英国文学复习资料(2)
莎士比亚
William Shakespeare(莎士比亚) —The Father of English Drama Shakespeare’s Birthplace was born in April 23 ,1564. and died on April 23, 1616,
《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）《李尔王》《奥赛罗》《麦克白》
作品名句:
To be or not to be, that is a question.（活着，还是去死，这真是一个值得思虑的问题。——哈姆雷特）
Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.(宁为聪明的渔夫，不做愚蠢的才子。）
A light heart lives long.（豁达者长寿）
Words ,words, only words, no matter from the heart.（空话，空话，只有空话，没一点是真。）
The course of true love never did run smooth. (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) 真爱无坦途。——《仲夏夜之梦》
Love is merely a madness.（爱情不过是一种疯狂。——《皆大欢喜》）
It is a wise father that knows his own child.（知子之父为智。——《威尼斯商人》）
A little more than kin, and less than kind. (超乎寻常的亲族，漠不相关的路人。——《哈姆雷特》 )
Nothing will come of nothing. (一无所有只能换来一无所有。——《李尔王》)
Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. (收起你们明晃晃的剑，它们沾了露水会生锈的。——《奥赛罗》 )
《哈姆雷特》Hamlet
Background(背景):
Problems vexed Hamlet:
His father was murdered by his uncle who has become the king of Denmark; His mother was married to his uncle after his father’s death; The Ghost of his father urged him to seek revenge for his murder, but Hamlet was not quite sure that the ghost was his father’s spirit, for he feared it might have been a devil sent to torment him His girl friend Ophelia was sent as a tool to find out whether or not he was really mad(A betrayal of love!
Theme（主题）:
Shakespeare retained the revenge subject and subjects of struggle for the throne within the court. But the main purpose was for the revelation of something more profound and realistic: contradiction between humanistic and the reality. The conflict centers around the character of Hamlet: how he links the personal revenge with the responsibility of social change, how he contemplates
and hesitates confronted by the distance between ideal and reality. He hesitates again and again, his tragedy is one of the time. He took the story of revenge but transformed it into a realistic reflection of the time and made Hamlet the representative of humanism
Character（特性特征）:
the title character, is the son of the late King of Denmark. He is a student at a school in Wittenburg. He is charged by the ghost of his father to avenge his murder, which he finally succeeds in doing, but only after the rest of the royal house has been wiped out and himself has been mortally wounded with a poisoned rapier by Laertes.
Claudius: is the current King of Denmark, Hamlet’s uncle, who succeeded to the throne upon the death of his brother. The ghost of King Hamlet tells Princess Hamlet that he was murdered by brother while he was asleep. Claudius is killed with a poisoned rapier by Hamlet who, for good measure, also forces him to drink the wine with which he had intended to poison Hamlet.
Sonnet（十四行诗）
It originated from Italy 。A fourteen-line lyric抒情poem, usually
written in rhymed（押韵）iambic pentameter（五步抑扬格）. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.
一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通常以五步抑扬格为押韵形式。
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：
Charles Dickens 查尔斯.狄更斯
Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
A Christmas Carol 《圣诞欢歌》is one of Dickens’most loved works. Pickwick Papers 《匹克威克外传》
Sketches by Boz (1836) 《博兹特写集》, the first book
Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》The Old Curiosity Shop ?老古玩店?American Notes ?美国札记?The Chimes《教堂钟声》
The Cricket on the Hearth《灶上蟋蟀》Hard Times ?艰难时世?David Copperfield ?大卫·科波菲尔?, Little Dorrit ?小杜丽?
the most autobiographical, one of the greatest English novels
Bleak House ?荒凉山庄? A Tale of Two Cities?双城记?
Great Expectations ?远大前程?
Our Mutual Friend ?我们的共同朋友?
Edwin Drood (unfinished)?艾德温·德鲁德之迷?.
作品特色
His novels tell much of the experiences of his childhood.
Almost all his novels have happy endings.
