）地震使所有的的房子都成了废墟。

The earthquake reduced all the houses to ruins.

兼语式的第一个动词，如果是“领导”、“率领”、“组织”等词，第二个动词只有译成介词短语，才符合英语习惯。

（1）检票员领他到座位上。

The usher took him to his seat.

（2）他们组织工人加入了工会。

They have organized the workers into trade unions.

在翻译这类兼语式时，宾语补足语有时还可以用形容词、副词或分词。

（1）你妈妈叫你马上回去。

Your mother wants you back home at once.

（2）我们必须使房子保持整洁。

We must keep the room clean and tidy.

（3）什么事使你这么样激动？

What made you so excited?

有时还可以用名词。

（1）我们选他为区人民代表。

We elected him a deputy to the district people?s congress.

（2）他们推他为领袖。

They made him their leader.

此外，兼语式的第一个动词如果是表示生理上感觉的动词，也常常按照英语的SVOC的句型来翻译。

（1）他觉得房子在摇动。

He felt the house shaking.

（2）我们可以听到孩子们在外面玩。

We could hear the children at play outside.

(3) 我们看着他拿起门闩，在门口停了一会。

We saw him lift the latch and pause for a moment in the doorway.

（二）英语中有大量的含有“致使”、“促成”意义的动词，有时为了句子简练有力，往往利用这类动词来翻译。

（1）这真叫我吃惊！

It surprised me!

(2) 这会使孩子们高兴的。

That will please the children.

（3）这暴行使全世界公众舆论感到震惊。

This outrage shocked the world opinion.

（三）有些兼语式结构出现在主语中充当句子的一个成分，这种兼语式结构可以译成一个以具有动词意义的名词为中心词的短语。

（1）党中央动员和组织边区各方力量进行抗日赢得全国人民的高度赞扬。

The Party Central Committee?s mobilization and organization of the Border Region?s capacities to make war against the Japanese won high praise from the people throughout the country.

（四）兼语式的第一个动词如果是“责怪”、“埋怨”、“批评”、“表扬”等，往往可将第二个动作译作英语的状语短语或状语从句。

（1）报上批评这位作家没有真实地反映生活。

Newspaper criticised the author because he failed to present a true picture of life in his works.

（2）他责备孩子迟迟不回家。

He reproached her child for staying out late.

（五）有时也可按照上下文和英语习惯灵活翻译。

（1）要使十几亿人的中国人民生活得好……

…to ensure a better life for more than 1 billion people of China…

（2）您叫我到哪儿去？

But where can I go?

（3）我劝您少管闲事。

You?d better mind your own business.

翻译下列各句，注意连动式谓语的译法：

他拉过一把椅子放在客人的背后。

He drew up a chair and placed it behind the visitor.

你起来吃药吧。

Sit up and take your medicine.

第二天早上，他就到镇上去借钱买茶叶

The next morning, he went into town to borrow money for buying tea.。

她抱住女儿的头痛哭着。

Hugging her daughter, she broke down completely.

他腋下夹着几本书回来了

He came back with some books under his arm.

我要带孩子到街上去走走。

I will take my child to the street for a walk.

暑假里他乘火车到西安去参观。

He went to Xi?an for a visit during the summer vacation.

翻译下列各句，注意兼语式谓语的译法。

我们迫使敌人缴械投降。

We forced the enemy to hand over their weapons and surrender.

是谁鼓动你干这样的坏事的？

Who instigated you to do such evil things?

我们不能强迫人们接受某一种学派。

We cannot compel people to accept one particular style of art or school of thought.

他要你十一点钟给他回电话。

He wants you to call him back at 11.

我要让他自己解决这个问题。

I?ll leave him to solve the problem for himself.

大夫劝他好好休息。

The doctor advised him to take a rest.

有五十多个国家决定派代表团出席大会。

More than 50 countries decided to send theor delegations to the conference.

她听到孩子在摇篮里哭。

She heard the baby crying in the cradle.

比喻性词语的译法

一、直译法

（1）那老头子装作没看见，像个老僧入定的那样呆坐着。

The old man pretended not to have noticed it, sitting motionless there like an old monk engaged in contemplation.

