高考短文改错专题复习

高考短文改错专题复习

一、命题特点和高考概况：

1、“短文改错”主要考查学生对英语语言运用的准确性。

2、“短文改错”主要是学生在日常学习中常见错误，词汇、语法、语篇理解行文逻辑以及惯用法的错误。

3 、命题的总原则是要求学生能够整篇理解，分行识错，从错误的类型看可分为对、错、加、减四个方面，即，正确打√，错误改正，缺词添加，多词删除。并要求以规范的符号进行表示。

二、考查类型及知识点分布:

1、多词

1）不可数名词泛指时,多冠词,或不可数名词/抽象名词,多不当修饰词.

2）谓语动词多不当助动词

3）感官使役动词后不定式作宾语补足语时多了to

4）不是从句却加了关系词或连接词

5）及物动词后多了介词或副词

6）比较级前多词

7）词义重叠/冗词错误

8）作时间状语的名词短语前多了介词

9）固定搭配中多词

2、缺词

1）可数名词前缺限定词

2）动词不定式缺to

3）不及物动词后缺介词或副词

4）固定搭配中缺词

5）被动语态缺助动词be

6）句子成分残缺(一般缺谓语动词或动词)

3、错词

1）不定冠词a/an、定冠词或物主代词错误

2）可数名词复数少了-s

3）动词时态与时间状语（或上下文）不一致

4）语态错误

5）非谓语动词形式错误

6）主谓不一致

7）代词和名词不一致

8）词义辨析错误

9）介词与名词、动词或形容词搭配错误

10）连词错误

11）词类错误

12）关系代词或关系副词错误

13）逻辑错误

14）固定搭配和习惯用法错误

三、临场应试技巧:“三歩”，“六原则和“四不改”

1、三歩：

1）通读全文，掌握大意。

2）整句理解,逐行分析。以句为单位，细读每个完整句子，前后联系.

3）复读全文，验证答案 .

2、六原则：

1）一行一错, 在有错行改动一词。

2）改变实词（n./v./adj./adv.）形式，不能将一个实词换成另一个实词.

3）最小限度地改变单词形式.

4）添加或删除虚词(如冠词，介词,小品词to等).

5）多改正，少添加或删除.

6）最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.

3、四不改:

1）标点符号不改。2）大小写不改。3）词序错误不改。4）单词拼写不改。

四、解答技巧探索

短文改错总的来讲可以遵循以下口诀：动词形，名词数；；还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别；介词、短语要牢记；代词格，细领悟；句子成分多分析；冠词连词常光顾；逻辑错误须关注。

1、动词形

1）动词用法：此考点归纳的是除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点，它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词be 的误加与漏用等。

练习：真题单句归纳

(1) He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (全国卷)

(2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (全国卷)

(3) Books may be keep for four weeks. (全国卷)

(4) Without enough knowledges, you can never learn well. (年湖北卷)

(5) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. (全国卷)

(6) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. (全国卷)

(7) I’d like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (全国卷)

(8) (9) I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football. (全国卷)

2）动词时态：动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别，其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时；或者反过来，在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词来看，主要涉及be 和have两个常用动词。有时也涉及其他时态，如一般将来时，现在完成时等，但很少见。

练习：真题单句归纳

(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop… (全国卷)

(2) Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. (全国卷)

(3) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. (全国卷)

(4) I’d like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very… (北京春)

(5) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. (全国卷) 3）非谓语动词：短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号to 的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)等。

练习：真题单句归纳

(1) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. (全国卷)

(2) …rather than go into the forest and getting lost. (全国卷)

(3) David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. (全国卷)

(4) I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. (全国卷)

(5) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (全国卷)

(6) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gi ves us a sense of fair play and… (全国卷)

(7) The WHO and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. (全国卷)

(8) It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (全国卷)

(9) …and let you to know when t he book you want has returned (全国卷)

(10) Shake her head, she said, “It isn’t a good time to do that, dear.” (江苏卷)

(11) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. (全国卷)

