2013-2015年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及答案

2013年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.

A passed by

B took a notice of

C woke up

D found by chance

答案：D

职业培训教育网名师解析：come across是固定搭配，意思是“偶遇，碰巧发现”，因此选择D选项。pass by “路过”，take a notice of “注意到”，wake up “醒来”。

2、It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.

A right

B obvious

C unbelievable

D unclear

答案：C

职业培训教育网名师解析：incredible 意为“难以置信的”，与 unbelievable 同义。obvious “明显的”，unclear “不明的”。

3、He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.

A attracted

B taught

C kept

D changed

答案：A

职业培训教育网名师解析：tempt “吸引，诱惑”，此处为被动态，句子意思为：他被这家公司开出的高额薪水吸引了。A选项符合句义。

4、She gets aggressive when she is drunk.

A worried

B offensive

C sleepy

D anxious

答案：B

职业培训教育网名师解析：aggressive意为“好斗的，富于攻击性的”，与offensive 相近，如：Men tend to be more aggressive than women.男性往往比女性更具有攻击性。Knives of any sort are classed as offensive weapons.任何刀具都属于攻击性武器。worried“拘心的”，sleepy“困倦的”，anxious “焦急的”。

5、I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.

A at

B with

C about

D from

答案：C

职业培训教育网名师解析：as regards 是固定搭配，意思是“关于”，如：There is no problem as regards the financial arrangements.资金筹备方面毫无问题。

6、These animals migrate south annually in search of food.

A explore

B inhabit

C prefer

D travel

答案：D

职业培训教育网名师解析：migrate的意思是“迁徙”，travel除了常见的“旅行”意思外，还有“行进”的意思，如：Supersonic planes can travel faster than the speed of sound.超音速飞机的速度比音速快。在这里可作同义替换。explore “探索”，inhabit “柄息，居住”，prefer “更喜欢”。

7、There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.

A different

B wrong

C strange

D funny

答案：C

10、He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.

A withhold

B exchange

C understand

D contact

答案：C

职业培训教育网名师解析：digest本义是“消化”，可转义为“理解(知识、信息)”，在句中可与understand互换。withhold “保留，隐瞒”;exchange “交换”;contact “联系”。

11、The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.

A general

B inflexible

C complex

D direct

答案：B

职业培训教育网名师解析：rigid “僵硬的，固定的，顽间的”，与inflexible同义。

12、Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.

A send

B hear

C confirm

D spread

答案：D

职业培训教育网名师解析：circulate做不及物动同，意思是“传播，流通”，如：We should often open the win-dows to allow the air to circulate.我们应当经常打开窗户以使空气流通。句子的意思是：关于他的财政问题的流言开始传开。

13、Come out, or I'll bust the door down.

A break

B shut

C set

D beat

答案：A

职业培训教育网名师解析：bust “使爆裂”，句子的意思是：快点，不然我就破门而入了。这里与break同义。

14、The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.

A naked

B blind

C cautious

D private

答案：C

职业培训教育网名师解析：wary “谨慎的，机警的”，与 cautious 同义。naked “裸体的”，blind “盲的”，private “私人的”。

15、The contract between the two companies will expire soon.

A shorten

B start

C end

D resume

答案：C

第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit? The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad hams are part of what makes us human.

Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our We, and becomes “programmed” into our brain.

A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study programme, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same pictures again, and gave them new words to associate with them.

A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures，and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and the second Two weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.

The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change our ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.

The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behaviour. This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previously learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.

16 Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

17 We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

18 Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

19 Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

20 The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

21 The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

20 C文中只提到更多的受试者在第二次测试中选择了第一组也就是先记住的同汇，并没有讲他们对题目难度的感受。

21 B调查显示人们更容易记住先学到的东西。

22 A文中最后两段都是在讲小时候坏习惯是根深蒂固的，即使努力摆脱，也常常容易回到旧轨道上去。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30 题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Traffic Jams - No End in Sight

Traffic congestion (拥堵)affects people throughout the world Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S., commuters (通勤人员)spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.

The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing， whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toil is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work; Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.

Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.

Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.

Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.

23 Paragraph 1 _____

24 Paragraph 2______

25 Paragraph 3______

26 Paragraph 4______

A. Paying to get in

B. A solution which is no solution

C. Changing work practice

D. Closing city centres to traffic

E. Not doing enough

27 Most American drivers think it convenient to______.

28 If charged high enough, some drivers may ______to enter certain parts of town.

29 Building more roads is not an effective way to_______.

30 The U.S. government has planned to_______ updating public-transport systems.

A reduce traffic jams

B spend more money

C drive around

D travel regularly

E go by bus

第4部分：阅读理解(第31 -45 题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Operation Migration

If you look up at the sky in the early fall in the northern part of North America, you may see groups of birds. These birds are flying south to places where they can find food and warmth for the winter. They are migrating (迁徙) The young birds usually learn to migrate from their parents. They follow their parents south. In one unusual case, however, the young birds are following something very different. These birds are young whooping cranes, and they are following an airplane?

