八年级英语下册 现在完成时态的讲解与练习 人教新目标版

现在完成时讲解与练习

1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。

2.用法

（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。\

如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）

I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。

3．结构

1）．陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t.

2）．一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？

3）．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它？

eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet.

Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet.

（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

4.现在完成时的时间状语

（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如

-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：

I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few years.近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如

-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗？我没有。

How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？

（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back

leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be out

finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或be a member of…

close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy →have

catch(a cold)→have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。

5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：

I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）

I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）

6.几点注意事项

（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times 等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

现在完成时练习

A）用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。

A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.

A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days.

A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.

A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.

A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once. B）用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。

Where is Jack? He __________ his country. John _______ England since he came back.

How long _____ he _____ this village? The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.

_____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.

I _____ this school since three years ago.

( )1.Jim's been to the Great wall before ,__________he?

(A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't

( )2.She's never been to England, _______she?

(A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is

( )2.___________has Hanmei been in the library.

(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often

( )3.How long ___he______ the library book .

(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy

( )4.Mr Green isn't in the office , He __________to the library

(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go

( )5.Mr smith _______to Tokyo and he will be back in a week

(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone

( )6.They_________China for two years

(A)have been to (B)have been in (c)have gone to (D)have come to

A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词

①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there

He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.

I moved to the USA last year. I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.

I went home yesterday. I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.

They came here last week. They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.

②come/go back, return →be back come/go out →be out

He came out two years ago. He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.

We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.

③become →be

I became a teacher in 2000. I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.

The river became dirty last year. The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.

④close →be closed open →be open

The shop closed two hours ago. The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________. The door opened at six in the morning. The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

⑤get up →be up die →be dead leave sw. →be away from sw. fall asleep/get tot sleep →be asleep finish/end →be over marry →be married

I got up two hours ago. I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.

He left Fuzhou just now. He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.

My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.

The meeting finished at six. The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.

I got to sleep two hours ago. I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.

They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.

⑥start/begin to do sth. →do sth. begin →be on

I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.

The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.

⑦borrow →keep lose →not have buy →have put on →wear catch/get a cold →have a cold get to know →know

They borrowed it last week. They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.

I bought a pen two hours ago. I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.

I got to know him last year. I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.

I put on my glasses three years ago. I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.

⑧have/has gone to →have been in

He has gone to Beijing. He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.

⑨join the league/the Party/the army →be a league/a Party member/a soldier→be a member of the league/the Party

→be in the league/the Party/the army

He joined the league in 2002. He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.

He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.

He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.

My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _________ ________ a ________ for _________ ___________. My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.

( )2.Herfather ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years

(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died

( )3.I have _____this nice watch for two years (A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend

( )4.He _____his home for ten years

(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from

( )5.He _____a league member for three years

(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become

( )6.Lihua's brother has _______for two years

(A)joined the army (B)been an army (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army

( )7.He hasn't _____Quanzhou ever since he left school

(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away

( )1. ——Have you finished your homework——Yes, I _______it last night

(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish

( )2.—— ________you ever _______to Nanjing ——Yes, I ______there last year.

(A)Have…gone, have gone (B)Have…been , went(C)Did…go, went (D)Did…go, has , been ( )3.——When _______you ________Lucy in New York? ——I _________here for two years

(A)did…meet, haven't seen (B)did…meet, haven't seen(C)did…meet, don't see (D)would…meet, hadn't seen ( )4.when_ you to Beijing?

( )3.He ______finished his homework. yet

(A)doesn’t (B)haven’t (C) hasn’t (D) doesn’t have

( )1.——Have you ________traveled on the train. ——Yes, I have.

(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet

( )2.——Have you finished your homework ——Not__________ .

(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just

( )3. We haven't finished our homework .(A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never ( )4.——Have you__________ learned English?——Yes, I've ________learned a lot.

(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever

( )5.——Have you finished your homework ________?——Yes, I've _____done that

(A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just

( )6.John's father _______borrowed some pictures

(A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yet

A）用since和for填空

1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999

5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’cloc k 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here

B）用since和for填空

1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.

2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.

5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

1.I've been like this ever since _________ (A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week ( )

2.My mother has worked in this factory _____2 years. (A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since

( )3. I haven't heard from him ______last week.(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before

( )4.His father joined the party_________

(A)for three years (B)since three years ago (C)three years ago (D)in two years' time

1. – Where is Mr. Liu? ----- He _______the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in

2. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________?

A. so they

B. don’t they

C. have they

D. haven’t they

3. I like Hainan. I ________there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone

4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.

A. have been to

B. have been in

C. have been

D. have gone

5.- How long ______you_______ your dictionary? - About two months.

A. did; buy

B. have; get

C. have; had

D. have; bought

6. He tells me he________ China for over five years.

A. has been

B. has been in

C. has been to

D. has gone to

7.________has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to China?

A. How soon , comes

B. How often, got

C. How long , came

D. How far, arrived

8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

9. He has never surfed, __________(改成反意疑问句）?

10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问) __________ have they been here?

11. The old man _________last year. He________ for a year.(die)

12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变) This factory _________ for twenty years.

13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）Miss Gao___________ an __________hour ago.

14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）

_________ two years________ the Green family moved to France.

15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）

现在完成时与中考题选择填空。

1．I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市）

A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard

2．—Where have you _______ these days？—I have to Dazhu with my friends．（重庆市）

A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone

3．How long have you _______ this book？（哈尔滨市）A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent

4．—Where's Peter？—He _______ to Nanjing．（沈阳市）A．is going B．has been C．has gone D．went 5．You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_______ ？（河北省）

A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don't you

6．We have lived here _______ five years ago．（河南省）A．when B．since C．before D．after

7．—I have watched the game．—When you _______ it？（长沙市）

A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch

8．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？—Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city．（江西省）

A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited

9．The old people _______ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week．（广州市）

A．don't feel B．hasn't felt C．haven't felt D．didn't feel

10．My grandfather_______ in the small town all his life．He always says he likes the town．（四川省）

A．lived B．have lived C．has lived D．is living

11．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．（贵阳市）A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone 12．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came to Yunnan．（昆明市）

A．after B．before C．since D．for

13．His grandpa _______ for two years．（广西）A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died 14．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？—Yes，I_______ there with my family last August．（海南省）A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in

15．His sister _______ her hometown for three years．She'll return next year．（合肥市）

A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from

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