文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 考研词汇长难句讲义-屠皓民

考研词汇长难句讲义-屠皓民

考研词汇长难句讲义-屠皓民
考研词汇长难句讲义-屠皓民

海天考研词汇长难句讲义

屠皓民

1.With regard to Futurist poetry, however,the case is rather difficult,for whatever

Futurist notary may be ——even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right —— it can hardly be classed as Literature.

2.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary

mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the modes by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.

3.Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary

reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.

4.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not

only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

5.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out

what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.

6.It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves

railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.

7.By contrast,they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750,when

England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

8.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul crushingly hard,

Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”

9.Often it’s the delivery that causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and

remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a lighthearted remark.

10.Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant

respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.

11.Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world

to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

12.Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins,

it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.

13.The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,

market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

14.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,

coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

15.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,

this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.

16.However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and

humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

17.They are the possessions of the autonomous man of traditional theory, and they are

essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

18.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years,

their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

19.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they should n’t have had kids, but

unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.

20.The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we

think and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications.

21.Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For

example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.

22.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from

gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

23.As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-

standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.

24.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to

the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

何凯文考研英语长难句精讲完备讲义(完美打印版)

考研英语长难句突破讲义 适用对象:考研学子,四级,六级英语学习或相当者。 课程目的:打破英语阅读学习的幻觉,真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户,人生从此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。 课程安排:方法论讲解;难句解析;考试实战演练 第一部分方法论讲解 引子我们为什么要精读句子 1.精读能力的要求(消除障碍的阅读) 自由笔记区目标:准确【重要】精读 2.泛读能力的要求(广泛获取信息的阅读) 目标:快速 技能:高职 阅读的实际过程是什么知识:本科 Input(英文)-mind(句子层面)-output(中文)思维:研究生 思想:博士 阅读在句子层面的障碍 1.含义 2.语序 简单句的障碍来源 简单句:只有一套谓语的句子 基本句型包括:主+谓,主+谓+宾,主+谓+双宾,主+谓+宾+宾补,主+系+表 定语,状语,同位语,插入语 简单句的障碍识别及处理方法 定语:在句子中修饰名词的成分problem-定义-细化-solution(思维方式) 前置定语:adj+名词 后置定语: 形容词短语:形容词+介词+名词this is a book useful for your future Ving a woman walked on the road Ved a painting painted by Jane n. + to do a way to solve the problem 介词短语:介词+名词a bottle of water on the table 表语形容词:alive a cat alive 解决方案:前置P.S:I want to be part of something big. Something属于不定代词。 【不定代词定语置后】 定语从句(不属于简单句范畴) 关系代词:人称代词:who whom which that as +非完整句 引导词物主代词:whose +完整句

考研英语长难句解析

考研英语长难句解析 长难句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Stre et Bank ruling. (2010 Text2) 难句分析 主句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order 主语谓语宾语 宾语从句1 that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges 从属连词主语谓语宾语 宾语从句2 that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its 从属连词主语定语从句系动词表语从句

本句为多重复合句,句子主干为The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order,stating that...and that...现在分词短语作宾语order的后置定语,说明order的内容。其中stating后面由and并列两个that引导的宾语从句,从句1中由并列连词rather than并列两个名词短语all 12 of th e court’s judges和a typical panel of three,作by的宾语。从句2中主语one issue后面是省略引导词that的定语从句,表语是whether引导的表语从句。

考研英语真题学习考研英语长难句300句

2005 Part A Text 2 6. Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?人生中最幸福的就是身体健康 【译文】还记得科学家们宣扬吸烟会致人死亡,而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗?还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据,科学也不确定的时候吗?还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是决心摧毁我们的生活方式,而政府应该置身事外的时候吗? 【析句】这里有三个问句,第一个问句的结构比较明了,而后两个问句则省略了Do you remember… insisted,只有两个由that引导的宾语从句。注意英语中,常会省略并列结构中的相同成分。 【讲词】 lobby作名词时意为“大厅”,作动词时表示“游说”。The President lobbied the bill through Congress.(总统游说国会通过这项提案。)作动词的lobby 其名词形式可以是lobbying(游说,院外活动),也可以是lobby。进行院外活动的人、进行疏通的人或说客,英文叫lobbyer或lobbyist。out to(d o…)“力图要……的”。 7. There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. 【译文】科学家们一波接着一波,试图告诫我们要认清全球气候变暖正在带来日益严重的威胁,在此情形之下现在又出现了令人不安的类似事情。 【析句】 as在句中是连接词,引导一个从句,说明在什么背景之下又出现了类似的事情。在这样的结构中,as可以翻成“当(在)……时候”,或者适度对句子进行调整。不管怎样,应该清楚There are upsetting parallels today是主句,是全句的核心。

