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自学考试美国浪漫主义时期练习题docx

Chapter One : The Renaissance Period

1.____is regarded as the first American prose epic.

A.Wasteland

B.Moby-Dick

C.Song of Myself

D.The Scarlet Letter

2．The hightide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around .

[A]1820 [B]1850 [C]1880 [D]1920

3．Hawthorne generally concerns himself with such issues as in his fiction.

[A]the evil in man’s heart [B]the material pursuit

[C]the racial conflict [D]the social inequality

4．Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features except .

[A]a strict poetic form

[B]a simple and conversational language

[C]a free and natural rhythmic pattern

[D]an easy flow of feelings

5．American “Transcendentalists most typically believe that .

[A]man is divine in name [B]art is superior to life

[C]man can transform nature [D]poetry is the highest form of art

6．As _______ saw it, poetry could play a vital part in the process of creating a new nation.

A. Emerson

B. Hawthorne

C. Whitman

D. Emily Dickinson

7．Hawthorne’s view of man and human history originates, to a great extent ,in _______.

A. Puritanism

B. Transcendentalism

C. his childhood

D. his unhappy marriage

8．Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT ______ .

A. the strict poetic form

B. the free and natural rhythm

C. the easy flow of feelings

D. the simple and conversational language

9. “Then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.” In the quoted sentence, the author might imply that ______.

A. nothing changes in the 5000 years of human history

B. man’s desire to conquer nature can only end in his own destruction

C. nature is evil as it was 5000 years ago

D. nature has the ultimate creative power

10．Which of the following works best illustrates the Calvinistic view of original sin?

A. Stowe’s Uncle Ton’s Cabin

B. James’s The Portrait of a Lady.

C. Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms

D. Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.

11. Beside symbolism, all the fo llowing qualities EXCEPT ______are fused to make Melville’s Moby-Dick a world classic.

A. narrative power

B. psychological analysis

C. speculative agility

D. optimistic view of life

12. After his experiences in the forest, Young Goodman Brown returns to Salem ______.

A. desperate and gloomy

B. renewed in his faith

C. wearing a black veil

D. unaware of his own sin

13.The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“black vision.”The term“black vision”refers to（）.

A. Hawthorn e’s observation that every man faces a black wall

B. Hawthorne’s belief that all men are by nature evil

C. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his story

D. that Puritans of Hawthorne’s time usually wore black clothes

14. The Romantic Writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the（）in the American literary history.

A. individual feeling

B. survival of the fittest

C. strong imagination

D. return to nature

15.Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely characters in（）.

A. The House of the Seven Gables

B. The Scarlet Letter

C. The Portrait of a Lady

D. The Pioneers

16.Like Nathaniel Hawthorne,（）also manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives.

A. Mark Twain

B. Henry James

C. R. W. Emerson

D. Herman Melville

17.Walt Whitman, whose ______________ established him as the most popular American poet

of the 19th century.

A．Leaves of Grass B．Go Down, Moses

C．The Marble Faun D．As I Lay Dying

18. The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature,

stretches from the end of ______________ to the outbreak of ____________.

A．the 17th century…the American War of Independence

B．the 18th century…the American Civil War

C．the 17th century…the American Civil War

D．the 18th century…the U.S. – Mexican War

19．Which of the following statements is NOT true of American Transcendentalism?

A．It can be clearly defined as a part of American Romantic literary movement.

B．It can be defined philosophically as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively”.

C．Ralph Waldo Emerson was the chief advocate of this spiritual movement.

D．It sprang from South America in the late 19th century.

20.The unofficial manifesto for the Transcendental Club was ______________, Emerson’s first

little book, which established him ever since as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.

A．The American Scholar B．Self—reliance

C．Nature D．The Over—Soul

21．Nathaniel Hawthorne held an unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart ”of man’s being.

So in almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discusses______________.

A．love and hatred B．sin and evil

C．frustration and self—denial D．balance and self—discipline

22．In Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne, the name of Goodman Brown’s wife is ______________, which also contains many symbolic meanings.

A．Ruth B．Hester

C．Faith D．Mary

23．Which of the following statements might be true of the theme of Song of Myself by Whitman?

A．This poem describes the growth of a child who learned about the world around him and improved himself accordingly.

B．This poem shows the author’s cynical sentiments against the American Civil War.

C．This poem reflects the author’s belief in Unitarianism or Deism.

D．This poem reflects the author’s belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value. 24．In Moby—Dick, the white whale symbolizes ______________ for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.

A．nature B．human society

C．whaling industry D．truth

25.In 1849, Herman Melville published ______ ,a semi-autobiographical novel, con-

cerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors.

A. Omoo

B. Mardi

C. Redburn

D. Typee

26.What Whitman prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is “______ ,” that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.

A. blank verse

B. free rhythm

C. balanced structure

D. free verse

27. The Birthmark drives home symbolically ______ point that evil is a man's birthmark,

something he was born with.

A. Whitman's

B. Melville's

C. Hawthorne's

D. Emerson's

28.In the American Romantic writings,______ came to function almost as a dramatic

character that symbolized moral law.

