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如何在阅读中把握作者的观点态度

如何在阅读中把握作者的观点态度
如何在阅读中把握作者的观点态度

READING STRATEGIES

如何在阅读中把握作者的观点态度

在阅读英语文章的过程中,细察、体会作者在文章中所表达的观点态度有助于更好地理解文章。以下以本单元Reading部分的文章为例,共同探讨一下应该如何把握作者的观点态度。

首先,要注意从整体上把握好文章的思路脉络。在Reading部分的文章The UN — bringing everyone closer together中,文章先是让大家初步了解了一下the UN,接着又阐述了作者自己的一些亲身经历。因此可以初步确定,这样一篇演讲稿的目的在于提供一些与联合国相关的信息,并对其所起的作用给予肯定。

其次,分析作者所用词句来体察作者的观点态度。关于这一点可以从三点入手:第一,找出一些直接、明确且比较集中的情感态度用词。如在文章第一段中,作者一连串的用词pleased, happy和honoured等直接体现出了作者的情感态度。第二,表述很明确但散见于不同段落的词语或句子。如文章第二段中的句子In addition, the UN helps protect human rights and ...,文章第三段中的句子... where the UN has programmes to help people等,分析这些句子可知作者对联合国工作的支持和肯定。第三,注意作者的一些含蓄的表达。如在文章最后一段中作者提到:At a UN meeting in 2000, all 191 members agreed to try and meet eight development goals by the year 2015,体现了作者对于联合国在将来给予世界的帮助也是持赞赏与肯定的态度。

最后注意两点:第一,作者的态度与观点可以通过文章主旨句和段落主题句等显性标志判断出来,但是有时主旨句本身隐含在字里行间,这就需要综合上下文信息及作者的措词才能辨别出来,切不可只抓住一两个词,以免犯以偏概全的错误。第二,掌握一些描述作者观点态度的词汇,如:positive adj.肯定的, 积极的;supportive adj.支持的;negative adj.否定的, 消极的;neutral adj.中立的;optimistic adj.乐观的;worried adj.焦虑的等。

总之,在阅读文章的过程中一定要用心感受作者的观点态度。下面来看一段短文,一起来体察一下作者的观点态度。

What is nature? It’s everything that exists in the world independently of people, such as plants and animals, earth and rocks. Now more and more people are focusing

on nature. It is no doubt that nature is important to us. No nature, no life. Because of the supplies of nature, we have lived happily for a long time. And we gain everything available from nature. But today, people have discovered that nature around is getting worse and worse.

What is threatening nature? There are a lot of things such as air and water pollution, over harvesting of plant, overpopulation and so on. Overpopulation is the biggest source of pollution. Let’s take overpopulation as an example...

[分析]

文章开头部分由“What is nature”这一概念引出作者所关注的问题:现在环境已经遭到了破坏。作者没有明确地运用worried等词,但作者通过这样一些句子如:Because of the supplies of nature, we have lived happily for a long time; And we gain everything available from nature; No nature, no life等含蓄地表达了自然对人的重要性。作者又通过这样一些句子如What is threatening nature? There are a lot of things such as air and water pollution, over harvesting of plant, overpopulation and so on等表达了对人们破坏自然的后果的担忧。

高考阅读理解题型-观点态度题详解及练习

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观点态度题 典题示例 第1招:辨别文体、捕捉反映行文基调的词语 阅读理解 Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common. 1.In the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do? A. Use words skillfully B. Associate with listeners C. Make musical speeches D. Learn poems by heart 第2招:利用人名或组织机构名称进行定位 阅读理解 … Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. “I don't believe in the new green religion,” Gerner says.” Gerner says. “Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical. I'm interested in those that work.” But he wouldn't mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. “You neve r know what's going to start the interest of a child to study math and science,” he says. 2.What does Gerner think of the ideas of green schools? A. They are out of date. B. They are questionable. C. They are practical. D. They are advanced. 第3招:结合所举例子进行判断 阅读理解 For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club. 3.What is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience? A. Conservative. B. Generous. C. Easy-going. D. Self-centered. 第4招:结合文章主题综合推断 阅读理解 Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists — everyone — is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential. If we can't do it, they'll find someone who can. 4.The letter aims to remind editors that they should ______. A. give more freedom to their reporters B. keep their best reporters at all costs C. be aware of their reporters' professional development D. appreciate their reporters' working styles and attitudes

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2019年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解习题讲4【观点态度推理判断题】

