科技英语翻译第七八章
7.1 连词的一般译法
第1节翻译练习1
Carbon steel contains only iron and carbon, while alloy steel contains some other alloying metals. Because this current continually reverses in direction, it is called an alternating current.
Liquid and vapor phases cannot coexist in equilibrium.
碳钢只含有铁和碳，而合金钢含有一些别的合金金属。
由于这种电流不断地改变方向，故称为交流电。
液相和气相不能在平衡中并存。
第1节翻译练习2
Some companies replace certain parts regularly, determining the effective life of a part and then replacing it just before it would wear out.
The cost of making these tests is very low when it is divided by the total number of parts manufactured.
一些公司定期更换某些零部件，先推定零部件的有效寿命，以便在零部件即将磨损之前予以更换。
如果以生产零件的总数来划分，这些实验的成本会非常低。
Why use metal when you can use plastic?
A brief description of how transistors are manufactured is given here.
That is why surfactants are so widely used in industry.
既然能用塑料为什么你却使用金属呢？
这里对晶体管的是生产方法作一简略叙述。
这就是在工业上广泛使用表面活性剂的原因。
第1节翻译练习3
Sometimes it is necessary to drill to a depth of 1,000 meters or more, before water is found in sufficient quantity.
It is stated that the positioning system has an accuracy of repeatability within 0.0002 inch.
When short waves are sent out and meet an obstacle they are reflected.
有时必须钻到1000米或更深的深度，才能找到足够量的水。
据称，该定位系统的重复精度在0.0002英寸。
短波发送出去，遇到障碍就反射回来。
7.2 常用并列连词的译法
第2节翻译练习1
Computers cope with negative numbers and fractions in binary arithmetic.
Oxygen is chemically active and takes part in many reactions.
计算机采用二进制算法来处理负数与小数。
氧的化学性能活泼，能参与许多反应。（省译）
Modern electronic computers and other devices will be made smaller by the development of LSI. Some electrical engineers design and maintain power plants, transmission lines and home and factory electrical installations.
大规模的集成电路的发展将使现代化电子计算机以及其他装置越来越小。
有些电气工程师设计和保养发电厂、输电线、以及各种家用和工业用电器设备。
第2节翻译练习2
The induced electromotive force lags and the current leads.
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract.
感应电动势滞后，而电流导前。
同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。（省译）
Transformers are commonly used in radio receivers and electrical communication circuits, and they are generally much smaller than those for power transmission.
Analyzing the dynamics of the way a person signs his or her name, and not just how the signature looks, is one basis of a biometric verifier.
变压器通常用于无线电收音机和电信电路中，可是这些变压器一般比用于输电的变压器小得多。
分析一个人签名时书法的笔力，而不只是分析签名的字形如何，这是生物统计学核实器的一个基本点。
第2节翻译练习3
It is important to know that different types of control circuits may be used in one control system, and a completed control loop may consist of a combination of electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic elements.
重要的是要知道，在一个控制系统中可使用不同类型的控制电路，而且一个完整的控制回路可由电力、气动或液压配合组成。
The synchronous motor is even more expensive and requires a source of d.c. excitation, as well as special synchronizing control to apply the d.c. power at the correct instant.
Telephone communication is now widespread and efficient.
The machine is old and heavy.
同步电动机则更贵，而且需要直接励磁电源和专门的同步控制器以便在适当的瞬间接入直流电源。
现在的电话通讯既广泛又有效。
这台机器又旧又笨重。
第2节翻译练习4
We have to replace some of its parts and make this machine more efficient.
To make the balloon descend, the “pilot” opened a valve and allowed some of the gas escape.
我们必须调换某些零件，以使这台机器效率更高。
为使气球降落，“飞行员”打开阀门，以使部分气体逸出。
Change one or more steps and we will improve the quality of the finished products.
Use a transformer and we can transform power at low voltage into power at high voltage and vice versa.
若改变一个或几个步骤，我们就有可能提高成品的质量。
用了变压器，我们就可以把低电压变为高电压，也可把高电压变为低电压。
第2节翻译练习5
Uncap openings in indicators and connect lines.
Install aluminum washers nest to pump, steel washers next, and install nuts.
Lead lacks tensile strength and it cannot be drawn out in the form of fine wire.
取下仪表开口处的盖子，再接上管路。
铅的张力差，因此不能制成细丝状。
紧贴泵处安上铝垫片，然后加钢垫片，再安上螺栓。
For LP turbine there is no residual axial thrust caused from blading because of the turbine’s double-flow arrangement of blading and thus no balancing piston is needed.
至于低压汽轮机，并没有残存的轴力，因为汽轮机的叶栅作双流配置，因而也无需采用平衡
轮。
第2节翻译练习6
The plan is very complicated technically, but the general idea is quite simple.
Now the electrons which have been driven onto the negative plate are trying to get back to the positive plate, but cannot do so because of the e.m.f which is applied to the plates.
这一计划在技术上十分复杂，但总的想法却相当简单。
现在已被赶到负极上的电子力图返回正极，可是由于极板上施加有电动势的缘故而办不到。There are already a number of modern vehicles which are not yet in common use, but which may become a usual means of transport in the future.
现在已有一些现代化的运载工具，它们目前尚未被普遍使用，但将来可能成为一种日常的交通工具。
第2节翻译练习7
But that he prevented me, I might have kept the machine parts in the damp place.
But that the checking up of the experimental data had taken so much time, we should have completed our work long ago.
若不是他阻止，我可能就会把那些机器零件保存在潮湿的地方。
假若检验这些实验数据不花那么多时间，我们早就完成了这项工作。
But for air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.
But for the laws of motion as a basis, thousands of discoveries and inventions would have been out of the question.
要是没有空气，地球温度就会发生剧变。
如果没有运动定律作为基础，就不可能有成千上万的发现和发明。
第2节翻译练习8
The positive and negative ions become separated or dissociated.
No electric charges have been observed of smaller magnitude than the charge of protons or electrons.
Foods quick-frozen in liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide have transformed the way we eat.
正负离子彼此分解或电离。
还没有观察到比质子或电子的电量更小的电荷。
用液态氮或二氧化碳速冻的食物已改变了我们的饮食习惯。
We will start with a cubic inch of hydrogen at atmosphere pressure (or the air pressure at the earth’s surface).
Scientists have shown that certain chemicals are slowly eroding the ozone layer. The main culprits are chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs.
Fire is a chemical action, or an action taking place between different chemical substances.
我们从大气压力（即地球表面的空气压力）下的一立方英寸氢气开始。
科学家们已经证明，某些化工产品会慢慢破坏臭氧层。主要诱因就是氯氟甲烷，即氟里昂。火是一种化学反应，也就是发生在不同化学物质间的一种作用。
第2节翻译练习9
Right or wrong, his theory is the most influential.
All methods, simple or complicated, are employed in the tension-test.
You have to open the switch right away or else the fuse will be burned off.
无论对错，他的理论无疑是最有影响力的。
在拉伸试验中，所有方法不论简单还是复杂，都用过了。
你必须把开关立即断开，否则保险丝就会烧断。
A body must move, or no work is done.