A. fire

B. water

C. trees

D. wilderness

29. The desire for an escape from society and a return to ______ became a permanent

convention of the American literature.

A. the family life

B. nature

C. the ancient time

D. fantasy of love

30.The fiction of the American _____ period ranges from the comic fables of Washing-ton Irving to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis.

A. Romantic

B. Revolutionary

C. Colonial

D. Modernistic

31.By means of “_____,”Whitman believed, he has turned the poem into an open

field, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.

A. balanced structure

B. free verse

C. fixed verse

D. regular rhythm

32. By writing Moby - Dick, _______ reached the most flourishing stage of his literary creativity.

A. Herman Melville

B. Edgar Ellen Poe

C. William Faulkner

D. Theodore Dreiser

33. Hawthorne was not a Puritan himself, but his view of man and human history origina ted, to a great extent, in_______.

A. Calvinism

B. Puritanism

C. Realism

D. Naturalism

34. The author of Leaves of Grass , a giant of American letters, is ______.

A. Faulkner

B. Dreiser

C. James

D. Whitman

35. Melville is best - known as the author of his mighty book, ________, which is one of the world’ s greatest masterpieces.

A. Song of Myself

B. Moby - Dick

C. The Marble Faun

D. Mosses from an Old Manse

36. In his poetry, Whitman shows concern for ______ and the burgeoning life of cities.

A. the colonists

B. the capitalists

C. the whole hard -working people

D. the intellectuals

37. In 1837, ______ published Twice - Told Tales, a collection of short stories which attracted critical attention.

A. Emerson

B. Melville

C. Whitman

D. Hawthorne

38. Two people could be “twain yet one” : their paths could be different, and yet they could

achieve a kind of transcendent contact, ______ believed.

A. Walt Whitman

B. Ezra Pound

C. Washington Irving

D. Nathaniel Hawthorne

39. In 1841, ______ went to the South Seas on a whaling ship, where he gained the first- hand

information about whaling that he used later in Moby -Dick.

A. Herman Melville

B. Nathaniel Hawthorne

C. Robert Lee Frost

D.T.S. Eliot

40. Walt Whitman ’s ______ is a collec tion of poems incorporating his emotions and feelings

before and during the Civil War when he stood firmly on the side of the North.

A. Leaves of Grass

B. “Cavalry Crossing a Ford”

C. “Song of Myself”

D. Drum Taps

41.In Moby-Dick, for the character Ahab, the white whale represents only ______.

A. evil

B. nature

C. society

D. purity

42. Melville’s semi- autobiographical novel, ______, concerns the sufferings of a genteel youth

among brutal sailors.

A. Moby-Dick

B. Redburn

C. Mardi

D. Typee

43.“The Birthmark” drives home symbolically Hawthorne’s point that ______ is man’s birthmark,

something he is born with.

A. purity

B. generosity

C. evil

D. love

44. The Blithedale Romance is a novel ______ wrote to reveal his own experiences on the Brook

Farm and his own methods as a psychological novelist.

A. Herman Melville

B. Nathaniel Hawthorne

C. Washington Irving

D. Walt Whitman

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美国浪漫主义时期诗歌

Chapter 2 Literature of American Romanticism A Brief Introduction The American Romantic period is considered one of the most important periods, the first literary Renaissance, in the history of American literature. It stretches from the end of the eighteenth century through the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving's The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman's Leaves of Grass. American romantic literature is best explained by referring to certain stirring events of American national history. Historically, it was the time of western expansion. The western boundary had reached to the Pacific by 1860; the number of states had increased from the original thirteen at the time of independence to twenty-one by the middle of the 19th century; its total population increased from four million people in 1790 to thirty million in 1860. Economically, the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation, which affected American people's lives. The growth of industrialization helped restructure economic life. The sudden influx of immigration gave a big push to the booming industry. Politically, democracy and political equality became the ideals of new nation, and the two-party system came into being. Literarily and culturally, the new nation needed to express its own experiences: their early Puritan settlements, their confrontations with the Indians, their frontiersmen's life, and the wild west. Besides, the ever-increasing numbers of newspapers, magazines, journals and books reviews provided a great market. All these produced a strong sense of optimism for American romanticism. This surging romanticism also had support abroad. In Europe, the Romantic Movement which had flourished earlier in the century both in England and Europe added incentive to the growth of Romanticists in America. The American writers who traveled to Europe and kept in touch with European Romanticism were greatly influenced. Washington Irving was the most important. The greatest benefit for Irving during his travels in Europe was his contact with Sir Walter Scott, one of the most important British writers of his period. Scott introduced Irving to the Tales of German Romances, upon which Irving wrote some of his best-known short stories. In addition, Scott's border tales and Waverley romances inspired such Americans as James Fenimore Cooper. The Gothic tradition and the cult of solitude and gloom came through interest in the works of writers like Mr. Radcliffe, E. T. A. Hoffman, James Thomson and the “graveyard” poets. Robert Burns and Byron both inspired and spurred the American imagination for lyrics and passion and despair. The impact of Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads added, to some extent, to the nation's singing strength. American Romanticism was modeled on English and European works but exhibited from the very outset distinct features of its own. For instance, the American national experience of “pioneering” into the west proved to be a rich fount of material for American write rs to draw upon. Then, there is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American moral values were essentially Puritan, and its influence over American Romanticism was conspicuously noticeable. American romantic authors tended more to moralize than their English and European brothers, and many American romantic writers intended to edify more than they entertained. Another thing merits attention with American Romanticism--the “newness” of America as a nation. The ideals of individualism and political equality, and the dream that America was to be a new Garden of Eden for man were distinctly American.