Dickens is a great humorist
Dickens is a petty bourgeois intellectual
Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens’, is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century. The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London.
Main Characters （主要人物形象）：
Oliver Twist- The main character of the story, Oliver is an affection-starved little boy who will not commit crimes. He was abused as a young child, and only wants to be loved.
His adventures make him the best of friends and the worst of enemies.
Fagin- The main antagonist in the story, “The Jew” takes Oliver under his wing and tries to make a pickpocket out of him. He is a powerful crime leader who has an affection for only money and will kill anyone who stands in his way.
Nancy- A woman who works for Fagin and tries to help Oliver which eventually leads to her death. he is passionate, caring, and loves Sikes, who eventually kills her.
Mr. Brownlow- A man who Oliver’s thief friends rob on the street. He takes Oliver in, and discovers his true parentage. Oliver Twist: an orphan who has grown up in the workhouse Mr. Bumble: an officer of the workhouse who is callous and selfish
Mr. Brownlow: a real gentleman who is kind-hearted
Fagin: a Jew who trains some children to steal things for him Sikes: a ferocious thief who is familiar with Fagin
Oliver Twist was an orphan lived in workhouse. Life there was so hard that Oliver escaped to London. However, he was controlled by Fagin to steal things. Olive was soon saved incidentally. Then he lived a happy life just for a short time as he was caught to Fagin again. But at last, Oliver lived a
permanent happy life!
Oliver Twist is about a boy named Oliver Twist, who escapes from an orphanage(孤儿院）and meets a gang of pickpocketers(扒手） in London. The novel is one of Dickens's most well-known works, and has been the subject of numerous film and television adaptations.
经典对话“Please, sir, I want some more .”
Significance （意义意味）：
The novel is a powerful exposure(暴露) of bourgeois(资产阶级) society."Oliver Twist" is one of the best works of Dickens. It is said that the publication of "Oliver Twist" brought about some bettering of conditions in the English workhouses during the author's day.
《远大前程》（Great Expectations ）
Theme:
It focus on the like experiences of Pip, a poor village boy from his early childhood , through young manhood ,with a brief summary of middle age. It’s a first person novel, less autobiographical than David Copperfield. It’s a satire upon the society and those people who dream to enter the higher
society.
Percy Bysshe Shelley (雪莱)(1792-1822) His first important poem, Queen Mab, privately printed in 1813, set forth a radical system of curing social ills by advocating the destruction of various established institutions.
The Necessity of Atheism 《无神论的必然》
Queen Mab 《麦布女王》To The Lord Chancellor 《致大法官》Laon and Cythna (The Revolution of the Golden City)《莱昂和西斯那》The Revolt of Islam 《伊斯兰的反叛》
Ode to the West Wind 《西风颂》
Prometheus Unbound 《解放的普罗米修斯》
The Cenci 《倩契》The Cloud 《云》
The Masque of Anarchy 《暴政的假面游行》
he Philosophical View of Reform 《改革的哲学观》
Ode To Liberty 《自由颂》To A Skylark 《致云雀》
Adonias: An Elegy on the Death of John Keat 《阿多尼斯》
Writing Style (写作风格)：
(1)Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.
(2)Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite,
imagistically complex, full of classical and mythological allusions. (3)His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel, or express what passionately moves us。
经典句子：
“The trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind,”向昏沉的大地吹奏! 哦, 风啊,
“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”如果冬天来了, 春天还会远吗?
Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特
( a posthumous child )
He is one of the greatest masters of English prose;
A Tale of a Tub《一个木桶的故事》Drapier's Letters《布商的信》The Battle of the Books《书的战争》Journal to Stella《给斯黛拉的日记》
Gulliver's Travels《佛列格游记》A Modest Proposal《一个温和的建议》
A Modest Proposal（一个温和的建议）Background for the Proposal :
On the 18th,Ireland was contraled by the UK,people’s lives were poor.many mother at the street with their children,because they can’t support children,these people live a beg life.JonathanSwift at the sight of this phenomeno writing the article.
