高级口译课程正文翻译
单元1 中英论坛讲话1
It is a real pleasure to be here to open the third meeting of our forum and to be welcoming such a distinguished and influential group of people from both our countries, many of whom are now old friends. The forum aims to represent the strength of the relationship between our two countries outside the political relationship and looking round today it is clear that the relationship is very strong indeed.
我很高兴地宣布我们论坛的第三次会议正式开幕,并在这里欢迎来自我们两国高层的、具有影响力的代表们。我们中的很多人都已经是老朋友了。论坛是为了体现我们两国这间关系的力量——在政治关系之外的力量。环视今日会场，显然，我们的关系非常坚固。
It is a sign for me that the forum goes from strength to strength and I believe it is playing a key role in the relations between our two countries as confirmed by the Prime Minister in our call on him this morning. This year, we have taken the theme "The Challenge of Globalization" for our meetings and discussions. This theme has a particular resonance for me.
这是一个迹象，表明我们的论坛越来越强大。我相信，论坛在我们两国关系中扮演着一个关键的角色。今早，首相在我们拜访他时就确认了这一点。今年，我们选择的主题是“全球化的挑战”，我们将就此进行会谈和讨论。对于这个主题，我尤其有感触。
On 11th September, I, along with a number of world statesmen, was in Beijing to discuss China and the World in the 21st Century. None of us could possibly have known as we debated economic development, environmental change and security issues what was going to happen that day. But many of the speakers warned of the fragility of the world order. It made me realize more clearly than at any other time just how very important "understanding" between the nations of the world is.
9月11号那天，我正在与一些国际政治家们在北京讨论中国与21世纪的世界。我们当中谁也没有想到，就在我们辩论经济发展、环境改变和安全问题的时候，那天将要发生什么事情。但是，很多发言人都警告说，世界秩序很脆弱。这使我比以往任何时候都更加清楚地认识到国家之间相互理解的重要性。
Our Forum, and the discussions we will have in the next day and a half, are part of this vital process of understanding. Globalization is a challenge for all of us, both developed and developing countries and we have a lot to share and learn. As globalization increases and as all our countries come to terms with the global reach of many industries, we can, as different nations, work together to understand the issues and effects these developments bring.
我们的论坛，以及今后一天半内的讨论，就是这种关键的相互理解过程中的组成部分。全球化对我们大家都是一个挑战，无论是发达国家还是发展中国家都一样。我们有很多需要分享和学习之处。随着全球化的发展，各国都在接受很多行业都已经跨国经营的现实。作为不同的国家，我们可以相互合作，认识这些问题以及这些发展带来的影响。
These opportunities can only be grasped by people. People talking, travelling, exchanging ideas and experiences. And that is what we are here today to do. Our discussions here will centre around a number of very interesting issues: trade and the environment in the globalization of the economy, Chinese culture facing the world, e-learning and e-commerce, balancing public purposes and commercial interests in the media, and China after WTO to name but a few.
这些机遇必须由人来把握：人们之间互相交谈、旅行、交流看法和经验。这正是我们今天要做的事情。我们这里的讨论将集中于几个很有意思的问题。经济全球化过程中的贸易与环境、面向世界的中国文化、电子学习、电子商务、在媒体的公共责任和商业利益之间保持
平衡、中国入世之后等等。
As far as I can see, joining the WTO presents a huge challenge for China. The requirements of joining WTO for corporate governance, for transparency and for reliable and enforceable laws, whilst producing some pain in the short term, will no doubt be part of the way in which economic growth can be encouraged and sustained. I personally am much looking forward to my own involvement in the discussions on small and medium sized enterprises.
在我看来，加入世贸组织对中国是个巨大的挑战。世贸组织的要求包括公司行为准则，透明度，以及可靠的、可执行的法律。这些东西短期内可能带来痛苦，但无疑是鼓励经济增长、实现持续发展的必经之路。我非常期待参与关于中小企业发展的讨论。
China's decision to embrace the dynamism of the private sector brings up the role small firms can play in achieving rapid growth and innovation. They are, and can be, a significant engine for economic development. So we have much work to do in our forum. We want to show our Chinese friends how much of a partner the UK can be but also that as a sign of a mature and true relationship, we can afford to be frank and open in our discussions with one another.
中国决定利用私营领域的活力。这就提出了小企业在取得高速发展和创新方面的作用。小企业是——也可以是——经济发展的重要动力。所以，我们的论坛有很多工作要做。我们要向中国朋友显示，英国是中国强有力的伙伴。另外，作为我们之间关系成熟、真诚的表现，我们能够开诚布公地相互讨论。
This will be particularly true in the sessions on issues of competitiveness and corporate governance that will be held tomorrow. We are building on discussions and relationships that are already well founded and I believe that this forum will take the special role that our meeting plays in the relations between our two countries further forward.
这在有关竞争力和公司行为准则——这些将于明天讨论——的话题中尤其如此。我们是在具有良好基础的讨论和关系上更上一层楼。我相信，这个论坛将把我们的会谈在两国关系中的特别作用向前推进。
单元2 中英论坛讲话2
我们同英国朋友再次聚首在美丽的泰晤士河畔，召开我们的第三次大会。我谨代表参加此次会议的中方代表，感谢英方的盛情邀请和精心安排。自去年的大会以来，中国又发生了很大变化。
We are meeting our British friends once again by the beautiful River Thames, for our third conference. On behalf of the Chinese delegates, I'd like to thank our British colleagues for your invitation and your excellent programme. Since last year's conference, China has undergone yet more changes.
尽管当前国际经济形势并不理想，但是中国的经济仍然保持了较高的增长速度。前9个月工业增长10.3% ，农村经济仍然繁荣。还有一个方面使中国人民高兴：外资企业仍然大量到中国寻求发展。
Although the world economy isn't doing well, the Chinese economy has continued to grow at a relatively high rate. In the first 9 months, industrial output grew by 10.3%. The rural economy continues to prosper. There is something else that the Chinese people are happy about. Foreign companies continue to come to China in large numbers.
今年1至9月，新批准外商直接投资项目18,580个，直接投资493.47亿美元，实际使用322亿美元，比去年增长20.66%。今年前3季度，中国经济增长率达到7.6%。
From January to September, 18,580 foreign direct investment projects were approved, with direct investment worth 49.347 billion dollars, of which 32.2 billion dollars has been utilized. This is an increase of 20.66% on last year. In the first 3 quarters of this year, the Chinese economy grew at a rate of 7.6%.
立足于促进、提高国内市场需要，是保证中国经济持续、快速、健康发展的关键。加入WTO以后，中国将更严格地遵循国际通行的市场规则，进一步对外开放。
Increasing domestic demand is the key to maintaining high growth and a healthy economy. After WTO entry, China will bring its own practices in line with the international market and will open up further.
我们相信，一个13亿人口的大市场，会为拉动世界经济发展提供可观的动力。中国还要大规模开展基础设施的建设，改造和提升工业企业的装备水平，还要提高农业的生产和加工能力。
We believe that a market as big as 1.3 billion people will provide substantial impetus to the world economy. China will continue its large-scale infrastructure programme, upgrade its industrial equipment and improve agricultural production as well as its processing capability.
这都需要在国际合作的环境中才能实现。今后10年，中国大约还要进口价值3万亿美元的设备、技术和产品。这意味着巨大的市场和商机。中国入世以后，国内弱势产业将面临严重挑战。
All of the above requires an environment of international cooperation. In the next 10 years, China will import about 3,000 billion dollars of equipment, technology and products. That is a massive market with huge commercial opportunities. After WTO entry, weaker industries in China will face serious challenges.
在环境、能源、水资源以及经济体制改革、开发大西北、缩小贫富差距等方面，还存在许多需要解决的问题。中国已敞开大门，张开双手，欢迎包括英国在内的世界各国继续参与互利合作。中英合作伙伴关系的发展，需要两国保持健康、稳定的政治关系。
There are still many problems to be solved in environment, in energy, in water resources, in the reform of the economic system, in the development of the northwest, and in reducing the gap between the rich and the poor. China has thrown its door wide open, and reached out with open arms, welcoming UK as well as other countries in the world to continue to cooperate for our mutual benefit. The development of a partnership between China and the UK requires a healthy and stable political relationship between the two countries.
不断扩大的经贸和各领域的合作关系，又有助于推动两国政治关系的发展。这符合两国人民的利益。希望我们出席这次大会的所有朋友合作努力，共同为推动中英友好合作关系的全面发展，不断做出新的贡献。
Expanding economic and trade cooperation and cooperation in other fields are conducive to the development of a bilateral political relationship. It is beneficial to the interests of our two peoples. I hope all our friends at this conference will make joint efforts, to continue to contribute to the comprehensive development of the Sino-UK relationship.
