文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › What is Poetry 英国文学简介

What is Poetry 英国文学简介

What is Poetry 英国文学简介
What is Poetry 英国文学简介

What is Poetry?

? A condensed piece of writing about a specific theme, topic or scenario

?Often creates strong emotion or feeling

?Often uses sound and rhythm

RHYTHM(韵律)

?The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem

?Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, and refrain

METER(格律)

A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern.

When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

iambus (iambic) – a unit of rhythm in poetry, that is composed by unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable

light heavy

e.g.

delay, before, against

trochee (trochaic)--- a unit of rhythm in poetry, that is composed by stressed syllable followed by unstressed syllable

heavy light

e.g.

midnight dreary

anapest (anapestic)--- a unit of rhythm in poetry, that is composed by two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed one

light light heavy

e.g.

understand

dactyl (dactylic)—a unit of rhythm in poetry, that is composed by one stressed

syllable followed by two unstressed syllables

heavy light light

e.g.

wonderful

To ―scan‖ a poem, we mark each stressed and each unstressed syllable with a mark.

Here, we’ll use -for stressed and ∨for unstressed.

Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across the screen

∨-∨∨-∨-∨-∨-

Aunt Jennifer’s t igers prance across the screen

Bright topaz denizens of a world of green.

∨-∨-∨∨-∨-∨-

Bright topaz denizens of a world of green.

Then we count the stressed syllables in a single line.

Here there are 5 stressed syllables in each line.

FOOT(音步)

FOOT - unit of meter.

A foot can have two or three syllables.

Usually consists of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.

e.g.

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s Day?

Shall I/ compare/ thee to/ a sum/mer’s Day?

TYPES OF FEET

The types of feet are determined by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables.

monometer = one foot on a line

dimeter = two feet on a line

trimeter = three feet on a line

tetrameter = four feet on a line

pentameter = five feet on a line

hexameter = six feet on a line

heptameter = seven feet on a line

octameter = eight feet on a line

Rhyme(韵脚)

?Rhyme/Rhyming Scheme--- The pattern made by placing words which end in similar sounds at the ends of lines.

?To mark out a rhyme scheme, letters, starting with a, are assigned to the first occurrence of a sound, such that line 1 is always a and the first occurrence of the next sound is always b and so on. ”

(每一行的最后一个音节是一个韵律,用字母表示。第一个韵律是a,第一个韵律是b,以次类推。遇到和前面重复的韵律就用和前面相同的字母标记。)

Stanza ( 诗节)

Stanza--- The combination of rhythm(that is, “iambic, trochaic, dactylic”, etc.), meter (that is, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, etc.), and rhyme scheme(for example, “a

b c b”) can create certain stanzaic forms which have become accepted poetic

conventions.

(一个rhyme scheme 就可以当作一个stanza诗节{A stanza of a poem equals to a paragraph of an essay, without the indentation.} )

KINDS OF STANZAS

?Couplet = a two line stanza

?Triplet = a three line stanza

?Quatrain = a four line stanza

?Quintet = a five line stanza

?Sestet = a six line stanza

?Septet = a seven line stanza

?Octave = an eight line stanza

Refrain

The word 'Refrain' derives from the Old French word refraindre meaning to repeat. Refrain is a phrase, line, or group of lines that is repeated throughout a poem, usually after each stanza.

Refrain

The air is dark, the night is sad,

I lie sleepless and I groan.

Nobody cares when a man goes mad:

He is sorry, God is glad.

Shadow changes into bone.

Every shadow has a name;

When I think of mine I moan,

I hear rumors of such fame.

Not for pride, but only shame,

Shadow changes into bone.

When I blush I weep for joy,

And laughter drops from me like a stone:

The aging laughter of the boy

To see the ageless dead so coy.

Shadow changes into bone.

---by Allen Ginsberg

Poetic diction

thou=you(主格)

thee=you(宾格)

thy=your

art=are

wert=were

hath=has

sometime=sometimes

o’er=over

e’er=ever

大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)