（2）清清的溪水，潺潺地流着，象仙女身上美丽的飘带，从高崖上伸展到遥远的地方去。

Rippling crystal streams stretched away into the distance from the towering bluffs like the beatiful streamers of a fairy maid.

以上明喻英译时同样以明喻修辞手法，完全保留原文风貌。

（3）一切反动派都是纸老虎。

All reactionaries are paper tigers

二、意译法

（1）脱掉棉衣换上春装的人们，好像卸下了千斤重载，真是蹿跳觉得轻松，爬起卧倒感到俐落。

With their heavy winter clothing changed for lighter spring wear they could leap or crouch down much more

freely and nimbly.

译文中使用heavy,lighter两词，表达原文“卸下千斤重载”的含义。

（2）我半世的辛苦，全是替他们做牛马！

I?ve been slaving all these years just to make money for them.

译文抛弃了“牛马”的比喻，只译作“做苦工”的实在意义。

（3）咱穷人，土地就是根本，没有土地，就站不住脚根了。

Land is vital to poor folk like us. Without land, we?re done for!

用be done for（完蛋，破灭），替代“站不住脚根”这一比喻。

（4）太阳这么高了，他怎么还不露脸？

It?s so late now, why hasn?t he shown up?

(5) 还有一些人很骄傲，读了几句书，自以为了不起，尾巴翘到天上去了。

Others are conceited, having picked up some book-phrases, they think themselves terrific and are very cocky.

用cocky（骄傲自大）表达“尾巴翘到天上去了”的含义。

（1）处理人民内部矛盾，必须坚持和风细雨的方法。

It is essential to persist in using methods as mild as a drizzle and as gentle as a breeze in dealing with contradictions among the people.

（2）“他一家子在这儿。他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？跑得了和尚跑不了庙”

“Escape? But his home and property can?t escape. ?The monk may run away, but the temple can?t run with him.?”（3）这一来，竹篮子打水一场空了！

We were drawing water in a bamboo basket!

三、转换法

（1）大家心里乐开了花，象办喜事一样忙忙碌碌地做着各种准备工作。

Everyone was as pleased as though a festival was approaching, and set about getting for it.

把原文“办喜事”的比喻形象换成a festival was approaching(节日快要到来)这样的比喻性词语。

（2）…（把他）捆得像个粽子似的…

…trussed him up like a fowl…

把原文（捆得象个）“粽子”的比喻形象换成（象绑起来的）“家禽”的比喻形象。

（1）她把他的话，一五一十，告诉了母亲。

She recounted everything he had said in detail to her mother.

（2）她怕碰一鼻子灰，话到了嘴边，她又把它吞了下去。

She was afraid of being snubbed, so she swallowed the words that came to her lips.

”碰一鼻子灰”如直译成英语，外国读者未必能理解其含义，故采用意译法译作being snubbed.

节译

在汉语习语中，常有并列的对偶结构，用两个不同的喻体表达相同的喻意。例如“取之不尽，用之不竭”，“铜墙铁壁”等。对此类汉语习语通常可采用节译法，即省去并列重复的部分，保留它的基本喻意。

（1）冷淡的阳光照着他们的愁眉苦脸。

The cold,pale sunlight fell on their gloomy faces.

“愁眉苦脸”就是gloomy face，无需既译“眉”又译“脸”。

（2）忽闻有人在牡丹亭畔，长吁短叹。

Suddenly he heard a rustle in the peony pavillion and someone sighing deeply.

”长吁”和”短叹”表示同一个概念，所以译文仅以sighing deeply概括两者之意。

（3）“这断子绝孙的阿Q！”

“Ah Q,may you die sonless! ”

这里的“断子”和“绝孙”也是表示同一个意思，所以只译作die sonless。

(1）只有大胆地破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，还许有翻身的那一天！

All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day you?ll come out on top.

汉语成语“破釜沉舟”借用英语to burn one?s boats来表达，无论在内容、形式、色彩等方面都十分吻合。

(2) 我没想到他对同志们的批评竟充耳不闻。

I didn?t expect him to turn a deaf ear to the comrades? criticism.

