精选中考零距离2017中考英语专题复习被动语态语法考点精讲 真题精炼

被动语态

考点一被动语态的用法

被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。被动语态常用于以下场合：

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如：

My bike was stolen yesterday. 昨天我的自行车被偷了。(并不知道是谁偷了我的自行车)

A knife is used for cutting things.

刀是用来切东西的。(不必说明刀子被谁用)

(2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。如：

The pen was used by my father.

这支钢笔是我父亲使用过的。

The seat has been taken by Tom.

这个座位被汤姆占了。

【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take place 等，没有被动语态。

例I can’t understand what the book is about because it in English.

A. writes

B. will write

C. will be written

D. is written

解析：句意：我不理解这本书是关于什么的，因为它是用英语写成的。此句中的it代替the book，是write这一动作的承受者，应用被动语态。所以选D。答案：D

考点二主动语态变为被动语态的方法

1. 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤

主动语态变为被动语态时，通常遵循以下三个步骤：

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把主动语态的谓语动词改为与其时态相对应的被动形式，且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。

(3)将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语，置于句后。“by+宾语”在句中常省略。

请对比下面的主动句和被动句：

主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China.

被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by themin the southeast of China.

2. 常考的几种被动结构

“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表：

这儿的人不说英语。

This book was written by Lu Xun.

这本书是鲁迅写的。

Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever.

雷锋将永远铭记在我们心中。

Many trees are being cut down now.

现在许多树正在被砍伐。

Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

人造卫星已被许多国家发射到太空中去。

All the exercises must be finished before school is over. 所有这些习题必须在放学前做完。

例1 Our teacher says that the classroom must every day.

A. clean

B. will clean

C. be cleaning

D. be cleaned

解析：句意：我们老师说教室必须每天打扫。句子要用被动语态，即“be+动词的过去分词”，而且句中有情态动词must，be动词用原形，故此题选D。

答案：D

例2 —Can I have my mobile phone back? I need it now.

—OK，here it is. It just before you arrived.

A. mended

B. is mended

C. was mended

解析：句意：“我能把我的手机拿回来吗? 我现在需要它。”“好的，给你。在你到之前，它刚刚被修好。”此题考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知选C。答案：C

考点三含双宾语的主动语态变被动语态

含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时有两种方式：

1. 通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保持不变。如：

He told us a story.

→We were told a story(by him).

My father gave me a new pen.

→I was given a new pen by my father.

2. 如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前有时要加介词to(在send，pass，write，give，show，bring等动词之后)或for(在buy，cook，make，order，choose等动词之后)。如：

My teacher gave me some advice.

→Some advice was given to me by my teacher.

My father bought me a new watch.

→A new watch was bought for me by my father.

例My father bought me a book yesterday. (改为被动语态)

A book me yesterday.

解析：这是将含双宾语的主动句变成被动句。要注意加介词for。答案：was bought for

考点四含复合宾语的主动句变被动句

1. 含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时，要将其中的宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不变。

Jim asked Tom to go for a walk.

→Tom was asked by Jim to go for a walk.

2. 在主动句中，一些感官动词和使役动词，如hear，watch，see，feel，notice，listen to，look at，let，make，have和动词help等后面的宾语补足语是动词不定式时，主动语态中要省去to，但在变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要补出。这正是：“感使动词好奇怪，to来to去费神猜。主动句里to拿走，被动句中to回来”。

We often hear her sing in the room.

→She is often heard to sing in the room (by us).

The boss made them work for 16 hours a day.

→They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss).

例The girl was often heard happily in her room.

A. sing

B. to sing

C. singing

D. sings

解析：hear sb. do sth. “听见某人做了某事”，它的被动结构为sb. be heard to do sth. 。故本题答案选B。答案：B

考点五短语动词的被动形式

许多不及物动词加介词或副词后构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。在变为被动语态的时候，不能把短语动词分开，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。如：

He always takes care of his sister.

→His sister is always taken care of (by him).

She turned off the radio.

→The radio was turned off (by her).

例Don’t worry. All the children by the nurses.

A. are well taken care of

B. take good care of

C. are taken good care of

D. take good care

解析：take good care of“照顾好”，它的被动结构为be taken good care of。故本题答案选C。答案：C

考点六主动形式表被动意义

在有些情况下，我们要用动词的主动形式来表达被动意义。这些情况主要有以下几种：

1. 动词need，want以及短语be(well)worth 等后常接动名词的主动形式，表示被动含义。如：

The room needs cleaning. 这个房间需要打扫。

My coat wants washing. 我的外套需要洗。

The piece of music is worth listening to.

这首曲子值得听。

【注意】动词need，want后接动名词表被动，句子的主语为物时，后面的动名词相当于动词不定式的被动结构。如：

My coat wants washing. =My coat wants to be washed.

2. 某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词，如write，wash，sell，read，clean，cook 等，常和副词well或easily连用，用主动形式表被动意义。这些动词在这种情况下，一般用作不及物动词。如：

The pen writes well. 这支钢笔写起来流畅。

1. (2016·北京)A new road near my school next year.

A. builds

B. will build

C. is built

D. will be built

D

句意：靠近我校的一条新的公路明年将会建成。由标志词 next year 可知，时态为一般将来时 will do/be going to do。又由a new road和build之间是被动关系可知，谓语动词用被动语态“be done”。故选D。

2. (2016·天津)Paper first about 2，000 years ago in China.