英国文学源远流长,经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中,文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响,文学内部遵循自身规律,历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学(约5世纪-1485) 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样,不是书面的,而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传,并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展,最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶,盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中,最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf),它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事,具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说,随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国,现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的,当时,不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此,《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌,呈现出新旧生活方式的混合,兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想,体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年,居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡,征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后,封建等级制度得以加强和完备,法国文化占据主导地位,法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇,流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,1375-1400)以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材,歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德,是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情,是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后,英国资本主义工商业发展较快,市民阶级兴起,英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉,社会各阶层普遍使用英语,为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343-1400)的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》(The Canterbury Tales)以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索,通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事,勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行,即五步抑扬格双韵体,对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献,被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美,流畅自然,他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平,推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期-17世纪初) 相对于欧洲其他国家来说,英国的文艺复兴起始较晚,通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义,它主张以人为本,反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观,提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More, 1478-1535)是英国最主要的早期人文主义者,他的《乌托邦》(Utopia)批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会,设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词,但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河,这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》(The New Atlantis)、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》(Gulliver's Travels)、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》(Erewhon)一直延续到20世纪

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。

《英美文学资料》word版

《英美文学》(03119)复习大纲 第一部分英国文学 一、课程简介 本课程简要介绍英国各个历史断代的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派,主要作家; 本课程要求学生掌握英国文学史上各个时期的文学特点,出现的文学流派以及该时期一至两位重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及代表作品;并要求学生做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转换这能力,即能用有关知识和理论来分析英国文学中的相关问题。 二、课程重点章节简介: 第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学 1. <<贝尔武夫>> 2. 乔叟及其代表作 第二章: 文艺复兴时期 1. 文艺复兴的定义 2. 萨士比亚的戏剧及十四行诗 3. 培根的代表作 第三章: 十七世纪英国文学 1.弥尔顿的代表作<<失乐园>>、诗剧<<力士参孙>>的主要内容及<<

失乐园>>选短

第四章: 启蒙运动时期 1.新古典主义 2.伤感主义 3.笛福及代表作 4.蒲伯及代表作 第五章: 浪漫主义时期 1.浪漫主义时期文学的特点 2.彭斯的创作特点及代表作 3.华兹华斯的创作特点及代表作 4.拜伦诗歌的特点及代表作 第六章: 维多利亚时期 1.维多利亚时期的文学特点 2.布朗蒂姐妹的代表作 第七章: 现代时期 1.现代主义文学 2.汤姆斯.哈代创作特点及代表作 3. D.H.劳伦斯创作特点及代表作 三、本课程重点和难点内容简介 第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学: 1.<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。

2.乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。3.名词解释“骑士抒情诗” 第二章: 文艺复兴时期: 1.文艺复兴时期的时间界定 2.“文艺复兴”的名词解释 3.“人文主义” 的名词解释 4.莎士比亚的“Sonnet 18”的主题 5.哈姆雷特的性格分析 6.英语解释《论学习》中的句子 第三章: 十七世纪英国文学: 1.英语解释弥尔顿《失乐园》选段中的句子 2.《失乐园》的主要内容和意义 3.《失乐园》中撒旦的人物分析 第四章: 启蒙运动时期: 1.启蒙运动时期的界定 2.新古典主义的基本主张和特色 3.伤感主义的名词解释 4.《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的人物分析 5.蒲伯的《论批评》的主题

英国文学知识简介

英国文学知识简介(English Literature) 一、中古时期英语文学(Old and Medieval English Literature) 1.考核知识点和考核要求: 1) 英国中古时期主要的文学作品(《贝奥武甫》,《高文爵士与绿色骑士》) 2) 主要的作家、作家概况及其代表作品 2.英国中古时期的主要作家 杰弗里?乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。 约翰?德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)二、英国文艺复兴时期文学(The Renaissance Period) 1.考核知识点和考核要求: 1) 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色、代表作品及其语言风格 2) 名词解释:十四行诗,文艺复兴,无韵诗 2. 英国文艺复兴时期主要作家: 埃德蒙?斯宾塞Edmund Spenser (后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。) 托马斯?莫尔Thomas More (欧洲早期空想社会主义的创始人,以其名著《乌托邦》而著名) 克里斯托夫?马洛C hristopher Marlowe (代表作《浮士德博士的悲剧》根据德国民间故事书写成;完善了无韵体诗。) 威廉?莎士比亚William Shakespeare (英国著名剧作家、诗人,著有“四大悲剧”)弗朗西斯?培根Francis Bacon (哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。)约翰?邓恩John Donne (“玄学派”诗人) 约翰?弥尔顿John Milton(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》) 三、英国新古典主义时期文学(The Neoclassical Period) 1.考核知识点和考核要求: 1) 主要作家及其主要作品、作品的艺术特色及其文学流派。 2) 启蒙运动产生的背景。 2.英国新古典主义时期文学主要作家: 约翰?德莱顿John Dryden(批评家和戏剧家;在英国被封为第一位“桂冠诗人”;最先提出“玄学诗人”一词;他创造的"英语偶句诗体",成为英国诗歌的主要形式之一。) 亚历山大?蒲柏Alexander Pope (18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。) 丹尼尔?笛福Daniel Defoe(小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。) 塞缪尔?理查森Samuel Richardson (小说开始审视“发生于内心的东西”,代表作《帕米拉》《克拉丽莎》) 亨利?菲尔丁Henry Fielding (英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父“)乔纳森?斯威夫特Jonathan Swift(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家。高尔基称他为世界“伟大文学创造者之一”。) 约翰?班扬John Bunyan (代表作《天路历程》,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列