五、直译和意译兼用

在采用直译保留原文比喻形象的同时，又兼用意译，有时略作补充，使译文更加清晰地传达原文含义。

（1）她一个单身人，无亲无故……

She was all by herself and far from home, without a single relative or friend to help her.

“无亲无故”译为without a single relative or friend ，同时补充to help her，点出含义，使全句意思完整。

六、直译加注

为了保留原文的民族特色和形象，一些含有典故的汉语习语也常用直译，但需要加注，以免读者感到莫名其妙。当然加注会分散、打断读者的连贯理解，因而少用为好。

（1）司马昭之心，固以路人皆知。

This Sima Zhao trick is obvious to every man in the street.(后加注释)

翻译下列各句，注意比喻性词语的译法

群众的愤怒像火山一般爆发起来。

The fury of the crow erupted like a volcano.

他像一只斗败的公鸡似的垂头丧气。

He was shaken and unnerved like a defeated fighting-cock.

我可再不发我的牛脾气啦。

I promised not to let my bull?s temper run away with me again

这人原先胆子小，干啥都是脚踩两只船。

This man had formerly a coward, a fence-sitter.

我像井底之蛙把世界看成一小池水那么大。

I …ve been like the frog living at the bottom of the well who thought the world was a little round pool of water.

她步入院中，鸦雀无闻。

The courtyard was silent as she entered it. Not a bird?s cheep was heard.

比一比就比一比，但谁也不能打退堂鼓。

We?re willing to take up the challenge. And neither side should back out.

他本人是泥菩萨过河，自身难保。

He can?t save himself any more than a clay idol can save itself while swimming across a river.

翻译下列各句，注意划线的习语的译法

咱们不能黑影里点灯，只看脚下。Let?s not light a lamp in the dark which shows only our feet.

人勤地不懒，这话真不赖。

If man is diligent, soil is not idle. How true the proverb is!

人怕出名猪怕壮。

Fame is as fatal to men as fattening to pigs.

送君千里终有一别。

Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.

打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。

If you want to kill a snake you must first hit it on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch the leader.

他对乡里的情况，了如指掌。

He knew everything about the township like the back of his hand.

她觉得丈夫这句话说得对，真是一针见血，点头附和道……

Feeling that her husband had been right to say this and had touched him on the raw, she nodded and backed him up.

但是事实胜于雄辩，水落自然石出。

However, facts speak louder that eloquence and the truth will prevail in the end.

经贸翻译

综合教程课后翻译答案

1、我不曾想到，随着时间的流逝，我果真以身为社工而自豪（count on ；take pride in ) What I didn ' t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker. 2、奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟，发出一声惊呼：天哪，我们要赶不上火车了 ( Shoot a look at ；let out) Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “ Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we're going to miss the train! ” 3、我总在幼儿园门口看到一些孩子抓住父母不让走。请问：在这种情形下，年轻的父母们是否得对孩子严厉些，赶紧离开？(stern;hold on to sb) At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances? 4、昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣的小女孩( dim;weep ) In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. 5、富人捐赠时要尽量考虑周全，不要让受赠者陷入难堪的境地(considerate;embarrassing) When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6、从上个月起，我的工作就是围绕日常办公事务转，所以现在每天掰着手指算什么时候才到国庆节：我和朋友要去乡下远足呢！(revolve;count the days ) Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. 7、无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多(maximum ;minimum.) In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum. 8、我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人(build on;sincerity) I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all. 9、我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但一切努力都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病(in vain) We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease. 10、情人节是个一年一度在 2 月14 日庆祝的节日，一个向心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子(affection) Valentine 's Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect dayto express love to the object of your / one's affection. 11、在信息时代，通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的(era;via) In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous. 12、爱情需要培养，我们梦想拥有的“永恒的爱情”只有在双方学会欣赏对方、包容对方之后才可能缔造(nurture;forge) Love needs to be nurtured, and the “ eternal / everlasting love” that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other. 13、以共同兴趣为基础的友谊是不容易破裂的(ground;break up) The friendship based on the sane interest doesn't break up easily 14、孩子们必须学会将电脑游戏中的暴力与勇敢区分开来(distinguish between) Children must learn to distinguish the 15、当今世界每天涌现如此多新鲜事物，要求一个人什么都知晓是不合情理的(sensible)

