中考英语复习-主谓一致和倒装句

主谓一致和倒装句专项

复习

01 命题趋势考标导向化

主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。

02 定义概念清晰化

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。

语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。

03 知识归类知识网络化

，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：

What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。

What she needs are good books.她需要的是一些好书。

2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each,every,many a,no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：

Each boy and each girl has got a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。

【题组训练】

( )1.(2014·黔东南)Climbing hills _____ good for our health.

A.are

B.is

C.was

D.were

( )2.(2014·咸宁)—What are you going to do this weekend?

—I together with my classmates ____ going to climb Mount Qian. A.is B.am C.are D.Were

( )3.(2014·达州)—I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon，but no one answered.

—Sorry，I with my parents______ at that time.

A.was shopping

B.were shopping

C.are shopping

D.went shopping

( )4.(2014·孝感)A number of volunteers ____ from far away cities.

A.is

B.are

C.is come

D.arc come

( )5.(2014·白银)The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors ________ smaller and smaller.

A.become

B.are becoming

C.is becoming

D.have become

分类图解

使用情况例句

使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。His family isn’t large.His family are fond of watching sports programs.

有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me

“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，

作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

The young are energetic.

某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。Half of the work has been finished.

Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.

表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Two pounds isn’t so

heavy.

Two months is a long

holiday.

Ten yuan is enough.

Ten minus five is five.

特例清单

s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United

States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、

山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国

家。

The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the

world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。

2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词

连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，

则谓语动词用单数。如：

None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。

None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.我们班

没有一个学生去过埃及。

3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of

后面的名词的数保持一致。如：

Most of her money is spent on clothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣

服上了。

Half of the students watch TV twice a week.一半的学生一周看

两次电视。

【题组训练】

( )6.(2014·广东)—Do you need more time to complete the task?

—Yes.Another ten days ______ enough.

A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were

( )7.(2014·宜宾)Look! The police _____ the food onto the bank

of the river.

A.am carrying

B.is carrying

C.are carrying

D.are carried

( )8.(2013·广安)—Maths ______ my favorite subject.What about

you?

—Physics _______.I think it’s very interesting.

A.is;is

B.are;are

C.are;is

( )9.(2012·佛山)Thanks to the organization，some money ______

given to the poor children.

A.was

B.were

C.are

( )10.(2012·自贡)—How soon can you finish this job?

—Two days ____ enough for me to finish the work.I need a week.

A.isn’t

B.aren’t

C.is

分类图解

使用情况例句

由or, either…or…, nor,

neither…nor…,whether…or…,not

…but…,not only…but also…等连

词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必

须与它相邻的主语保持一致

Neither you nor he is wrong.

Not only Jim but also his

friends are enjoying the film.

Here/there be句型中句子的主语

在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻

Here are some books and

paper for you.

【题组训练】

( )11.(2014·广安)—Neither Tony nor I ____ interested in playing Weibo.

—You are out.

A.am

B.is

C.are

( )12.(2014·白银)There ______ great changes in such kind of PDAs(掌上电脑)in the last few years.

A.has been

B.have been

C.has had

D.have had

( )13.(2014·济宁)Across from my home，_______ a shop which sells things from foreign countries.

A.it is

B.it has

C.there is

D.that is

( )14.(2014·重庆)There ______ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncle’s farm now.

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.are

( )15.(2013·安顺)Neither my sister nor I ______ been to America before.

A.have ever

B.have never

C.has ever

D.has never

?倒装句

【题组训练】

( )16.(2014·黄石)—Sorry Sir，I’ve made so many mistakes in this paper.

—It’s OK._____.This paper is very difficult.

A.So have other students

B.So do other students

C.Neither do other students

D.Neither have other students

( )17.(2014·南充)—He hasn’t seen that interesting film before.—_________.

A.So have I

B.Neither have I

C.Nor do I

D.So do I

( )18.(2014·云南)—Kunming is really a comfortable city to live in. —_________.The weather is pleasant.

A.So it is

B.So is it

C.So it does

D.So does it

( )19.(2014·遂宁)—Will you go to Peter’s party this Saturday evening?

—I haven’t decided yet.If you don’t go，________.

A.so will I

B.neither do I

C.neither will I

( )20.(2014·白银)—Has your mother been to London?

—Yes，and _______ .We went together.

A.so have I

B.so I have

C.neither have I

D.neither I have

04 整合集训反馈层级化

( )1.One of my friends ______ moved to America. I miss her so much.

A.has

B.have

C.is

D.are

( )2.This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I______ good at drawing.

A.is

B.am

C.are

D.be ( )3.Ten minutes ago, there _____ an eraser,a pen and some books on the desk.

A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were ( )4.Linda,with her parents, ______ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.

A.have gone to

B.has been to

C.have been to

D.has gone to

( )5.In 1850,about a third of the USA ______ covered with forests(森林).

A.were

B.has been

C.are

D.was

( )6.The population of the world ______ still _____ now.

A.has;grown

B.will;grow

C.is;grown

D.is;growing

( )7.As the saying goes, no news _______ good news. A.is B.are C.has D.have

( )8.Most of the boys who are good at playing basketball_____ in good health.

A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were

( )9.—Have you got any water to drink?

—Here you are.There ______still some in the bottle.

A.are

B.has

C.is

D.have

( )10.Cindy together with her parents often _____ to the movies on weekends.

A.go

B.goes

C.has gone

D.have gone

( )11.—Which would you like,tea or coffee?

—Either______ OK,but I prefer coffee _____ tea.

A.is;to

B.are;with

C.is;with

D.are;to

( )12.The whole family _______ enjoying the beautiful music now.

A.is all

B.all is

C.all are

D.are all ( )13.—How much would you like to pay for the pair of shoes?