考研英语长难句精读

1. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团,他们告诉我们,地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖,而这个问题主要是人为造成的。【析句】句子的主干是The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Science s to tell us that...and that...。主系表容易辨认,to tell us作目的状语,两个并列的that引导tell的宾语从句。令整个句子略显复杂的是插入语enlisted by the Whi te House,割裂了这句话的整体性。 2. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导,关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时,应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。【析句】首先,句子的主干science does provide us...future and it is critica l...。and连接两个并列的句子,前句是个简单句,容易理解;后句中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句,因为从句很长,若放在句首,句子则显得头重脚轻。t hat主语从句中,our nation and the world 是主语,base是谓语,important policies是宾语,on the best judgments 是宾语补足语,而judgments后有that引导的定语从句。注意,concerning the futrue...actions中的concerning此处是介词,意为“关于,就……而论”。 3. Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. (2005. 阅读. T ext 2) 【译文】就像吸烟问题一样,来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断地排放气体。【析句】句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters,insiting that...,that... 中,insisting是现在分词作定语,相当于that insist; 两个that引导的都是宾语从句,作insist的宾语。第二个that从句中,还包含until引导的时间状语从句。 1. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in

考研英语长难句分析之_特殊句式

第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析 1.简单句、并列句、复合句 从句: 名词性:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性:定语从句 副词性:状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式 2.省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构 英语中还有一些特殊句式,出现在阅读理解中,势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是,特殊句式还是有语法规律的,因此,如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律,在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象,障碍就基本克服了。 1.省略句 资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine. Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓,其智乃见。(省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去,避免重复,使句子更简洁,加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺,造成句子不完整,如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分,就容易造成对文章的理解困难。 省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式,其难点在于发现省略成分,一旦找出并补充完整,句意理解就会大大简化。 省略句如果出现在翻译中,在翻译的时候,一定要把省略的部分翻译出来,否则会扣分。A:and 连接的并列句的省略 材料48页:Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.(2002) 分析:很明显,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem,是一个省略句,with 做状语一般表示伴随,这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构,构不成一个完整的句子。实际上,与前句相同的成分才会被省略,前一句的谓语部分是:will continue to be rejected. 所以,后一分句补充完整就是:with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected. 练习:1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons) 2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major ) 3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay. (省略主谓) B:状语从句中的省略 规则:当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候,且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候,从句可省略主谓。See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句 3.If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句) 4.Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句) 5.The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. (比较)真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句,修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作

考研英语长难句经典例子解析

考研英语长难句经典例子解析 来源:文都图书 考研英语的长难句在广大考生心中一直是一个超级大难点,数不清的生词,看不明白的句型和混乱的时态都让考生脑袋大了不止一圈儿,所以今天这篇文章就和大家分享一下攻克长难句的技巧。以《考研英语长难句解密》中的一句超长的长难句为例。 【经典长难句】 The increase in numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of house work and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. 【词汇突破】 have to do with…与…有关 Economic necessity 经济需求 pool of single women workers 单身女工的资源 high marriage rates 高结婚率 【参考译文】20世纪,在家庭外被雇佣的女性人数增加了,这与其说是由于家务活的机器化和闲暇时间的增加,还不如说是由于女性自身的经济需求和由于高结婚率。正是高结婚率减少了单身女工劳动力资源的数量,而在这之前很多情况下,她们是雇主们会雇佣的唯一女性。 像书中的解句顺序一样,攻克长难句首先应该拿下句中的生词和短语,这是基础,是盖房所需的砖瓦,然后再攻克句法,拿下房屋结构,这样再对照参考译文,以前觉得很难的长难句就“柳暗花明又一村”了。希望大家首先消除内心对长难句的恐惧心理,静下心来好好分析,好好学习,争取早日拿下长难句,拿下考研英语!加油!

