[语言学]语言学教程 测试题及答案

1.判断题:We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically

transmitted.

正确错误参考答案:错误

2.单选题:__________ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.

A. Linguistic theory

B. Practical linguistics

C. Comparative linguistics

D. Applied linguistics

参考答案:D

3.单选题:Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human __________

A. contact

B. communication

C. relation

D. community

参考答案:B

4.判断题:Only human beings are able to communicate.

正确错误

参考答案:错误

5.填空题:Saussure put forward two important concepts. _____refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.

参考答案:langue

6.判断题:The conventional nature of language is illustrated by a famous quotation from Shakespear’s play Romeo and Juliet: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”.

正确错误

参考答案:正确

7.填空题:Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s_______

参考答案:competence

8.判断题:Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.

正确错误

参考答案:错误

9.填空题:The description of a language as it changes through time is a _______ study.

参考答案:diachronic

10.填空题:Linguistics is the______ study of language.

参考答案:scientific

11.填空题:One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _______ over writing. 参考答案:speech

12.填空题:Modern linguistics is _______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.

参考答案:descriptive

13.单选题:Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?

A. tree

B. typewriter

C. crash

D. bang

参考答案:A

14.判断题: F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.

正确错误

参考答案:错误

15.单选题:__________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.

A. Performance

B. Competence

C. Langue

D. Parole

参考答案:A

16.判断题:Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages.

正确错误

参考答案:错误

17.单选题:Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?

A. Transferability

B. Duality

C. Displacement

D. Arbitrariness

参考答案:C

【quiz2 phonology】

测试总分:18 分

【jenny1027】的测试概况:(得分:18 分)

1.填空题:In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating _______

参考答案:minimal pairs

2.填空题:Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the coming ______from the lungs.

参考答案:air stream

3.判断题:According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into long vs. short or tense vs. lax.

正确错误

参考答案:正确

4.判断题:In English, all the back vowels are rounded.

正确错误

参考答案:错误

5.填空题:In English there are a number of_________, which are produced by moving from one

vowel position to another through intervening positions.

参考答案:diphthongs

6.填空题:According to the feature of voicing, consonant sounds can be either ____ or ____ , while all vowel sounds are ____ .

参考答案:voiced voiceless voiced

7.单选题:Pitch variation is known as __________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.

A. intonation

B. tone

C. pronunciation

D. voice

参考答案:A

8.单选题:Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?

A. [n]

B. [m]

C. [b]

D. [p]

参考答案:A

9.判断题:In English, all the front vowels and the central vowels are unrounded.

正确错误

参考答案:正确

10.单选题:Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?

A. Acoustic phonetics

B. Articulatory phonetics

C. Auditory phonetics

D. None of the above

参考答案:B

11.单选题:What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?

A. V oiceless

B. V oiced

C. Glottal stop

D. Consonant

参考答案:B

12.填空题:Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without ______ .

参考答案:obstruction

13.判断题:Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.

正确错误

参考答案:正确

14.判断题:[p] is a voiced bilabial stop.

正确错误

参考答案:错误

15.判断题:Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.

正确错误

参考答案:错误

16.单选题:Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?

A. [i:]

B. [u]

C. [e]

D. [i]

参考答案:B

【quiz3 Morphology】

1.填空题:Bound morphemes are classified into two types: ______ and ______.

参考答案:derivational morphemes inflectional morphemes

2.填空题:______is a reverse process of derivation, and therefore is

a process of shortening.

参考答案:Back-formation

3.单选题:The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and

__________.

A. derivational affix

B. inflectional affix

C. infix

D. back-formation

参考答案:C

4.单选题:Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as

__________.

A. content words

B. grammatical words

C. function words

D. form words

参考答案:A

5.填空题:______is extremely productive, because English had lost most of its inflectional endings by the end of the Middle English period, which facilitated the use of words interchangeably as verbs or nouns, verbs or adjectives, and vice versa.

参考答案:Conversion

6.单选题:__________ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.

A. affixation

B. back-formation

C. insertion

D. addition

参考答案:B

7.填空题:A small set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to ______class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs belong to______ class.

参考答案:closed open

8.单选题:The words like smog and motel are formed by __________.

A. blending

B. clipping

C. back-formation

D. acronymy

参考答案:A

9.单选题:In English –ise and –tion are called __________.

A. prefixes

B. suffixes

C. infixes

D. stems

参考答案:B

10.填空题:A word formed by derivation is called a ______, and a word formed by compounding is called a ______.

参考答案:derivative compound

11.单选题:The word DINK is formed in the way of __________.

A. acronymy

B. clipping

C. compounding

D. blending

参考答案:A

12.单选题:There are __________ morphemes in the word denationalization.

A. three

B. four

C. five

D. six

参考答案:C

13.单选题:Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.

A. inflectional

B. free

C. bound

D. derivational

参考答案:A

【quiz4-syntax】

1.填空题:Words which introduce the sentence complement are termed ______

参考答案:complementizers

2.判断题:Minor lexical categories are open because these categories are not fixed and new members are allowed for.