(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类:pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法) 例子:of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作:the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容:the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点:each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。 小说观点:he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣:a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式

英 国 文 学

Lecture2:Old English Literature(Before1066) I.Historical Background II.Old English Poetry III.Beowulf I.Historical Background (see textbook) I.1Old English period(449-1066) I.1.1The early inhabitants:Celts I.1.2England was conquered by the Jutes,Angles,and Saxons(different tribes of Teutons) I.1.3Angle-land:shortened into England I.1.4The Old English language:also called Anglo-Saxon or Saxon which was spoken from A.D.600to about1100. II.Old English Poetry II.1The literature:pagan and Christian II.1.1Poets:Caedmon:Paraphrase of the Bible Cynewulf:four poems but nothing remains. II.1.2Other poems:Genesis A:Genesis B II.1.3Prose Anglo-Saxon Chronicle III.Beowulf III.1Brief introduction Form:poetry Author:anonymous Type:English epic Time:about6th-7th century Place:in Denmark Setting:Scandinavia Main Characters:Beowulf:the hero; Hrothgar:King of the Danes Story or Plot:3182lines,3parts The poem can be divided into three parts: The fight against Grendel The fight against Grendel's mother The fight against the Dragon III.2Artistic features III.2.1Sound:no end rhyme,but alliteration III.2.2Rhythm:Each half-line has two main beats and each half-line is joined to the other by alliteration. III.2.3Meter:rising meter III.2.4Tone:originally in an oral form,sung by the bards. III.2.5Alliteration and understatement Alliteration and Understatement&metaphors Alliteration Of men he was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest,keenest to praise.

英国文学参考资料

1.The Norman Conquest brought the body of customs and ideals known as ___________ into England. 1.诺曼的战胜带来了即是的关税和理想的身体___________进入英国之内。 A.chivalry 一。骑士精神 B.feudalism 封建制度 C.Christianity 。基督教 D.capitalism资本主义 2. Being one of the forerunners of ____________, Chaucer praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. 作为先驱之一____________, 乔叟称赞男人的精力,智力、快的机智和生活的爱。 一。人性 B。写实主义 C。现代作风 D。浪漫精神 A. humanism B. realism C. modernism D. romanticism 3.The keynote of English Renaissance was ____________. 3.英国文艺复兴的主调音是____________. 一。人性 B。改革 C。附件运动 D。恢复 A.Humanism B.reformation C.Enclosure movement D.Restoration 4.When Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth, he mainly relied on ___________. 4.当莎士比亚写信给李尔王的时候和马克白,他主要地仰赖__________ _. 一。意大利故事 B。Holinshed 年代记 C。高贵希腊人的生命和罗马人 D。丹麦的事件 A.Italian stories

(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档

英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵) Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

英国文学史及作品选读

英国文学史及作品选读 (模拟试题二) Ⅰ. Multiple Choice(1′×20=20分) 1.______can be justly termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Romance of the Rose 2. Among of the following dramas, which is one of Shakespeare’s four tragedies? A.Macbeth B.As You Like it C. Twelfth Night D. The Merchant of Venice 3. _______ is called as “ father of English novels” A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Daniel Defoe D.John Donne 4. It was ____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 5. Absoulute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____, especially Britain’s sea power was established. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Queen Elizabeth D. Charles I 6. Hamlet, the most popular of Shakespeare's plays for readers and theater audiences, tells about the story of Hamlet, Prince of _______, and son of the dead king, who seeks revenge for his father’s death. A. England B. Norway C. Scotland D. Denmark 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne’s poetry is characterized regularity among irregularity D. He never shows positive attitude towards love. 8. Robinson Crosue can be termed as____. A. a self-dependent person B. a person with colonial mind C. an adventuous person D. all of the above 9. Robert Burns is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____ paint a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. The notorious “Peterloo Massacre” happened in _____. A. English Romantic period B. English Renaissance C. period of Restoration D. Neo-classical period 12. Lyrical Ballads are made by ____. A. Wordsworth and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Shelley and Byron 13. According to____, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion and recollected in tranquillity.