2019年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解 习题讲4【观点态度推理判断题】 [典例](2018·浙江高考阅读C节选) ... The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption,climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst,but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design,build and export green technologies for producing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.” 30.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future? A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant. [解析]选C根据选段第一段中的“hopes for the best”和第二段可知,Friedman虽然对未来担心,但抱有最好的希望,他认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇,由此可知Friedman对美国未来是充满希望的,故选C。 [干扰项分析]A项意为“模棱两可的”;B项意为“感到怀疑的”;D项意为“容忍的”。要排除干扰项,先要弄清各干扰项的意思,是表示支持或肯定、中立还是反对或否定,然后再对照文章的内容一一排除。 [增分技巧] (1)根据文章体裁推断观点、态度。 议论文文章的论点往往会直接或间接的表明作者的态度立场 说明文作者往往采取中立的态度 记叙文作者往往不直接提出观点,但常常有某种倾向性,读文时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语 (2)不要掺杂自己的观点。要学会区分不同的观点,尤其要善于找出作者的观点。考生要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语,出现的观点一般是当事人的观点,而不是作者的观点。作者的观点一般用in my opinion/view,personally,I think,I hold等词语引出。 (3)牢记常见有关作者观点态度的词语。 ①表示支持或肯定:appreciative欣赏的;approving赞成的,同意的;favorable赞同的;positive积极乐观的;supportive支持的;optimistic乐观的;hopeful充满希望的。 ②表示中立:ambiguous模棱两可的;cautious谨慎的;uncaring冷漠的;unconcerned 不关心的;uninterested不感兴趣的;objective客观的;neutral中立的。 ③表示反对或否定:disgusted憎恶的,厌恶的;critical批评的;negative否定的,

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评价作者的观点态度

评价作者的观点态度 前预习 班级:姓名: 评价作者的观点态度 【考向探究】所谓“评价”,是指把握文中观点和作者态度的基础上,对作者的观点和态度作出评价。如文 章的观点是否正确,认识是否全面,论述是否透彻,感 情是否健康,对读者是否有有益的启示,在今天又什么 现实意义,等等。有时还需要对别人的评价进行分析比较,作出正确的判断。 作者的观点态度,指诗人通过诗歌形象地告诉读者 诗人自己的人生感悟(如苏轼《题西林壁》寓含的哲理)或生活理念(如刘禹锡的《秋词》表达的志向:自古逢秋悲寂寥,我言秋日胜春潮。晴空一鹤排云上,便引诗情 到碧霄。)等,不仅仅指诗歌通过艺术意境传达给读者的情感状态。这是它与诗歌的内容和思想情感的分野。 作者的态度包括:对事物、对人物的态度,对社会 现实的态度,对历史事件、历史人物的态度,对人生感 悟的倾吐,等等。态度往往是抽象的、概括的,它或者 用某一诗句直抒胸臆,直接表达,或者借景抒情来表达,或者托物言志来表达,或者融志于事来体现。 【典例分析】

[例1](辽宁卷)阅读下面这首词,然后回答问题蝶恋花苏轼 花褪残红青杏小。燕子飞时,绿水人家绕。枝上柳 绵吹又少,天涯何处无芳草?墙里秋千墙外道。墙外行人,墙里佳人笑。笑渐不闻声渐悄,多情却被无情恼。 试题:俞陛云在《宋词选释》中对这首词的上阕作过这样的评价:“絮飞花落,每易伤春,此独作旷达语。”你同意这看法吗? [例2](2008年湖北卷)阅读下面这首词,然后回答问题临江仙侯蒙 未遇行藏谁肯信,如今方表名踪。无端良匠画形容。当风轻借力,一举入高空。才得吹嘘身渐稳,只疑远赴 蟾宫。雨余时候夕阳红。几人平地上,看我碧霄中。 【注】据宋人洪迈《夷坚志》记载:侯蒙其貌不扬, 年长无成,屡屡被人讥笑。有轻薄少年画其形貌于风筝上,侯蒙见之大笑,作《临江仙》词题其上。后一举登第,官至宰相。 试题:这首词体现了侯蒙什么样的人生态度?请结 合词作予以简析(4分) 【必备知识】 一、常见的设问方式 1、……你是否同意这种说法?请谈谈你的看法。