These old transformers have been used for ten or twenty years.
The newly-installed generating set will be put in operation a month or so.
物体必须移动，否则就没有做功。
这些旧变压器已经使用大约一二十年了。
新机组再有一个月左右就投入运行。
第2节翻译练习10
The central computer’s job is to run through the maps in its database as well as details on road works, weather, etc.
Boiling point elevations, as well as the variation of the heat capacities and latent heats with temperature, are negligible.
中心计算机的任务是查阅储存在数据库中的地图以及修路工程、天气等详细情况。
沸点升高以及热容和潜热随温度的变化而忽略不计。
He discovered that he could send the sound of music as well as the dot-and-dash sounds of Morse Code through the coil.
The physics students study chemistry as well as physics.
他发现不仅能使线圈传送莫尔斯电码的点划音，而且也能是线圈传送音乐。（倒译法）
物理系学生不仅学物理，而且要学化学。（倒译）
Experimental data can be used to illustrate the application techniques as well as to demonstrate the validity of the approach.
In order to get various vitamins a person should eat a diet including vegetables as well as meat.
实验数据既能用来说明应用技术，也能用来验证方法的有效性。（顺译）
为了摄取多种维生素，一个人既应该吃些素食，也该吃荤食。（顺译）
第2节翻译练习11
When light strikes an opaque object, the light is either absorbed or reflected.
The oxygen contained in the rocket is either in the liquid or in the solid form.
When astronomers look at the sky, they expect to see either a star or a galaxy.
当光照在不透明的物体上时，光或是被吸引或是被反射。
火箭内储存的氧或是液态的，或是固态的。
每次天文学家观测天空，他们期望看到的不外乎是一个恒星或一个星系。
第2节翻译练习12
There are materials which are neither good conductors nor good insulators.
It is neither possible nor practical to make many parts to an exact size.
Neither glass nor porcelain is a conductor.
有些材料既非良好的导体也非良好的绝缘体。
要使许多零件加工尺寸丝毫不差，既不可能，也不切实际。
玻璃和陶瓷都不是导体。
第2节翻译练习13
Not only does air exert pressure, but it also has buoyancy.
This method not only simplifies analysis but also facilitates measurements.
空气不仅产生压力，而且有浮力。
这种方法不仅简化了分析，而且也便于测量。
7.3 常用主从连接词的译法
第3节翻译练习1
The loop oscillator frequency can be the same as, or a multiple of , the reference frequency. Because a d.c. motor is the same physical machine as a d.c. generator, its equivalent circuit is exactly the same as that of a generator except for the direction of current flow.
环路振荡器可以和参考频率相同，也可以是参考频率的倍数。
由于直流电机与直流发电机的物理结构是一样的，其等效电路除了电流方向外也与直流发电机相同。
R2, as is shown in Fig. 3, has been split in halves to enable the feedback to be applied.
Under certain conditions a body can be charged, as has been said before.
如图3所示，R2被分为两半，使得反馈能够加上去。
在一定的条件下，物体能够带电，这在前面已经讲到。
第3节翻译练习2
As current is increased, the flux builds up according to Curve 2.
As you are doing the experiment, write down the observations.
当电流增大，磁通沿着曲线2增大。
在你做实验的同时，把观察到的情况记录下来。
As the 21st century approaches, complicated digital technologies and the promise of exploding bandwidth are combining to create a third kind of convergence.
As particle has no extent, its position is a point.
As water is a compound, it can be decomposed.
As the current was trebled abruptly, the second valve burnt out.
随着21世纪的来临，复杂的数字技术与带宽不断扩大的前景相结合将会创造出第三种意义的“连通”。
由于质点没有广度，它的位置是一个点。
因为水是化合物，所以可以分解。
由于电流突然增加了两倍，第二个电子管烧坏了。
第3节翻译练习3
Gravity, the force of the earth’s attraction, governs the atmosphere just as it governs solid objects. Some waves are reflected as a mirror reflects light.
The large force is to the small force as the large area is to the small area.
引力，即地球的吸引力，正像它影响着固体那样影响着大气。
大的力与小的力之比就像大面积与小面积之比。
有些波被反射，就像镜子反射光一样。
Electron tubes are not so light in weight as semiconductor devices.
The tools are machined to tolerances as close as 0.0001 inch.
Modern computers can store the facts as fast as they are gathered and pour them out whenever they are needed.
电子管的重量不如半导体器件那么轻。
现代计算机能尽快地将收集到的资料储存起来，并在需要时输送出去。
工具加工的误差接近0.0001英寸。
第3节翻译练习4
Complicated as modern machine is, it is essentially a combination of simple machines.
The various losses in a machine, great as they are, do not in any way contradict the Law of Conservative of Energy.
Very large as the nuclear energy supply in the interior of the star is, it is nevertheless finite.
现代化机器虽然复杂，但实质上不过是许多简单机械的组合。
虽然恒星内部的核能储量很大，但仍是有限的。
机器中的各种损耗尽管很大，但这与能量守恒定律丝毫也不矛盾。
第3节翻译练习5
Each of the two wires carrying currents has a magnetic field, as if it were a magnet.
Water also presses on the inside of the container as though it is trying to escape.
通电的两根导线每一根都有一个磁场，好像是一块磁铁。
水对容器的内壁也产生压力，似乎水力图要流出来一样。
第3节翻译练习6
So long as we have means of producing heat can we keep a steam engine working.
It is capable of keeping its shape as long as the planet keeps spinning.
只要设法产生热，就能使蒸汽机做功。
只要恒星连续不断地旋转，它就能保持自己的形状。
As far as processing power is concerned, the difference between a PC and a mainframe is closing fast.
As far as the quality of transformers is concerned, the ones they produced are better.
就处理能力而言，PC机和大型机之间的差异正在迅速缩小。
就变压器的质量而言，他们生产的变压器更好。
第3节翻译练习7
As soon as printing quality levels can be maintained and the effective life of the machine increased, a preventive maintenance program is effective.
As soon as the electrons are transformed and ions formed, they are charged.
The electrons create a magnetic field as soon as they begin to move.
一旦印刷质量得以保证并且机器有效使用期得以延长，经常性维修保养计划才是行之有效的。一旦电子转移，形成离子，它们就带电了。
电子一开始运动，就产生磁场。
第3节翻译练习8
Before you join one electric wire with another, make sure the current has been switched off.
The leaves separate before the metallic board is touched.
Further study is needed before the origin of the covalent bond can be considered a settle question.
在你把一根电线和另一根电线连接起来之前，务必先切断电源。
在接触金属板以前簧片分开。
需进一步深入研究，才能解决共价键的起源问题。
The direction of the current was decided before electrons were discovered.
She switched on the engine before we could stop her.
电流方向确定了，电子才被发现。
我们还没来得及阻止她，她就开动了发动机。
第3节翻译练习9
Even if one of the engines fails the plane will be able to continue its flight safely.
It has undergone a chemical change since, even if cooled, it will not return to its original condition.
The lathe can turn holes even if it is not a driller.
