高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题

高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题

㈠高考短文改错命题焦点：短文改错是全国统一高考中一种综合性很强的试题。短文改错的文章多采用记叙文，有时也用说明文。在100词左右的短文中设有十个小题，该题的设计形式有四种：1．该行错一个词，找出来并改正。

2．该行多一个词，找出来并去掉。

3．该行缺一个词，补上一词。

4．该行没错，不改动。

从近几年的高考题来看，这四种形式的考查情况大致为：多一词1～2处；缺一词1～2处；正确1处；错一词5～6处。这种题说到底是考查用词、词的搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平。换句话说，这是一种比较全面的考查。我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句，句不离篇，要特别注意词的用法、搭配和语法分析能力的培养。平时打好这种基础，就为正确地解题准备了条件。

㈡短文改错解题技巧：

⒈快速阅读掌握大意。

短文改错时应先从头到尾快速读一遍，了解其大意，这样有助于了解其中的逻辑关系，对时态、人称等都心中有数。十行中一般有九行有错误，一行无错，如发现并纠正错误，首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解，阅读中注意句子的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词或动词短语，注意句子中的名词、数词，以及其他词性的语法要求，注意句子之间的逻辑关系，注意段落的主旨内容，注意整篇短文的中心内容，这样才更加有效地完成改错。

⒉在改错过程中，

要结合上下文语境来观察，不要只盯住一行。按照上述的原则，对语法、句法、逻辑词义、搭配等诸方面进行综合考查分析并改正错误，应看上下文中有无逻辑关系上的错误，有无语法修饰上的错误，有无惯用法方面的错误。如果没有发现明显错误，则分别检查时态、人称，单复数，主谓一致等各项。

⒊检查句与句之间的逻辑关系是否恰当。如有不妥之处，看看是否关联词有问题。

⒋整篇做完后，认真检查一遍，注意其中逻辑关系是否合理，时态人称等是否一致。

㈢短文改错常见考点：

⒈多一词：

抽象名词前多一冠词：

如：Modern people know more about the health.（去掉the ）

专有名词前多一冠词：

如: the England(去掉the ), the Hebei Province（去掉the ）, the Beijing Airport（去掉the ）

固定词组中名词前多一冠词：

如：go to the school（去掉the ）, go to the prison（去掉the ）,at the work（去掉the ）, in the bed （去掉the ）, go to the hospital（去掉the ）, set a fire to sth （去掉a）., at the first（去掉the ）, the most of them（去掉the ）,at the noon（去掉the ）, make a rapid progress（去掉a ），a plenty of（去掉 a ）

表示交通工具的和by连用的名词前多一冠词：

如：by the air（去掉the ）, by the bus（去掉the ）, by the ship（去掉the ）

表示体育活动的名词前；

如：play the football（去掉the ）, play the basketball（去掉the ）

表示节日（常含有Day）的名词前多一冠词：

如：the National Day（去掉the ）, the May Day（去掉the ）

表示“非常”意思的“most”前多一冠词：

如：He is the most hardworking. （去掉the ）

某种让步状语从句中名词前面多一冠词：

如：

A child as he is, he knows a lot. （去掉 a ）

在表示时间的“one/ this/ every + 名词”的时间状语前多一介词：

如：on one day（去掉on ）, on that evening（去掉on ）, in every week（去掉in）

某些及物动词因混淆词义而多一介词或副词；

如：

①raise up one’s hand（去掉up ）

②pick（摘）up apples（去掉up ）

③return back(回来) （去掉back）

④repeat again（去掉again）

⑤play with them in the match（去掉with ）

⑥marry with the man（去掉with ）

⑦serve for the people（去掉for ）

⑧enter into the room（去掉into）

⑨I learn English every day to improve it better（去掉better ）.