单元3 英中30年讲话
In the space of a single generation, relations between the United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China have been transformed. Government-to-government and business-to-business links are closer and more varied than ever before. But the most exciting changes have been in the
links between the British and Chinese peoples. Chinese communities have long existed as a respected and cherished presence in British cities.
在短短一代人的时间内，英国和中华人民共和国之间的关系已经发生了彻底的变化。政府之间、商界之间的关系从未像如今这样紧密、多样。但是，最令人兴奋的变化当属英中两国人民之间的联系。华人社区在英国城市中长久以来都受到尊重和珍视。
But today, more and more British people are visiting China to see for themselves the new dynamism of great cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. We are re-discovering China's incomparably rich cultural heritage, as well as its immense economic potential. The Chinese are re-discovering Britain, too. We are delighted to welcome more Chinese visitors to our country each year. Many more Chinese are finding out about Britain through modern media like television and the Internet.
但是今天，越来越多的英国人访问中国，亲眼目睹像北京、上海、广州这样的大城市的新活力。我们正在重新发现中国无与伦比、丰富多彩的文化遗产以及她巨大的经济潜力。中国人也正在重新发现英国。我们每年都很高兴地欢迎越来越多的中国客人来访。通过电视和因特网这样的现代媒体了解英国的中国人大大增加。
Indeed, there are more Chinese people learning the English language than there are native speakers of English in the world today. This growing relationship is measurable, too, in financial terms. British firms now have a huge presence in China, a sign of their confidence in the country and its future. The UK is the largest European investor, and a British company, BP, is investing more capital in China than any other foreign firm. The largest foreign manufacturing investment in Western China is also British.
毫不夸张地说，当今世界上学习英语的中国人已经超过了以英语为母语的人了。这种关系的发展也可以从经济角度来衡量。英国公司现在在中国有很大的规模。这表明他们对中国及其未来的信心。英国是欧洲在华的最大投资国。英国的BP公司在中国的投资超过了其他任何外国公司。中国西部最大的外国制造业投资也来自英国。
The UK is China's second largest European trading partner. British exports to China last year, at ￡3.72 billion were up 17% on the year 2000. China's exports to Britain are at an all-time high. Many Chinese enterprises now regard Britain's flexible and open economy has an ideal launching pad into the wider European market. All this is a far cry from 1972, when the UK and the PRC first exchanged Ambassadors. Then, there were virtually no Chinese students in Britain. Today, there are over 20,000--one of the largest overseas communities at our universities.
英国是中国在欧洲的第二大贸易伙伴。去年英国对华出口额达37.2亿英镑，比2000年增长17%。中国对英国的出口达创记录水平。许多中国企业现在把英国灵活、开放的经济看作进军更大的欧洲市场的理想跳板。这一切与1972年英中两国首次互换大使时的情景大不相同。当时，英国几乎没有中国学生，而今天有两万多，是英国大学中人数最多的海外群体。
Then, there were no direct air services between Beijing and London. This year, more than a quarter of a million British tourists will travel to China. Then, no serving British Prime Minister or Foreign Secretary had ever visited China. Last year, there were visits from eleven British ministers. The changing nature of international relations requires governments to work ever more closely together for their mutual benefit. In the globalised world economy, the security and prosperity of individual countries often depends on events beyond our borders.
1972年，北京和伦敦之间没有直接通航。而今年，将有25万多名英国游客前往中国。1972年，在位的英国首相或外相中没有人访问过中国。而去年，英国有11位大臣及部长到
访中国。国际事务性质的变化，要求政府之间出于相互利益而更加紧密地合作。在全球化的经济中，每个国家的安全和繁荣经常受制于国界之外发生的事件。
We are interdependent as well as independent. Challenges such as fighting environmental damage, ensuring global human rights are properly observed, removing barriers to trade and investments, and reducing poverty, have become truly global issues. They loom larger on the agendas of multilateral organizations like the UN, the WTO and ASEM. In the 21st century, bilateral relations between countries will depend on progress on issues like these.
我们既相互独立，又相互依赖。对付环境破坏，确保全球人权得到应有的尊重，撤除贸易和投资的障碍，减少贫困，这些挑战都已经成为名副其实的全球问题。在联合国、世界贸易组织和亚欧会议这样的多边组织的日程上，这些问题显得越来越严重。在21世纪，国家之间的双边关系将取决于在这些问题上取得的进展。
As two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, our governments work together on a daily basis on problems affecting every corner of the world. Another change in the relationship between Britain and China has been developments in Hong Kong. I am delighted that Hong Kong has prospered since 1997, and that "On Country, Two Systems" is proving such an effective approach.
作为联合国安理会常任理事国五位成员中的两位，我们双方政府每天都在相互合作，处理影响到世界各地的问题。英中两国关系的另一变化是香港问题的发展。令我感到高兴的是，香港自从1997年回归以来，继续保持繁荣，证明了“一国两制”是非常有效的做法。
As a signatory of the Joint Declaration, the UK has an abiding interest in the continued well-being of the Special Administrative Region. But this is only a part of our wider commitment to China. We are increasing the resources we allocate through our Department for International Development to poverty reduction in China from ￡25m this year to ￡60m by 2004.
作为《联合声明》的签约国，英国对香港特别行政区保持良好状况具有长期的兴趣。但这只是我们对中国更广泛承诺的一部分。我们通过国际发展部，把用于中国扶贫项目的拨款资金从今年的2500万英镑，增加到2004年的6000万英镑。
单元4 中国经济介绍
当前我国经济发展势头良好，经济增长的内在机制不断增强，基本做到了速度、质量和效益的统一。但是我们也要清醒地看到，世界上还没有一个国家的经济发展长盛不衰，永远保持高速度。中国也不可能例外。
Our economy is doing really well. The internal mechanism for economic growth has been strengthened. We have, to a large extent, struck the right balance between speed, quality and economic benefit. But it is also clear to us that there are no countries in the world that can perpetuate an economic boom and high-speed growth. China won't be an exception.
改革开放取得的成就是有目共睹的，但是，随着经济形势的变化，又出现了一些新的矛盾和问题。比如，国企改革问题、大量失业和待业问题、两极分化问题、腐败问题、金融风险问题、生态环境破坏问题等。这些问题都需要我们高度重视，尽快找到有效的解决办法。
The achievements of the reform have been there for all to see. But, as the economic climate changes, there are now new problems. These include the reform of the state-owned enterprises, substantial unemployment, the polarization of income, corruption, risks in the financial sector and ecological and environmental damage. All of them require our immediate attention and effective solutions in the shortest time possible.
我个人认为，当前中国经济发展需要注意以下几个方面：一是加强房地产投资引导，运用经济、法律手段，约束高档商品房的盲目发展，促进经济适用房建设。二是做好国际国内经济形势的跟踪监测，及时制定应对方案。
Personally, I believe China needs to pay attention to the following areas. One, we must provide guidance more forcefully using economic and legal means in the property development market, restrict blind development in up-market properties, and to promote the construction of economical and practical properties. Two, we must monitor international as well as domestic economic development closely so as to be able to respond quickly.
三是加强对汽车和钢材等行业的宏观监控，禁止低水平重复建设和无序竞争。既要及早制止某些行业过热倾向的进一步蔓延，又要鼓励经济增长中的合理因素。这里需要解决的是如何掌握分寸的问题。
Three, we must strengthen the regulation of the automobile and steel industries, reigning in low-grade repetitive construction and disorderly competition. We need to stop overheating in some sectors from spreading while at the same time encouraging rational elements in our economic growth. This is an issue of maintaining the right balance.
既要调控和引导一些行业中出现的投资增长过快的倾向，又要采取措施解决部分生产要素供需矛盾加剧的问题。四是多方采取措施，解决部分地区电力供应紧张问题。要切实加强水资源管理，缓解部分地区的缺水局面，同时加快城市和农业用水价格的改革进度。
Whilst we need to regulate the overheating of investment in some sectors, we need to take measures to solve the problem of supply falling further behind demand in others. Four, we need to coordinate our efforts to solve the problem of severe shortages of power supply in some regions. We must improve the management of water resources and seek to reduce water shortages in some regions. At the same time, we must accelerate the reform of water pricing in cities and rural areas.
五是要在当前和今后一个时期，继续深入开展廉政建设和反腐败工作。我们要从国务院开始，建设规范的行为机制，以保证政府运转协调、公正透明、廉洁高效。这些措施显示出中国领导层力求在各个层面上扫清路障，为经济增长开辟顺畅的通道的决心。
Five, we must continue our campaign to have a corruption free government. We are starting with the State Council, to set an example of conduct, to ensure that our government is well co-coordinated, fair and transparent, uncorrupted and highly efficient. These measures demonstrate our determination to clear the road ahead, the road to economic growth.