即使发动机中有一台失灵，飞机仍能安全地继续飞行。
车床尽管不是钻床，也能钻孔。
从那时起它已发生化学变化，即使加以冷却，它也不会恢复原样。
第3节翻译练习10
If a.c. power is available, all drives requiring constant speed should use squirrel-cage induction or synchronous motors because of their ruggedness and lower cost.
If the parting contacts are made of low-melting-point material such as brass or copper, the arc will go out at the first current zero as the voltage is insufficient to reestablish as cathode spot after current reversal.
因为鼠笼式感应电动机或同步电动机经久耐用且成本低，若有交流电源可用，所有需要恒速驱动的装置应使用这两种电机。
如果分段的触点采用低熔点金属（如黄铜、铜）等制作，则电弧会在第一个电流过零点熄灭，因为在电流极性变化后，没有足够的电压再次产生阴极辉光放电。
People might have avoided many accidents if ultrasonic methods had been known.
If a d.c. system were to be used, the transmission loss would be very great.
If there were no air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.
The question is if there are other chief sources of organic materials in addition to coal and petroleum.
要是过去知道超声波法，人们当时是可以避免许多事故的。
如果没有空气，地球温度就会发生剧变。
若采用直流电力网，输电损失就会很大。
问题是除了煤和石油之外是否还有别的有机物主要来源。
第3节翻译练习11
The current flows through a conductor in case there is a difference of potential between the ends of the conductor.
Ordinary movements would be impossible in case friction were unavailable.
如果导体两端有不同电位时，电流就可以通过导体流动。
假如没有摩擦力，常见的活动都不可能进行。
第3节翻译练习12
Once formed, the depletion region acts against further diffusion.
Once the melting point is reached, the temperature will not increase any further until the melting is completed.
Once an object is in motion, it will continue to move.
耗尽区一旦形成，便会阻碍进一步扩散。
一旦达到熔点，温度就不再升高，直到完全熔化。
物体一旦处于运动状态，就会继续运动下去。
第3节翻译练习13
The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume provided its temperature is kept constant.
The blast-furnace is expected to remain the world’s chief source of iron units steelma king, provided adequate supplies of suitable coking coal remain available at competitive cost.
如果温度保持不变，则气体压力和其体积成反比。
只要有足够的焦煤且成本低，高炉仍将是世界上主要的炼铁设备。
All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, in the event that the potential difference is high enough.
The magnetic effect does not represent a continuous expenditure of energy, supposing that the current is steady.
倘若电位差足够高时，所有的物质都将可能通过若干电流。
假如电流稳定的话，磁效应不再继续消耗能量。
第3节翻译练习14
Since that time, especially since the introduction of the Bessemer process, the age of iron has turned into an age of steel.
Electricity has found wide application since it was discovered.
自从那时起，特别是自从采用贝西默炼钢法以来，炼铁时代转变为炼钢时代。。
自从发现电以后，电就获得了广泛的应用。
Since planetesimals aggregated at different distances from the sun’s heat and light, the composition of the planets varies.
Since the secondary winding is normally operated into a high-impedance circuit, the secondary current is quite small.
由于微星聚集的地点离太阳的热和光远近不同，行星的组成也不同。
因为次级绕组通常被输入高阻抗的电路，所以次级电流很小。
第3节翻译练习15
Large accumulations of plant remains indicate that the deposits were formed in close proximity to land in a swamp, estuary, or delta.
One condition for this is that the polymer consists of alternate single and double bonds, termed conjugated double bonds.
若是植物遗骸大量堆积，这表明沉积物是在紧靠陆地的沼泽、港湾或三角洲中形成的。（宾从）
一种情况是，这种聚合物由单双键交替构成，即所谓的共轭双键。（表从）
We are all familiar with the fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving by itself. The pore space of soil that is thoroughly soaked with water does not have any air.
This could result in the development of tiny, powerful computers that run for extended periods of time on little power.
我们都熟知这样一个事实：自然界没有一个物质会自行开始运动或自行停止运动。（同位从）完全被水浸没的土壤，其孔隙没有丝毫空气。（定从）
这种技术可以用于开发体积微小、功能强大的计算机。而这类计算机依靠极少的电能就可以长时间地工作。（定从）
第3节翻译练习16
Many substances such as glass and wood conduct so poorly that they may be called nonconductors or insulators.
At an estimated 80 beats per second, the bee hummer’s wings move so rapidly that the naked eye cannot detect them.
诸如玻璃、木材之类的物质传导性极差，所以可称为非导体或绝缘体。（结果状从）
蜂鸟的翅膀估计每秒扇动80次，速度之快使肉眼看不到它的翅膀。（结果状从）
Cables are usually laid underground so that their life may be extended.
Now that we have examined several areas of natural science, perhaps it would be well to attempt to define science.
Lead is toxic in that it hampers brain development.
电缆通常安装在地下，为的是延长其寿命。（目的状从）
既然我们已经仔细研究了自然科学的几个领域，现在不妨给科学下个定义。（原因状从）
铅有毒，因为铅会影响大脑发育。（原因状从）
第3节翻译练习17
Unless the steam is superheated, higher pressure will be necessary.
A copper wire is not affected unless there is electrical pressure.
Usually substances can’t expand, unless they are heated.
如果蒸汽不是过热蒸汽，就需要较高的压力。
铜线不受磁铁的影响，除非它载有电流。
物质如果不受热，一般是不会膨胀的。
第3节翻译练习18
Until the SCR was developed, the thyratron was the only controlled rectifier available.
Rubber was known only as a natural product until its synthesis was achieved in 1916.
Not until the jet engine had come into use could planes travel at supersonic speeds.
在研制出可控硅之前，闸流管是唯一可用的可控整流元件。
在1916年人工合成橡胶之前，人们只知道橡胶是一种天然产品。
直到喷气发动机投入使用，飞机才能做超音速飞行。
When the water temperature is increased, it vaporizes more quickly until it reaches boiling point. 水温升高时，水蒸发得越来越快，直到达到沸点为止。
第3节翻译练习19
Precisely what happens to the atomic structure of metals at such low temperatures is still not wholly understood.
Since sound travels differently through different materials, analyzing the sounds can reveal what the floor is made of.
在如此低的温度下金属的原子结构到底发生什么变化，还不完全清楚。（主从）
因为声音在不同的物质中传播情况不同，分析这些声音能够知道海底是由什么构成的。（宾从）
A programmer must make out, in every detail, the problem to be solved in what is called machine language.
These illustrations show what happens to the mixture after it enters the cylinder of the engine. The method of physics is to analyze first the simpler cases, to extract what we can from them, and to go forward to more and more complicated cases.
What the image tube does is not hard to describe.
程序编制人员要用所谓的机器语言把要解决的题目详尽地编排出来。（宾从）
这些插图显示混合物进入汽缸后会发生什么情况。（宾从）
显象管的作用不难说清。（主从）
物理学的方法是首先分析一些较简单的事例，从中吸取我们所能吸取的知识，然后进一步分析越来越复杂的事例。（宾从）
第3节翻译练习20
We don’t know when the best times are for seeing Mercury.
We don’t know when they can give the transformers we ordered.
This was the period when he began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.