表示地点的副词前多一介词：

如：

①go to there（去掉to ）

②drive to home（去掉to）

③return to home（去掉to ）

某些动词、连词、介词或副词后面多了一个介词：

如：

①because of his left leg was broken（去掉of）

②instead of he developed his love for the theatre（去掉of ）

③I looked at but could see nothing. （去掉at）

④join in the army（去掉in ）

状语从句和主句间多一并列连词：

如：①Although he is very busy, but he often helps us with housework. （去掉but ）

②As the weather was good, so I decided to go there yesterday.（去掉so）

充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词：

如：①Her husband died, and leaving her three children. （去掉and ）

②He sat under the tree and reading a magazine. （去掉and ）

作定语的分词前多一代词：

如：①The child who reading a book is her brother.（去掉who）

②How I regretted the hours which wasted in the woods. （去掉which ）

定语从句中多一代词：

如：

①The film that I saw it yesterday is good. （去掉it ）

②This is the very book that I am looking for it. （去掉it ）

③He is the man we talked about him. （去掉him ）

在“连词+ 分词”结构中多一代词：

如：①While I waiting for a bus, I found a wallet lying on the ground.（去掉waiting前的I ）

②If it heated, ice turns to water. （去掉it）

在某些固定结构中多了“to”，

如：①I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema with you.（去掉第一个to）

②Why not to take a holiday for a good rest? （去掉to ）

③She said she would rather not to discuss it right now. （去掉to ）

④You had better not to go there. （去掉to ）

⑤I made them to do the cleaning. （去掉to ）

⑥I had him to clean the room. （去掉to ）

⑦We noticed him to walk out of the garden. （去掉to ）

⑧I often hear her to sing the song. （去掉to ）

⒉缺一词：

表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词：

如：A/The ∧horse is a useful animal.

单数可数名词前缺少表示“一”的不定冠词，

如：

①There is a∧library in every town in Britain.

②Good health is a∧person’s most valuable possession.

特指名词前缺定冠词the ,

如：

①Have you read the∧books by Mark Twain?

②The book on the∧desk is mine.

作状语的动词不定式缺“to”，

如：

①David and I want to go off to∧find help…

②…and other organizations are working to∧improve health all over the world.

形容词最高级前缺定冠词the ,

如：one of the∧earliest kinds of money

such或so与单数名词连用时不可缺少冠词，

如：

①This is such a∧good book that I like it.

②He is so good a∧student that all the teachers like him.

姓氏复数形式（表示一家人或夫妇二人）前面缺一冠词，

如：The∧Turners are watching TV.

表示世纪的某个年代前面缺一冠词，

如：In the∧ 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia.

表示“一个名叫…的人”前缺一冠词，

如：A∧Miss Lee is waiting for you outside.

“形容词比较级+ of the two”前缺一冠词，

如：He is the∧taller of the two.

某些固定短语中缺一冠词，

如：in the∧end, go to the∧cinema, in the∧daytime, on the∧right

抽象名词具体化时前面缺一冠词，

如：

①The meeting held yesterday was a∧success.

②It is a∧famous Chinese tea.

③The experiment turned out to be a∧failure.

作定语的不定式后缺少必要的介词，

如：

①He is looking for a room to live in∧.

②There is nothing to worry about∧.

③I need a pen to write with∧.

一些固定短语或习惯搭配中缺介词，

如：

①He didn’t reply to∧my letter.

②Are you sure about∧it?

③Thousands and thousands of∧people like watching TV.

④Dr Wang started to operate on∧them at once.

⑤He grasped my hands and asked for∧my name and address.

⑥Just then a man came to me and asked what I was looking for∧.

并列句缺并列连词，

如：

①He was tired and∧it was getting dark.

②He asked me to go, so∧I went.

③He is old, but∧he is still strong.

名词性从句中缺少必要的连接词，

如：

①That∧he will come is certain.

②It is uncertain whether∧he can come or not.

③We all know the truth that∧the earth goes round the sun.