综合教程1汉译英参考答案

综合教程（第一册）汉译英参考答案 Unit 1 1.他对这次面试中可能提到的问题做好了准备。（confront） He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview. 2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声来。（touch） His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。（hand in hand） The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing. 4.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。（well up） When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。（in common）People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在三年内买一幢新房子。（look into） Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。（give in to） He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。（lock away） We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相 帮助。（part） Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past. 10.在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。（summon）At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.一个由外交部长率领的政府代表团昨日抵达南非，开始对该国进行为期3天 的友好访问。（head） Yesterday a government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa and began a three-day friendly visit to the country. 2.看看这些讽刺社会弊端的漫画实在好笑。（awfully funny） It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills. 3.计算机是最有用的教学工具之一，所有的功课以及所有的问题和答案都可在 屏幕上显示出来。（show on a screen） Computers are one of the most useful teaching aids, for all your lessons as well as all

大学英语汉译英答案

Unit 4 Translation 1、接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。 To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind 2、众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。 It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much. 3、我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。 My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood. 4、我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。 I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening 5、她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。 Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up 6、教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study. 7、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。 I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this. 8、乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的的确观察，我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。 At first glance the picture didn’t l ook very good, but after examining it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece. Unit 5 Translation 1、史密斯医生从窗口望出去，突然看到一个年轻人正向他的诊所奔来。 Looking out of the window, Dr. Smith caught sight of a young man running towards his clinic. 2、艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。 Amy used to drink nothing but coffee. 3、迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。 Myra broke into tears when she learned that her husband had got injured in an accident. 4、我们好几天没有看见怀特小姐了。她是病倒了还还是怎么了？ W haven’t seen Miss White for quite a few days. Has she fallen ill of somethi ng? 5、研究所所长亲自查明一切都没有问题。 The director of the research institute came in person to make sure that everything was all right. 6、伦尼今天早晨上学又迟到了。他应该早一点起床的。肯定是昨晚睡得太迟了。 Lennie was late for school again this morning. He ought to /should have got up earlier. He must have stayed up too late last night 7、嗨，你不应该把那些孩子赶跑。他们是来帮忙的，不是来捣蛋的。 Say you oughtn’t to have driven away those kids. They came to lend you a hand, not to make trouble. 8、对护士来说，坚持这项规定是很重要的。 It is important for nurses to stick to this rule. Unit 6 Translation 1、据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。 It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood. 2、罢工结果，资方接受了工人的要求。 The strike resulted in the management accepting the workers’ demands. 3、煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。 The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions 4、我很想买下这本英文词典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。

新世纪大学英语第一册翻译-汉译英.

Translation Unit One 1.这个婴儿还不会爬,更不要说会走了。 The baby can't even crawl yet, let alone walk! 2. 威尔声称谋杀案件发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。 Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. 3. 一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关;有了阅读技巧,你就可以更好的应对课外阅读了。 To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. 4. 根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。 According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. 5. 有些人想当然的认为日语中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。 Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. 6. 我们都已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。 We have passed all relevant information on to the police. 7. 关于那件事你问我在多的问题也没有用,因为我是不会回答你的。

综合教程第一册汉译英答案

单元1 （1）这个婴儿还不会爬，更不要说走了。 The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk. （2）威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭，但是我认为他在说谎。 Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. （3）一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好的应对课外阅读 To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. （4）根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。 According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. （5）有些人想当然的认为日语中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。 Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. （6）我们已经讲所有的相关信息告知了警方。 We have passed all the relevant information on to the police. （7）关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没有用，因为我是不会回答你的。 There/ It is no use ask ing me any more questions about that matter because I won’t answer. （8）事先没有仔细阅读合同就签了名的吉姆的错误。 It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it carefully （9）他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。 They refused to provide us with all the information we need （10）这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。 This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. （11）这部电影是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。 The film is based on a play by/ of Shakespeare. （12）如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职是就一定比别人根有优势。 If you have a good command/ mastery of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job/ in job-hunting. 单元2 （1）很多老师不赞成这种做法。 Many teachers frowned on this practice. （2）当我想从草地上穿过去的时候，有位老人在旁边怒视着我。 An old man glared at me when I was trying to cut across the lawn （3）当我提到我的父亲时，她的脸上露出了认出我的笑容。 When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face （4）我的大孩子比较听话，而小的那个非常倔。我现在还常想起小的孩子在中学毕业后是如何执意要出国读书的。 My firstborn was quite obedient, whereas my younger child was very stubborn. I can still recall now how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after he finished his secondary school. （5）当海啸袭来时，许多东南亚国家遭受了巨大的损失。 Countries in South East Asia sustained great losses when the tsunami struck the area.