目前我国还很穷，按官方规定年人均收入600元以下为贫困线来计算，我国还有2000多万人没有脱贫。这是中国的标准。如果按联合国的贫困线每人每天1美元标准来计算，我国未脱贫的有一亿多人。
China is still poor. Based on the official poverty threshold of 600 yuan, we still have over 20 million people living in poverty. That's using China's criteria. Based on the UN's threshold of one dollar per person per day, we have over 100 million people living in poverty.
我国各种债务总数大约有13.3万亿人民币。相当于一年的国内生产总值的1.3倍多。这是一种非同小可的财政负重。另外，如何应对入世带来的挑战也是一项艰巨的任务。中国的金融改革必须加快步伐，加大力度，做好迎接国际金融竞争的准备。总体来说，我对中国经济达到年增长超过7%的目标持乐观态度。
China's total debt is about 13,000 billion yuan, the equivalent of 1.3 times of our GDP. This is a considerable burden. On the other hand, challenges brought by our WTO entry are also difficult tasks. The financial reform in China must speed up to be ready for international competition. On the whole, I'm optimistic about China achieving over 7% growth a year.
单元5 新车推出仪式
Good morning everybody. And welcome to the launch of our new L50, and to this presentation. In a way, launch is no longer the correct word. Many of you have already had a chance to get to know the new car in your test drive this morning. So, I w ill not dwell on the technical capabilities of thsi car. What I would like to do is to share with you the thoughts that have gone into developing this new model so that you'll have a better idea of why it's such an exciting car to drive.
早上好。欢迎参加L50的推出仪式，欢迎参加这场推介会。从某种意义上说，“推出”这个词已经不合适了。你们很多人今天早上在试车时，都已经对新车有了了解。所以，我不会喋喋不休地谈论这款车的技术性能。我是想与大家一起分享一下这款新车设计过程中的一些思路。这样你们就能更加清楚地知道，为什么这款车开起来是如此令人兴奋了。
I will also talk a bit about what has been happening in our company--the direction we are heading, our strategy, and our ambitions. After that, I'll talk about some of the major stages in our design and development of this model. After this presentation, we'll have lunch, which is served in the main conference hall. Our chef has promised a few surprises. I'm as curious as you are about what these might be. But, back to the presentation.
我还要谈谈我们公司内的发展：我们的前进方向，我们的战略，我们的雄心。然后，我要谈谈这款新车设计与开发过程中的一些主要阶段。推介会之后，我们吃午饭，午饭在大会厅内。我们的厨师跟我拍胸脯，说准备了一些你们想不到的东西。我和你们一样好奇，不知这些东西会是什么。好，继续我们的推介会。
Our new L50 is the first in a family of new cars to be launched this year and in the next couple of years. It is the result of the most ambitious investment in our company's history--￡125 million, in design and development, in production capabilities, in sales network and in our own people. The investment is based on our understanding of the market and our goal for the future. So what are they then?
我们的新款L50只是个开端，今年以及今后一两年中，我们还将陆续推出一整个系列的新车。这是我们有史以来最大的一个投资项目的成果。我们把1.25亿英镑投资于设计和开发、生产能力、销售网络和我们的员工。投资的基础是我们对市场的了解，以及我们今年的目标。那么，这些目标是什么呢？
We want to sell 800,000 cars a year for the next 5 years. So far this year, we've already sold 560,000, and congratulations to those of you that have contributed to this success. This represents nearly 20% increase over the previous year at a time when the market has declined by nearly 10%. Much of the increased sales have come from the commitment and dedication of our dealers and our staff. Thank you and well done.
我们今后五年的销售目标是每年80万辆车。今年到目前为止，我们已经销售了56万辆。祝贺你们为这项成就所作的贡献。这个数字相当于比去年增加了将近20%。而同期市场下跌了将近10%。销售增长中的大部分来自于代销商和我们员工的全心投入和勤奋。感谢大家，干得真漂亮。
The launch of this L50 will mark the beginning of a series of launches, giving us a full range of new cars, 3-door, 5-door, estate, diesel, and from 1 liter all the way up to our luxury 2 liter saloons. A convertible and a 4-wheel drive are also in the final design stage. With this new family, we'll be able to compete robustly with any competitor in US, and will be able to take on the EU market too. But products alone are not enough.
L50的推出标志着新车家族系列推出的开始。这将给我们带来全套新车，3门车、5门车、连箱车，柴油车、小到一公斤、大到两公斤的豪华车，应有尽有。敞篷车和四轮驱动车也已经进入设计的最后阶段。有了这个新车家族，我们就可以与任何美国厂家进行有力竞争，一比高低，而且可以进军欧洲市场。但是光有产品还不行。
We've put substantial amount of money and effort into upgrading our retail operation, into our dealer network and into our own sales force. This is built on our in-depth knowledge of our customers, what they want and what they need. It is based on the strength of our brand. If you visit one of our re-branded showrooms, you'll get a strong impression of our brand and what we stand for. We are taking market shares from our competitors. We are on target to take even more.
我们还花费了大量的资金和力气，改进我们的零售业务、我们的代销商网络和我们的销售队伍。我们的起点是我们对顾客的深入了解：他们想要什么？他们需要什么？我们的基础是我们品牌的力量。如果参观一下品牌重新标志的展厅，就会对我们的品牌和我们的价值观留下很深刻的印象。我们正在从竞争对手那里夺来市场份额。我们正在依照目标去夺得更多的市场份额。
We believe that the most effective way of getting more customers and growing our business is by new cars. Not just any new cars. It has to be new cars that re-enforce our brand value. Having test driven the L50, I'm sure you will all agree with me that the new L50 is exactly that--an embodiment of performance, safety, and functionality. These are the core elements of our brand value. These are the features that have caught the attention of media across Europe. These will be repeated in each and every new member of the family.
我们认为，获得更多顾客和发展业务的最有效的方法就是新车。但不是任何新车，而是那些可以加强我们品牌价值的新车。在试开过L50之后，我敢肯定你们大家都同意，这款新L50正是如此。它充分体现了性、安全、功能这些我们品牌的核心组成部分。这些品质吸引了欧洲各地媒体的注意，而且将在所有新车家族成员身上体现出来。
That's all I'd like to say at this stage. My colleagues will now take you through some of te highlights in the design and development. This is a short video we produced just before this launch. It is meant to answer some questions .What is the thinking behind this development? How do we translate concepts into a new model? How does our core value influence the thinking of people on the factory floor and in showrooms? Ladies and gentlemen, the new L50.
我就讲到这里。我的同事们将向各位介绍一些设计和开发过程中的小高潮。这是一部简短的录像，是这次推出仪式前刚刚录制的，旨在回答几个问题：这次开发背后的考虑是什么？如何把概念转化成新车型？我们的核心价值是如何影响工厂工人和销售员的？女士们、先生们，我们的新L50。
单元6 中国金融介绍
今天，我想就中国的金融体制改革，谈谈几点建议。中国金融改革在“九五”期间已经取得了巨大成就，但是需要做的事情还很多。由于时间关系，我在这里不求全面，只想提出几个我感触比较深的想法，供大家参考。
Today, I'd like to talk about the financ ial reform in China. China has achieved a great deal in the Ninth Five-Y ear Plan, but we still have a lot to do. Given that time is short, I won't try to cover everything, but to put forward a few ideas that I feel quite strongly about, some food for thought.
加入WTO的过渡期充期量只有两年多。中国必须在这短短的时间内，完成迎接外资进入中国金融市场的战略安排，完成对国有独资商业银行的体制改革，推动符合条件的商业银
行上市，在金融全球化的潮流中激流勇进。
After WTO entry, the transition period is not much more than 2 years. China, within this short time, must complete its strategic set-up in preparation for the entry of foreign competitors. We must complete the reform of the wholly state-owned commercial banks, and help qualified commercial banks to seek listings in the stock market. We need to ride the wave of financial globalization.
我认为，“十五”期间，中国必然将几大国有的独资商业银行重组为更多数量的股份制商业银行，由中国人民银行继续担任中央银行的角色。应该开始考虑允许建立省级银行。各行实行独立的法人制度。
In my view, during the Tenth Five-Y ear Plan, China must break up the handful of wholly state-owned commercial banks into a greater number of share-owned commercial banks. The People's Bank of China will remain the central bank. We should begin to consider allowing the establishment of provincial level banks. Each bank will be an independent legal person.
中国必须进一步完善商业银行内部的结构改革。我尤其希望要加强银行经理人员的培训，提高他们的素质。这里我建议，参照发达国家银行业的培训方法，为我国造就一批知己知彼、了解竞争对手的人才。
China must improve the structural reform of its commercial banks. I particularly want to see better training for managers and improvement in their skills. I would suggest here that we learn from banks in developed countries and produce a generation of Chinese managers that know themselves and their competitors equally well.