(12) That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. (北京春季卷)

4）主谓一致：从广义来说，英语中的一致问题涉及多个方面，如主谓一致、人称的一致、并列结构的前后一致等。由于人称的一致已归入“代词”考点、并列结构的前后一致已分别归入非谓语动词、时态等，所以这里只归纳主谓一致问题。

练习：真题单句归纳

(1) Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. (全国卷)

(2) Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and…(全国卷)

(3) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (全国卷)

(4) But then there is always more mysteries to look into. (北京春季卷)

(5) But not all information are good to society. (广西卷)

(6) One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. (年福建卷)

(7) If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money. (四川卷)

(8) you’ll probably want to join the Stamp Collectors’ Club which exist to add more stamps to your… (浙江)

2、名词数：名词考点主要涉及1)可数名词与不可数名词混用furniture, fun, knowledge, news, progress, information, weather, homework etc.2)可数名词单独使用(加冠词/名词改复数)3)所有格(形近词混用)

练习：真题单句归纳

(1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. (全国卷)

(2) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. (全国卷)

(3) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (全国卷)

(4) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. (全国卷)

(5) Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. (全国卷)

(6)) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (湖北卷)

(7) We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. (全国卷)

(8) She wa s doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when… (福建卷)

(9) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby… (浙江卷)

(10) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. (全国卷)

(11) …but after class we become stranger at once. (全国卷)

(12) They did not want me to do any work at family. (全国卷)

(13) …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (全国卷)

3、形容词和副词常见错误：形容词与副词的考查主要涉及1)形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)2)形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，3)近义词或形近词的误用.(hard/hardly; right/rightly; close/closely, free/freely, high/highly, most/mostly；near/nearly/nearby; late/later/latter/lately）4)另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构、how 与what 的混用等也是常考的考点。

练习：真题单句归纳

(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (全国卷)

(2) Charles said, “As soon as I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it. (全国卷)

(3) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. (全国卷)

(4) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. (全国卷)

(5) Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. (全国卷)

(6) People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived…. (全国卷)

(7) In some places you may borrow many books as you want. (全国卷)

(8) I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends here that a great time I had. (全国卷)

(9) I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. (全国卷)

(10) I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (全国卷)

(11) She called 119 immediate. (福建卷)

(12) However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. (天津卷)

(13) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. (全国卷)

(14) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (全国卷)

(15) Yes, a concert can be very excited. (四川卷)

(16) For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four o’clock in the morning. (北京春季卷)

4、代词格：短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词(both, all, either, neither, none, each, others/ the others; something/ anything; this / these / that / those / it)的用法(尤其

是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法，形近词whose 和who’s, its 和it’s

练习：真题单句归纳

(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (全国卷)

(2) When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. (全国卷)

(3) We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. (全国卷)

(4) And I can’t forget the good food you cooked for I. (全国卷)

(5) I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon. (全国卷)

(6) The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (全国卷)

(7) smart boy like his son. (安徽春季卷)

(8)…and tried to translate anything into English. (全国卷)

(9)One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (全国卷)

(10) At once I apologize and controlled me at my best till the dinner started. (江苏卷)

(11) Then he ate it all, by himself. He never helped other. (北京春季卷)

(12) I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works. (北京春季卷)

(13) …in any other words, I am an only child. (全国卷)

5、连词：短文改错对并列连词的考查主要涉及1）并列连词（1）逻辑关系and , or , but , so（2）平行结构，前后一致2）从属连词(换行)。3大从句的连词错用，多用(定从; although/but; because/so; if/and/or)或少用。3）近义(but/however; so/therefore; because/because of)，形近词和固定搭配。

练习;真题单句归纳

(1) We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (全国卷)

(2) I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had. (全国卷)

(3) It is a very important exam but I can’t afford to fail it (北京春季卷)

(4) She was smiling but nodding at me. (全国卷)

(5) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up. (湖北卷)

(6) Clever as she is, but she works very hard. (福建卷)

(7) I’m the captain of our school team so with my fellow players we’ve won several games. (安徽春季卷)