A. is;creating

B. is;created

C. has;created

D. was;created

D

首先，句中的... ago是一般过去时的标志；其次，“纸”和“制造”之间是被动关系。因此本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是：was/were + 过去分词。故选D。

3. (2016·重庆)—Mom，where is my model plane?

—Oh，it to Jenny yesterday.

A. is lent

B. lends

C. was lent

D. lent

C

题干中it作主语，与lend是被动关系，应用被动语态，即“被送给……”；又由yesterday 可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选C。

4. (2016·广东)He Jiang to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.

A. invites

B. invited

C. is invited

D. was invited

D

句意：上个月贺江被邀请在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上作报告。根据last month可知应用一般过去时态，又根据He Jiang与invite为被动关系知用被动语态，故答案选D。

5. (2016·河北)Emily is glad that she for her honesty at that meeting.

A. praises

B. praised

C. is praised

D. was praised

D

句意：埃米莉很高兴在那次会议上她因诚实被表扬。praises为动词的第三人称单数形式；praised表示一般过去时；is praised是一般现在时的被动语态；was praised是一般过去时的被动语态。根据语境可知被表扬发生在过去，故选D。

6. (2016·江苏南京)It’s reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre in September this year.

A. completes

B. is completed

C. will complete

D. will be completed

D

句意：据报道，江苏大剧院于今年九月份。由句中的时间状语this year知，用一般将来时态，又由句意知，用被动语态。故选D。

7. (2016·山东泰安)More chances for students to learn from each other if working in groups.

A. provide

B. are provided

C. provided

D. will provide

B

句中主语more chances与动词provide之间为被动关系，句子应用被动语态，故选B。句意：小组合作会给学生提供更多相互学习的机会。

8. (2016·青海西宁)—I want to borrow the book，but I don’t know how long it may . —For two weeks.

A. borrow

B. be borrowed

C. keep

D. be kept

D

句意：“我想借这本书，但是我不知道能够借多久。”“两周。”结合语境可知宾语从句中主语是动作的承受者，故用被动语态。选项B表示瞬间动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，故选D。

9. (2016·江苏泰州)Lunar Probe(月球探测器) Chang’e-5 into space this year. It will land on the moon and return with lunar samples(样品).

A. sends

B. will be sent

C. will send

D. is sent

B

句意：月球探测器嫦娥5号将会在今年被送入太空。它将登陆月球并在返回时带回月球样品。根据后句中的will land可知要用将来时态，主语为物，与动词send是被动关系，要用被动语态，故选B。

10. (2016·广西贵港)—The children to follow the rules from a young age.

—I agree.

A. educated

B. educate

C. should educate

D. should be educated

D

句意：“应该教育孩子从小遵守规则。”“我同意。”分析句意可推知：强调动作执行者，且用于提出建议，故用被动语态should be educated表示。

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马上就要中考了，祝大家中考都考上一个理想的高中！欢迎同学们下载，希望能帮助到你们！ 2020最新中考英语语法知识点汇总

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中考复习之词汇运用 词汇运用题：考查学生对单词的拼写能力，以及词形变化、测试内容以实词为主，虚词为辅。 做好这类题，一般应遵循下面几个步骤：第一步读懂句意，判断词性；第二步确定词形；第三步核对答案。 名词：单数、复数、所有格、大写； 动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词形式；（一般现在时用三单；已经有动词用非谓语）形容词：原级、比较级、最高级；（“的”） 副词：原级、比较级、最高级；（“地”） 代词：不定代词、主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词； 数词：基数词、序数词（first, second, third, fourth, fifth） 冠词：a / an / the （首次提到用a / an；特指用the） 连词：and，but，or，because，so，when，where，before，after，if… 介词：at，by，to，in，for，of，on，from，with… 中考复习之选词填空 二、选词填空解题注意事项 1.先对备选词汇的词性作简单标记，如名词(n.)、动词(v.)、形容词(adj.)、副词(adv.)等。同时对词义做初步的理解。 2.根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意固定搭配，根据需要去备选词 汇中寻找匹配的答案。 3.填词过程中注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。为 了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜： 空前空后要注意； “名词”单复数要牢记，还有“'s”不能弃； “动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意三种级； 要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”； 填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。

2017中考英语语法专题详解

2017中考英语语法专题详解 一：名词 专题一名词 1. 名词的数 概述: 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数变化，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。 复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。具体规则如下图： 规则 例词 一般情况下加-s apple-apples, ruler-rulers 以s, x, ch，sh,结尾的加-es bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes 以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再加-es city-cities, county-countries 以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v,再加-es knife-knives, leaf-leaves 以o结尾的，有的词尾加-es，有的加-s

在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下4个：tomato-tomatoes， potato-potatoes Hero-heroes，Negro-Negroes 2) 复数的不规则构成法： a.单复同形的：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量) b. 熟记下列词的复数变化：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-children c. 以man, woman做定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl student-two girl students 3. 不可数名词：不可数名词没有单复数。如：water, meat, air等。在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。 1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。 There is little milk at home. The old man has lots of money. 2) 若要表示不可数名词的数量，应用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式，若数字超过一，量词应用复数形式。如：a glass of water-two glasses of water, a piece of bread-two pieces of bread