作者的观点态度题

言语理解与表达片段阅读:态度观点题精讲 题型综述 片段阅读中有一种题型称为态度观点题,即要求考生通过阅读一段文字把握作者的态度观点、倾向性或者对某事的评价。这种题型考查了考生把握说话人态度、倾向性的能力,在某种程度上与主旨概题、意图推断题的考查要点有异曲同工之妙,都需要考生对于文段有深刻的理解和把握,在适当的时候还需要进行一定程度上的推理、揣摩。 态度观点题的提问方式通常有“作者的原意”、“作者的态度”、“作者的观点、作者的评价”等提法。常见的提问方式有“通过这段话可知作者的观点是”、“作者支持的观点是”、“作者认为XXXX有无道理”、“作者认为XXXX是否正确"、“作者对XXXX的态度是"、“符合作者观点的一项是”、“下列说法与文章作者态度不符合的是”、“符合作者原意的一项是” 等等。技法点睛 态度观点题实际上关键在于考核考生把握文段作者态度、倾向性的能力, 解题的关键重在理解。此外有时这种题目的解题思路与主旨概括题的解题思路是一脉相承的,很有可能文中的主题句就是作者的态度、观点以及对某事的评价。另外一些题目则与意图推断题的考查要点吻合,要求考生把握作者观点的同时就是在寻找作者说话的目的和意图。不过这类题 型还是非常有特色的,具体体现在以下几方面: 有些文段作者的观点是鲜明并且直截了当的;有些文段作者并非没有态度观点,而是没有直接明确地表达出来,但是作者对于某事的态度和评价却存在着一种倾向性,通过字里行间的表述间接地表露;有些文段的表述客观具体,但作者对此并未做任何评价;有些文段涉及了几个问题,作者对于某一问题是存在明确的观点和评价,而对于另一问题却未做任何评价,只是一种客观的陈述。 以上这些类型都存在于态度观点题之中,要求考生能够根据具体题目进行仔细辨别,从而正确选择选项。 精讲 针对于以上态度观点题的不同情况,我们加以分类并具体讲解每种类型的 解题思路: 一、明确观点 有一些文段的表述会开宗明义地表达作者的观点,通常都会有一些引导 词,如“我认为、我觉得”、“作者认为”、“笔者认为”、“XX认为”、“X X 说”等。如果文段中出现了这些字样,考生要重点阅读这些引导词之后的语句,就是作者的态度观点或者对于某事的评价。 二、隐含观点 有一些文段并非直截了当地提出观点所在,而是通过字里行间的表述隐含 着作者的态度观点或者对于某事的评价,通常都会体现作者的一种倾向性,对于某事积极或者消极的看法、评价。因此考生在处理这类文段时要注意寻找容易出现作者隐含观点的标志及位置,从而确定正确选项所在。 三、没有观点 有一些文段仅仅是对某,一事物、事件或者社会现象进行客观陈述,解释其原因、原理或者表达现状,然而并没有对其进行主观性的评价,此时考生注意要辨明题目的特点,不要受到提问方式的误导,误以为涉及提问作者的态度观点时就一定存在于原文之中。此类题目有一个共同的特点,就是其文体风格都是客观的陈述表达,涉及的类型主要有说明文、新闻简讯两种。因此考生在阅读文段时要注意从用词和结构上来辨别文段的文体风格,从而更为准确地判断选项。 四、杂糅观点 还有一些文段涉及了几个问题,作者对于某一问题是存在明确的观点和评价,而对于另一问题却未做任何评价,只是一种客观的陈述,属于观点的杂糅。从出题的角度讲,题目常常将未做评价的问题设置成提问的方式或者干扰选项,考查考生是否能够清楚地辨识。 真题点击 例1、(2005年国考)有一种很流行的观点,即认为中国古典美学注重美与善的统一。言下之意则是中国古典美学不那么重视美与真的统一。笔者认为,中国古典美学比西方美学更看重美与真的统一。它给美既赋予善的 品格,又赋予真的品格,而且真的品格大大高于善的品格。概而言之,中国古典美学在对美的认识上,是以善为灵魂而以真为最高境界的。 通过这段文字我们可以知道,作者的观点()。 A. 正确而不流行B .流行而不正确 C.新颖而不流行D .流行而不新颖 【答案】C 【解析】一道典型的态度观点题,提问方式为“作者的观点”。文中首先 援引了“一种流行的观点”,认为“中国古典美学不重视美与真的统一”。接着用“笔者认为”明确引出作者不同的观点,即认为“中国古典美学看 重美与真的统一”。由此可知作者的观点既然不同于流行的观点,必然是不流行的,至此就可以排除B D两项。而文段的表述中只是列举了援引的观点和作者的观点,并没有第三方对二者进行评价孰对孰错,因此我们 无从得知作者的观点是对是错,只能从“不流行”这个角度推断出作者的观点必定不为大众所熟知,比较新颖。所以正确答案应该是C项。 【点拨】例1是一道明确提出观点的题目,由“笔者认为”引导出作者的 观点。实际上是通过一个典型的总一分一总式行文脉络来进行具体阐述,首先提出观点“中国古典美学比西方美学更看重美与真的统一”;其次阐述说明二者如何统一;最后由“概而言之”重申观点,即“以善为灵魂而以真为最高境界”。因此如果题目涉及作者具体的观点何在时,正确的答案应该是将首尾综合,即作者认为“中国古典美学看重美与真的统一,以善为灵魂以真为最高境界”。这个问题值得考生深思,即在复习过程中一定要注意深度理解文段表达的内涵,除了解答题目本身之外再仔细观察文章的结构及特征,从出题人的高度去思考文段才能够在日益激烈的公务员考试中立于不败之地! 结合到具体题目中,就涉及一些技巧和方法。由于例1题目的选项设置中并没有明确考查作者观点的具体内容,因此聪明的考生可以通过解答技巧来迅速辨别答案。 言语技法九:援引观点法 所谓援引,顾名思义就是我们通常说的引用。在语言的实际应用过程中通常援引的目的都是为了引出说话人的观点,因此考生在阅读的过程中如果看到了援引一类的表述,就要注意观察其后是否引出该文段作者的观点。 有些文段作者的观点并不是非黑即白式的十分确定,而是流露在字里行间