英国文学复习资料

British Literature 英国文学 一、The Middle Age 中世纪文学( 约5 世纪---1485) Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟(1343---1400) Chaucer is regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature. He innovate the heroic couplet and he is regarded as “Father of English Poetry” 首创英雄诗行,即五步抑扬格双韵体(the heroic couplet),被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。乔叟翻译过法国诗歌,其早期的文学创作受到法国文学的影响。两次游历欧洲文艺复兴的发源地意大利后,乔叟接触到意大利文学,深受以但丁(Dante, 1265---1321)、彼特拉克(Petrarch, 1304---1347)和薄伽丘(Boccaccio, 1313---1375)等作家为代表的意大利人文主义文学的影响。乔叟去世后安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂(Westminster Abbey),从此威斯敏斯特教堂的一角便成为大诗人安息的“诗人角”(the Poet’s Corner) 代表作:《公爵夫人之书》(Book of the Duchess)(1836) 《声誉之宫》(The House of Fame)(1374---1384) 《百鸟会议》(The Parliament of Fowls)(1380) 《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》(Troilus and Criseyde)(1380---1385) 《坎特伯雷故事集》(The Canterbury Tales)(1386---1400) 二、Renaissance 文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期---17世纪初) 1、William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚 莎士比亚从1590年起至1613年,一共创作了38(或39)部戏剧包括悲剧、戏剧、编年史剧、传奇剧等,另外还创作有154首十四行诗和2首长诗(Venus and Adonis,1593)。 Ben Johnson (本·琼森,莎士比亚同时代戏剧家)wrote in the dedication to the edition that “he was not of an age, but for all time!”(他不属于一个时代,而是)属于永远。 四大悲剧:《哈姆雷特》Hamlet(1601)《奥赛罗》Othello (1604)《李尔王》King Lear(1605)《麦克白》Macbeth(1606)《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉(埃及艳后)》Anthony And Cleopatra(1606---1607) 《泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯》《裘力斯·凯撒》《科利奥兰纳斯》《特洛埃围城记》 《雅典的泰门》等 四大喜剧:《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice(1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》 A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《皆大欢喜》As You Like It 《第十二夜》Twelfth Night(1600) 《冬天的故事》Winter’s Tale(1610)《暴风雨》The Tempest(1612) 《错中错》《终成眷属》《无事生非》《一报还一报》《驯悍记》《辛白林》 《温莎的风流娘们》《爱的徒劳》《维洛那二绅士》《泰尔亲王佩力克尔斯》等 悲喜剧(正剧):《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Romeo and Juliet(1595) 历史剧:《亨利四世(上篇)》Henry IV, Part I(1597)《亨利四世(下篇)》 《亨利五世》《亨利六世(上篇)》《亨利六世(中篇)》《亨利六世(下篇)》《亨利八世》《约翰王》《里查二世》《里查三世》 十四行诗:《爱人的怨诉》《鲁克丽丝失贞记》《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》 《热情的朝圣者》《凤凰和斑鸠》等

英国文学史分时期总结作家作品

英语文学史分时期总结作家作品 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homer?s Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵) Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use …heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事) Famous three:King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599 (后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。)The poets?poet.Th e first to be buried in the Poet?s corner of Westerminster Abbey

英国文学史复习资料

V The Romantic Period The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death. Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体) In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace. Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic). “The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人,who lived in the lake district. William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey 1. William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯1770~1850 柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派诗人。 The Lake Poets) circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace” 2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude. Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. ③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey ④ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 ② 序曲 2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔?泰勒?科尔律治1772~1834 The Lake Poets ① 古舟子颂

