EU Energy Labelling Space and Combined Heater

Air-to-water heat pumps and brine-to-water heat pumps

So far, no common European regulation has been adopted for the area covered by Lot 1 "Space heaters and combination heaters", which includes air-to-water and brine-to-water heat pumps. However, specific proposals have been drafted and updated documents were released on 2 February, on which the following is based. The regulation is expected to be adopted in 2012. Furthermore, the requirements will most likely become applicable two years after the adoption. Expected implementation is shown in the following figure.

空气源和盐水源热泵热水器

到目前为止，还没有普通的欧洲规章适用于“采暖热水器和组合式热水器”这个领域，这其中包括了空气源和盐水源热泵。然而，特定的提议已于2月2日起草完成并更新。这个新的规章预计在2012年批准。进一步来说，这些很有可能在批准的两年后实施。预计将按下图执行。

Figure 1: Expected timetable for implementation of energy efficiency requirements and energy labels for air-to-water and

brine-to-water heat pumps

图1:对于能效要求执行和空气源和盐水源热泵热水器能源标签的预计时间表

Air-to-water and brine-to-water heat pumps will be compared across heating technologies and will therefore be assessed according to the same energy labelling scale as, for example, oil-fired boilers and gas-fired boilers. However, a special energy labelling scale has been made for heat pumps for low-temperature systems, such as under floor heating.

空气源和盐水源热泵热水器将于同类制热技术相比较，并且根据相同的能源标签等级进行评估，比如燃油锅炉、燃气锅炉。然而，对于温度较低的热泵系统，例如地暖热泵，制定了一个特殊的能源标签等级。

This is due to the fact that the output temperature plays a significant role for the energy efficiency of the heat pumps. The requirements have been determined for under floor heating with a design flow temperature of 35?C, corresponding to "low temperature" in the EN14825 standard. The comprehensive energy label is designed for radiator systems with design temperatures of 55 ?C.

这是由于出水温度对于热泵的能效来说，扮演着显著的角色。地暖热泵的要求定于在设计流量下温度为35?C，符合EN14825标准对于“低温”的描述。而通常的能源标签适用于设计温度为55 ?C 的暖气片系统。

Conversely, different ecodesign requirements are set for gas and oil boilers, electrical boilers and heat pumps for different output temperatures.

相反的，对于燃气/燃油锅炉，电热水器和热泵的不同出水温度，有着不同的环保设计要求。

The following analysis focuses solely on space heating and not heating of sanitary hot water. The proposal for the EU regulations provides for labelling of combined sanitary hot water and space heating. 以下分析仅针对于空间采暖和非热泵热水器的制热。欧洲规章的提议对于联合的卫生热水和空间采暖贴标方法。

In order to compare energy input across different technologies, an energy efficiency factor for space heating is applied known as "Seasonal space heating energy efficiency" as a benchmark (referred to as

ηs in the figures). The factor describes the heat output compared to the energy input. For electricity, a conversion factor of 2.5 is used as input, known as the primary energy factor (PEF), where the calculated SCOP value is divided by the PEF value on the assumption that it takes 2.5 energy units of primary fuel to produce 1 energy unit of electricity.

为了对比不同技术之间能耗的差异，采用了一个空间采暖的能效因子，被称为“空间采暖季节能效比”，作为对比基准(参加图中的ηs)。该因子描述了热量输出与热量输入的对比。对于电来

说，以2.5的转化因子作为输入，称为主要能源因子PEF，计算出的SCOP值除以PEF值，这是建立在消耗2.5个主要能量单位来产生1个能量单位的电这个假设基础上的。

55 ?C35 ?C

2016

Similarly, a number of energy classes based on SCOP values will be introduced. Energy efficiency classes for radiator heating are shown to the left and underfloor heating (low temperature) to the right.

类似的，基于SCOP值得一组能效等级将被引入。适用于散热片制热的能效等级在左边，地暖(低温)的在右边。

A+++

A++

D

C

B

A

A+

E

F

G

A+++A++D C B A A+E F G

Figure 2: Scales for energy labelling of air-to-water and brine-to-water heat pumps for 55 ? C (left) and 35 ?C (right)

图2：空气源和盐水源热泵热水器的能源标签等级标签（55 ? C 左边，35? C 右边）

In addition, there are two correction factors that influence the calculation of ηs in relation to SCOP. Due to temperature regulation, 3% is deducted for heat pumps. Due to energy consumption for geothermal heating, a further 5% is deducted for brine-to-water heat pumps alone. Therefore, the calculation of ηs is as follows:

另外，有两个修正因子对SCOP 相关的ηs 的计算有影响。根据温度规章，对于热泵3%将被扣除。而根据地热的能源消耗，而单对于盐水源热泵额外的5%将被扣除。因此，ηs 的计算如下：

Air-to-water heat pumps(空气源热泵):

Brine-to-water heat pumps(盐水源热泵):

Correction factors have not been included in SCOP in figure 9. To find the exact corresponding SCOP, the shown SCOP should be added 0,075 for air- to – water heat pumps and the SCOP value for brine-to –water heat pumps should be added 0,075 + 0,125.