Contents ( 内容)：
1) Describe the poverty in Ireland
2)The suggested solution for the problem
3)Describe how the solution will benefit society
4)Addresses opposing points of view
5)Explains why his solution is the best
Advantages (优点)：
1.It would greatly lessen the number of Papists
2.The poorer tenants will have something valuable of their own,which by law may be made liable to distress,and help to pay their landlord’s rent.
3.The profit of a new dish introduced to the tables of all gentlemen of fortune in the kingdom who have any refinement in taste.
4.The constant breeders,besides the gain of eight shillings sterling per annum by the sale of their children,will be rid of the charge of
maintaining them after the first year.
5.This food would likewise bring great custom to taverns.
6.This would be a great inducement to marriage and it would increase the care and tenderness of mothers toward their children.
Writing features ( 写作特征)：Accurate, formal words, Bitter ironySatire，Rhetorical questions，The use of persona，Metaphor, similes, hyperboles,，Repetition。
Gulliver's Travels 《佛列格游记》
Four parts:
Lilliput(小人国) Brobdingnag(巨人国)
Laputa,Balnibarbi（飞岛国）Houyhnhnms(慧骃国)
Analysis（分析）：
Gulliver :a positive good character，
like travel ,be good at study and surve，thinking; honest, friendly,never give up,cleaver, brave, and polite.
Jane Austen ( 简. 奥斯汀)
Jane Austenan English novelist。Her realism, biting irony and social commentary as well as her acclaimed plots have gained her historical importance among scholars and critics.
Sense and Sensibility《理性与感性》Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》
Mansfield Park 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》Emma 《爱玛》
Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》Persuasion 《劝导》
Features of Her Works
All in her novels the love stories of young people ,though serious and sympathetic ,is subdued by humour to the ordinary plane of emotion on which most of us live .
The founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle-class people and of which there are many fine examples in latter English fiction .Her style is easy and effortless.
Contribution ( 贡献）：
One of the most influential novelist of the early 19th century . Famous for her biting social commentary and masterful use of irony .
Also among the first English woman to break the male monoploy of novel writing .
The writing skills (写作技巧）：
Part 1, the characteristics of her writing
In her novels the love stories of young peoples though serious and sympathetic, is subdued by humor to the ordinary plane of emotion on which most of us live. It showed that England’s social life in the
19th century from side.
Part 2, figures of speech
After reading this novel, satire and humour styles were most used in here. Because of using irony effect, every figure have the comedic character and readers have unforgettable impression. By means of this quick-witted and humorous language, the using of satire was perfect. It also analyzed and exposed people’s foolish action and illusion at that time.
Main Plot（主要情节）：
The story centers around the Bennet family---Mr. & Mrs. Bennet and their five grown-up daughters. Mrs. Bennet’s chief interest in life is to have her five daughters married to rich men, since under the law of the time, if Mr. Bennet dies one day, the family estate will pass on to his nearest male relation, a clergyman called Mr. Collins.
At the beginning of the novel ,Mr. Bingley, a rich bachelor, comes to live near the house of the Bennets, and brings there his friend Mr. Darcy. Bingley falls in love with Jane,the eldest daughter, but was separated by Bingley’s sisters as well as the disapproval of Darcy. Darcy belittles（轻视）Elizabeth and hurts her dignity by refusing to dance with her.
Later, however, he falls in love with Elizabeth for her wisdom, yet when he proposes marriage to her, he finds that she is prejudiced
against him. After many amusing incidents everything is cleared up, thus Darcy overcomes his pride and Elizabeth her prejudice and they are happily united. At the same time, Darcy brings back Bingley to Jane and they are also engaged. Thus the novel comes to its happy ending.
Why does Mrs Bennet want to find good husbands for her daughter?