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析 1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的,然而(我们) 并不清楚,如果顾客受到伤害时,这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。 【分析】在这个主从复合句中,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。主句用了一个形式主语it,真正的主语是that引导的从句,而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成,中间用and连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。注意:many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。 2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport . 【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。 【分析】句子主干结构是Additional social stresses may also occur because of...简单句+ because of表示的原因状语,整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果的原则,将主句放在最后;because of后面有两个宾语the population explosion or problems;名词problems带有现在分词短语作后置定语arising from mass migration movements;themselves指前面的名词短语mass migration movements,后面的过去分词短语是themselves的定语。 3. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. 【译文】新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节,这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”似乎与许多读者的意趣相差甚远。 【分析】主句也是一个there加系动词的用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句的定语从句是which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers。Alien 本义为异国的,此处是相差甚远,背道而驰。如果考生不了解standard templates的意思,可以从上下文中找其相同作用和功能的词组,如上句中的 a story line和backbone,那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。 4. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. 【译文】这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定性的极大关注。 【分析】全句的主干是This phenomenon has created serious concerns。人们的担忧实际包含两个方面(即句子的两个状语):一个是the role (of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen) ,另一个是the ultimate stability (of the world economy) 。但是由于两个状语太长,建议在翻译时调整一下句子的结构,这样句子肯定更通畅些。

考研英语长难句讲义

考研英语长难句突破课程讲义主讲:屠皓民 第一讲句子的基本成分 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语/表语、定语、状语和补语。注:“_____”的部分是主干部分。例:Such characteristics make them perfect candidates. 谓语是整个句子的最重要的部分,也是整个句子的突破口。只有谓语是没有从句的概念的。 一、谓语 1、实义动词,即行为动词,watch, play 及物动词:后面直接宾语 不及物动词:后面加介词+宾语 We have friends all over the world. The examination ended at 11:30 am. They are looking for the lost wallet.. 不及物动词有的时候也可以做及物动词来用,比如close,begin, study, leave, work等 The post offices close at 9:00 o’clock PM. Close the window! 形式变化:时态变化,语态变化,用情态动词+实义动词的原型,情态动词+ have+过去分词形式 2、系动词(构成系表结构) Be动词 持续的系动词:keep,taste,…后面加形容词 He always kept silent at the meeting. The search proved difficult. 二、主语和宾语 (1)认识名词: ①名词是用来表示人,事物,地点,以及抽象事物名称的。比如: 人:John,sister,father 事物:water,air,sun,computer 地点:London,theater 抽象事物:love,happiness,imagination,hope ②名词的数:注意单复数 ③名词的格:‘s以及of 逻辑语义: Rachel:I’m Carol’s ex-husband's sister's roommate. Doctor:I’m your roommate's brother's ex-wife's obstetrician. (产科医生) ——老友记 of: 理清逻辑语义 表示所有关系: 翻译方法:“A of B”翻译成“B的A” The rapidity of the motion of the wing of the hummingbird is remarkable. The coming of age of post-war baby boom brought remarkable influence upon American society. 特殊: China is proud of its five thousand years of the history and culture. (2)语法功能:充当句子中主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语等成分。

2013哈尔滨海天考研阅读长难句讲义(张培) (2)

2013年哈尔滨海天考研英语阅读长难句专项突破 第一部分:本课程基本情况介绍 1、授课时间:1天(大约6小时左右) 2、授课目的:透析长难句的必考点,提升解题能力,最终取得更好的分数 3、授课特点: 1)速度快,笔记多,直击考点,链接考点,扩展内容超多,提高应试综合能力 2)以长难句为基础和核心,串联相关题型必考点(integration teaching) 3)一定要从理论———实践——————理论归纳总结,反复认识,反复实践,这样才能把必考点,核心考点真正学会,单学理论或单学实践都是偏激的,不可取的,两条腿并行,我们一起加油,通过一天的时间,把核心的长难句考点攻破。 4)讲解与练习相结合,必须讲求效率,而不能一味的图快,要做到扎实的基本功。 第二部分:考研英语长难句五大难点与必考点 *考点1:同位语从句: 第一个问题:什么叫做同位语从句?(同位语从句是名词性从句的一种,常常置于fact, news , idea , assumption , belief , theory , possibility , conclusion , suggestion , promise等名词后面,一般用that来引导,但that在整个从句中不做任何成分,但是绝对不能省略。同位语从句的主要作用就是对名词或代词进行进一步的解释,说明,同样属于重点概念。 第二个问题:具体表现形式 第一种:名词+ that + 陈述句(这是同位语从句的基本表现形式) 第二种:名词+其他成分+that +陈述句(这是稍微复杂一点的同位语从句):具体来说,就是同位语从句很可能与其修饰的名词或其他成分隔开,这种被分割开来的情形在考研阅读和翻译文章中非常常见,遇到的时候一定要认真分析,以便正确理解句子的意思,这往往也会对大家的解题与理解构成非常大的障碍。 例1:Generally , there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. 【结构分析】本句的主干是there was a belief ,其后that引导的是一个同位语从句,说明前面的名词belief的具体内容。在同位语从句中,主语和谓语是the new nations should be,其后的形容词large enough to be和integrated by是做状语,对前面从句内容进行补充说明。【核心词汇】sovereign 有主权的,君主的;viable 能养活的,可行的,能生育的;integrate 使一体化;cultural integration 文化融合;a set of 一套; 【参考译文】总的来说,人们认为新的国家应该是独立有主权的国家,这些国家应该足