我建议尽早开始综合经营的试点。允许试点金融机构开展国外商业银行普遍参与的业务，提供更加全面的客户服务。试点的挑选必须是近年来业绩显著、实力雄厚、体制改革成功的银行。
I recommend early piloting of comprehensive services, allowing pilot financial institutions to operate in areas common among foreign commercial banks, to offer a wide range of services to customers. The selection of pilot banks must be based on their performance in recent years, their strength, and their success in the financial reform.
新业务可以包括按照市场供需原则开发、推出新的贷款品种，以满足经济发展和社会发展的需要。近年来，在抵押贷款方面的尝试就是一个很好的成功例子。另外，发达国家银行提供保险和个人投资服务的做法，也很值得借鉴。
The new business areas may include the launch of new loan products, according to the market principle of supply and demand, so as to meet the requirements of economic and social development. Mortgages over recent years are an excellent example. In addition, banks in developed countries offer insurance and personal investment services. That's also worth considering.
与此相关，中国必须尽快建立起贷款利率的市场机制，让商业银行参照中央银行的基本利率，根据市场动作需要和自身利益确定各自的浮动利率。这不仅是个银行改革问题，还将大大改善银行业对消费者的服务，刺激经济发展。
Linked to this, China must establish the market mechanism for interest on loans as soon as possible, to allow commercial banks to decide on their own floating interest rates by taking into account the base rate from the central bank, and their own operations in the market as well as their own interests. This is not just an issue of banking reform. It will greatly improve the services banks offer to consumers, stimulating economic growth.
我们必须理顺监管体制。监管机关必须既拥有监管混业经营的能力，又能够根据不同对
象的性质分别对待和处理，也就是说必须区别对待不同类型的商业银行。我认为，目前情况下，国有独资商业银行尚不具备混业经营的条件。
We must rationalize our regulatory system. The regulator must have the capacity to regulate comprehensive services. It must also be able to recognize the nature of business of each bank and treat them accordingly. That is to say, the regulator must be able to treat different commercial banks differently. Under the current circumstances, I don't think the wholly state-owned commercial banks are ready for comprehensive services.
单元7 英国金融体系
Traditionally HM Treasury, along with the Bank of England, has been responsible for deciding all aspects of the UK's economic and financial policy. Following the 1997 election, in which the Labor Party came to power, the macroeconomic policy framework has been reformed. The aim of this reform is to help provide a framework for improved macroeconomic stability and economic growth.
传统上，由财政部和英格兰银行负责英国经济和金融的各方面政策。1997年大选之后，工党上台掌权，改革了宏观经济框架。改革的目的是为了提供一个框架，以加强宏观经济稳定，促进经济增长。
I would like to explain the key features of the UK economic policy framework, identify the key institutions, their leaders and their main responsibilities. There are three main institutions. The first is HM Treasury which is responsible for the overall economic framework and for fiscal policy in particular. It is led by the Chancellor, Gordon Brown who is an elected politician.
我想解释一下英国经济政策框架的特点，介绍主要机构、领导人和他们的主要职责。一共有三个主要机构，第一个是财政部。财政部负责整体经济框架，尤其是财政政策。财政部由财政大臣布朗领导，他是当选的政界人士。
He is supported by 4 junior ministers with specific responsibilities, who are also elected politicians. The Ministers receive advice from three main sources: civil servants, political advisers. And for some specific projects, business leaders also prepare advice. Fiscal policy is decided through two main processes: the budget and the spending review process.
他由4位负有具体职责的次长支持工作，这些次长也是当选的政界人士。次长们有3个咨询来源：公务员，政治顾问，还有在一些具体项目中，商界领导人也会准备咨询意见。财政政策的决定有两个主要程序：一个是预算，另一个是开支回顾。
The budget is presented each spring to Parliament. It sets out tax policy for the year. Since 1997 there has also been a pre-budget report. This explains progress and suggests some ideas for discussion. Later in the Spring Budget a decision is made. Spending policy is decided every three years. There are two main elements of spending policy. Both are decided at the same time.
预算每年春季提交给议会。预算定出本年的税收政策。1997年以来，实行了预算前报告的做法，报告解释预算进展，提出一些想法供讨论，然后在春季预算里做决定。开支政策每3年定一次，政策中有两个主要组成部分，同时进行确定。
One, the amount of money which each department receives and two, using this money, targets each department will achieve. For example for the Education Department a target for how many children pass exams. The second main institution is the Bank of England. It is led by someone non-political; at the moment, Eddie George. In 1997 it was given full independence to set interest rates. A committee, which includes a Treasury civil servant, makes the decision.
一个是政府部门的拨款额，另一人是用这些钱达到什么目标。比如，教育部的目标包括有多少儿童通过考试。第二个主要机构是英格兰银行，行长是非政界人士，现任行长是埃迪?乔治。英格兰银行于1997年开始完全独立地确定利率，由一个有财政部公务员参加的委员会作出决定。
The level of interest rates is set in order to achieve a certain rate of inflation. This target rate is decided by the Chancellor. Therefore although the bank can decide the level of interest rates without any interference, the macroeconomic position is guided by an elected politician who is responsible to the country. The Bank also deals in the foreign exchange market.
确定利率水平是为了达到一定的通胀目标，这个目标是财政大臣确定的。虽然英格兰银行可以不受干涉地确定利率，但是宏观经济政策由一位当选的政界人士指导。这位政界人士向全国负责。英格兰银行还参与外汇市场的交易。
Finally, the Financial Services Authority is responsible for monitoring and regulating the financial services industry. It has four main aims. One, maintaining confidence in the UK financial system. They supervise stock exchanges. Two, promoting public understanding of the financial system. They help consumers to become informed consumers, so that they can manage their financial affairs more effectively.
最后，是金融服务当局，其责任是监管金融服务行业。当局有4个目的，第一是维护人们对英国金融体制的信心，他们还监管股市。第二是向公众宣传金融体制，帮助消费者掌握信息，更有效地理财。
Three, securing the right degrees of protection for consumers. They monitor how firms and individuals are meeting standards. Where serious problems arise they investigate and, if appropriate, discipline or prosecute those that have violated rules. Four, helping to reduce financial crime. Their work focuses on three main types of financial crime: money laundering; fraud, and criminal market misconduct such as insider dealing.
第三是为消费者提供适当程度的保护，监督公司和个人是否符合行为标准。出现严重问题时，进行调查。适当时，处分或起诉违反规定的人。第四是协助减少金融犯罪。他们的注意力集中在3个方面：洗钱，诈骗，还有像知情者交易这种违法的市场行为。
单元8 中国电讯行业
首先，欢迎各位参加我们今天的介绍会。大家知道，中国已经正式成为世界贸易组织成员。按照签署协议的承诺，中国将逐步开放电讯基础业务和增值业务市场，允许外资在中国直接投资并建立合资企业。
First of all, I would like to welcome you to this presentation. As you know, China has become a member of the WTO. In accordance with the agreement, China will gradually lift its restrictions on the telecommunications infrastructure market and the value-adding market, allowing foreign companies to invest directly in China or to set up joint ventures.
中国电讯市场的前景无量。单是国内手机市场的规模，就不低于1500亿元人民币。可以预测，仅电讯业务、电讯基础网络和用户设备三项，到2005年至少有价值1.5万亿元人民币的市场需求。市场的巨大增长潜力，可以从多方面来看。
The telecommunications market in China has enormous potentials. The mobile phone market alone will be worth no less than 150 billion yuan. It is estimated that the telecommunications industry, the telecommunications infrastructure network and user equipment, just the three of them combined, will be worth at least 1,500 billion yuan by 2005. The growth potential of the market
can be seen in many ways.
其一，电讯用户数量还在不断增加，每年都需要为新增用户提供大量用户设备。不仅如此，原有用户的设备也需要更新换代。用户规模的扩张，又要求网络等基础设备的规模不断扩大、更新、改进，从而带动对网络设备的需求以及与网络设施相关的工程建设。
One, the number of telecommunications users continues to grow. Every year, we need to provide a large amount of user equipment for new users. Not only that, existing users need to upgrade their equipment too. The growth of users in turn requires networks and the infrastructure to expand, upgrade and improve, driving the demand for network equipment and the construction of network-related facilities.
其二是，由于电讯领域利润丰厚，一些非电讯业务公司，也在跃跃欲试，希望进入电话市场。一些经营增值业务的企业、电脑网络公司，更希望进入基础电讯领域经营。电讯市场进一步开放，会给这些公司创造机会，这将迅速成为外资投资的新领域。
Two, as telecommunications is a very profitable business, some non-telecommunication companies are also itching to have a piece of the action. Companies in the value-adding and computer network business are particularly keen to enter the telecommunications market. Further liberalization will bring opportunities to these companies. This will make it a new area for foreign investment in the very near future.
