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Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,

younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.

Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life,

including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties.

But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.

Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,

to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,

to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,

to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,

and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.

From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession,

those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life,

from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.

Young and old converge on one key point:

Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.

Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today,

big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life”

face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.

Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.

Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college.

Even now that he is working steadily, he said.”

I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.”

Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.”

I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,”Schneider said.

“I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”

一项最新的民意调查发现，面对经济和人口结构的巨大变化，

年轻的美国人正在寻找21世纪的成功之道。

纵观历代美国人，他们仍然推崇很多不变的成功生活的传统里程碑，

包括结婚、生子、安家落户和在60多岁的时候退休。

尽管年轻人和老年人通常对于什么构成了充实人生的终点持相同意见，

但他们就实现充实人生的方式有着截然不同的看法。

该调查发现，比起老年人，那些仍然处在生活起跑线的年轻人更加推崇他们在工作中的个人成就，

更加认同通过定期换工作来推进职业生涯，

更喜欢具备更多公共服务的社区和更加快节奏的生活，

更坚信夫妻在结婚或者抚育孩子之前应该有经济上的保障，

更主张父母双方都在外工作才可给孩子提供最好的生活。

从职业到社区到家庭，这些鲜明的对比表明，在严重的经济大萧条的余波之后，

那些人生刚刚起步的人正在明确需要优先处理的重要事项和期望，它们几乎会逐渐延伸至美国生活的方方面面，

小到消费者喜好到住房模式，大到政治。

年轻人和老年人在关键的一点上见解相同：

两个阵营的绝大多数人都认为，比起前几代人，今天年轻人的人生起步更加艰难。

尽管相比他们的长辈，对于现在处于起步阶段的人的前景，在某种程度上年轻人更加乐观一些，

但两个阵营的多数人都认为，相比之前的几代人，“人生刚刚起步”的人在获得诸如

拥有薪酬丰厚的工作、成家、管理债务以及找到经济适用的住房等标志性成就上会更加困难。

皮特·施耐德认为，现今这段攀登之路更加艰难。

施耐德是一位来自芝加哥郊区的27岁的汽车技师。他说自己从大学毕业后就努力找工作。

即使现在他工作稳定，

他说：“我自己负担不起每月的住房贷款，所以我不得不把房子出租给别人，这样才能支付月供。”

回首以前，他感到不可思议：在他年轻的时候，他的父母居然有能力给他们的孩子提供一个舒适的生活，即使他们没有一个上过大学。

施耐德说：“我的父母没有大学文凭，但我依旧能成长在一个中产阶级偏上的家庭，

我认为现在的人们再也无法做到了。”

重点单词

affordable[?’f?:d?bl]adj. 支付得起的，不太昂贵的

mortgage[‘m?:gid?]n. 按揭，抵押贷款

vt. 抵押

spread[spred]v. 伸展，展开，传播，散布，铺开，涂撒

community[k?’mju:niti]n. 社区，社会，团体，共同体，公众，[生]群落survey[s?:’vei]v. 调查，检查，测量，勘定，纵览，环视

capable[‘keip?bl]adj. 有能力的，足以胜任的，有... 倾向的prospectsn. 预期;前景;潜在顾客;远景展望

overwhelming[‘?uv?’welmi?]adj. 势不可挡的，压倒的

retiring[ri’tai?ri?]adj. 腼腆的，隐居的，不喜社交的动词retire的fulfillment[ful’film?nt]n. 满足，完成，履行

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2016 英语（一）阅读理解 Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially

2016考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)分析

2016考研英语二真题及答案（完整版） 分析 2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及答案 （完整版） （注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too. Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. 7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8. But it is really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.'' The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Firms seem to invest more in places. 17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to