The whooping crane is the largest bird that is native to North America, These birds almost disappeared in the 1800s. By 1941，there were only about 20 cranes alive. In the 1970s, people were worried that these creatures were in danger of disappearing completely. As a result, the United States identified whooping cranes as an endangered species that they needed to protect.

Some researchers tried to help. They began to breed whooping cranes in special parks to increase the number of birds. This plan was successful. There were a lot of new baby birds. As the birds became older，the researchers wanted to return them to nature. However, there was a problem： These young birds did not know how to migrate. They needed human help.

In 2001，some people had a creative idea. They formed an organization called Operation Migration. This group decided to use very light airplanes, instead of birds, to lead the young whooping cranes on their first trip south. They painted each airplane to look like a whooping crane. Even the pilots wore special clothing to make them look like cranes_ The cranes began to trust the airplanes, and the plan worked.

Today, planes still lead birds across approximately 1,200 miles (1，931 kilometers), from the United States-Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico. They leave the birds at different sites. If a trip is successful, the birds can travel on their own in the future. Then, when these birds become parents, they will teach their young to migrate. The people of Operation Migration think this is the only way to maintain the whooping crane population.

Operation Migration works with several other organizations and government institutes. Together, they assist hundreds of cranes each year. However, some experts predict: that soon, this won’t be necessary. Thanks to Operation Migration

and its partners，the crane population will continue to migrate. Hopefully, they won't need human help any more.

31 Whooping cranes migrate in winter to_______________.

A raise baby whooping cranes

B find warmth and food

C get human help

D lay eggs

答案：B

33 Operation Migration aims to___________.

A teach adult cranes how to fly

B breed cranes in special parks

C lead young cranes on their first trip south

D transport cranes to the North

答案：C

职业培训教育网名师解析：第四段第三句：This group decided to use very light airplanes, instead of birds, to lead the young whooping cranes on their first trip south.因此选C。

34 The distance covered by the young whooping cranes on their trip south is _________.

A 120 miles

B 1,200 miles

C 1,931 miles

D 2,000 miles

答案：B

职业培训教育网名师解析：第五段第一句：Today，planes still lead birds across approximately 1, 200 miles...因此选B。

35 if Operation Migration is successful. whooping cranes will____________.

A follow airplanes south every year

B live in Canada all year round

C be unable to fly back

D learn to migrate on their own

答案：D

职业培训教育网名师解析：由最后—段可知，如果该计划成功的话，小美洲鹤就能学会自己迁徙，这也是这一计划的目的。

第二篇

“Lucky” Lord Lucan—Alive or Dead?

On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan, a British aristocrat (贵族)，vanished. The day before, his children’s nanny (保姆)had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found. Now, over 30 years later, the police have reopened the case, hoping that new DNA techniques will help solve this murder mystery.

People suspected that “Lucky”，as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark, killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged (分居的)wife heard noises, came downstairs and was also attacked but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder，a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.

What happened next is unclear, but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories： ha may have killed himself, he could have escaped or he might have been killed, It appears that the night after the murder,“Lucky” borrowed a car and drove it; Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.

Another version of events says that “Lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. However; after a time, his rescuers became worried that they would become involved m the murder too and so Lucan was killed.

A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLaughlin, a former detective. He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa, India, where he assumed the identity of a Mr. Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996. In the end the claim turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Haplin, an ex-school teacher. So what is the truth about “Lucky”? DNA testing has solved many murder cases, but who knows if it can close the book on this one.

36 The British public are still interested in the murder case because______.

A the murderer was an aristocrat

B the murderer has not been caught

C the murderer's DNA has been found

D the murderer was a famous man

答案：B

职业培训教育网名师解析：由第一段第三句：To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found.可选出答案为 B。

37 It was suspected that Lucan killed the nanny because______.

A she was cruel to his children

B she attacked his wife

C she was mistaken for his wife

D she stole his car

答案：C

39 According to the version in Paragraph 4,Lucan______.

A was involved in a murder in France

B was caught in another country

C met his partners on a ferry

D had escaped but was killed later

答案：D

职业培训教育网名师解析：第四段讲述了一种版本的猜测，即Lucan被救之后又被杀害。

40 The word "assumed" in the last paragraph means______.

A disclosed

B took on

C set up

D changed

答案：B

职业培训教育网名师解析：句子的意思是Lucan假冒了另一个人的身份，assume有“冒充”的意思，在四个选项里面，take on an identity同样有“冒充身份”的意思，其他三个词都不能与identity 搭配。

第三篇

On the Trail of the Honey Badger

On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert，a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers(獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers，movements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地)as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour, They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animal's reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.

“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,”he says. "Thai, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture, if they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They1 re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen. ”

The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animals fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物) The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups., They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialised with each other.

Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometres. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.