其三是电讯技术发展迅速。新技术、新设备不断出现。国际电讯制造业都看好中国素质较高而且价格低廉的劳动力。国内在电讯用户设备和网络设备方面的制造优势正逐渐显现。随着电讯和网络设施不断进步、更新，电讯制造业商机勃勃。
Three, telecommunication technology is developing fast. New technology and new equipment are introduced all the time. The international telecommunications manufacturing industry is attracted by relatively high quality and yet cheap labor in China. The manufacturing of telecommunications user equipment and network equipment in China is beginning to show its supremacy. As telecom and network facilities continue to develop and upgrade, there will be numerous opportunities in manufacturing.
其四，经过多次改革，已经形成由中国联通、中国铁通、中国电信、中国网通、中国移动和中国卫星等六家企业为主体的电讯新格局。这六家企业都急需扩大自身实力，争取外资的愿望十分强烈，成为外资打入中国市场的一条捷径。
Four, after several stages of reform, there are now China Unicom, China Railcom, China Telecom, China Netcom, China Mobile and China Satellite, the six main players. They are all keen to become stronger, keen to attract foreign investment, offering foreign capital a fast-track entry into the Chinese market.
中国电讯业在过去十几年中已经积累起了巨额资产，而且盈利丰厚，可以为外国资本提供足够的合资机会。到2005年，中国电讯基础网络设施的投资每年都会超过2500亿元人民币。其中不仅包括新设备、新设施的投资，还包括现有设备的维护和修理等的投资。
The telecommunications industry in China has accumulated fast capital for over a decade. It's highly profitable and will provide sufficient finance for joint ventures. In 2005, investment in telecommunications infrastructure and network facilities in China will exceed 250 billion yuan. That includes not only new equipment and new facilities, but also the maintenance and repair of existing equipment.
当然，中国电讯市场的开放是分阶段的。但是，限制会越来越少。很多人已经把中国电讯市场比喻成吸引外资投放的“金矿”。过去10年间，外商在中国电讯市场上的投入已获得丰厚的回报。因此，我希望各位不要再犹豫，否则，市场完全开放了，好机会就可能已经被
人家先抢走了。
Of course, the lifting of control will take place in stages. But there will be fewer and fewer restrictions. Many people are describing the telecommunications market in China as a goldmine for foreign investment. In the past decade, foreign investment in China's telecommunications market has been richly rewarded. So, I hope you won't hold back any more. When the market is completely open, the best opportunities may have been snatched up by others.
单元9罗克维尔公司
Rockwell Automation is a leading industrial automation company focused to be the most valued global provider of power, control and information solutions. With a focus on automation solutions that help customers meet productivity objectives, the company brings together leading brands in industrial automation.
罗克维尔自动化公司是著名的工业自动化公司，致力于成为在动力、控制和信息解决方案方面最受珍视的全球供应商。我们的焦点是自动化解决方案，帮助顾客达到生产力目标。公司在工业自动化领域拥有领先的品牌。
We are also a leading provider of contact management technologies and applications, marketed under the Rockwell FirstPoint Contact brands that help companies more efficiently manage interaction with their own customers. Global technical and customer service is an integral part of Rockwell Automation, with nearly 5,600 distributors, system integrators and agents serving customers in 80 countries.
我们还是接触管理技术与应用方面的著名供应商。在“罗克维尔第一接触点”的品牌下推广，帮助顾客公司更有效率了管理和他们的顾客之间的互动。全球技术和顾客服务是罗克维尔自动化公司不可分割的组成部分。我们有近5600个分销商，系统整合专家和代理商，为80个国家的顾客服务。
We extend our capabilities through partnerships with a network of reliable local companies in distribution, software and product referencing. With leading brands and strategic partnerships, we deliver industry solutions around the world. Rockwell Automation is financially and strategically focused on helping manufacturers address the growing competitive pressures to reduce costs, conserve resources, improve productivity and reduce the time to market for material goods and services.
我们与许多可靠的当地分销公司、软件和产品检索公司结成伙伴关系，并以此扩展了我们自己的能力。由于有了领先的品牌和战略伙伴，我们在世界各地提供行业解决方案。罗克维尔自动化公司从财务和战略上都把焦点放在帮助制造商对付在降低成本、保有资源、提高生产力、缩短产品和服务的推出时间方面越来越大的竞争压力。
For example, the newly formed Global Manufacturing Solutions business will be a focal point of Rockwell Automation's core growth strategy. It will provide total cost of ownership solutions, such as asset and integration management and consulting services that will allow manufacturers to quickly respond to industry trends. The company has three major business units and 50% stake in the Rockwell Scientific Company.
比如，新成立的全球制造解决方案业务将成为罗克维尔自动化公司核心增长战略的一个焦点。它将为拥有者提供解决方案的总成本，例如资产与统合管理，以及咨询服务，这使制造商能够迅速地对行业走向作出反应。我们公司有三大业务部门，并且拥有罗克维尔科学公司50%的股份。
First, Rockwell Automation Control Systems. The business is organized into three operating units: Components and Packaged Applications, Automation Control and Information Group and Global Manufacturing Solutions. These businesses provide a comprehensive suite of automation solutions along a value-added continuum that ranges from power and components to control and information platforms to global manufacturing solutions.
第一，罗克维尔自动化控制系统。这方面业务分成三个运营单位：零部件和成套应用、自动控制和信息集团，还有全球制造解决方案。这些业务提供了一整套自动化解决方案，组成了增加价值的持续过程，从动力和零部件到控制和信息平台，直至全球制造解决方案。
Second, Rockwell Automation Power System. The business is organized into two groups including, Dodge mechanical power transmission products and Reliance Electric industrial motors and drives found in every industry and commercial application. Reliance Electric and Dodge products have been powering industrial plants since the early 1900s, controlling machine movement and speed in some of the most demanding manufacturing environments.
第二，罗克维尔自动动力系统。这方面业务分成两组，一个是道齐公司的机械传动产品，另一个是可靠电动公司的工业马达和各种行业以及商业用途的驱动器。可靠电动公司和道齐公司的产品自20世纪初期就开始为工厂提供动力，在一些要求最高的制造业环境中控制机械的移动和速度。
Third, Rockwell FirstPoint Contact. It is a global provider of complete customer contact solutions that support multiple channels, including voice, e-mail, web, wireless and V oIP, through a unique open interaction infrastructure. The first to develop technology to help automate customer call centers, Rockwell FirstPoint Contact has a 30 year global reputation for reliability, dependability, on-time, on-budget delivery and superior customer service.
第三，罗克维尔第一接触点。这是一个全套顾客接触解决方案的全球供应商，这些方案支持多种渠道，包括声音、电子邮件、网站、无线和V oIP。采用的是一种独特的开放式互动基础结构。第一个开发技术使顾客服务电话中心自动化的就是“罗克维尔第一接触点”。他们30年来，由于可靠、可仰赖、及时并且依照预算的送达，还有超凡的顾客服务而誉满全球。
In addition to its business divisions, Rockwell Automation shares ownership of Rockwell Scientific Company with avionics and communications industry leader Rockwell Collins Operating from facilities in Thousand Oaks and Palo Alto, California. Rockwell Scientific Company conducts research on projects ranging from disruptive technologies intended to catalyze new business opportunities to technology application and transition.
除了这些营业分部外，由罗克维尔自动化公司部分地拥有罗克维尔科学公司。另外的股东是航空动力学和电讯方面的著名公司罗克维尔?柯林斯公司，他们在加州的绍森欧克斯和帕罗阿尔托都有工厂。罗克维尔科学公司进行的研究从用于促进新业务机会产生的新低简技术，到技术应用和过渡都有。
单元10 中国信息行业2
中国信息化建设既快速发展，又循序渐进。从互联网发展情况看，目前中国境内上网计算机突破1000万台，互联网用户数近3000万户，获准经营互联网业务的单位有3600家，网上中文站点26万个。
Informatisation in China has achieved a good balance between speed and well-planned progression. In we look at the Internet, there are now over 10 million computers connected with
nearly 30 million users. There are 3,600 licensed operators with over 260,000 Chinese websites.
按这种趋势推算，到2002年底，中国的上网用户人数将达6100万，仅次于美国。作为互联网的主要应用，电子商务在中国得到了较快的发展。调查显示，目前中国电子商务网站数量已达1100余家。2000年中国电子商务交易额达771.6亿人民币。
If this trend continues, by the end of the year, there will be 61 million users, second only to the US. As one principle application of the Internet, e-commerce has seen good growth in China. Studies show that there are now over 1,100 e-commerce websites. In 2000, e-commerce sales reached 77.16 billion yuan.
据预测，到2003年中国将成为亚太地区第三大在线市场，电子商务销售额将超过565亿美元。预计未来几年内，中国软件和信息服务业发展将保持30%以上的发展速度。为实现上述目标，我们面临着艰巨的任务。首先必须努力在带宽“瓶颈”上取得突破。
It is estimated that in 2003, China will become the third largest on-line market in the Asia-Pacific with sales of over 56 billion US dollars. It is expected that in the next few years, the software and information service industries in China will maintain their growth rate of over 30%. To achieve that target, we face serious challenges. First, we must break through the bottleneck of band width.
