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情态动词和助动词的用法详解及练习

情态动词和助动词的用法详解及练习
情态动词和助动词的用法详解及练习

助动词的用法总结及讲解

一.助动词:情态助动词,基础助动词

助动词的定义:

助动词和情态动词都是英语中特殊动词,即:不能再句子中独立充当句子成分。而是与实义动词一起使用构成复合用语。常配合主要动词,协助构成否定句,疑问句,强调句,时态,语态等语法形式。

基础助动词有:be, do

情态助动词基本用法总结:

情态动

用法否定式疑问式与简答

can 能力(体力,智力,技能)

允许或许可(口语中常用)can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…?

Yes,…can./No,…can’t.

may 可以(问句中表示请求)

祝愿(用于倒装句中)may not do May…do…?

Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.

must 必须,应该(表主观要求)

肯定,想必(肯定句中表推测)must not/mustn’t do Must…do…?

Yes,…must.

No,…needn’t/don’t have to.

shall 用于一三人称征求对方意见shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…?

Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. should 应当,应该(表义务责任)should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…?

will 意愿,决心

请求,建议,用在问句中would

比较委婉will not/won’t do Will…do…?

Yes,…will. No,…won’t.

would would not/wouldn’t do

二.助动词的功能

助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:

a. 表示时态,例如:

What are you reading?(你正在阅读什么?)

I am reading a magazine.(我正在阅读杂志。)

He is singing. 他在唱歌。

We are working hard in the garden.(构成现在进行时)

b. 构成疑问句,例如:

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?

Do you live in Shanghai?

c. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:

I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。

助动词练习

一.把下列句子变为一般疑问句。公式:助动词+主语 +句子剩余部分。

1.It is a lovely dog. ________________________________________

2.She is a lovely girl. ________________________________________

3.We are classmates. ______________________________________

4.I am a doctor. ________________________________________

5.There is a bird in the tree. ________________________________

6.They are good friends. ____________________________________

7.I love my parents. _______________________________________

9. We have a pleasant home. _______________________________

10.They go to church on Sunday. _____________________________

11.You are a singer. ______________________________

二. 用do does be 填空

1. _____ she know all the answers ?

Yes , she ____ . No, she _____.

2. _____ the twins often fight ?

Yes ,_____ do. No, _____ don’t.

3. _____ your dad like listening to music?

Yes ,____ does . No, _____ doesn’t.

4. _____ you have a new teacher?

Yes , I ______. No, I ______.

5. _____ she a teacher?

Yes, she _____ . No, she _____.

6. _____ your father smoking in the living room?

Yes, ____ is .No, he _____.

情态助动词练习

一.将下面各组词组成句子(注意:标点符号)

1.______________________ _ _(an,aeroplane,hear,Lucy,can )

2. ______________________ ______ (not,he ,dance,can )

3._______________________ _____? (you,can ,see,what )

4._________________________ ___(can ,see ,not ,we ,you)

5.____________________________ _. (I ,can ,help ,you )

6._____________________ ________? (you ,can ,dance)

二.选择

1.()-Dad, may I watch TV?

-No, you can’t. You _______ finish your homework first.

A. must

B. can

C. may

2.( ) —Must I be home before eight o'clock, Mum?

— No, you_____. But you have to come back before ten o'clock.

A. needn't

B. can't

C. mustn't

3.( ) —_________ I borrow your history book?

—Sure. Here you are.

A. Must

B. May

C. Need

D. Will

4.() you like some bread ?

A . Would B. Could C . Can

5.()We throw the waste in the zoo.

A. c an’t

B. don't

C. mustn’t

6. ( ) We should more flower s, and we shouldn’t cut any flowers.

A. plant

B. planting

C. plants

7. ( ) May I have some water?

A. Yes,you have.

B. Yes,you can.

C. Yes,certainly.

8. ( ) Shall we work on the farm ?

A. Yes, we do.

B. Yes, we shall. B. All right.

9. ( ) Would you have something to announce?

A. Yes, we would.

B. Yes, I’d like .

C.Yes, of course.

10. ( ) Can I help you?

A.Yes, you can.

B.No, I can do it.

C.Yes. I’d like some oranges. 三.填空

1. Must I stand up? No, you ________.

2. ________ I speak something? Yes, you ________.

3. ________ I leave the park now? No, you _________ stay here.

4. My grandmother is ill. I _________ stay at home and look after her.

5. ________ you like some juice?

6. They ________ take more exercise.

7. ________ you tell me the way to the museum?

8. The watch ________ tell us the right time.

9. ________ you like to go boating with us?

10. ________ we play chess next weekend?

四.按要求改写句子。

1. She can walk quickly.

I ________ ________quickly . (否定句)

2. They can paint the wall well. (一般疑问句)

_______ they ______ the wall well?

3. Tom must carry the box into the room. (否定句)

Tom ________ ________ carry the box into the room.

4. She should reach the station early. (否定句)

She _______ _______ reach the station early.

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目录 1助动词和情态动词的定义 (2) 2 can,may,must (3) 3 Will you~?和Shall I(we)~? (10) 4 would和should (14) 5 have to (16) 练习题 (17) 答案 (18)

1助动词和情态动词的定义 在英语中,助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。对于助动词,同学们一般了解即可。 情态动词与助动词不同,它有词义,但它也和助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语,另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化;情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 (×)She cans swim well. (×)She can swims well. (○)She can swim well. (○)She swims well. 即使主语是第三人称单数(例如she)can也不能加“s”。 句子中有情态动词can时,即使主语是第三人称单数,也不能在一般动词(例如swim)上加“s”。 1 助动词的种类 1.be(am,are,is,was,were,been,being) 它与现在分词结合,可以构成进行时态(参见第九章),与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态(参见第十三章)。 I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。 The book was written by me. 这本书是我写的。 2. have(has,had,having) 它与过去分词结合,构成完成时态(参见第十一章)。 I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。 3.shall(should),will(would)

助动词和情态动词

助动词和情态动词 1. ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. ---Ah, good morning. You______ be Mrs. Peters. (10北京) A. might B. must C. would D. can 2. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? (10江西) A. Must B Can C May D Will 3. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man (10安徽) A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 4. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. (10山东) A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 5. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. (10辽宁) A.can B.will C.must D.may 6.Wine ____ do good to people’s health if drunk properly. A. can B. should C. must D. might 7. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 8. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t attend C. mustn’t have attended D. can’t attend 9. ---Has Mr. Tom White arrived? ---Yes, already. ____ he wait outside or just come in? A. Shall B. May C. Could D. Must 10. Walking in space ____ sound easy, yet great care and skills are needed. A. should B. shall C. may D. must 11. ---Amazing! You ____ wear slippers at work! ----Don’t you know it’s a fashion? A. must B. should C. can D. may 12. ---The two astronauts had been trained for long before they flew to space. ---Oh, they ____ quite a lot of difficulties. A. might go through B. may go through C. should have gone through D. must have gone through 13. ---Can I pay the bill by check? ---Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ____ be paid in cash. A. will B. can C. should D. shall 14. ---Catherine looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? ---Yes, but I ____ her just before her final exams.

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