正确错误

参考答案:错误

3.填空题:______is "a syntactic unit that functions as part of a larger unit within a sentence"

参考答案:Constituent

4.填空题:There are two levels of syntactic structures. The first, formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s sub-categorization properties, is called ______. The second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called ______.

参考答案:deep structure surface structure

5.填空题:Infl is the short form of ______, an abstract category which indicates ______ and ______.

参考答案:inflection tense agreement

6.填空题:Major lexical categories play a very important role in sentence formation. They differ from minor lexical categories in that they are often ______ assumed to be the around which phrases are built.

参考答案:heads

7.判断题:In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.

正确错误

参考答案:错误

8.判断题: A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional.

正确错误

参考答案:正确

9.填空题:______ is the inversion operation involving the movement

of a word from the head position in one phrase into the head position in another phrase.

参考答案:head movement

10.填空题:Sentence head---- ______ position can be taken by an

______ or an abstract category encoded in a verb which indicates the sentence’s ______.

参考答案:Infl auxiliary tense

11.填空题:Syntax is ______ that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the ______ the formation of sentences.

参考答案:a branch of linguistics rules that govern

12.判断题:Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.

正确错误

参考答案:正确

13.判断题:In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.

正确错误

参考答案:正确

14.判断题:The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.

正确错误

参考答案:正确

15.填空题:the XP rule (revised): XP--> ______ + ______ + ______

参考答案:(Specifier) X (Complement*)

16.填空题:Wh-movement: Move a wh-phrase to the position under CP.

参考答案:specifier

【quiz5 semantics】

1.填空题:_______ opposites may be seen in terms of degrees of the quality involved.

参考答案:Gradable

2.单选题:The semantic components of the word “man”can be expressed as________.

A. +human, +male, -adult

B. +human, -male, -adult

C. +human, +male, +adult

D. +human, -male, +adult

参考答案:C

3.填空题:_______ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.

参考答案:componential

4.单选题: A word with several meaning is called___________.

A. an abnormal word

B. a polysemic word

C. a synonymous word

D. None of the above

参考答案:B

5.单选题:What is the meaning relationship between the two words “flower/tulip”?

A. Polysemy

B. Homonymy

C. Hyponymy

D. Antonymy

参考答案:C

6.填空题:The semantic component of the word _______ are +Human,

+Adult, +male, -Married.

参考答案:bachelor

7.填空题:According to the “semantic triangle”presented by Ogden and Richards, the symbol or _______ refers to the linguistic

elements(words, sentences, etc.), the _______ refers to the object in the world of experience and the thought or reference refers to concept.

参考答案:form referent

8.单选题:We call the relation between “animal”and

“cow”as___________.

A. polysemy

B. antonymy

C. homophony

D. hyponymy

参考答案:D

9.单选题:Which description of componential analysis for the word “woman”is right?

A. +human, -adult, -male

B. +human, +adult, -male

C. +human, +adult, +male

D. +human, -adult, +male

参考答案:B

10.单选题:What is the meaning relationship between the two words “rose/tulip”?

A. polysemy

B. hyponymy

C. homophony

D. co-hyponyms

参考答案:D

11.单选题:The pair of words “wide/narrow”are called__________.

A. gradable opposites

B. complementary antonyms

C. co-hyponyms

D. relational opposites

参考答案:A

12.单选题:The pair of words “borrow/lend”are called __________.

A. relational opposites

B. synonyms

C. complementaries

D. gradable opposites

参考答案:A

【quiz6 Pragmatics】

1.单选题:What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.

A. reference

B. speech act

C. practical usage

D. context

参考答案:D

2.单选题:According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is ______.

A. to get the hearer to do something

B. to commit the speaker to something’s being the case

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全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码：0830 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%) 1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（） A．all consonants B．vowels only C．all consonants and some vowels D．all vowels and some consonants 2．The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”. This is the result of the ______________rule at work. （） A．deletion B．assimilation C．phonetic D．sequential 3．The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.（）A．two roots B．a root and a suffix C．a root and a free morpheme D．a prefix and a root 4．When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.（）A．rewriting B．preposing C．postposing D．maintaining 5．Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms? （） A．complementary B．relational C．superordinate D．gradable 6．In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________（） A．one-place predication B．two-place predication C．three-place predication D．no-place predication 7．In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________.

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Chapter 1 Introductions to Linguistics I. Choose the best answer. (20%) 1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human __________ A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community 2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary？ A. tree B. typewriter C. crash D. bang 3. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is __________. A. interrogative（疑问） B. directive C. informative D. performative 4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎（岁岁）平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform？ A. Interpersonal B. Emotive C. Performative√ D. Recreational 5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation？ A. Transferability B. Duality C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness 6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language？ —A nice day, isn’t it？ — Right! I really enjoy the sunlight. A. Emotive B. Phatic C. Performative D. Interpersonal 7. __________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole 8. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now. It couldn’t be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of __________. A. cultural transmission B. productivity C. displacement D. duality 9. __________ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language. A. Psycholinguistics linguistics C. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics 10. __________ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguistics C. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguistics II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%) 11. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not 12. Language change is universal, ongoing and ？ 13. Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication ？ 14. Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all