(8) My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. (江苏卷)

(9) So once you’ve started collecting seriously, you… (浙江卷)

6、冠词：短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用，有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括a 与an 的区别)。其中，涉及最多的是，当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时，其前漏用不定冠词；另外，冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。

练习：真题单句归纳

(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (全国卷)

(2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. (全国卷)

(2) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. (全国卷)

(3) Good health is person’s most valuable possession. (全国卷)

(4) Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. (全国卷)

(5) There is public library in every town in Britain. (全国卷)

(6) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays (全国卷)

(7) Today I visited the Smiths — my first visit to a American family. (全国卷)

(8) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (全国卷)

(9) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (全国卷)

(10) I’ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (北京春季卷)

(11) As we all le ft home at early age… (天津卷)

(12) For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery(奥秘). (去掉the，rain 在此泛指) (北京春季卷)

(13) Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. (福建卷)

(14) On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. (四川卷)

(15) When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. (江苏卷)

7、介词：短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。

练习：真题单句归纳

(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car. (全国卷)

(2) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. (全国卷)

(3) When I have free time I go a long walk. (全国卷)

(4) When they came down the police were angry to them. (全国卷)

(5) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (全国卷)

(6) We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. (福建卷)

(7) I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. (全国卷)

(8) It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. (全国卷)

(9) In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. (全国卷)

(10) We practise for three times every week. (全国卷)

(11) We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (全国卷)

(12) Unfortunately, there are too many people among my family. (全国卷)

(13) I was happy with a ny programme but the others spent a lot time arguing… (全国卷)

(14) Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday. (北京春季卷)

(15) So I’m really sorry that I won’t be able to come in this time. (北京春季卷)

(16) …but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. (全国卷)

(17) For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’clock in the morning. (北京春季卷)

(18) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (全国卷)

(19) His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination. (安徽春季卷)

(20) I feel sorry to him. (安徽春季卷)

(21) …you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors’ Club…(浙江卷)

(22) On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials… (北京春季卷)

(23) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese… (全国卷)

(24) I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. (全国卷)

(25) You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet. (广西卷)

(26) But I have spent lots my money, …(四川卷)

8、从句：短文改错对从句引导词的考查主要涉及根据句意正确选用引导词、引导词的误加与漏用、将不是从句的东西误认为是从句而误加引导词等。

练习：真题单句归纳

(1) In the last five years that they’ve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. (全国卷)

(2) Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it. (全国卷)

(3) Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (全国卷)

(4) However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. (全国卷)

(5) …in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. (全国卷)

(6) …in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels. (全国卷)

(7) …and whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (全国卷)

(8) I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (全国卷)

(9) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (全国卷)

(10) …but it didn’t matter that I would win or not. (全国卷)

(11) I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (全国卷)

(12) In one class, I learned it rained. (北京春季卷)

(13) For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put it in a secret place where I couldn’t find. (北京卷)

(14) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (全国卷)

(15) Besides, I have few friends, I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. (年全国卷)

(16) I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (福建卷)

(17) It has been five years when we graduated, but those memories are as sweet as ever before. (天津卷)

五、短文改错练习：

第一节短文改错(共l0小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)

(注意：在试题卷上作答无效

．．．．．．．．．) 2010年四川卷

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该

行右边横线上画一个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：

此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改。

An English lady was finally decided that she really should 66_______

learn to drive, And after many attempts, she past her 67_______

driving test and told her husband that，to release，he 68_______

was going to drive him over to France for a holiday，But 69_______

then a week after the trip, she suddenly announced that 70_______

they wouldn’t take the holiday. “How did you change your 71_______

mind?” he asked her by surprise.“Well，it is all because 72_______

of the business of driving on right.”She said, “I have 73______

been practicing for three weeks now，but I still couldn’t 74______

get used to it-in fact, I’ve nearly killed three peoples。” 75______

短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个沟（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正；

此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（／）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词。并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改2011年四川卷

Tom was having much troubles getting up in the 66.