Mrs Bennet has five daughters who are not married yet. According to the law then, if Mr Bennet, her husband dies soon, she and her five daughters will be without home or income. So, the primary for Mrs Bennet is to find good husbands for her daughters quickly.
Major characters（主要人物形象）
Mr. Bennet: quick-minded, sarcastic, humorous, reserved, capricious Mrs. Bennet ：
a woman of mean understanding, little information and uncertain temper, self-pitying, snobbish, vulgar in taste.querulous（爱抱怨的）
Elizabeth Bennet：
lively, attractive,stunning, self-determined, brave and intelligent
Mr Darcy：selfish、arrogant 、very difficult to get along with others(Before meeting Miss Elizabeth )
Changed a lot 、Ganaiganhen、Emotion specificity (After loving Miss
Elizabeth)
Jane：Elegant ，Charming ，Shy ，Simple-minded
Mr Bingley：Amiable(友善的、和蔼的） A gentleman style Handsome
Theme (主题）：
There are seven different marriages presented in the novel ,excluding the Gardiner and the Lucas.
The remaining five marriages contrasts each other to reveal Austen's opinions and thoughts on the subject of marriage.
These five marriages contribute to the theme that a happy and strong marriage takes time to build and must be based on mutual feeling ,understanding ,and respect .
Hasty marriages acting on impulse ,and based on superficial qualities will not survive and will lead to inevitable unhappiness.
Plot（情节）：
Darcy, a very proud man, was fond of Elizabeth. But his arrogance behavior led Elizabeth to misunderstand him. Darcy noticed the conceited and leaving a long letter to explain the things. Elizabeth felt regret after reading it.
Elizabeth gradually changed her views of Darcy. When Darcy met her again, his sincere attitude and dignified behavior made her considerably surprised. Finally, they walked out of the frog which
was pride and prejudice.
“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want a wife.
Daniel Defoe（丹尼尔·笛福）
The Founder of English Novel.
1.The first English novelist (realistic)
2. a true representative of the Enlightenment
Justice is always violent to the party offending,
for every man is innocent in his own eyes.
----Daniel Defoe
Hymn to the Pillory 《枷刑颂》Robinson Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》《Duncan Campbell》《Memoirs of a Cavalier》《Colonel Jack》Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》Journal of the Plague Year 《大疫年纪事》The History of the Devil
About Robinson Crusoe
glorification of bourgeois qualities of individualism, private
enterprise, an a d even of labor
◆its details told in a simple, straightforward style, adding to the
realistic effect of the story
◆starting the tradition of realistic description and presenting
authentic details which are important for the later development of the novel.
◆1719: 60
◆success--a world classic
◆Based on the experience of Alexander Selkirk.
◆realistic novel
The story:
Describes how Robinson, a 18-century middle-class tradesman, experienced his romantic life on a wild island for 28 years.
The theme:
Celebrates赞扬the 18th –century Western civilization‘s material triumphs and the strength of human rational will to conquer the natural environment.
What major events take place in the novel?
1. shipwreck
2. sleeps in a tree
3. salvages everything of value fromt from the wrecked ship, also two cats and a dog
4. builds a home
Character analysis
The character Robinson is not common sailor. He is a businessman who takes overseas business as his cause.
Robinson is a bourgeoisie with adventurous spirit
Robinson is a bourgeoisie of practical spirit.
Robinson is bourgeoisie of colonizing character.
Tools(工具):planks，lead，gunpower，axe，saw，paper，ink，pistol，sword
Food：bread，rice，barely，corn，grape
What's the Robinson Crusoe's Characters in our book? hardworking
perseverant 坚韧不拔resourceful 足智多谋extremely practical
not pious 虔诚的optimistic rational strong-willed
Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoesie at the earlier stages of its development.
He is most practical and exact,always religious and at same time mindful of his own profit.
advantages: 优点
1) His perseverance in spending months making a canoe, and in practicing pottery making until he gets it right, is praiseworthy.
2) Additionally, his resourcefulness in building a home, growing crops
etc. is clearly remarkable.