我们不知道观察水星的最好时机是什么时候。（主从）
我们不知道他们什么时候开始交付我们订购的变压器。（宾从）
就在这期间，他开始进行一项研究，通过这项研究创立了著名的相对论。（定从）
In those years when electricity had not been discovered, people knew nothing of conductors and insulators.
在电还没有被发现的年代里，人们不知道有导体和绝缘体。（定从）
第3节翻译练习21
When a substance is dissolved in water, the freezing point of the water is lowered.
The SCR will only pass current when its gate is pulsed.
Newton’s first two laws hold only when they are observed in unaccelerated reference frames.
当一种物质溶解于水时，水的冰点就会降低。
只有当可控硅的门电极受脉冲作用时才能让电流通过。
牛顿的第一、第二定律，只有在非加速的参照系中作观察时，才能成立。
An electric current exists when there are charges in motion.
如果有电荷运动，就存在着电流。
第3节翻译练习22
Where the power station will be built is under discussion.
Universal connectivity will bring together all the information and services you need and make them available to you regardless of where you are, what you are doing, or the kind of device you are using.
电站建在什么地方正在讨论中。（主从）
通用连接技术将能把你所需要的信息和服务收拢起来。而且无论你在哪里，无论你在做什么，无论你使用何种设备，它都能将这些信息和服务送到你手上。（宾从）
Then arose the question where we were to buy the generators needed.
Water power station must be built where there are water falls.
Where the watt is too small a unit, we may use the kilowatt.
这时就产生了这样一个问题，我们到哪儿买所需要的发电机？（同位从）
水电站必须建在水有落差的地方。（状从）
在用瓦作单位太小的情况下，我们可用千瓦。（状从）
第3节翻译练习23
Resistant and tolerant varieties can help mitigate tuber damage where nematodes are present. Most urban areas now have a TDD relay center, where operators serve as intermediaries between TDD users and standard-phone users.
Surrounding every magnet there is a region where magnetic forces act.
在每一块磁铁的周围都有一个磁力作用的区域。（定从）
抗病虫品种可以有助于减缓线虫对球根的损害。（定从）
现在大部分城市市区都有“耳聋电信装置”中继中心，在那里接线员是“耳聋电信装置”用户和普通电话用户的中间人。（定从）
The reducing top gas, containing 70 percent carbon monoxide plus hydrogen, flows from an outlet pipe located near the top of the DR furnace into the top-gas scrubber, where it is cooled and scrubbed to remove dust particles.
第3节翻译练习24
The question is whether these relays and breakers come up to the mark.
We wonder whether simpler and more inclusive conservation laws exist.
There is no difference whether or not the temperature is kept constant.
A waterfall, whether it is man-made or natural, also possesses energy.
我们不知道是否有形式更简单、运用范围更广泛的守恒定律。（宾从）
温度是否保持不变，这没有什么关系。（同位从）
问题是这些继电器和断路器是否合乎要求。（表从）
瀑布，不管它是人造的还是天然的，也具有能量。（状从）
第3节翻译练习25
Which of these generators is the most efficient has to be tested.
The problem is which generator you repair first.
As to which of these apparatuses is the best, I can’t give you any definite answer.
这些发电机中哪一个最有效还有待试验。（主从）
至于这些装置中哪台最好，我不能作任何肯定的回答。（宾从）
问题是你先修哪一台发电机。（表从）
第3节翻译练习26
Technology tries to find applications for new ideas which science discovers.
In order to keep the engine speed within the limits which it was designed for, a device which is known as a governor is incorporated in the engine.
The basic principle which a tape recorder functions on is that of magnetism.
技术力图为科学所发现的新思想找到应用。（定从）
为了使发动机的转速保持在所设计的范围之内，在发动机里装有被称为调速器的装置。（定从）
磁带录音机的基本工作原理就是磁性原理。（定从）
Molecules in turn are made up of atoms, which are smaller particles still.
An experimental station has been established off the Ivory Coast of Africa, which utilizes the different temperature levels of sea water.
Light has a higher frequency than radio vaves or microwaves, which gives it a greater information carrying capacity.
分子本身又是由原子构成，后者是更小的粒子。（定从）
在非洲象牙海岸沿海已建立起一座试验性发电站，该发电站利用海水的温度级差来发电。（定从）
光的频率高于无线电波和微波，这就使它具有更大的信息运载能力。（定从）
At present, microwave technology, which includes microwave heating and microwave survey, is being widely applied to industrial and agricultural production.
Many people could find that videoconferencing yields productivity gains which make it worth the investment of time and money.
目前，微波技术，包括微波加热和微波测量，正广泛地应用于工农业生产。（定从）
许多人会发现，视频会议系统可以提高生产效率，因此它值得我们投入时间和金钱。（定从）第3节翻译练习27
Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
New types of computers are smaller in size, while they are simpler in operation.
Each face is an equilateral triangle, while three faces meet at each vertex.
新型计算机体积较小，而且操作也比较简单。
每一个面是一个正三角形，而且在每一个顶点有三个面相交。
运动是绝对的，而静止是相对的。
第3节翻译练习28
While a crystal solid melts, there is no change in temperature.
While there are heat losses in a steam turbine, I cannot prove it.
W hile a spark of life remains, it is a doctor’s duty to save the patient.
当晶态固体熔化时，温度没有变化。
虽然涡轮机内有热损耗，但我无法加以证明。
只要病人还有一息生机，医生就有责任挽救。
第3节翻译练习29
It is still not clear in my mind why a generator can produce power.
This is why some conjugated polymers exhibit electro-luminescence.
We all know why the ground loses heat to the air.
我仍然弄不明白为什么发电机能发电。（主从）
这就是为什么一些共轭聚合物具有电致发光的特点。（表从）
我们都知道为何地表把热量输送给空气。（宾从）
The reason why elements emit radioactive rays is that they are constantly decaying.
The reason why the turbine doesn’t work is the lack of lubricant.
元素射出放射线的原因是因为它们不停地在衰变。（定从）
那台汽轮机运转不灵的原因是缺少润滑油。（定从）
第7章总复习题
The conductivity of polyacetylene drops rapidly in contact with air.
There is a brighter future for intelligent devices in the home.
The scientists found that the blood vessels in the leg cannot swell.
Once upon a time, bold claims were made about computers, the future and the “paperless office”.聚乙炔一接触空气，其导电性就迅速下降。
家庭智能装置仍有着更加光明的前景。（省译）
科学家们发现腿内的血管不会肿胀。
曾几何时，有人就有关计算机、未来和“无纸化办公”做过大胆的预测。
The doctor advised against the use of the new treatment.
If a good base cannot be found at a reasonable depth, then a so-called deep foundation must be provided.
Magnetic lines of force cannot be seen, but we know they exist by what they do.
磁力线是看不见的，但是我们按照它们的作用即知它们的存在。
医生建议不要使用新的治疗方法。
若在合理的深度内找不到坚实的地基层，那就要采用所谓的深基础。
We may process directly with Kirchoff’s voltage law for the circuit.
The proper values of a and b are determined from two conditions.
Optional communications are free from electromagnetic interference.