我们必须加快建设超大容量、技术先进、灵活高效、规模效益、具有较强国际竞争力的科研生产体系。我们要在应用上取得突破，实现统一协调与互动共享，以改造传统产业为重点，全面推进信息化建设。中国信息产业既是信息化建设的基础，同时也是信息化的重要组成部分。
We must accelerate the development of our R&D as well as our production capabilities with super capacity, advanced technology, flexibility as well as efficiency, and an economy of scale. We must achieve breakthroughs in application as well as integration, coordination and interactive sharing. Our priority has to be the transformation of traditional industries, driving forward informationsation on all fronts. The information industry in China forms the basis for informatisation. It is also part of the process.
按照我们的理解，所谓信息化就是指在农业、工业、科学技术和社会各个方面应用现代信息技术。经过十几年的实践，我们逐步形成了符合中国国情的完整信息化体系，不断推进领域信息化、区域信息化、企业信息化和社区信息化建设。
In our understanding, informatisation refers to the use of modern information technology in agriculture, industry, science and technology and in society. Over several decades, we have built up a comprehensive information system that meets China's needs. We are continuing to drive forward informatisation in all fields, regions, enterprises and communities.
目前，中国对信息化重要性的认识提高到了全新的高度。中国已把大力推进国民经济和社会信息化，作为国家重大战略决策和覆盖现代化建设全局的战略举措；并提出以信息化带动工业、以信息化促进现代化、发挥后发优势，实现社会生产力的跨越式的发展。
Our understanding of the importance of informatisation has reached a new level. China has made the informatisation its national strategy, encompassing the entire modernization programme. We declare that we want to drive industrialization and modernization with informatisation. We want to take the advantage of the fact that we are a new comer to make substantial improvements in our social productivity.
国家重点企业有70%以上已经接入互联网，50%以上建立了内部局域网。许多企业如联想、海尔、康佳等已经开始给企业管理信息系统升级。这些工作将有助于中国的企业进一步提升核心竞争力。
70% of the national priority enterprises have been connected to the Internet. Over 50% have set up an intranet connexion. Many companies such as Lenovo, Haier and Konka have started upgrading their management information systems. All this will help to improve the core competitiveness of China companies.
以上是我对中国信息产业现状、挑战和发展方向的简要介绍，希望有助于各位对我们的了解。接下来我很乐意回答大家的问题。
That was my introduction to China's information industry, its challenges and future direction.
I hope it helps you to understand us. Now I'm happy to take your questions.
单元11 Enviros环保公司
Enviros was founded in 1995 and brought together a number of consultancies with a track record of performance in the environmental field, including Aspinwall, March and Quantisci. Enviros has over 350 people in ten offices in the UK, one office in the Irish Republic, two offices in mainland Europe and one office in Canada. Through partner organizations we extend globally, with active projects on every continent.
Enviros成立于1995年，组合了几家在环保领域业绩优良的咨询公司，其中包括Aspinwall、March和Quantisci。Enviros有350名员工，在英国有10个办事处，爱尔兰一个，欧洲大陆两个，加拿大一个。通过伙伴公司，我们的范围横跨全球，各大陆上都有正在进行的项目。
Enviros is managed on cross-office basis in line with our market facing divisions. Each division is headed by a director and, together with Dave Murphy, Jeff Iliffe and the four support service directors--Finance, HR, IT and Marketing, make up Enviros' senior management team. Each division is then divided up into groups and the teams reflecting our ideas of expertise. A team typically consists of 5 to 10 consultants.
Enviros实行跨办事处管理，按照面对市场的部门划分。每个部门都由一位董事领导，另外，Dave Murphy, Jeff Iliff和四位支持服务部门的董事，即财务、人事、信息技术和市场推广董事，组成了高层经理队伍。每个部门分成小组，小组分成团队，反映出我们的专长。团队的典型人数是5~10名咨询人员。
Enviros offers a comprehensive package of expertise in business strategy, economics, energy engineering and management, feasibility studies, design and project management, training and specialist software to enable clients to comply with laws and regulations. We help clients to meet climate-change-related requirements of legislation and key performance criteria as well as deliver significant cost savings.
我们提供内容广泛的专业服务，在商业战略、经济学、能源工程和管理、可行性研究、设计和项目管理、培训和专用软件各个方面，帮助客户达到法规的要求。我们帮助客户达到与气候变化相关的立法要求和关键表现标准，另外还为客户明显节省开支。
We work with clients and their financial intermediaries to assess the environmental assets and liabilities of a business. We cover all the main regional finance centers in the UK, and through our membership of the CA T Alliance, we can offer advice in more than 50 countries for cross border deals. We are an associate member of the British V enture Capital Association and, with the CA T Alliance, a member of the European V enture Capital Association.
我们与客户以及他们的金融中介公司合作，评估公司在环保方面的资产和负担。我们覆盖英国的所有的区域金融中心。作为CA T联盟成员，我们能够在50多个国家提供跨境交易的咨询。我们是英国风险投资协会的联系会员。作为CA T联盟的成员，我们又是欧洲风险
投资协会的成员。
Sustainable waste management requires organizations to design products that use fewer materials; use processes that produce less waste; put waste to good use through re-use, recycling, composting and using waste as fuel; and to choose products made from recycled materials. In waste and resources management, Enviros provides strategic, technical and economic solutions throughout the UK, Ireland and the rest of Europe.
可持续废物管理要求各个公司和组织设计出使用材料比较少的产品，采用产生废物比较少的流程，通过再次使用、回收使用、堆化土料、变废料为燃料的方法，利用废物，并且选用回收使用的材料作为原材料。在废物和资源管理方面，Enviros提供战略、技术和经济解决方案，在英国、爱尔兰和欧洲各地服务。
We have an enviable record of the environmental management of land and water assets for major landholders. With an increasing need to regenerate "brown field" sites, a solutions-based approach to land and water resources has created an unrivalled reputation in the field of contaminated land, redevelopment and its associated disciplines. Decisions on environmental protection require knowledge of how potential hazards would be affected by changes in management practices.
我们拥有令人羡慕的业绩，在为大面积土地拥有者提供土地和水资产环保管理方面，成绩卓著。由于治理“棕色土地”的需要不断增加，以解决方案为主的土地和水资源管理为我们带来了无可比拟的声誉，在受污染土地、重新开发，以及相关领域都出类拔萃。考虑环保方面的决定时，需要知道潜在危害与改变管理做法之间的关系。
With respect to storage and disposal facilities for radio-active and other hazardous wastes, it is crucial to understand how contaminants move through the geosphere and how long-term performance of disposal facilities can be affected by geological and climatic changes over time. Alongside its UK offices, the group has an office in Barcelona which serves the main local and international waste management agencies as well as key industrial multinational companies.
至于放射性和其他有害废物的储存和处理设施，关键是了解污染物如何在陆界中移动，以及这些处理设施的性能会随着时间的推移，受到地质和气候的影响。除了英国办事处之外，我们在巴塞罗那有个办事处，服务于当地的和国际上的大型废物管理机构，以及主要跨国工业公司。
The team in Barcelona provide chemical and geochemical, hydrological and geological, environmental assessment and software application capabilities, and apply these to a range of radioactive and industrial waster management, soil and ground water pollution problems and environmental management related issues. A major project the Barcelona teams have contributed to is the Epicenter Project to improve environmental performance in organizations across the EU.
我们在巴塞罗那的队伍提供化学和地质化学、水文地质和地质及环境评估和软件应用能力。他们利用这些能力来解决一系列放射性和工业废物管理问题、土壤和地面水污染，以及与环保管理有关的问题。我们在巴塞罗那的人员作出贡献的一个主要项目是震中项目，为的是改善欧盟内许多组织在环保上的表现。
单元12 上海招商介绍
上海地处长江三角洲前缘，正当我国南北海岸线的中部，地理位置优越。这里平均海拔高度为4米左右，属热带季风气候，四季分明，日照充分，雨量充沛。中国第三大岛崇明岛就在上海。
Shanghai is on the tip of the Y angtze Delta, in the middle of China's coastline running down
from the north to the south. It is very well located. Shanghai averages about 4 meters above sea level. It has a tropical monsoon climate, with four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall. The third largest island in China, the Chongming Island, is within Shanghai's territory.
上海的面积从1949年的636.18平方公里增至现在的6340.5平方公里，人口从1949年的520万人，增至现在的1327.14万人。上海正向现代化国际大都市的目标迈进，肩负着面向世界、服务全国的重任。
Shanghai has grown from about 636.18 square kilometers in 1949 to about 6,340 square kilometers today. Its population has grown from 5.2 million in 1949 to about 13.27 million today. Shanghai is striving towards its goal of becoming a modern, international metropolitan city. It is China's window to the world and a powerhouse of the Chinese economy.