3) Crusoe‘s business instincts are just as considerable as his survi val instincts: he manages to make a fortune in Brazil despite a twenty-eight-year absence and even leaves his island with a nice collection of gold.
disadvantages: 缺点
4）But Crusoe‘s admirable qualities must be weighed against the flaws in his character. Crusoe seems incapable of deep feelings, when Crusoe tells us that he has gotten married and that his wife has died all within the same sentence, his indifference to her seems almost cruel.
5) Moreover, Crusoe is rather dull. His precise and deadpan style of narration tends to drain the excitement from events that should be thrilling.
6) Finally, in Robinson we can see he is a colonist. He is very interested in possessions, power, and prestige. He calls himself king of the island and master of the people on the island. He teaches Friday to call him ―Master,‖ even before teaching him the words for ―yes‖ or ―no‖.
Conclusion: Overall, Crusoe‘s virtues t end to be private: his industry, resourcefulness, and solitary courage make him an exemplary individual. But his vices are social, and his urge to
subjugate others is highly objectionable. In bringing both sides together into one complex character, Defoe gives us a fascinating glimpse into the successes, failures, and contradictions of modern man
What kind of traits does Robinson possess in your mind? Ambitiou，adventurous，enterprising，fortitudinous。
Review （回顾）of Daniel Defoe
1. ____ has been regarded as the father of the novel.
A. Geoffrey Chaucer
B. Daniel Defoe
C. Henry Fielding
D. Samuel Richardson
2. In addition to The Life and Surprising Adventures of
Robinson Crusoe, Defoe also wrote ______.
A. Tom Jones
B. Pamela
C. The Adventures of Roderick Random
D. Moll Flanders
3. Which of the following is not taken into consideration when
Robinson Crusoe looks for a place to set up his tent: ______.
A. health and fresh water
英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)[1] (1)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
王守仁《英国文学选读》译文汇总.
Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦送走了土壤干裂的三月沐浴着草木的丝丝经络顿时百花盛开生机勃勃西风轻吹留下清香缕缕田野复苏吐出芳草绿绿碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日青春的太阳洒下万道金辉小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦多情的鸟儿歌唱爱情的欣欢香客盼望膜拜圣徒的灵台僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海信徒来自全国东西南北众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷去朝谢医病救世的恩主以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒那是个初夏方临的日子我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心我准备翌日出发去朝圣黄昏前后华灯初上时分旅店院里涌入很多客人二十九人来自各行各业不期而遇都到旅店过夜这些香客人人虔心诚意次日要骑马去坎特伯雷客房与马厩宽敞又洁净店主的招待周到而殷勤夕阳刚从地平线上消失众人同我已经相互结识大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上可是在我叙述故事之前让我占用诸位一点时间依我之见似乎还很必要把每人的情况作些介绍谈谈他们从事什么行业社会地位属于哪个阶层容貌衣着举止又是如何那么我就先把骑士说说骑士的人品出众而且高尚自从军以来就驰骋于疆场待人彬彬有礼大度而豪爽珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚为君主效命创辉煌战绩所到国家之远无人能比转战于基督和异教之邦因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰他攻打过亚历山大利亚在普鲁士庆功宴上有他这位佼佼者多次坐首席从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯同级的骑士都大为逊色攻克阿给西勒有他一个还出征到过柏尔玛利亚夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚他还
多次游弋于地中海跟随登陆大军将敌战败十五次比武他大显身手为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗在战场上三次杀死敌将高贵的武士美名传四方他还侍奉过柏拉西亚国君讨伐另一支土耳其异教军没有一次不赢得最高荣誉他骁勇善战聪慧而不痴愚他温柔顺从像个大姑娘一生无论是在什么地方对谁也没有讲过半个脏字堪称一个完美的真骑士他有一批俊美的千里马但是他的衣着朴实无华开价的底下是结识的布衣上上下下到处是斑斑污迹他风尘仆仆刚从战场归来片刻未休息就急忙去朝拜 Unit 2 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 生存或毁灭这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌并将其克服此二抉择就竟是哪个较崇高死即睡眠它不过如此倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患那么此结局是可盼的死去睡去但在睡眠中可能有梦啊这就是个阻碍当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊在死之长眠中会有何梦来临它令我们踌躇使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨如暴君之政骄者之傲失恋之痛法章之慢贪官之侮或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之还有谁会肯去做牛做马终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难而不远走高飞飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身后之事而使他犹豫不前此境乃无人知晓之邦自古无返者所以「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光像个病夫再之这些更能坏大事乱大谋使它们失去魄力第二场同前凯普莱特家的花园罗密欧上罗密欧没有受过伤的才会讥笑别人身上的创痕朱丽叶自上方