This type of discrepancy could have resulted from differences in kinetics.
a和b的值由两个条件决定。
对于电路，我们可直接从克希荷夫电压定律讲起。
光电通信不受电磁的干扰。
这种差异可能是由动力的不同而造成的。
The visual image of the letters making up the word is converted into its spoken equivalent. Primitive man made weapons, tools, and utensils of copper, brass, and bronze.
The longer wavelengths of radio signals pass through the atmosphere relatively undisturbed.
将组成词的各字母的视觉形象转换成该词对应的发音。
相对来说，波长较长的射电讯号通过大气时没有受到干扰。
原始人类用铜、黄铜和青铜制作成各种武器、工具和器皿。
Most hardness-testing systems employ a standard load which is applied to a ball or pyramid in contact with the material to be tested.
All metals are corrodible under the proper circumstances.
The design of the rocket nozzle also has much to do with the behavior of the exhaust and the resulting velocity of the vehicle itself.
多数的硬度实验系统使用一标准载荷加在与实验金属相接触的小球或棱锥上。
所有金属在一定情况下都是可腐蚀的。
火箭喷管的设计与排气的性能及飞行器本身的有效速度有很大关系。
Peripheral milling operations are usually performed on milling machines with the spindle positioned horizontally; however, they can also be performed with end mills on vertical-spindle machines.
Copper and aluminum are the best conductors of electric current only after silver.
From various experiments we cannot but think the theory still holds good.
周铣作业通常在带有水平定位主轴的铣床上进行，但也可以在带有端面铣刀的主轴铣床上进行。
铜和铝是仅次于银的最好的导电体。
根据各种实验，我们不得不承认这个理论依然是行之有效的。
Hydrogen is generated from zinc and sulfuric acid.
The sort of fish cannot live in the temperate zone, let alone in the frigid zone.
The locomotive developed some new problems on its line-test.
Gases can be chemisorbed or physically absorbed on solids.
氢由锌和硫酸所产生。
这种鱼不适合在温带生活，更不必说在寒带了。
这台机车在试运行时出现了一些新问题。
气体能化学吸附或物理吸附在固体上。
Under ideal conditions the fatigue failure will consist of a spotting of the load-carrying surfaces. Oxidation implies the combination of other elements with oxygen to form compounds.
在理想条件下，疲劳失效将是承载表面的点蚀。
氧化意味着其他元素与氧形成化合物。
第8章
第1节翻译练习1
This gas (ozone gas) is found some 15 to 35 kilometers above the Earth’s surface in the upper atmosphere or “stratosphere”.
这一气体（臭氧）位于地球表面上空大约15-35公里的大气层或“同温层”。
Air load can be placed in equilibrium with inertia load.
气动载荷可以与惯性负载相平衡。
When opposing forces balance each other, a state of equilibrium or balance is reached.
当两个反方向作用的力相互抵消时，便达到平衡状态。
第1节翻译练习
The microwave is featured by wide band and the ability to penetrate high altitude ionosphere without obstruction.
微波的特点是频带宽可无阻碍地穿过高空大气电离层。
The deck of the triple-hull submarine is situated much lower and in consequence better utilization of space is possible.
三层船壳潜水艇的甲板位置要低得多，因而有可能更好地利用空间。
Microscope continues to be a very important tool in science today.
显微镜仍然是今日科学中很重要的工具。
Such waves occur most frequently at stormy latitudes, where the storms tend to come in groups traveling in the same direction, with only short periods separating them.
首先，我们有可能注意到，有一系列附加因素在加速这一过程。
第1节翻译练习3
As the flight speed increases, there comes a point where the flow reaches the local speed of sound. 随着飞行速度的增加，这一流动可能会达到局部音速。
The wheel is considered to be one of the greatest technical advances in human history.
轮子是人类历史上最伟大的技术进步之一。
There is confusion over the differences between basic and applied research.
基础研究和应用研究之间的区别分辨不清。
In contrast to conductors, there are very few free electrons in an insulator.
与导体完全不同，绝缘体中自由电子很少。
Consideration should be given to the amount of wear likely to take place before the next inspection falls due.
必须考虑到下次检修之前可能发生的磨损量。
Like the gasoline engine, the diesel engine generally is constructed with several cylinders.
像汽油机一样，柴油机通常也有数个气缸。
第1节翻译练习4
Glass does not conduct electricity, neither does the air.
玻璃不导电，空气也不导电。
The electric power can be transmitted either by means of d.c. or a.c.
电既可以直流传输，也可以交流传输。
At the next station the angry conductor put Edison and all his things off the train.
到了下一站，气冲冲的列车员把爱迪生赶下了火车，并把他所有的东西都扔了下去。
第2节翻译练习1
The technique is used to detect flaws in equipment.
该项技术被用来探测设备的缺陷。
Conducting an electric current means transmitting electrons.
传导电流就意味着传送电子。
Control of the refrigeration process is simplified by the use of a liquid subcooling control valve.
冷冻过程的控制可采用一个液体过冷控制阀而得到简化。
第2节翻译练习2
That winter, I did not know the principles of work of this machine, not to speak of designing it.
那年冬天，我连这台机器的操作原理都不懂，更不用说设计这种机器了。
They worked out new control elements, making the operation much easier.
他们研制出了新的控制元件，从而使操作容易多了。
He said he would check up and repair these transformers.
他曾说过他要检查和修理这些变压器。
第2节翻译练习3
There will be more and more telephones in the futures, and they will be better ones.
将来会有越来越多的电话机，而且它们将更好。
Decisions about site, silviculture and genetics will affect harvest volume and log and wood properties.
有关场址、造林术和遗传学的决策将会影响产量以及圆木和木材性质。
Fossil fuels will continue to act as the principal fuel source in the first quarter of the 21st century. 矿物燃料的21世纪在头25年里将仍然是主要的燃料来源。
第2节翻译练习4
In recent years scientists have found chemicals that affect mood, memory, and other happenings of the mind.
近年来，科学家们已经发现了一些会影响情绪、记忆、以及其他精神活动的化学物质。Some makers have already moved to 17-inch models as their focus while others are keeping the attention on the 15-inch line.
有些制造商已经将注意力转移到17英寸显示器的生产，而其他一些制造商则仍主要生产15英寸显示器。
Environment Canada has also invented a very sensitive instrument that takes ozone layer measurements from the ground.
加拿大环境部门已经发明了一种十分敏感的检测仪，它能从地面测量臭氧层数据。
第2节翻译练习5
Now attempts are being made to increase the proportion of electrically powered vehicles on the road, particularly by manufacturing an ordinary motor car thus powered.
目前正试图增大道路上电动车辆的比例，特别是要生产电动的普通汽车。
Today the role of neuropeptides in human behavior is creating much interest.
目前，神经肽对于人类行为的作用正在引起人们的很大兴趣。
People are still talking about the historic events of last week, when the first spacemen circled the earth.
人们还在谈论上星期的历史性事件，第一批太空人环绕地球飞行。
第3节翻译练习1
Water necessary for the seed to germinate.
种子发芽需要水分。
It is vital to ensure that a patient is not one of the minority before cutting into his right hemisphere. 在对大脑右半脑进行手术之前，确信病人不是那些少数人之一是非常重要的。
It is usually best to avoid substitution of numerical values until the final formula has been obtained.