2009年下期历史公开课教案《美国的诞生》

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第一章美国浪漫主义时期一、美国浪漫主义时期概述 Ⅰ.本章学习目的和要求通过本章学习，了解１９世纪初期至中叶美国文学产生的历史、文化背景；认识该时期文学创作的基本待征、基本主张，及其对同时代和后期美国文学的影响；了解该时期主要作家的文学创作生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品并了解其思想内容和艺术特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ.本章重点及难点： 1．浪漫主义时期美国文学的特点 2．主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义。 3．分析讨论选读作品 Ⅲ.本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1.美国浪漫主义时期概述 (1)．"识记"内容：美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 (2)．"领会"内容：美国浪漫主义在文学上的表现 a.欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响 b.美国本土文学的崛起及其待证 (3)．"应用"内容：清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家Ａ．华盛顿·欧文 1．一般识记：欧文的生平及创作主涯 2．识记：《纽约外史》《见闻札记》 3．领会：欧文的创作领域、创作思想，及其作品的艺术风格 4.应用：选读《瑞普·凡·温可尔》的主题及其艺术特色Ｂ．拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生 1．一般识记：．爱默生的生平及创作生涯 2．识记：爱默生的超验主义思想 3．领会：（1）爱默生的散文：《论自然》《论自助》《论美国学者》等（2）．爱默生与梭罗：梭罗的超验主义思想和他的《沃尔登》 4．应用：《论自然》节选：爱默生的基本哲学思想及自然观Ｃ．纳撒尼尔·霍桑 1．一般识记：霍桑的生平及创作主涯 2．识记：霍桑的长短篇小说 3．领会：（1）《红字》的主题、心理描写、象征手法和、小说结构

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Washington Irving (1783 –1859) Washingtong Irving was an American author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th century. He was best known for his short stories The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle, both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.His historical works include biographies of George Washington, Oliver Goldsmith and Muhammad, and several histories of 15th-century Spain dealing with subjects such as Christopher Columbus, the Moors, and the Alhambra. Irving also served as the U.S. minister to Spain from 1842 to 1846. He made his literary debut in 1802 with a series of observational letters to the Morning Chronicle, written under the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle. After moving to England for the family business in 1815, he achieved international fame with the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent in 1819. He continued to publish regularly—and almost always successfully—throughout his life, and completed a five-volume biography of George Washington just eight months before his death, at age 76, in Tarrytown, New York. Irving, along with James Fenimore Cooper, was among the first American writers to earn acclaim in Europe, and Irving encouraged American authors such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and Edgar Allan Poe. Irving was also admired by some European writers, including Sir Walter Scott, Lord Byron, Thomas Campbell, Francis Jeffrey, and Charles Dickens. As America's first genuine internationally best-selling author, Irving advocated for writing as a legitimate profession, and argued for stronger laws to protect American writers from copyright infringement. James Fenimore Cooper (1789 – 1851) James Fenimore Cooper was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. He is best remembered as a novelist who wrote numerous sea-stories and the historical novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales, featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo. Among his most famous works is the Romantic novel The Last of the Mohicans, often regarded as his masterpiece. James Fenimore Cooper was born in Burlington, New Jersey, the son of William and Elizabeth (Fenimore) Cooper. His father was a United States Congressman. Shortly after his first birthday, his family moved to Cooperstown, New York, a community founded by his father. At 13, Cooper was enrolled at Yale, but he did not obtain a degree due to being expelled. His expulsion stemmed from a dangerous prank that involved him blowing up another student's door. Another less dangerous prank consisted of training a donkey to sit in a professor's chair. He obtained work as a sailor on a merchant vessel, and at 18, joined the United States Navy. He obtained the rank of midshipman before leaving in 1811. At age 21, he married Susan DeLancey. They had seven children, five of whom lived to adulthood. Cooper was one of the most popular 19th-century American authors, and his work was admired greatly throughout the world. While on his death bed, the Austrian composer Franz Schubert wanted most to read more of Cooper's novels. Honoré de Balzac, the French novelist and playwright, admired him greatly. Cooper's stories have been translated into nearly all the languages of Europe and into some of those of Asia. Cooper's work is read carefully by law and literature scholars such as Nan Goodman, who argues that several of Cooper's novels, particularly The Pioneers and The Pilot, demonstrate an early 19th century American preoccupation with prudence and negligence in a country where property rights were often still in dispute. However, despite his close association with the period,

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