2018考研英语长难句解析:每日一句(100)_毙考题

下载毙考题APP 免费领取考试干货资料,还有资料商城等你入驻 邀请码:8806 可获得更多福利 2018考研英语长难句解析:每日一句(100) 2011年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension  Part A Text 3 第2段第4句 We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. 译文:我们将这种售出媒介定义为访问量巨大、足以吸引其他机构把内容或电子商务引擎放在上面的自有媒介。 分析:本句的主干为We define such sold media…。宾语后面由as引导的所有内容都是宾语补足语,用于说明such sold media的性质和特征。whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词owned media。该定语从句中包含一个so…that…句型,that引导的从句是该定语从句的结果状语,其中主语为other organizations,谓语为place ,宾语为their content or e-commerce engines,后面还跟了一个地点状语within that environment。 词汇指南 traffic [ tr?fik](n.)交通,通行;交通量(中考词汇)(2011年-阅读3)(traf=drift-漂流,漂泊,fic-词根,做→ 最早的交通方式就是驾船在水上做漂流——即交通,通行,引申出交通量。) e-commerce [ i:k?m?:s](n.)电子商务(超纲词汇)(2011年-阅读3、2013年-阅读2)(e=electron-电子,commerce-贸易,商业→ 电子商务) engine[ end?in](n.)发动机,引擎;火车头(高考词汇)(2012年-阅读3、2011年-阅读3)(有学者认为,enɡine 一词具有拟声色彩,其发音似摩托车发动机高速运转时所发出的声音。) 1个派生词: ●enɡineer [,end?i ni?](n.)技师,工程师(vt.)建造,操纵;策划,设计(中考词汇)(2012年-阅读1)(enɡine-发动机,er-表人→ 能够熟练操作发动机的人——即技师,工程师。) 考点搭配:nuclear engineering 核技术,核工程(2007年-阅读1) 考试使用毙考题,不用再报培训班

2017考研英语长难句课程讲义

考研英语长难句课程讲义 课程简介: 1.内容:考研真题长难句 2.原因:长难句贯穿完形,阅读,翻译,对写作也有借鉴作用 3.目标:看得懂长难句(阅读)?会翻译长难句(翻译)?会写长难句(写作)4.课时安排:8月份5次课 I.理论+区分主从句 II.翻译技巧与定语从句专题 III.名词性从句专题 IV. 长难句中的并列专题 V. 特殊的长难句(倒装句省略句等)和综合练习 学习方法: 1.长“难”句难在哪儿?生词+复杂结构(主从/修饰关系) 2.如何看懂长难句? 两步走:第一步(宏观):分清主句从句 第二步(微观):定位主句和从句内部的修饰成分(定/状语为主) 3.简单复习语法: 谓语与动词的区别:谓语是句子成分,动词是词性,谓语一定是动词。 定语与状语的区别:定语修饰主语和宾语(名/代),状语修饰动词,形容词和句子

什么是简单句? 一切复杂句(并列句/复合句/复杂复合句)都是由五种简单句而来: i.主语+谓语My skin burns. ii.主语+谓语(系动词)+表语I am a teacher./You l ook good. iii.主语+谓语+直接宾语I l ove you. iv.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语The firm gave Sam a watch. v.主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语You make me happy. 什么是并列句? 一般由并列连词and, but, so, yet连接,或者由“;”连接。各个并列句同等重要且独立存在。举例:I know you, and/but/so/yet I hate you. 什么是主从复合句? 形容词性从句(定语从句): 从句作定语,修饰名词,代词或整个句子。先行词和关系代词(引导词)。定语从句常见引导词有which, that, who, whose, whom, when, where, as, whereby 例子:A d octor examined the astronauts who returned from space today. 名词性从句: 主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。名称由来根据该从句所做成分而定,从句做主语就叫主语从句,依此类推。名词性从句常见引导词:which, what, who, whom, that, when, where, how I.表语从句:I am what I am. II. 主语从句:Whether we find a joke funny or not largely d epends on where we have been brought up. III. 宾语从句:Anthropol ogists wond ered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peopl es now living in the Pacific Islands came from. IV. 同位语从句:Peopl e who work in offices are frequently referred to as “white-collar workers” for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.