As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals’ curiosity — or their sudden aggression. The badgers’eating patterns，which had been disrupted, returned to normal It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to adopt the badgers' relaxed attitude when near humans.

41 Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?

A To find where honey badgers live.

B To observe how honey badgers behave.

C To catch some honey badgers for food.

D To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.

答案：B

职业培训教育网名师解析：第一段第三句：Their main aim was to study the badgers' movements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地)as possible.可推断出此次调查的目的是广解獾的习性。

42 What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?

A They show interest in things they are not familiar with.

B They are always looking for food.

C They do not enjoy human company.

D It is common for them to attack people.

答案：A

44 Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?

A They don't run very quickly.

B They hunt over a very large area.

C They defend their territory from other badgers.

D They are more aggressive than females.

答案：B

职业培训教育网名师解析：第四段讲了雄性獾的特征，它们能在短时间内行进很长的距离，因此B项正确。它们乐意同其他雄性獾分享领地，因此C错误。文中并没有提到它们在好斗性方面同雌性獾的区别，因此排除D项。

45 What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?

A They lost interest in people.

B They became less aggressive towards other creatures.

C They started eating more.

D Other animals started working with them.

答案：A

职业培训教育网名师解析：最后一段第一句：As the badgers bccamc accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chancc to get up close to them without being the subjcct of the animals’ curiosity 一 or their sudden aggression.獾在习惯人的存在之后兴趣就不那么浓厚。

第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives

Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose (蔗糖)and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world. ______ (46)

Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery (糖果点心)to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable. ___________(47) Many crops withered (枯萎)and died，despite growers，attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.

In the 1960s，scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes，mixing genes from the wild species of sugar cane, which tends to be tougher, with genes from the more delicate, commercial type. ___________(48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.

___________(49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world’s sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.

Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function In sugar cane. _______ (50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientists believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.

A Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.

B Since the 1960s, scientists have been analysing the mysteries of the sugar cane’s genetic code.

C One major gene has been identified by Dr. Angelique D'Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.

D The majority of the world’s sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.

E Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.

第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Teaching and Learning

Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student, if a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be _____________(51) with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or ___________ (52) an examination. The ideal student is____________(53) to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning，not the one interested only in getting high__________ (54).Sometimes homework is returned with brief written__________(55) but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is _________(56) for learning the material assigned. When research is_________(57)，the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum __________(58 ). It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to__________ (59) how a university library works ; they expect students to exhaust the_______(60) resources in the library. Professors will help students who need it,__________ (61) prefer that their students should not be too__________(62)on them. In the United States professors have many other___________ (63) besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend___________(64) a student outside of class is limited, if a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either _______(65) a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

51.A careful B happy C familiar D pleased

52 A need B take C develop D finish

53 A tested B recognized C assessed D considered

54 A grades B levels C degrees D hopes

55 A comments B tasks C declarations D questions

56 A anxious B responsible C concerned D eager

57 A completed B designed C learned D assigned

58 A guidance B requirement C effort D evidence

59 A wonder B inquire C explain D speculate

60 A inner B reference C personal D natural

61 A even B but C thus D and

62 A keen B energetic C active D dependent

63 A duties B opportunities C preferences D points

57 D assign “布置(任务)”，也可以从前文得到线索。

58 A教师希望学生尽量独立完成任务。guidance “指导”，minimum guidance“尽量少的指导”，就是尽量独立完成。requirement“要求”，effort “努力”，evidence “证据”。

59 C教授没时间向学生们解释图书馆怎样使用。wonder“怀疑”，inquire “询问”，speculate “查询”。

60 B意为“图书馆内的参考资料”。

61 B前后两个句子的意思相反，因此所填入的词应该是表转折的but。

62 D教授不希望学生过分依赖图书馆。dependent on“依赖的”，其他几个选项意思都不符。

63 A在美国，教授除了教学之外还有许多其他事情要做。

64 C spend time with someone “与某人在一起做事”，其他几个选项和原文不能搭配。

65 A approach“接近”，句意是：如果学生对课堂作业有疑问，他可以在老师办公时间去找老师或者提前预约。

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第一部分：词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1.The group does not advocate the use of violence.

A.support

B.limit

C.regulate

D.oppose

答案：A

2.His stomach felt hollow with fear.

A.empty

B.sincere

C.respectful

D.terrible

答案：A

3.His professional career spanned 16 years.

A.started

B.changed

C.moved

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9c2539919.html,sted

答案：D

4.His knowledge of French is fair.

A.very useful

B.very limited

C.rather special

D.quite good

答案：D

5.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.

A.disappointment

B.excitement

C.anger

D.calm

答案：A

6.It was a magic night until the spell was broken.

A.charm

B.time

C.space

D.opportunity

答案：A

7.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.

A.parts

B.pains

C.aspects

D.results

答案：B

8.He led a very moral life.

A.human

B.intelligent

C.natural

D.honorable

答案：D

9.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.

A.discover

B.prove

C.consider

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