在图9所示的SCOP 已经包括了修正因子。为了获得精确对应的SCOP ，显示的SCOP 应当增加0.075对于空气源热泵，对于盐水源热泵增加0.075+0.125。

The magnitude of these requirements and energy efficiency classes is assessed by calculating SCOP values for selected heat pumps that comply with the requirements of the Danish building regulation 2010. The requirements of Building regulation 2010 are based on a nominal energy efficiency which is calculated on the basis of four or five full load test points.

这些要求和能效等级的重点是计算SCOP 值，所选择的热泵符合2010年丹麦建筑规章的要求。2010年丹麦建筑规章的要求是基于名义能效，该能效是基于4或5个满负荷测试点。

In the following, calculations and results are reviewed for air-to-water and brine-to-water heat pumps, respectively, as well as for, radiators and underfloor heating. Since the nominal energy efficiency is based on other test points than SCOP, the values for the calculations have been interpolated and extrapolated.

以下计算和结果分别对应空气源和盐水源热泵，同样也对应散热片和地暖。名义能效是基于其他测试点而非SCOP，计算值是经过插值和推算出的。

The following has been assumed: a crankcase heater consumption of 15W, a thermostat off consumption of 2W and an off consumption of 1W for all sizes of heat pumps. This means that these consumptions are more significant for smaller heat pumps than large heat pumps. For instance, this means a reduction in SCOP of approx. 1.3% for a heat pump with a nominal capacity of 6kW, compared with a reduction in SCOP of approx. 0.5% for a heat pump with a capacity of 13kW. Furthermore, calculations are based on full load data in accordance with the calculation method. SCOP values will be slightly higher if part load tests are conducted for frequency controlled heat pumps.

以下是假定：对所有大小的热泵来说，曲轴箱加热器消耗15W，恒温开关消耗2W，普通开关消耗1W。这意味着，这些能耗对于小型热泵比大型热泵的影响更显著。例如，名义能力为5kW的热泵的SCOP会降低约1.3%，而对于名义能力为13kW的热泵仅降低0.5%。再者，计算是基于满负荷运行数据的。对于变频热泵来说如果采用部分负荷的话，SCOP值会略微高一点。

For further information about the SCOP calculation method, please see "Calculation of SCOP for heat pumps according to EN 14825".

关于SCOP计算方法的更多信息，参见EN14825中“热泵SCOP的计算”。

Expected design of energy labels

能源标签的预期设计

In the proposal for energy labelling of space heaters and combinations send in inter-service consultation by the EU commission it is proposed to introduced t he energy label for the product in two phases, with the A+++ class being introduced after four years the regulation enter into force. The first energy labels to be introduced two years after the entry into force will range from A++ to G, while the other energy label ranges from A+++ to D.

由欧洲委员会提议的空间采暖和多功能制热的能源标签，将分为两个阶段来实施。A+++级将在规章强制执行的4年后引入。第一个能源标签将在规章强制执行的2年后引入，范围是A++到G，而另一个阶段(指第二阶段)的范围是A+++到D。

Moreover, there will be two different energy labels for radiator heating and under floor heating, respectively. These two labels are shown in figure 3 and 4 below.

将有两种能源标签分别对应散热片制热和地暖。这两种标签参见下面的图3和图4。

The energy label shows the energy efficiency class for radiator heating and under floor heating, respectively.

能源标签相应的显示了散热片制热和地暖的能效等级。

Additionally, heating capacity, including electrical backup at design temperature in the different climate zones, is indicated in the box below. This figure reflects the heating demand used in the calculations at design outdoor temperatures. These values may be a dimensioning parameter, since consumers can

look for heat pumps that match their needs at a

given temperature.

另外，不同气候地区的设计温度下的制热量(包括

辅助电加热)显示在下面的方框里。这个图像反映

了设计室外温度下制热需求。这些值可以作为选

择大小的参数，因为消费者可以通过它来找到符

合他们给定温度下制热需求的热泵。

In previous proposal for the design of the energy

labelling, energy efficiency should also be indicated;

similarly to the label for air to air heat pumps,

however, these are not indicated by the label in its

current design.

在以前的关于能源标签的提议中，能效值夜要标

出；与制热空调类似，然而这些在目前的标签设

计中不需要标出。

The information on the energy efficiency of the heat

pump gives the consumer a chance to compare

different heat pumps in the same energy class. This is

especially important when the energy classes are as

big as 25-40% which is the case for heat pumps.

热泵的能效信息给消费者提供一个方式来对比同

样能效等级的不同热泵之间的差异。这在能效等

级之间的差异较大时(比如25`40%)显得尤其重

要。

The energy label also shows the noise level of the indoor part and outdoor part, respectively.

能源标签也可以分别显示户外和户内的噪音等级。

Figure 3: First energy label for air-to-water and brine-to-water heat pumps for radiator heating and underfloor heating 图3：散热片和地暖空气源和盐水源热泵的能源标签

If the heat pump can only produce low-temperature heating (underfloor heating), the energy label below should be used.

如果热泵仅用于产生低水温(地暖)，以下能源标签将适用。

Figure 4: First energy label for air-to-water and brine-to-water heat pumps

for only low temperature heating (under floor heating)

图4：低水温制热(地暖)空气源和盐水源热泵的能源标签

The energy labels shown below will be introduced two years

later.

以下能源标签将在两年后引入。