中国改革开放以来，上海国民经济保持经济快速增长势头。2001年全市GDP总值4950.80亿元，人均GDP突破4500美元，全年货物吞吐量2.21亿吨，出口总额276.28亿美元，财政收入1995.62亿元，社会固定资产投资1984.31亿元。国内生产总值连续10年保持10%以上的增长率。
After the reform and opening up, Shanghai's economy has maintained rapid growth. In 2001, its GDP was 495 billion yuan. Its per capita GDP broke through 4,500 US dollars barrier. It handled 221 million tons of cargo. It exported 276 million US dollars worth of goods and services. It brought in 199.56 billion yuan of tax revenue and invested 198.43 billion yuan in fixed assets. Its GDP growth has been at over 10% a year for 10 consecutive years.
上海的工业总产值占全国1/12，港口货物吞吐量占全国1/10，口岸进出口商品额占全国1/4，财政收入占全国1/8。上海为全国现代化建设作出了重大的贡献。
Shanghai is responsible for one twelfth of China's industrial output, one tenth of cargo handling, a quarter of imports and exports, and one eighth of the tax revenue. Shanghai has been making substantial contributions to the modernization of China.
上海作为一个国际化的大都市，交通十分发达。有通往世界59个城市国际的航线和14条海上国际航线，两个国际机场；有中国最大的港口，与世界上200多个国家和地区的1100多港口建立航运关系；有各种铁路线近百条。便利的交通，促进了上海与世界各国的交往。
Shanghai is an international city with excellent transport links. It has airline routes to 59 cities in the world, 14 international sea routes. There are 2 international airports and it has the biggest port in China, linking up with over 1,100 ports in over 200 countries and regions. There are nearly one hundred railway lines. Shanghai's excellent transport links have benefited its relationship with the rest of the world.
上海拥有全国领先的现代化教育体系。全市普通高等院校32所，成人高校37所，高等职业技术学院5所，中等职校267所。上海在“十五”期间将不断地完善终身教育体系，加快优秀人才培养和集聚，形成人才资源高地。
Shanghai leads China with its modern education system. There are 32 institutions of higher education, 37 adult colleges, 5 senior trade and technical colleges and 267 mid-range trade and technical schools. In the Tenth Five Y ear Plan, Shanghai will continue to improve its lifelong learning system, accelerate the training and gathering of talents, in order to build up a large pool of human resources.
上海是一个金融发达的城市。中国人民银行、中国银行、中国工商银行、中国建设银行、中国农业银行、交通银行等设立的分行，以及众多的证券交易网点遍布大街小巷。更值得一提的是，已有诸多的外国银行在上海设立了分行和办事机构。
Shanghai is a highly developed financial city. The People's Bank of China, the Bank of China,
the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Construction Bank of China, the Agricultural Bank of China and the Communication Bank of China all have branches in Shanghai. Together with the share dealing networks, they are everywhere. It is particularly w orth mentioning here that many foreign banks have set up branches and offices in Shanghai.
上海有良好的投资环境和优惠的投资政策，涉及十多个领域的几十个行业。还有产品全部直接出口的特许待遇。为了鼓励外国投资，凡从事投资额大、回收期长的项目，比如能源、交通基础设施的建设和经营者，除一般外资待遇之外，还有特别优惠。
Shanghai has an excellent investment environment and excellent policies, covering dozens of sectors in more than ten industries. There are also concessions for products that are solely destined for export. In order to encourage foreign investment, if you invest in large projects that take a long time to recover investment, for example in the construction and operation of energy and transport infrastructures, you will be entitled to special concessions in addition to the benefits enjoyed by foreign investors.
高级口译翻译(第四版)
Unit1 1．欢迎希尔博士和夫人来访上海。 Welcome to Shanghai, Dr. and Mrs. Hill. 2．请允许我做自我介绍。 Please allow me to introduce myself. 3．我叫洪建信，是中美医药公司的副总经理。 My name is Jianxin Hong. I am deputy managing director of t he Sino-American Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. 4. 我们很荣幸能请到您，我也特别高兴能认识您。 It is a great honor to have you here with us .And I am so delighted to make your acquaintance . 5. 我们去取行李吧。 We wil go there and pick up the luggage . 4．久闻先生大名, 我在研究生学习时期所写的两篇论文曾参考了您的研究成果。 I have long heard of you,and as a matter of fact, I referred to your research findings in a couple of my papers during my graduate studies. 6．我为能在上海接待您和您的家人深感愉快，我很高兴我们能在今后的半年里合作共事。 It gives me such a great pleasure to meet you and your family here in Shanghai and I am very glad that you will be working with us for the next six months.
《英汉翻译课程教学大纲》
英汉翻译课程教学大纲 一、课程的目的和任务 《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》的教学目的和任务是，从英译汉和汉译英的一般规律和原则出发，围绕翻译的基本理论、英汉异同的对比以及翻译实践中成功或失败的实例，介绍汉英两种语言的对比与分析、各类文体的语言特点以及不同翻译方法，向学生传授基本的翻译理论和常用方法、技巧，通过反复实践培养学生汉英翻译基本技能。通过学习，学生能够熟练地运用已掌握的英语基本语法和词汇等知识，忠实、准确、通顺、完整地将汉语句子、段落和短文译成英语，并对文化差异有着较强的敏感性，能够较好地处理英汉互译中具有民族特色的形象、比喻等，胜任一般性的政治、经济、文化、科技、应用文等的翻译工作。同时，还要注重培养学生严谨的学风，避免不求甚解、逐词死译和望文生义。 适当补充口译实践，训练学生在政治、经济、文化等方面的能力，并提高学生的政策水平和涉外工作能力。 二、课程的基本要求 《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》课程的教学分为翻译方法和技巧训练阶段和短文翻译两个阶段，其分别要求是： １、翻译方法和技巧训练阶段的基本要求： （1）、词汇： 掌握10000－12000 个词汇以及这些单词构成的常用词组；正确而熟练地使用其中5000－6000 个词 汇及最常用的搭配，能够运用到汉英互译中。 （2）语法： 熟练地使用各种衔接手段，连贯地表达思想，侧重语法结构在翻译过程中的理解和应用。 （3）阅读能力： 能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评，理解文章大意，分辨事实与细节；能读懂有一定难度的 历史传记及文学作品，理解其真实含义；能分析上述题材文章的思想观点，语篇结构，语言特点和修辞手法。 （4）翻译能力： 能借词典将文字资料译成理解正确、表达准确、译文连贯通顺具一定修辞手段的规范语句，写译的速度达到每小时250－300 词。 2. 短文翻译阶段的基本要求： （1）词汇 1
2020年翻译资格考试英语高级口译指导
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1. leave sb the choice of … or …要么…,要么… ★（选择类经典句）Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。2 The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.年过三十，要么成婚，要么单身。 2. be the instrument of sth 引来某事物的人或事 ★（使动类经典句）The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.全国同胞都在关注我们，如果我们有幸能够拯救他们脱离强加于身的暴政/把他们从强加于身的暴政中解救出来，那将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。2 他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall. 2 能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings. 3. it was the memories of 追溯到… ★（回忆类经典句）Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations? development.追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会，可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。 4. on the premise/ground/prerequisite/proposition/hypothesis/presupposition that 基于一个前提… ★（假设类经典句）中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。The Chinese proclaimed/declared to adopt/implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China. 2 Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.对投资者的建议是以利率会继续下跌为根据的。 5.be bound to 必定…；一定… ★（意愿类经典句）西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展，共同繁荣。The Great Western Development is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest
BEC商务英语翻译技巧
BEC商务英语翻译技巧 为了让大家更好的准备商务英语BEC考试，给大家整理商务英语翻译技巧,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 商务英语翻译技巧 商务英语的文体特征 1. 思维具有逻辑性，朴实无华 正式体英语的从句层次复杂，句子长度通常高于非正式英语。长句分词、独立主格结构的频繁使用是书面语体的典型特征，它们适合于表达多层次的复杂的逻辑关系，可以充分完整地表达相互关联的意义，这种效果是短句无法达到的。由于商务函电常要表示某些条款相互成立、互为条件，或对某些一连串的具有因果关系的事件进行叙述，因此，这种语体就非常适合这种要求。 例如：The work hereof shall be commenced in compliance with the construction work of Party A’s plant, and shall be completed within thirty days after the complete ion o f Party A’s plant including the completion of inner part of the plant when the plant be in the condition that trial run for air conditioning mechanism is possible.