汉译英教程第十三章

汉译英教程 第十三章词类的转换 汉英两种语言，用词方式各不相同，同一意思在不同的语言中有可能使用不同类别的词表达。如汉语中可用形容词作谓语，而英语必须用动词；汉语单句中可有几个动词。而英语单句中谓语动词通常只有一个，其它汉语用动词的地方，英语中只有变换方式。因此，汉英翻译时不可能总是保持原文词类的原貌，而须根据英语的甩词习惯选择词类。现将常见词类转换现 象介绍如下: 第一节汉语动词的转换 一、转换成英语名词 1．汉语中做主语、宾语的动词英译时可译作名词，这时的名词一般都表动作意义或是动词 转化来的名词。如： a)我们也认识到越来越需要使某些经济部门实行工业化。 We also realized the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy b)采用这种新装置可以大大地降低废品率。 The adoption of this new device will greatly reduce the percentage ot defective products． c)一切爱好和平的人们都要求禁止原子武器。 All peace loving people demand the prohibition of atomic weapons 2．汉语的一些动宾短语，英译时可采用"名词+of”引导的短语的结构。如： a)他一生的真正使命是想办法为推翻资本社会而作出贡献。 His real mission in life was to contribute，in one way or another，to the overthrown of capitalist society. b)看到这张照片，我想起了我的童年。 The sight of the photo brought me back to my childhood． 3 根据英语句式的要求转译为名词 a)在城市和乡村，托儿所和幼儿园都在大量扩展。 There has been a tremendous expansion of nurseries and kindergartens in both town and villages． b)骄傲自满最终毁了他。 Arrogance and complacence turned out to be his ruin． c)一切旨在保证国际机构特别是联合国机构进行工作的便利条件必须恢复。 There must be restoration of all the necessary facilities for the functioning of international organs，particularly the United Nations

新视野大学英语读写教程汉译英翻译答案

第一单元 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3 .Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 第二单元 1 ．If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．‘ 2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3 ．I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along? 4. As their products find their way into the international

汉英翻译实践第一讲

PART I: I. 原文(Source Text) 水桥 在巴拿马，有一座世界闻名的“水桥”，那就是巴拿马运河。去年暑假，我跟着爸爸妈妈去巴拿马运河游览观光，至今还记忆犹新。 我们乘机抵达巴拿马城，然后搭上了一艘游轮，从巴尔博亚港进入运河。船行13公里后，便到了运河的第一组水闸1。巴拿马运河就是通过水闸的关与开，让船舰跨越陆地的一座“水桥” 2。 我们开始“上桥”了。船驶进闸池之后，厚2米，高、宽各20米，重数百吨的钢闸门便缓缓地关闭，闸池里开始注水。几分钟后，水涨船高3。游轮在两岸电力机车的牵引下缓缓前进。这样连升两级之后，船已经升高了16米。出闸后，再驶过一个小湖，又到了第二组水闸。经过这座水闸，船又升高了9.5米。这样，船已高出海平面26米，进入“桥顶” 4。我们的游船驶进了长达13公里的主航道，只见5两岸山6如刀削，绿树红花，景色十分秀丽7。 游船出了峡谷，驶入了宽阔的加通湖。湖水倒映着远山白云，美丽的小岛时隐时现8。在湖中悠悠航行38公里之后，船来到了加通水闸，从此进入了“下桥”段。这座水闸共有三级，犹如三个巨大的台阶。游船经过加通水闸后，已经降到了与大西洋水面相同的高度。当船驶入利蒙湾时，美丽的加勒比海便出现在眼前9。 我们从太平洋来到大西洋10，彼此隔离的大洋因为有了巴拿马运河而相通。运河全长公里，宽度由150米到304米不等。5万吨级的巨轮，日夜畅通无阻。它无愧于“世界桥梁”的称誉。我由衷地赞美人类改造自然的智慧和勇气!我敬佩你，巴拿马人民! 导游告诉我们，巴拿马人民是有志气的。他们一方面正在改造现在这条运河；另一方面，还准备新建一条更长的运河，预计工程需要10年才能完成，它将成为人类有史以来最大的工程11。我们期待着它早日完成。 II. 理解难点提示(Suggestions for Comprehension) 1. 这里的“水闸”指什么参考下文的“进闸池”、“出闸”。