—Twenty dollars _______ enough.

A.be

B.is

C.are

D.am ( )14.—Physics _____ more difficult than math, do you think so?

—Yes,I think so.

A.is

B.are

C.has

D.have

( )15.Everyone _______ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shanxi.

A.thinks

B.don’t think

C.think

D.doesn’t think

( )16.Each man and woman _____ the same rights(权利).

A.had

B.has

C.have

D.is having

( )17.Climbing hills ______ of great help to our health. A.was B.were C.is D.are

( )18.Each of the girls here ________ to the West Lake twice.

A.have gone

B.have been

C.has gone

D.has been

( )19.Neither my father nor my mother _____ rock music.They think it’s too _______.

A.likes;noisy

B.likes;noise

C.like;noisy

D.like;noise

( )20.______ of the land in this district ______ covered with trees and grass.

A.Two fifths;are

B.Two fifth;are

C.Two fifth;is

D.Two fifths;is

( )21.Something _____ gone wrong with my TV set.

A.has

B.have

C.is

D.are

( )22.Talking aloud on a mobile phone ____ impolite. A.are B.seem C.is D.look

( )23.Everyone except Bill and Jim _______ there when the meeting began.

A.was

B.is

C.are

D.were

( )24.Half of the students _____ made the suggestions. A.has B.have C.is D.are

( )25.—How many classes do you usually have a day? —Six classes a day.And each of them ______ 45 minutes.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/911858808.html,st

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/911858808.html,sts

C.have

D.are

参考答案：

(十三)主谓一致和倒装句

题组训练

1—5BBABC6—10ACAAA11—15ABCDA16—20ABACA

整合集训

1—5ABCDD6—10DABCB11—15ADBAA16—20BCDAD21—25ACABB

主谓一致,倒装

一．主谓一致（指主语和谓语动词在…人称?和…数?方面的一致关系。）主谓一致遵循以下三条原则（形合，意合，就近） 1．形合（主单→谓单；主复→谓复） ★1．由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数e.g. Both milk and coffee are on sale in Walmart supermarket. Ru Hua and Wang Xiaohu are a couple. ◆注：⑴and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念(and 后无冠词)，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. The teacher and writer has come. Bread and butter is the breakfast of the western people. and所连接的表示同一概念的短语有：a horse and cart马车, a knife and fork刀叉, bread and butter涂有黄油的面包 ⑵由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 e.g. In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. ★2. 用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, neither 等+ of +复数名词/人称代词作主语时，谓语用单数。 e.g. Neither of his parents is a doctor. They are both teachers. Every one of the students is studying hard. ◆注：(1)“both of +复数名词/人称代词”作主语时，谓语用复数。Both of them are students. (2) none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，表量，谓语动词用单数。e.g. None of that money on the table is mine. None of us is/are interested in your new subject. (3)在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 但在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the （only）、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only就用复数形式。 He was one of the students who were late for school . ★3. each, either, neither, another, the other 和由some, any, no, every + thing/ one/ body构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. There is something wrong with my computer. Everyone is ready for the big dinner. I have two sisters. One is a doctor, the other is a nurse. ◆注：each作同位语，谓语动词仍与主语一致。 They each have a book. ★4. 不定式/动名词（短语）作主语，谓语用单数。 e.g. Doing morning exercises is good for your health. To teach is to learn. 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 e.g. To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. ★5.all/most/ part /some/none/half/plenty/a lot/lots/the rest/分数/百分 数+of+ n. 等短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。此名词可数，则谓语用复数；此名词不可数，则谓语用单数。All of the work has been finished. Part of the work has been done by us . Let?s eat the food fi rst. The rest is going to be given to them. ★6. 成双成套的词如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors ，socks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 ◆注：如果这类名词前用了a pair /two pairs等修饰，则谓语与pair 的单复数一致。The shoes in the shop are beautiful. A pair of shoes was sold out this morning. ★7．由“a/this kind of, many kinds of”或…n. + of this kind?，以及由与kind 意义相似的type, sort 等词构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语与of前的名词保持一致。A kind of bird has been discovered by them.Machines of this kind are very useful. ★8. a number of后面加复数名词或代词，谓语用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。 The number of the students in our school is over 20 thousand. A number of students are coming to our school to learn English. ★9. 倒装句中谓语单复数要看其后面的主语。 There comes the bus. Between the two buildings is a supermarket. ★10. 主语后面跟有with ，together with ，along with ，as well as ，but ,except, besides, like ，including, rather than, in addition to等引导的介词短语+其它名词时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The women with two children is my aunt . Everyone here, including children and old people, is for the plan. Mary, along with her boyfriend, goes climbing every Sunday. 2．意合（主语表单数概念→谓语单数；主语表复数概念→谓语复数） ★1. 主语表事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如people, police, staff，cattle, crew等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。The police are looking for the missing boy. 主语表事物的总称，若指无生命的集合体，如traffic, clothing, fruit, equipment等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 ★2. 复数形式、单数意义的名词作主语 (1)有些词形似复数，实为单数，其作主语时谓语用单数. 常见的有： 抽象名词news ，学科名词maths，physics ，politics，报纸、杂志名The New York Times,专有名词James, the United States等 The United States was founded in 1776. The New York Times sells well all over the United States . ◆但clothes, goods(货物), works(著作)，the Olympics等词或短语 作主语时，谓语用复数。 The Olympics are held every four years. (2) 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词或短语作主语时，应将 它们看作一整体，谓语用单数。Ten years is a long time. Five million dollars is a lot of money. ★3. “the +形容词”表一类人（如the poor ，the rich ，the young，the old ，the dead ，the sick，the brave 等）作主语，谓语用复数； 1

高考英语新倒装句知识点专项训练解析附答案(4)

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