这是某英文合同文体中的一个句子。这个诗歌并列句，句中主语是work，and连接两个谓语(shall be commenced和shall be completed)。 2.表述简单清楚 商务英语是商务活动的工具，通过阅读文献可以发现：商务英语常用简洁、易懂、规范、正式的词。 这一特点是由国际商务交际的性质决定的，因为国际商务交际非常讲究效益、效率，使用常用的词语便于交易双方的理解和接受;修饰语少，内容上直截了当。偏僻的词汇可能会增加双方沟通障碍，因而不受欢迎。 商务英语的词汇选择讲究精炼、严谨，很少使用口语化的、非正式的、生僻、不规范的词或行话。 了解口语词语和书卷词语在文体风格上的差异有助于实现语言交际的适合性和得体性 3. 模糊性的句法，善用祈使句 商务英语要求准确完整、清楚简洁，但模糊语言的适当使用，能起到积极的效果。语言的模糊性不仅仅体现在词义层面，还应是具体商务活动中句法所表达意义的模糊性。
英汉翻译基础教程练习答案
汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.
高级口译翻译
1．欢迎希尔博士和夫人来访上海。 Welcome to Shanghai, Dr. and Mrs. Hill. 2．请允许我做自我介绍。 Please allow me to introduce myself. 3．我叫洪建信，是中美医药公司的副总经理。 My name is Jianxin Hong. I am deputy managing director of t he Sino-American Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. 4. 我们很荣幸能请到您，我也特别高兴能认识您。 It is a great honor to have you here with us .And I am so delighted to make your acquaintance . 5. 我们去取行李吧。 We wil go there and pick up the luggage . 4．久闻先生大名, 我在研究生学习时期所写的两篇论文曾参考了您的研究成果。 I have long heard of you,and as a matter of fact, I referred to your research findings in a couple of my papers during my graduate studies. 6．我为能在上海接待您和您的家人深感愉快，我很高兴我们能在今后的半年里合作共事。 It gives me such a great pleasure to meet you and your family here in Shanghai and I am very glad that you will be working with us for the next six months. 7．我们将给您配备两名实验助手。必要时我们还想邀请您的一名同事一起参加我们的一项研究工作。
英汉翻译课程教学目标
“英汉翻译理论与实践”课程一直是我国高校英语语言文学专业中的专业主干课程，它以培养应用型外语人才为目的，既能培养和提高学生语言综合运用能力，又能培养学生的社会实践技能—翻译。 首先，翻译实践是一项综合技能的训练，整个过程涉及源语语言的词汇、句法、修辞、文体、文化等各个方面，有助于提高学生的外语水平和在外语方面的基本技能，是对其他外语课程教学的有效补充。 其次，英汉翻译实践涉及汉语语言的运用，对于英语专业的学生来说，显然可以弥补他们在汉语学习方面的不足。另外，加强学生汉语能力的培养也有助于对学生进行思想教育，提高对本族语语言文化的认识、了解和理解。而且，对汉语语言文化的了解更有助于提高学生的语言潜能，从而使学生能够更有效地学习外语。 第三，翻译练习材料会涉及各种文体和学科，诸如文学、历史、社会学、自 然科学，等等。这样，在大量实践的基础上，学生的知识结构会得到相当程度的 丰富和完善，有利于培养复合性人才，实施复合性人才培养的教育战略。 第四，通过各种文体文本的翻译实践，可以提高学生翻译实践能力，使教学 工作在一定程度上面向市场，满足市场需求，提高外语专业毕业生的就业率，从 而提高外语学科在国内的声誉，扩大影响范围，进而有助于招生工作的开展。 第五，翻译教学中也对学生进行理论和技巧的讲授，这不仅可以使学生从理 论的高度上提高对翻译实践的认识，提高翻译能力，同时也能提高学生的理论水 平，丰富知识结构，为最后的学位论文写作进行积极而充分的准备。 第六，英语专业四年级的学生面临专业八级的考试、硕研入学考试，两者均 涉及分量较大的翻译实践。为这两种考试的准备至少可以发挥两个方面作用。其 一，通过翻译的强化训练，学生的翻译能力能够在较短的时间内得到一定幅度的 提高，为学生就业奠定基础。其二，通过翻译强化训练，学生英语应用技能大大 提高，从而有助于提高考试的通过率，提高学科在国内的影响。 随着中国对外开放的进一步深化，翻译的社会和文化意义日益突显。因此， 加强英语学科的建设，进一步提高翻译教学在学科建设中的地位，应成为未来学 科结构优化和学科发展中的重中之重。 “英汉翻译理论与实践”课程简介： 〃课程编码：63043020 〃课程中文名称：英汉翻译理论与实践 〃课程英文名称：E-C Translation Theory and Practice 〃课程类别：主修专业主干课程 〃开课对象：英语专业本科三年级学生
商务英语的特点及翻译技巧
商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 摘要：随着经济全球化的发展，商务英语变得越来越重要了。商务英语在国际贸易和商务活动中作为一种主要的交际用语，要想做好翻译必须先了解商务英语的特点。本文通过简要分析商务英语的特点及阐述商务英语的翻译技巧来帮助我们更好的做好商务英语的翻译。 关键词：商务英语；文体特点；语言特点；翻译技巧 1.引言 随着经济全球化的迅速发展,国际商务活动日益频繁。商务英语在商务活动场合中的应用和所表达的信息是商务理论和商务实践等方面的内容，因此与专业内容密不可分。例如在技术引进、对外贸易、招商引资、对外劳务承包与合同、国际合同、国际金融、涉外保险、国际旅游、海外投资、国际运输等等的许多领域所运用，因此，商务英语在国际活动中扮演着重要的角色。 商务英语作为一种专门用途英语（English for Specific Purposes 或English for Special Purposes,简称ESP），有其自身独特的语言特点，具有专业性词汇、句法正确、大量套语、专业术语等特点，因此在翻译过程中也要掌握一定的策略和技巧。我们只有把这些特点、商务知识和翻译方法紧密的联系起来，才能准确地翻译好商务英语，不会造成错误。 2.商务英语的特点 商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的的，内容涉及到经济学、管理学、金融学、国际旅游、商业广告、国际运输等各个方方面面，在这所有的活动中所使用的英语都统称为商务英语。商务英语以语言为载体，把商务的核心内容放到其中，以职场的人员为目标，以商务活动中常用英语为重点的专门用途英语。商务英语的特点主要在于其教学的专业化、口语化和较强的针对性。总之，实用性是商务英语最大特点。商务英语(Business English)源于普通英语,文以普通英语为基础，完全具有普通英语的语言特征，与普通英语相比，没有本质上的区别，但是商务英语具有特定的“商务特色”,在使用上有着显著特点。商务英语的独
2011年3月高级口译翻译真题及答案
2011年3月高级口译翻译真题及答案（汉译英） 合营企业设董事会，其人数组成由合营各方协商，在合同、章程中确定，并由合营各方委派。董事会是合营企业的最高权力机构，决定合营企业的一切重大问题。董事长由合营各方协商确定或由董事会选举产生。董事长是合营企业法定代表人。董事长不能履行职责时，应授权其他董事代表合营企业。 An equity joint venture shall have a board of directors; the number of the directors thereof from each party and the composition of the board shall be stipulated in the contract and articles of association after consultation among the parties to the venture; such directors shall be appointed by the relevant parties. The highest authority of the joint venture shall be its board of directors, which shall decide all major issues concerning the joint venture. The chairman shall be determined through consultation by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors. The chairman of the board is the legal representative of the joint venture. Should the chairman be unable to perform his duties, he shall authorize another director to represent the joint venture. 董事会会议由董事长负责召集并主持。董事会会议应当有2/3以上董事出席方能举行。董事不能出席的，可以出具委托书委托他人代表其出席和表决。董事会会议应用中文和英文作详细记录，并在会议结束后14日内送交每位董事，由出席董事会会议的各位董事签字确认。 The board meeting shall be called and presided over by the chairman of the board. A board meeting requires a quorum of over two-thirds of the directors. Should a director be unable to attend, he may make a proxy authorizing someone else to represent him and vote in his stead. Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen days of the conclusion of the meeting to be signed and confirmed by each of the directors who attended the board meeting. 2011年3月高级口译翻译真题及答案（英译汉） When President Obama took the stage here Wednesday to address a community —and a nation —traumatized by Saturday’s shootings rampage in Tucson, Arizona, it invited comparisons to President George W. Bush’s speech to the nation af ter the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, and the memorial service President Bill Clinton led after the bombing of a federal office building killed 168 people in Oklahoma City in 1995. 本周三，奥巴马总统登台演讲，就上周六亚利桑那州图森市所发生的枪击惨案向饱受心灵创伤的公众及全国发表演讲，人们不禁联想到，布什总统在2001年911袭击之后的演讲、以及1995年克林顿总统为俄克拉荷马州联邦政府大楼爆炸中的168名遇害者举行的追悼会。 But Osama’s appearance presented a deeper challenge, reflecting the tenor of his