综合教程汉译英答案

1. 她是个好学生，但她很害羞，又缺乏自信。She is a good student, but she is shy and lacks confidence. 2. 他承认自己设定的目标不够现实，因此考试成绩也不够理想。He confessed that he had not set realistic targets / goals, so he did not do as well in the exams as he had expected. 3. 如何组织时间，如何结交新朋友是大学新生面临的挑战。(challenge; faced with)How to organize time and how to make friends are challenges that freshmen are faced with. 4.直到大学毕业我才认识到，学习并不是大学生活的全部，大学生活本可以更加丰富多彩。It wasn’t until graduation that I realized college life was not all about studying. It could have been more colorful. 5.大学是人生中最美好的时光。好好享受大学生活，因为这样的时光不会再来。College years are the best years of a person’s life. Enjoy your college life because these moments will never come again. 1. 令很多家长感到困惑的是，为什么孩子们对洋快餐那么感兴趣。What puzzles many parents is why their kids are so crazy about foreign fast food. 2. 到中国之前，你应该对中国的饮食文化有所了解。Y ou should have learnt something about Chinese food culture before you came to China .3. 尽管食品安全问题引起了广泛关注，食品安全仍然面临严峻的问题。Despite all the attention that has been paid to food safety, it still faces serious problems. 4. 除了欣赏美景外，品尝当地的小吃也是一大美事。Apart from appreciating the beautiful scenery, tasting some local food is also a great pleasure. 5. 肯德基、麦当劳等洋快餐的出现对中国的传统饮食产生了不小的影响。The appearance of foreign fast food such as KFC and McDonald’s has had quite an influence on traditional Chinese food. 1 人们往往凭第一印象去判断一个人，虽然有时第一印象并不可靠。People tend to judge a person by first impressions, though sometimes the first impression is not really reliable. 2 他非常感谢那些在他困难时期给过他帮助和支持的人。 He is very grateful to those who offered help and support when he was in trouble. 3 总的来说，中国人比较含蓄，一般不怎么愿意和陌生人交谈。Generally speaking, Chinese people are more reserved; they are less inclined to talk to strangers. 4 正是他乐于助人的品德使他赢得了人们的尊重. It is his virtue of being ready to help others that earns him people’s respect. 5 他们之间建立了良好的关系，这给双方都带来了很多好处。They established a good relationship, from which both of them benefited a lot. 1 虽然父母有教育子女的义务，但很多父母不知道如何扮演好这一角色。Despite the fact that parents have the responsibility to educate their children, many of them have no idea how to play the role well. 2 他主张父母应该成为孩子的朋友，并在言行上保持一致。He advocates that parents should be friends to their kids, and be consistent in what they say and do. 3 父母往往能认识到知识教育的重要性，却忽视了对孩子的情感教育。Parents are generally conscious of the importance of academic education while neglecting emotional education. 4 父母在子女教育方面所起的积极作用是显而易见的。The positive influence that parents may have on their children’s education is obvious and self-evident. 5 对孩子取得的任何进步都要给予肯定，不管是多么小的进步。Be positive about any progress your child is ma king, no matter how small it is. 1 到达山顶后，游客们被眼前的美景惊呆了。Upon reaching the top of the mountain, the tourists were overwhelmed by the beauty of what they saw. 2 他强烈推荐游览华山, 因为与以前爬过的山相比，华山更具有挑战性。He highly recommended visiting Huashan Mountain, because in comparison with the mountains we climbed before, Huashan Mountain is more challenging. 3 国庆期间我们去了黄山，发现黄山的美无法用文字形容。During the National Day holidays we went to Huangshan Mountain, the beauty of which we found is beyond words. 4 对我而言，旅游是有效的放松方式。我去过很多地方，确实觉得旅游带来的益处非常大。For me, travelling is an effective way to relax. I have travelled to many places and really feel that the benefits have been huge. 5 这次故乡之行让我想起了我小时候在那里度过的快乐时光。The trip back to my home town reminded me of the happy days I spent there when I was a child. 1 我们消耗的能量越多，造成的污染也可能越多。The more energy we consume, the more pollution we are likely to produce. 2 事实证明宣传活动是成功的，它把人们的注意力吸引到环境保护上来。The publicity campaign turned out to be quite successful in drawing people’s attention to environmental protection. 3 事实是，不可再生资源正日益枯竭；如何满足未来的能源需求是科学家高度关心的问题。The fact is that we are running out of non-renewable resources. How to meet our energy needs in the future is a major concern for scientists. 4 按照目前的能源消耗速度，能源短缺是不可避免的。At the present pace we consume energy, an energy shortage is inevitable. 5 离开家前，要记得关掉电视和电脑等电器。Always remember to switch off electrical equipment like TVs and computers before you leave the house.