在得到最后公式之前，最好不要代入数值。
It is rather difficult to define this quantity precisely.
对这个量要精确地下定义是相当困难的。
When reading a thermometer, it is essential to hold the instrument in an upright position, otherwise the reading may be wrong.
读取温度计示数时，一定要使温度计保持直立的位置。
It is often necessary to multiply a quantity by itself a number of times.
常常需要将一个量自乘若干次。
It is difficult to remove the impurities from the solution.
很难将溶液中的杂质去除。
The phenomenon is difficult to explain.
这个现象很难解释。
第3节翻译练习2
The idea here is to locate, in the weather records, conditions that are as analogous to the current conditions as possible.
灯泡底座的两个接触头通过灯座借以传送电流。
One way in which costs can be minimized in manufacture or construction is to use standard parts. 将生产或制造成本降低到最低限度的一种方法就是采用标准部件。
The only way a home computer can effectively deal with the huge amounts of data required for good quality video is to compress it.
家用电脑有效处理高品质视频所需大量数据的唯一途径就是压缩。
第3节翻译练习3
The use of parallel circuits makes it possible to switch any light or appliance on or off without affecting other circuits.
使用并联电路使我们可能开关任何电灯或电器而不影响到别的电路。
There bees and hummingbirds help pollinate plants and a colony of termites aid in the decomposition of dying material.
在那里，蜜蜂和蜂鸟有助于给植物传授花粉，成群的白蚁能促进枯萎的枝叶分解。
They forgot to include some other alloying metals into the alloy.
他们忘了在合金中放入某些其他的合金金属。
第3节翻译练习4
The study of thermodynamics enables us to predict which processes or reactions might occur spontaneously.
对热力学的研究使我们能够预计哪些过程或反应可以自发的进行。
Short circuits would cause very strong currents to flow.
短路会使得很大的电流通过。
The new information led scientists to assume that Venus rotates on its axis very slowly.
这一新信息使科学家们设想，金星及其缓慢地饶轴自转。
第3节翻译练习5
The carrier wave is modulated to transmit the signal.
通常用微粒除尘机控制粉尘污染。
The spark is timed to occur before the piston reaches top dead center, otherwise maximum pressure would not be reached in time.
火化应定在活塞到达上死点之前出现，否则不能按时达到最大的压力。
Turbine blades must be produced to withstand creep and corrosion.
绝缘体用来把电流限制在所要求的路线中。
第3节翻译练习6
Even though the ozone layer is an invisible shield, scientists have found a number of ways to measure it.
臭氧层是一种不可见的保护层，不过科学家们已经找到了多种测量它的方法。
People are searching for the new and better ways to prevent factories from sending out poisonous gases and polluted water.
人们正在寻找防止工厂排放有毒气体和污水的新的更好的方法。
There was simply no visible evidence to support such a theory.
根本看不到有任何明显的证据来支持这一理论。
第3节翻译练习7
To get a great amount of water power we need large pressure and current.
要得到巨大的水力，就需要高水压和大流量。
All air would be passed through a cleaning system to remove dust particles, pollen, noxious gases, and other pollutants.
所有的空气都通过净化系统来消除灰尘、花粉、有害气体及其他污染物。
The problems include the development of processes (catalytic converters, effluent treatment facilities) to minimize the release of or deactivate products harmful to the environment.
问题包括开发加工技术（催化转换器、污水处理设施）以尽可能地减少排放对环境有害的物质，或使有害物非活性化。
This causes the belt to wedge itself into the groove to increase the friction.
这就使得本身契入槽中，以增大摩擦。
A resistor is placed parallel with another only to make the current greater.
一只电阻箱与另一只电阻器并联，从而使电流变大。
Sophisticated technology devices for disabled people are often expensive to buy and to produce. 供残疾人使用的先进技术设备的生产成本和购买价格往往很高。
第3节翻译练习8
Thanks to fast printers and copiers, producing a high-quality document on paper has become much easier.
由于高速打印机和复印件的出现，制作高质量纸张文档变得极为容易。
Eliminating popular misconceptions about disability can also play a role in enabling the visually and hearing impaired to live on equal terms with the sighted and the hearing.
消除普遍存在的对残疾人的错误看法也有助于使视力和听力损伤者与耳聪目明的健康人平等的生活。
Increasing its diameter will decrease the resistance of a wire.
加大导线的直径会降低其电阻。
第3节翻译练习9
Arc welding is making metals together by means of an electric current.
电弧焊是利用电流把金属溶解在一起。
One basis of a biometric verifier is analyzing the dynamics of the way a person signs his or her name.
生物统计学核实器的一个基本点的分析一个人签名时的书法笔力。
The aim of document management software is reducing the workload and improves the productivity of most offices.
文档管理软件的目标就是要减少大多数办公室的工作量并提高工作效率。
第3节翻译练习10
We avoided using an expensive component by redesigning the circuit.
我们重新设计了电路，避免了使用一种昂贵的元件。
The majority of alloys are prepared by mixing metals in the molten state.
大多数合金是将熔态的金属混合制成。
A clean machine gives all concerned the feeling or producing a high-quality printing product.
一台洁净的机器给各有关人员的感觉是能生产出高质量印刷产品。
第3节翻译练习11
Mounting the panel model on a short strut has the advantages of decreasing the tare drag of the setup.
把翼片模型安装在一个短支柱上，其优点是减少了安装支架的阻力。
There are four ways for transmitting power from the electric motor to the spindle.
有四种方法可以把动力从电动机传到主轴。
An important consideration in making resistance calculations is the effect of temperature on resistivity.
在进行电阻的计算时，应重点考虑的一点就是温度对电阻率的影响。
第3节翻译练习12
The major advantages of the transistor as used in electronic circuits are light weight, small space, low power consumption.
使用在电子电路中的晶体管的主要优点是重量轻、体积小、耗电量低。
Association is the basis of conditioned reflexes.
心理联想是条件反射的基础。
Submarines can assume any desired depth between the surface and the sea floor by changing their densities.
潜水艇通过改变自身的密度可以达到介于海面与海底之间所期望的任何深度。
The need for after-treatment can be avoided by using better prepared feedstock.
利用一种较好的、经过特别处理的原料，就可以不必进行后处理。
Specialists in all branches of mechanical engineering are keenly aware of the necessity of replacing machines with periodic operation by continuously operating machines.
机械工程各部门的专家们都深深感到必须用连续操作的机器来代替间歇操作的机器。
The amount of heat given out by the heater increases in direct proportion to the length of time the heater is on.
加热机器所放出的热量与加热器开的时间长短成正比。
Robots will be carrying out many tasks at present carried out by men.
机器人将完成目前由人来做的许多工作。
The test specimen prepared from the test samples selected from copper rods shall meet the requirements of this standard.
用从铜棒中选取的试样制成的试件必须符合本标准的技术要求。
The only semiconductor element used in early 1940s-style microwave circuits was the crystal detector diode.
在20世纪40年代早期微波电路使用的唯一的半导体器件是晶体检波二极管。
The product should pass all the environment tests as specified in the table 6.