④They expressed the hope that∧they would come over to visit China again.

定语从句中缺少必要的关系代词，

如：①The police have found the knife with which∧the man killed his wife.

②The changes that/ which∧have taken place are great.

③Is this the boy who∧did the good deed?

缺少为避免重复而使用的替代词“that或those”，

如：

①The population is much larger than that∧of Canada.

②The weather of Beijing is as good as that∧of Shijiazhuang.

③The bikes made in Shanghai are better than those∧made in Beijing.

“make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch”等动词变成被动语态时缺少“to”，

如：

①They were made to∧work fourteen hours a day by the landlord.

②He was noticed to∧cross the street.

为避免重复而使用的不定式省略形式缺少了to,

如：

①If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to∧.

②I wanted to go out, but my mother told me not to∧.

③Don’t leave the room unless I tell you to∧.

⒊错一词：

名词的单复数错误，

如：

①Different people speak different language.(language →languages)

②We have been to Europe many time.( time→times)

③His word were a great encouragement to me. (word→words)

④There are branch library in many villages. (library→libraries)

动词时态、语态的错误，

如：

①Last Saturday police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.( hurry →hurried)

②Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.( is →was)

③Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (cost→costs)

形容词、副词混用错误（修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词、整个句子应用副词，修饰系动词、名词应用形容词）及其他词性错误，

如：

①I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully →wonderful)

② A player’s native language is not importance. (importance→important)

③Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. ( important→importan ce)

④Unfortunate, there are too many people…(Unfortunate→Unfortunately)

人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的错误，

如：

①The game speaks for themselves. ( themselves →itself)

②The Blacks did his best to make me feel at home. ( his→their)

非谓语动词使用错误，

如：

①I was oft en a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort. ( watch →watching 动名词短语作主语)

②I am looking forward to seeing you and enjoy the talk.

(enjoy→enjoying, 与seeing 是平行结构)

③He always went there to have his hair cut and wash.

(wash→washed,与cut是平行结构，采用的是have sth done结构)

同义词、近义词、形似词错误，

如：across与through, among 与between, except与besides, like与as, ago 与before, accept 与receive, living 与alive, let与 allow, lonely与 alone, too 与either, cost 、spend 、pay与 take, hard与hardly, worth与 worthy, raise与 rise, likely与 possible, near 与nearly, lend 与borrow, job 与work, deep 与deeply, answer 与reply, high与 highly, sit 与seat, wide 与widely, try与 manage, neither 与

either, so 与such, every day 与everyday, all与both, every 与each, find 与found（建立）, lie （躺）、lie（撒谎）与lay（放置、生产）, hang（挂）与hang（绞死）sound与voice, place与room, forget与leave, hope 与wish, call on与call at

如：

①I raised my sound so that I could be heard.

(sound→voice, voice表示人的嗓音)

②There isn’t any place for me in the bus.

(place→room, room为不可数名词表示“空间”)

③I forgot my umbrella in the classroom.

(forgot→left, leave表示“剩留，把某物忘在某地”)

④I hope you to come earlier next time.

(hope→wish, hope后面不能跟“宾语+动词不定式”的复合结构)

⑤He made such much progress that he was praised by the teacher.

(such→so, 当many/ much/few/little 表示“多或少”的含义时，前面常用so)

⑥I received an invitation but I didn’t receive it.

(receive→accept, accept 表示“主观接受”)

⑦You should rise your hand before asking the question.

(rise→raise, rise是不及物动词，raise是及物动词)

关系词用错，

如：

①I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.

(when→that,先行词在定语从句中作宾语)

②I’ll never forget the day that I went abroad myself.

(that→when, 先行词在定语从句中作时间状语)

③The tool with that he is working is called a saw.

(that→which, 介词后面的关系代词不能用that )

④If he will come to the ball has nothing to do with me.

(If→Whether, if 不能引导主语从句)

⑤The fact which water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen is undeniable.