考研长难句24句

1.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. [句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element… [语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句,难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of 结构限定,并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句,一个是(which was)represen ting… ,另一个是(which was)detached…。 可见,定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构,从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。 [句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离,而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。 [翻译技巧] 实际上定语从句并不符合汉语的使用习惯。所以翻译时遇上定语从句,一定不要机械地按照原来的顺序生搬硬套。像这样分句较长的情况,把主句和分句拆为两句是比较好的方法。所以这里从“这个阶层”开始另起一句。 2.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large. " comfonable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. [句子主干]Towns…sprang up…classes who…, and who… [语法难点]1)有并列从句。分析句子主干很容易看到这也是一个典型的定语从句结构,分句由who…,and who…两个并列结构组成。注意like并不是谓语而是介词短语作定语,真正的主句谓语是sprang of。retire on指“依靠什么而退休(多跟表收入的名词)”。 2)that of drawing dividends 结构中,draw是收取的意思,dividend指红利,that of sth结构是名词性的,that of sth相当于which is结构,目的都是修饰前面的名词。注意后面还有attending…是省略了which were的定语从句,把of sth结构和定语从句交替使用是英语中长难句的惯用手法,目的是避免行文的单调,考生朋友们要注意分辨。 [句子翻译] 像Bournemouth和Eastboune这样的城市兴起了,大批隐退的享乐阶层人士靠自己的收入,在这里过着悠闲的生活。他们与群体之外的人没有联系,只是分取红利,偶尔参加股东会议,对管理人员发号施令。 [翻译技巧]同样是为了避开定语从句,将主句和分句拆为两句。要注意几个短语的理解。retire on依靠……退休/have…relation…to与……有关系/up to 达到……的规模 3.Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. ,like a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. " [句子主干]Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down…, like a …, considering them as…, in which a…” [语法难点]有省略。1)like…分句是省略了who 的主语从句中的分句,considering…分句是现在分词引导的状语从句。这个状语从句可以拿到句首,也可以在句尾。一般来说较长的状

考研英语长难句突破讲义

2012考研英语长难句突破讲义 适用对象:考研学子,四级,六级英语学习或相当英语者。 课程目的:打破英语阅读学习的幻觉,真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户,人生从此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。 第一部分方法论讲解 ?引子我们为什么要精读句子? skimming 自由笔记区 scanning intensive reading ?阅读的实际过程是什么 泛读,寻找具体的信息, ?阅读在句子层面的障碍 ?简单句的障碍来源 : 简单句的障碍来源: 定语:修饰名词 前置定语(前置定于不造成阅读障碍) 前置定于就是个形容词:包括形容词本身,单个的分词,名词。 后置定语 形容词短语:形容词+介词+名词 现在分词短语 n. + 过去分词短语 不定式短语 介词短语 表语形容词 定语的障碍要前置以消除障碍 定语从句(不属于简单句范畴) 定语从句的作用:修饰名词;连接句子(有两个共有名词的句子);表明因果关系 今生:I have three books of which the red is my favorite. 前世:I have three books. The red of those is my favorite.

关系代词:人称代词:who,that,which,whom,as+非完整句 物主代词:whose+完整句 定语从句的连接词:关系连词:when ,where ,why ,how 介词+关系代词:(that、as不能放在介词后面表示定语从句,且in that 等于because) 充当状语时候+完整句; 定语+完整句;宾语/表语+非完整句 定语从句的处理方法: 第一种:拆分(关键点是关联词);第二种,找指代(关系代词指代什么) Eg1.A poem line describes a f ight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river. Eg2. Man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. 同位语 普通同位语: A,B. A or B A of B 句子,—名词(修饰成分) Eg1.Robots will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. 同位语从句 That+完整句 插入语:任何成分都可以充当插入语,但常常是同位语 万能插入语:(阅读时面对插入语和同位语可删除,但是在写作中要尽量多的用插入语,同位语) Rather than: 肯前否后的结构 状语:修饰动词或者整个句子 副词 介词短语 现在分词 过去分词 独立主格 不定 对待状语采取剥离的方式 例1:Using techniques developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger,

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档