Morning and was always late with work.. His boss wanted to 67.

fire him if he didn’t start coming on time, but he went to 68.

the doctor for a help. The doctor gave him some 69.

medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. 70.

The man did as told and slept really well, wake up before 71.

the alarm had even gone off. He had time for a properly 72.

breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.” Boss,” he 73.

said ,”that medicine really works!”” I’m pleasing to hear 74.

it ,”said his boss,” but where were you yesterday?”75.

第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1份，满分10分）

以下标有题号的每一行均有一个错误，请找出，并按下列情况改正：

此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：请在答题卡上作答。2011年重庆卷

Today is Sunday .I′ve been in Canada for two months .

This is the first time that I′ve been away my family for such a 76.

long time. With the help of Katia, a ro ommate of me, I′ve 77.

soon got used to live without my parents around. Katia,like 78.

many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. We became 79.

friends shortly after we meet each other. Although her English 80.

is a little hardly to understand, we enjo y chatting and we 81.

usually talk a lot about our own family. We’re both surprised 82.

that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different. Now, 83.

we are planning a small party for the next Sunday.There ,Katia 84.

will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been 85.

to China several times.I just can’t wait.

【2012届·兰州一中12月月考】

短文改错（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分）

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）; 如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：

该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（╲）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改。

I am very thankful you for inviting me to go 76．_____________

and stay with you in Nanjing．I often heard that 77．____________

Nanjing is a beautiful city and that I have been 78．____________

longing to see you again so that I can get more help 79．____________

from you in my English study．And I am afraid 80．____________

I can’t come this coming summer vacations．My 81．____________ grandmother, who lives in the country, asked me 82．____________

again and again to go and spending the vacation 83．____________

together with him．She misses me so much that I 84．____________

have no choice but obey her．I wish I could go 85．____________

and see you at the end of this year．

【2012届·四川省树德协进中学高三上学期期中】

短文改错(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)

It was snowing heavy on Monday morning. Li Hua was 66._________

at the bus stop, waiting for Bus No. 601 to go to school. After a 67._________

while, a bus came and she got on it. Here were many passengers 68._________

in the bus. Some were talking and some were looking out for the 69._________ windows. All of sudden the bus stopped. The driver turned 70._________

around and said, “Sorry. The bus had broken down. Please 71._________

get off and help push the bus.” When she heard it, Li Hua 72._________

and the others passengers got off the bus. They worked hard 73._________

together, pushed the bus slowly forward. Soon the bus was running 74._________

again. All the passengers were smiling and so the sun was shining. 75._________

短文改错：

66 was 67 past passed 68 he she 69√ 70 after before 71 How Why 72 by in/with 73 ∧the right

74 couldn’t can’t 75 peoples people

【答案与解析】

66.troubles改为trouble。考查名词。have trouble doing sth.为固定短语，trouble为不可数名词。

67．with改为for。考查介词。be late for…为固定短语“…迟到”。

68．but改为so。考查并列连词。分析前后两句之间的关系为因果关系，因此用so。

69．去掉a。考查冠词。help为不可数名词，前面不用不定冠词。

70．them改为it。考查代词。此处指代前文medicine，为不可数名词，因此用it指代。

71．wake改为waking。考查非谓语动词。动词wake此处与主语为主动关系作状语，故用现在分词waking。72．properly改为proper。考查形容词和副词。此处修饰名词breakfast，故用形容词proper。

73．reach前加to。考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式to reach作the first的后置定语。

74．pleasing改为pleased。考查形容词。此处描述主语为人，故用以-ed结尾的形容词。

75．正确。

6．you前加to 77．heard---hear 78．去掉that 79．正确

80．And---But 81．vacations---vacation 82．asked前加has

83．spending---spend 84．him---her 85．but后加to

【答案】

短文改错: 76. heavy→heavily 77. 正确78. Here→there 79. for→of

80. of 后加a 81. had→has 82. she→they 83. others→other 84. pushed→pushing 85. 去掉so

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