大学英语5_汉译英

掌握大量的词汇对于达到一门外语的流利程度是至关重要的。一个非官方的但却是经常被引用的有关剑桥初级证书英语考试（Cambridge First Certificate Examination）的数字表明，词汇量少于三千五百词的学生不大有可能在这项考试中成功。最近的研究也表明，其母语为英语的受教育至18岁或18岁以上的人至少认识一万六千个英语词。除非你已经会讲一种像西班牙语或德语这样的语言，要获得大的英语词汇是没有捷径可走的：你就得依靠勤奋和专注。当然，你可以从上下文猜出你阅读中遇到的一些生词的意思，但往往你得查词典才能搞清它们确切意思。一个切实可行的学习新词的方法或许就是大量阅读，最好是读那些你觉得有趣或刺激的故事。反复阅读同一本书常常是很有好处的：你每读一次都会学到不同的生词，而熟悉的背景又有助于将这些新词牢牢地印在你的脑海中。 Mastering a large number of words is essential to achieving fluency in a foreign language. An unofficial, but often quoted, figure for the Cambridge First Certificate examination suggests that students with a vocabulary of less than 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam. Current research also suggests that native English speakers who have been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16,000 English words. And unless you already speak a language like Spanish or German, there are no shortcuts to a large vocabulary in English: you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. Of course you can figure out from the context the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. A practicable way to pick up new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting. It often pays to read the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind.

综合教程翻译答案

综合教程翻译答案 Unit1 1.听到她屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过（distress） It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failure. 2.他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副高兴的样子（assume） He assured an air for cheerfulness,even though he lost favor with his boss. 3.格列佛（Gulliver）经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异的人物（assortment）Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and saw a strange assortment of people. 4.如果你再犯同样的错误，他会很生你气的（furious） He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake. 5.我们都被他坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引（draw）We were all greatly drawn by his frank views,humorous words and genial manner. 6.等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位诺贝尔奖获得者开始演讲（die down）After cheers and applause died down,the Nobel Prize Winner began his speech.

7.他天生有一种特别的洞察力和预见力，因此，他很少随大流（run with the crowd） He is gifted with a sore of insight and foresight,so he rarely runs with the crowd. 8.我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活（live up to） I feel realities are after all very harsh,so one can hardly live up entirely to his ideals. Unit2 1.我的顶头上司是典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作10小时以上（workaholic） My immediate boss is a typical workaholic,for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round. 2.校长十分注重课外活动，他认为课外活动有助于培养学生对外部世界的浓厚兴趣（extracurricular） The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes that they will help to cultivate students'tremendous interest in the external world. 3.星期一早上，他总是快速冲个澡，胡乱吃块三明治，拦辆出租车去上班（grab）He always grabs a shower,a sandwich and then a taxi to go to work