产品应用通过表6所规定的全部环境试验项目。
In fact, materials as used in transistors do not exist in nature but are man-made.
实际上，晶体管中所用的材料是人造的，在自然界中并不存在。
Curved surfaces may reflect light regularly.
曲面会规则地反光。
Whenever current flows in a circuit containing resistance, a voltage appears across the terminals of the resistance.
每当电流流过具有电阻的电路时，电阻两端之间会出现电压。
Automation makes skilled labor available for more creative occupation.
自动化技术使熟练的劳动者能从事更有创造性的职业。
The typical problem of circuit and network theory is to determine the currents caused by the application of a given voltage to a given circuit or network.
电路和网络理论的典型问题是确定将一定电压加于一定电路或网络所引起的电流。
第3节翻译练习13
Pig iron contains a number of impurities, including carbon from the coke.
生铁含有一些杂质，其中包括来自焦炭的碳。
Every crane has a certain lifting capacity, ranging from a few tons to many hundreds of tons.
每台起重机均有一定的起重力，该起重力从几吨到几百吨不等。
The electric charges which flow in mental to form what is called electric current are electrons belonging to metal atoms.
在金属中流动从而形成所谓电流的电荷属于金属原子的电子。
第3节翻译练习14
I found the spring removed from the machine unharmed.
我发现此弹簧从机器上拆下以后没有损伤。
A watt of power will keep a current of one ampere flowing in a circuit under a pressure of one volt.
一瓦电能使一安培电流在电压为一伏的回路中流动。
第3节翻译练习15
Observed in unaccelebrated reference frames, Newton’s first two laws hold.
在非加速的参照系中作观察时，牛顿第一、第二定律才能成立。
Having been well insulated, the wire may be used as a conductor.
经过良好的绝缘之后，金属线可用作导体。
Having reached boiling point, water vaporizes more quickly.
水在达到沸点之后，蒸发得越来越快。
When making identifications, biometric systems read in a user’s characteristics.
进行身份鉴定时，生物统计学系统读入使用者的特征。
第3节翻译练习16
Looking at a cross section of a water wave, we may see that it is periodic in character.
如果观察水波的横截面，我们就会发现水波具有周期性。
Living in a space shuttle, human beings will meet with some problems such as weightlessness and lacking of oxygen.
假如人类生活在航天飞机上，就会碰到失重和缺氧等问题。
Using a transformer, we can increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current.
如果使用变压器，就可以升高或降低交流电的电压。
第3节翻译练习17
Such a reaction can be very dangerous, causing the cutoff of your oxygen supply.
这种反应可能造成很大危险，因为它能切断你的氧气供应。
Designed to be earthquake-proof, the tunnel can move laterally up and down or slide endwise.
由于是按防震要求所设计的，这条隧道可以左右、上下移动或向两端延伸。
第3节翻译练习18
Possessing many excellent features, the three-phase induction motor is not a variable-speed machine.
三相感应电动机虽有许多优点，但不是变速电机。
Highly mechanized, the food and textile industries still rely on the human senses for certain
essential operations.
食品业和纺织业虽已高度机械化，扔依赖于人的感官来进行某些重要的工序。Considered a difficult material to weld, aluminum is, in fact, one of the most readily weldable of all metals.
肃然铝被认为是一种难焊的材料，事实上确实所有金属中最容易焊接的金属之一。
第3节翻译练习19
Bricks are produced in standard sizes, making them easy to handle.
通常的砖都具有一定的尺寸和规格，这样容易砌筑。
Its hot innermost constituents drifted farther inward, enlarging the protosun.
星云盘最里面的高温部分进一步向内漂动，使原始太阳增大。
The expanding gas rotates the turbine, thus giving up a large part of its power.
膨胀的气体转动涡轮机，从而放出了大部分的动力。
第3节翻译练习20
Using a magnetic or electric field, the emanations from radioactive elements can be separated into three components——alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.
发动机可以是气冷式的或是水冷式的，后者更为常见。
Depending on their method of functioning, a distinction is be to made between hydraulic and mechanical presses.
根据其工作方法，可以把压力机区分为水压机和机械压力机。
Bats fly through the darkest nights not hitting anything except their intended targets——months and other flying insects, which the bats hunt and eat.
蝙蝠在漆黑的夜晚飞翔，除了想要捕捉和吞噬目标——蛾子和其他飞虫——之外，不会碰到任何东西。
第3节翻译练习21
The voltage being kept constant, the current varies inversely with the resistance.
电压保持不变时，电流和电阻成反比。
Simple substances consist of atoms, each substance having its special atoms.
简单物质都由原子组成，每种物质都有它特有的原子。
第4节翻译练习1
All-mental locknuts can withstand temperatures above 300C。
全金属自锁螺母能耐300度以上的高温。
The network can take care of its own devices.
这种网络能监控自身的设备。
We can readily visualize an object carrying a charge.
我们能够很容易地观察到一个物体带电。
Heat cannot flow spontaneously from a cooler to a hotter body.
热决不会自发地从低温物体流向高温物体。
As shown in Fig.8, the resultant current could not fall to zero.
如图8所示，合成电流决不会降至零。
With expensive editing computers, you could edit video just like a document with cutting and passing.
使用昂贵的编辑用计算机，你可以像编辑文档一样编辑视频材料，对其进行剪切和粘贴。
A beam of electrons can be bent by passing it between a magnet’s poles.
使一束电子通过磁铁的两极之间，可使电子束方向偏斜。
科技英语翻译Unit 1—Unit 7
Unit 1 Electronics:Analog and Digital 1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in the circuit the lower the Q and, accordingly, the flatter and broader the resonance curve of either line current or circuit impedance. 对于串联谐振，电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低，相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。 2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighs exactly the same as it does when it is not carrying a current. 一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。 3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulse repetition rate, or directly enter a new value of the period in the provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse width unchanged. 在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率，或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值，而保持脉冲宽度不变。 4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas, in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor. Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics. 电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。注意，在本书中粒子运动仅限于金属的情况不属于电子学。 5.Hardware technologies have played vital roles in our ability to use electronic properties to process information, but software and data processing aspects have not developed at the same speed. 硬件技术在我们使用电子特性来处理信息的能力中一直起着重要作用，而软件及数字处理方面却没能与硬件同步发展。 6.However, in a properly designed DC amplifier the effect of transistor parameter variation, other than Ico, may be practically eliminated if the operation point of each stage is adjusted so that it remains in the linear operation range of the transistor as temperature varies. 然而在设计得当的直流放大器中，若调节每一级的工作点使之在温度变化时保持在晶体管线性区，就能在实际上消除Ico以外的晶体管参数变化所造成的影响。
实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题
2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)（2个题） 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy（确切性）: accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy（单义性）: one sense for one word C .systematization（系统性）:the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct（语言的正确性）: in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness（简明性）: concise and easy to remember F. motivation（理据性）: just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.