【精选】高中语文每日一题第08周分析概括作者在文中的观点态度二试题含解析新人教版选修系列

分析概括作者在文中的观点态度(二) 【2016年高考上海卷】阅读下文,完成问题。 勿斋记 (明)朱舜水 ①世之学圣人者,视圣人太高,而求圣人太精,究竟于圣人之道去之不知其几千万里已。 ②古今之称至圣人者莫盛于孔子,而聪明睿知莫过于颜渊。及其问仁也,夫子宣告之以精微之妙理,方为圣贤传心①之秘,何独曰“非礼勿视,非礼勿听,非礼勿言,非礼勿动”?夫视听言动者,耳目口体之常事,礼与非礼者,中智之衡量,而“勿”者下学之持守,岂夫子不能说玄说妙、言高言远哉?抑颜渊之才不能为玄为妙、骛高骛远哉?夫以振古聪明睿知之颜渊,而遇生民未有之孔子,其所以授受者,止于日用之能事、下学之工夫。其少有不及于颜渊者,从可知矣,故知道之至极者,在此而不在彼也。 ③藤君素好学,有志于“四勿”也,以名其斋。因号“勿斋”,初见于太史所。士大夫之初遇,自有礼矣,不得轻有所请谒也,奈何以“勿斋”请余为之记也?余未知其人,亦何得轻为搦管,如贾人之炫其玉而求售也?抑其心久厌夫高远玄虚之故习,茫如捕风,一旦幡然,欲得余言以证其生平之志、中庸之德乎?“先民有言,询于刍荛②”,勿斋有之矣!“狂夫之言,圣人择焉”,余亦有之矣! [注]①传心:传授道统。②刍荛:指割草砍柴的人。 概括作者的修身理念。(用自己的话作答。) 【参考答案】 修身应注重日常的人情事理,在视、听、言、动之间下功夫,从而臻于圣人之道。 “四勿”的分析来表明自己的观点。 阅读下面语段,完成问题。

游凌云图记 刘大櫆 ①知者乐水,仁者乐山,非山水之能娱人,而知者仁者之心常有以寓乎此也。 ②南方固山水之奥区,而巴蜀峨眉尤为怪伟奇绝,昔苏子瞻浮云轩冕①,而愿得出守汉嘉,以为凌云之游②。古之杰魁之士,其纵恣徜徉而不可羁縻以事者,类如此欤! ③吾友卢君抱孙以进士令蜀之洪雅,地小而僻,政简而明,民安其俗,从容就理。于是携童幼,挈壶觞,逶迤而来,攀援以登,坐于崇岗积石之间,超然远瞩,邈然澄思,飘飘乎遗世之怀,浩浩乎如在三古之上。于时极乐。既归里闲居,延请工画事者,画《卢公载酒游凌云》也。古今人不相及矣;昔之人所尝有事者,今人未必能追步之也。乃子瞻之有志焉而未毕者,至卢君而遂能见之行事,则夫卢君之施泽于民,其亦有类于古人之为之邪?于是为之记。 [注释]①轩冕:古时大夫以上官员的车乘和冕服,借指官位爵禄。②汉嘉,蜀地名。凌云山,蜀中名山之一。1.文中与“卢君之施泽于民”相照应的语句是“”。 2.下列说法符合文意的一项是() A.作者认为理想中的士大夫应该既施泽于民,又寄情于山水。 B.苏轼作为“古之杰魁之士”,只能做到钟情山水而轻于轩冕。 C.卢抱孙政务之余曾畅游凌云,其友刘大櫆写此文专记其事。 D.知者仁者的快乐,都得之于山水并寄寓在对山水的观览中。 3.从语言运用角度,赏析画线的句子。 4.作者说子瞻“有志焉而未毕”,其中“志”指什么?请根据你对苏轼的了解,对这句话作简要分析。 1.政简而明,民安其俗,从容就理 【解析】本题考查理解文意的能力。“卢君之施泽于民”这句话的意思是卢君给百姓施加恩惠,根据此意可在第三段中找到“政简而明,民安其俗,从容就理”这句话。 2.A