(which→that, that 引导同位语从句只起连接作用，不做句子成分)

连词使用错误，

如：if与unless, because与for, when与while

①We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.

( and→but)

②If packages of food could be dropped from planes, the people might get hungry.

(If→Unless)

③He was walking by the sea while he heard a voice for help.

(while→when, 此时，when不译作“当…的时候”，而表示“正在…时，这时另一件事发生了”。)

感叹词用错：what和how

其他情况：介词使用错误，情态动词使用错误，冠词使用错误等。

㈣短文改错典型习题：

ⅠThis is a extraordinary animal in every way. He is not 1._________

a fish, as people might think, but a mammal. 2._________

Off all the animals this brain comes closest to the 3._________ human brain in all shape and size. He is able to 4._________ send out and imitate(模仿)sounds, so some scientist 5._________ declare that they can actually teach them to speak. The 6._________ dolphin(海豚)is the only animal which is fond of man’s7._________ company. There are a great deal old stories of a dolphin8._________ saving human beings or guide ships away from dangerous9._________ sand banks. He is a creature at many gifts. He also gives10.________ pleasure to seamen during their off-duty hours by jumping and racing about in the water.

答案与详解：

1. a→an

在以元音开头的单词前应用不定冠词an。

2.正确。

3. off→of

由…comes closest…可知这里副词close的最高级。短语of all…常用在最高级中表示范围。句中意为“在所有的动物中…与…最接近”。副词off不能表达此意。

4. all→both

连词词组both…and…用于连接两个对等的成分，即shape和size. “in both shape and size”意

为：在形状与大小两个方面，故all应改为both。

5.scientist→scientists

some后面的可数名词应加s构成复数形式。

6.them→him

由文中He is …和The dolphin is…可判断，此处用第三人称单数的宾格形式，即him。

7.which→that

注意animal前的修饰词only. 定语从句中，如先行词前有only修饰，其关系代词用that。

8.deal→many

句中stories为一可数名词，应由a great many来修饰。短语a great deal of通常用来修饰不可数名词。

9.guide→guiding

连词or常用来连接两个相等的成分，前者是saving，因此guide须改成guiding。or常译作“或者”、“还是”。

10. at→of

根据句意，应改at为of。of many gifts在句中作定语，修饰a creature, 意为“具有天赋的动物”。介词at不能表达此意。

ⅡWhat did we use to do after there was television?

1.________

We used to have hobbies, and going outside for our 2.________

amusements. We even used to read book and listen to 3._______

music and broadcast talks occasionally. All which 4._______ belongs to the past. Now all our free time are controlled 5._______ by the “box”. We rush home or gulp(吞)down 6._______

our meals to be in time for this and that programme.7._______ We have even given up sit at table and having a leisurely(从容地)8._______ evening meal, exchanging a news of the day.

9._______

If any member of the family dare to open 10._______

his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.

答案与详解：

1.after→before

根据上下文可判断，此句的意思为：在没有电视之前我们干些什么呢？

2.going→go

and 连结语法作用相同的单词、短语或句子，前面have是动词原形，后面go也要用动词原形。

3.book→books

book是可数名词，此处泛指我们过去有时也读书。应用作复数形式。

4.which→that

that是指示代词，它一般用在all, the only, the same, no或形容词的最高级后面。

5.are→is

time作“时间”讲时是一个不可数名词。

6.正确。

7.and→or

or此句意为“我们囫囵吞下我们的饭，为的是及时去观看这个或那个节目”。此处为选择的意思，不是并列关系。

8.sit→sitting

动词短语give up 后应跟名词或名词性的短语，故应用sit的动名词形式。

9.a→the

news是一个不可数名词，故不可用a修饰。此处指互相交换当天的情况，所以用定冠词。

10.dare→dares

此处dare实意动词，它的主语为单数。

ⅢBy midday the sun was such strong that Jim could 1._________

not go any further. There were no tree near the path, 2._________ so he took a shelter under a big rock. After drink 3._________ the rest of his water, he took off his shirt and rolled them 4._________ into a pillow. Then he lied down and went to sleep.