科技英语综合教程课后谜底及课文翻译[资料]
科技英语综合教程课后谜底及课文翻译[资料] 科技英语综合教程课后答案及课文翻译 科技英语综合教程课后答案及课文翻译 Unit 1 Translation Practice II. Words and Phrases Translation A. Translate the following expressions intoChinese: 1. mutual gain game and mutual harm game 互赢博弈和互败博弈 2. sequential-move game 连续策略博弈 3. simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈 4. linear reasoning 直线推理 5. circular reasoning 循环推理 6. Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡 7. dominant strategy 支配性策略 8. optimal result 最优化结果 9. breakdown of cooperation 合作分裂 10. strategy of brinkmanship 边缘化策略 B. Translate the following expressions intoEnglish: 1. 完全博弈 pure conflict 2. 竞争与合作 competition and cooperation 3. 策略性相互作用 strategic interdependence 4. 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma 5. 长远性损失 long-run loss 6. 针锋相对策略 tit-for-tat strategy 7. 混合性策略mixing one’s moves 8. (网球)斜线球或底线球 hita passing shot cross-court or down the line 9. 垄断性市场 monopoly market
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
《信息科技英语翻译》期末考试 A卷参考答案
《信息科技英语翻译》期末考试A卷参考答案 一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.所谓翻译就是把一种语言文字所表达的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来的语言转换过程，是通过译 者在不同语言之间进行的一种语言交流活动。 A. 形式/内容 B. 增译/省译 C. 转换/交流 D. 直译/意译 2.著名的“信达雅”三字翻译标准是清末启蒙思想家严复所提出的。 A. 玄奘 B. 严复 C. 傅雷 D. 钱钟书 3.翻译中所谓的“忠实”，首先是指忠实于原文的内容。 A. 原文 B. 译文 C. 原语 D. 译语 4.信息科技英语的翻译标准应该是：准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰。 A. 忠实、通顺 B. 意美、形美、音美 C. 传神、化境 D. 准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰 5.信息科技英语翻译中所谓的准确，就是忠实地、不折不扣地传达原文的全部信息内容。 A. 信息 B. 意义 C. 风格 D. 思想 6.要做好科技英语的翻译工作，通常要求译者具有较高的英语水平、汉语水平、科技知识水平和翻译 理论水平。 A. 口头表达能力 B. 书面表达水平 C. 英语水平 D. 思维能力 7.信息科技英语文体的特点是第三人称多，被动语态多，专业名词、术语多，非谓语动词多，长句子 多。 A. 第一人称 B. 第二人称 C. 第三人称 D. 三种人称 8.信息科技英语翻译中直译法是最常见的译法之一。 A. 直译法 B. 意译法 C. 合译法 D. 分译法 9.英语中的同一个词，同一词类，在不同场合往往有不同的含义，常常要求译者根据上下文的联系， 以及句型来确定某个词在特定场合下的词义。 A. 词语 B. 词汇 C. 词序 D. 词义 10.所谓增译就是在译文中添加英语原文省略、或原文中无其词而有其意的词语。 A. 省译 B. 增译 C. 顺译 D. 倒译 二、是非题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.由于英汉两种语言结构与表达方式的不同，有些句子在汉译时不能逐词对译。（是） 2.英语中有大量动词派生的名词和具有动词意义的名词，均不可以转译为汉语的动词。（非） 3.英语定冠词the表示某一类特定的人或事物中的“某一个”，不可译为“该”、“这个/种”、“那个/种” 等。（非） 4.在代词的翻译中，所谓互换，就是将英语原文句子中的名词（即先行词）与代替该名词的代词，在 翻译时进行相互换为。（是） 5.信息科技英语中理解和翻译数词本身并不难，但当数字在句子中表示各种概念时，要理解和翻译一 些数量概念的句型结构时可能就会遇到困难，甚至有时出现误解、误译等现象。（是） 6.大多数作前置定语和少数作后置定语的形容词以及表语形容词，在翻译时一般可以直接译出，即译 为汉语的定语“的”字结构，也可省略“的”字。（是） 7.当英语的动词转译成汉语的名词时，修饰该英语动词的形容词往往转译成汉语的副词。（非） 8.英语介词在古英语中属于动词，因此在翻译时可将英语介词译为汉语动词。（是） 9.英语的连词从形式上可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。（非） 10.英语动词有限定性动词与非限定性动词之分，而不定式、动名词和分词三种限定性动词在科技英语 翻译中应引起我们高度重视。（非） 三、句子英汉翻译（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 1.Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user. 软件包的开发只是为某一用户的特定需要服务。 2.After the spring has been closed to its solid height, the compressive force is removed. 弹簧被压缩到并紧高度之后，就没有压力了。 3.The longest light waves we can see are red, the shortest violet, and in between are other colors. 可见光波中最长的是红色，最短的光波是紫色，其他颜色的光波介于这二者之间。 4.Both pumps offer excellent metering performance, high vacuum lift, dry priming capability and no possibility of back-flow. 两类泵还具有良好的计量、高真空提升、干启动以及防回吸等功能。 5.Once it is combined, nitrogen is not chemically inert any longer. 氮气一经化合，在化学上它就变得活泼了。
小议科技英语翻译技巧
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
西南交大科技英语翻译期末考试复习题答案
1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. 这里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。 2.After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it. 澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后，受到了纳税人的广泛称赞，因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了 3.Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. 虽然人们生来要成功，然而，他们同样生来就是无助的，完全依靠环境。成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立，然后过渡到相互依靠。失败者则不然。 4.Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。 5.No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. 中餐桌上最神奇,最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子. 6.It is not on the shores of continents, nor in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 然而，浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸，也不在沿海诸岛，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 7.Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last “forever”; others do not. 环境与人都在不断地改变。有些友谊地久天长，有些则如昙花一现。
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
科技英语翻译(1)
邢骏杰信息工程1班20091309010 We use touch screens everywhere: tourist kiosks, automatic teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, industrial controls. Half a dozen vendors, plus in-house departments at major manufacturers, produced $800 million worth in 2000. The market is growing because the interfaces are easy-to-use, durable and inexpensive. Touch screens employ one of three physics principles for detecting the point of touch. Pressing a “resistive” design with a finger or other stylus raises a voltage. In “capacitive” models, a finger draws a minute current (this method is often used for cursor pads on notebook computers). In other designs, a finger or stylus interrupts a standing pattern of acoustic waves or infrared lights that blanket the surface. Resistive screens are the oldest, most widely used and least expensive, and they work with any stylus (finger, pen). Capacitive screens must be touched by a finger or an electrically grounded stylus to conduct current. Wave screens are the newest and most expensive. Surface acoustic wave screens must be touched by a finger or a soft stylus such as a pencil eraser to absorb energy; infrared screens work with any stylus. The different technologies may be used in the same applications, although pros and cons lead to prevalent combinations: resistive screens for industrial controls and Palm Pilots; capacitive screens for slot machines; wave screens for A TMs and indoor kiosks. Most people are unaware of the type of screen they are using. But tricks can help you tell, according to Frank Shen of Elo TouchSystems in Fremont, Calif., the largest U.S. maker. Push the screen lightly with your fingernail (not your skin). If it responds, it could be resistive or infrared. In this case, place two separated fingers aga inst the screen at the same time. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is infrared (software registers the first touch); if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is resistive (the points are averaged). If the unit does not respond to your fingernail, again place two separated fingers against it. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is acoustic wave; if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is capacitive.