英国文学概况

英国文学概况 英国文学正处于振奋人心的发展时期,活力四射、创新立意的作品充盈并丰润着英国文坛。 英国文化协会(British Council)在全世界推广来自英国的极具创意的当代作品,并通过英国文化协会的全球网络,吸引国际文学读者。多年来,英国文化协会与世界各地的数百名作家携手,通过颇有影响力的合作伙伴,共引导开展了350多个文学项目,建立了为数众多的网站。我们一直致力于将英国当代文的最新信息传达给中国大众。 说起英国文学,很多中国读者的脑海中会立刻浮现出莎士比亚、狄更斯、简?奥斯汀、夏洛蒂?勃朗特、托马斯?哈代、拜伦、雪莱这些传统文学大师的名字,而对英国当代文学却相对陌生,但这并不意味着,当今英国文学的活跃气氛大不如前,相反,它比以往任何时候都欣欣向荣,小说、戏剧、散文、诗歌等各种文学类别,在这一时期都得到了繁荣和发展。 当代英国小说 一般来说,我们把二战以后涌现出的作家作品归入英国当代小说的研究范畴。从二战至今,英国当代小说的发展经历了四代小说家。 第一代小说家,是在二战前就成名的文坛元老。代表作家及作品为格雷厄姆?格林(代表作《权力与荣耀》)和安东尼?鲍威尔(代表作《渔王》)。格林的作品充满异国情调,而鲍威尔的作品则体现出他对对国内社会生活的无限兴趣。

二战后,两位元老先后逝世,第二代小说家挑起了文坛重任。代表作家及作品有:威廉?戈尔丁(代表作《蝇王》),艾丽斯?默多克(代表作《黑王子》),多丽丝?莱辛(代表作《金色笔记》),金斯利?艾米斯(代表作《幸运儿吉姆》),V.S.奈保尔(代表作《河湾》)等。其中既有讽刺社会现象的现实主义作品,也有锐意创新的实验性作品。 第三代小说家则是更为活跃的群体。有的热衷于反映大学校园生活和学术界现状,代表作家及作品有:戴维?洛奇(代表作《小世界》),马尔科姆?布雷德伯里(代表作《向西行》);有的则热衷于女性题材,比如安吉拉?卡特(代表作《魔幻玩具铺》),A.S.拜雅特(代表作《隐之书》)和玛格丽特?德拉布尔(代表作《夏日鸟笼》)姐妹。 第四代英国小说家可以说是当今英国文坛的中流砥柱。代表作家及作品有伊恩?麦克尤恩(代表作《赎罪》),马丁?艾米斯(代表作《时间箭》)和格雷厄姆?斯威夫特(代表作《杯酒留痕》)等等。这一代作家的作品有些充斥着各种匪夷所思的奇特构想,有些则继承了现实主义的写作手法,在家庭琐事中凸现出社会历史的变迁。此外,第四代中也有一些“异族后裔”,独特的个人经历、外来的思维方式和文化背景,使他们的小说充满异国情调,显得与众不同,代表作家及作品有萨尔曼?拉什迪(代表作《午夜之子》)和石黑一雄(代表作《长日留痕》)。

英国文学选读知识总结

Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) 乔叟He was born in 1343 in London. He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.“The Canterbury Tales” (1387-1400) It is Chaucer?s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature. Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language. He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” (英雄双韵体) to English poetry.His masterpiece “The Canterbury T ales” is one of the monumental works in English literature 公爵夫人之书,百鸟议会,声誉之堂,特罗勒思和克里西德 Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts: (1) Stanza (节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph in prose. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought.(2) The line (行) : a single line of poetry (3) The foot (音步) : a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. T o scan a line of poetry one counts the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)playwright, poet, actor.Shakespeare and Aeschylus are the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.—Carl Marks.The Great Tragedies: 《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601 ) 《奥赛罗》(Othello, 1604) 《李尔王》(King Lear, 1605) 《麦克白》(Macbeth, 1606) The Great Comedies威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night's Dream,1596) 《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night, 1600) 《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It, 1601) Shakespeare’s car eer as a dramatist may be divided into four major phases.: The First Period(1590-1594) This period is the period of his apprenticeship in play-writing. Works: Henry VI The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》/《连环错》Love?s Labor?s Lost 《迷失的爱》/《空爱一场》/《爱的徒劳》Romeo and Juliet, etc. The Second Period (1595-1600) This period is his mature period, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. It includes 6 comedies, 5 historical plays and 1 Roman tragedy. His sonnets are also thought to be written in this period. The Third Period (1601-1607) The third period of Shakespeare?s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies.Major works written in this period:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra The Fourth Period (1608-1612) The fourth period of Shakespeare?s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation(和解,复合)plays”. Shakespeare’s Literary Position:Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature. Hamlet:Hamle t is considered the summit of Shakespeare?s art. It is one of Shakespeare?s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world?s greatest works.It?s written in the form of blank verse.blank verse : poetry in rhymeless iambic pentameter.(素体诗剧)The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the time Injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society。1. first blow: father?s murder and mother?s re-marriage2.second blow: betrayal of his two former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern3. third blow: betrayal of his girl friend OpheliaThe greatness o f the play: in praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived.

相关文档