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第4章 15世纪(1400～1550)【圣才出品】
第4章15世纪(1400～1550) 4.1 复习笔记 Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景） (1) The Hundred Years’ War（百年战争） The Hundred Years’War continued and in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt King Henry Ⅴ (1413～1422) defeated the French army and claimed himself the heir to the French throne. 百年战争还在持续，在1415年的阿金库尔战役中，亨利5世（1413～1422）战胜了法国军队，并宣布自己是法国的继承者。 (2) The War of the Roses (1455～1485)（玫瑰战争） The War of the Roses, or the Thirty Years’ War, was a series of civil wars fought between the two great families, both of which claimed the right to the English throne. It lasted for thirty years until King Henry Ⅶ defeated Richard Ⅲ(1483～1485) at the Battle of Bosworth and ended the civil war. 玫瑰战争，又叫三十年战争，是发生在两个家族之间的一系列内战，他们都宣称自己有权统治英国。它持续了30年，直到亨利7世在博斯沃思战争（1483～1485）中打败理查德3世，内战宣告结束。 (3) The discovery of America and the new sea routes（美洲大陆和新航海线路的发现） In 1492, a Genoese mariner, Christopher Columbus (ca.1436～1506) who believed that he could reach India by sailing west, landed in America with the
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Beowulf English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.Beowulf is the national epic of the English people. Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.Its main stories are evidently folk legends of primative Northern tribes.The most striking feature of Beowulf is the use of alliteration（头韵）.In alliterative verse,certain accented word in a line begin with the same consonant sound,there are generally 4 accents in a line,three of which show alliteration.Other features are the use of metaphors and of understatements(掩饰). ―Ring-giver‖ is used for king, ―sea-wood‖for ship.Ironical humour is often regarded as a permanentcharacteristic of English. Chaucer (About 1340-1400.) His literature career can be divided into three periods:French Period (The Romaunt of the Rose) ,Italian Period,England period.Troilus and Criseyde is his longest complete poem(8000 lines) and his greatest artistic achievement.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie,he affi rms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached by the church.As a forerunner of humanism,he praises man’s energy,intellect,quick wit and love of life.Chaucer’s language,called Middle English,is vivid and exact.Contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types,especially the rhymed couplet(双韵诗体)of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the heroic couplet)to English poetry,instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. Marlowe(1564-1593)
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Pre-Renaissance period Beowulf : the first English national epic I. The position of the Beowulf: the first English national epic II.The story: (to simply narrate it ) Beowulf←→ Grendel and his mother Beowulf←→ Fire dragon III. Its artistic features 1. I t’s a 3183-line verse written in true epic style and in Old English; 2. the most evident feature: the use of alliteration; (refer to the history of literature By Liu Bingshan,) 3. to use compound-words to serve as metaphors; 4. the use of understatements: the impression and a color of humor. △5. the mixing of pagan elements with Christian colouring. Geoffrey Chaucer I. life : 1. He was born in a wine merchant family in 1340; 2. His early life as a page and his marriage acquainted him with knowledge about upper class; 3.he was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”. II. His Work: The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales The General Prologue ...
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英国文学复习资料
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