(完整版)英语阅读理解推理判断之观点态度题

英语阅读理解推理判断之观点态度题 真题感悟: (2018·浙江,C) As cultural symbols go,the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago,with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was born on the road,behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner,the billboard,the motel,even the hamburger.For most of the last century,the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel,the road movie,these are the most typical American ideas,born of abundant petrol,cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system,the largest public works project in history. In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then,this society has moved onward,never looking back,as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption,climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst,but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design,build and export green technologies for producing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.” 30.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future? A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.

英语四六级阅读态度题答题技巧

英语四六级阅读态度题答题技巧 1、态度题表现形式 态度题一般提问方式是:The author’s attitude towards ┄is _____. 或者是What is the author’s attitude towards _______? 2、态度题解题方法 从原则上来讲,态度题可以考查作者对一个中心话题的看法,也可以考查作者对某一具体细节的态度,但是从历年考法来看,四级阅读更加注重考查文章中心话题。所以,态度题经常可以通过文章主题来判断作者的态度。如2003年6月考题, 原文首句:It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. 题目:The author’s attitude towards the judge’s ruling could be described as______. A) doubtful B) critical C) cautious D) supportive 全文首句可以体现文章讨论的中心话题,它明确道出了作者的观点:有时小孩与养父母在一起比与亲生父母在一起更好。而原文中judge’s ruling的结果就是把小孩判给了养父,所以作者一定会持支持态度,故选D。 3、态度题注意点 考生应该熟练掌握在态度题中经常出现的单词,如positive, negative, optimistic, pessimistic, approving, concerned, objective, compromise等。另外,从以前四级考试的情况来看,作者的态度一般是或褒或贬,或乐观或担忧,中性评价为正确答案的较少。

考研英语四六级阅读理解作者态度观点信号词寻找以及常见态度词汇集锦附小测试一题

常见观点态度词语小测试: positive favorable(dis)approval supportive defensive negative objection critical opposition objective subjective optimistic indifferent compromising uninterested questioning disappointed concerned neutral cautious pessimistic biased suspicious doubtful 态度观点信号词: 论点:认为,相信:argue , argument , believe , suppose, think , be convinced that [相信] , hold the belief that … , have a notion that …, view…as , regard….as , see…as, consider….to be, reckon [算作,设想], 论据: for example , for instance , specifically, take… as an example like , such as … , Imagine …. , 调查研究:investigation , inquiry [hold an inquiry into a case对一个案子进行调查] research, study, survey, report , questionnaire[调查问卷],measurement , 调查研究结果: 得出结论:conclude th at … ,come to a conclusion that …. , draw a conclusion that … 表明,发现:show , suggest , demonstrate , manifest [清楚地显示或表示] display, find , find out, discover, reveal , prove indicate, imply, 预测、预报、预言:forecast , foretell, foresee, predict 表示赞同:agree, appreciate意识到, 懂得, approve赞成、批准, consent to同意 表示反对:against , disagree, disapprove, dissent from, object to , be opposed to反对 表示事实:belief , fact , reality, truth 表示理论,设想:assumption , theory, hypothesis [假设] 表示目的:to do, aim at, for the sake of , for , serve as, in favor of [有利于], for the purpose of, intend to do , 论据中常见专家名称: expert , specialist , professor , associate professor [副教授],sociologist [社会学家],economist, linguist[语言学家],consultant [顾问] psychologist [心理学家], behaviorist [行为学家],philosopher[哲学家] , anthropologist [人类学家], archaeologist [考古学家] 逻辑信号词-路标词 1,表示因果的

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