5._________

It was late in the afternoon when he awoke. He was 6._________

about to sit up when he felt something move near his feet.7.________ He looked up. A long snake was about to crawl across his8.________ legs. Jim watched, too terrified not to do anything. The9.________ snake moved across his legs, then crawled and disappear under the rock.10._______

答案与详解：

1.such→so

so + 形容词/副词+ that-clause, such + a(an) + 名词+that-clause

2.tree→trees

主语谓语在数上应一致。no trees相当于not any trees。

3.d rink→drinking

drinking 为动名词，其后的the rest of his water为drink的宾语。

4.them→it

此处应用代词it 代替his shirt。

5.lied→lay

此处为动词形式误用，应特别注意形近词。如：lie(躺)-lay-lain, lying; lay(放、产卵) –laid- laid -laying; lie(撒谎) -lied –lied- lying。

6.正确。

7.move→moving

moving为现在分词做宾补，强调“感觉到有什么东西正在动”。

8.up→down

此处为逻辑错误，句意为：低头看脚下之物。

9.去掉not

too…to…意为：太…而不能…。注意英语惯用法不可受汉语影响。

10.disappear→disappeared

此句中moved, crawled和disappeared为三个并列谓语，故用过去式。

ⅣJohn jumped into the river to save a drowning man with no thought for his own safety.

When I reached them, John was very tired. He 1.________

was so tired that all of them might have 2._______

drowned if I didn’t come with the boat.

3._______

Together, we got the man to shore, holding on to the boat with one hand and swam with 4.________

another. The man looked dead, but his heart 5.________

was beating. John did all what he could 6.________

save the man while I ran to the nearest house 7.________

to call a doctor. At the time the doctor came, 8.________

the man was able to sit up, as he looked very 9._______

sick. The doctor brought him to the hospital, and 10.______

when we called up last night to ask about him, they told us he would be well in a day or two.

答案与详解：

1.正确。

2.all→both

them包括John和溺水的人两名。由于both用于两人和物，而all用于三者以上的人或物。

3.didn’t→hadn’t

由于是与过去事实相反虚拟语气，因此变didn’t 为hadn’t。

4.swam→swimming

and连接的应是同等成分。由于and前是分词短语，后swam变为swimming。

5.another→the other

因为前面是one hand,因此“另一只手”应用the other. one…the other用于范围为二者时，one…another用于范围为三者以上。

6.去掉all或去掉what

what= all that

7.在save前加to

动词不定式做目的状语。

8.At→By

By the time“到…的时候”。At the time of “在…的时候”。

9.as→but

前后句子为转折关系。

10.brought→took

bring意为“带来”，take意为“带去”。

ⅤIf you take care notice in some places, you will 1.________ see the fact most smokers are young people and even 2._________ some are middle school students. It is said that 3._________ in China the number of the people smoked is about 4._________

45 percent. Why is so many people smoke? Some 5._________

think that smoking is pleasure, some believe that 6.________ they can refresh himself by smoking. In fact,7._________ smoking is a bad habit, that does great harm to8._________ people’s healthy. The study of smoking suggests that9.________ many kinds of diseases have nothing to do with smoking.10._______

答案与详解：

1.去掉care

take notice“注意、留神”，相当于pay attention;而take care of “留心、照料”,相当于look after。

2.在fact后加that

that 在这里引导一同位语从句，作the fact的同位语。

3.正确

4.smoked→smoking

the people是smoke动作的执行者，故应用现在分词做定语。

5.is→do

6.在is后加a

pleasure作“愉快、快乐、享受、乐意”讲时是不可数名词，作“使人愉快的事情、乐趣”讲时是可数名词，这里指：有些人认为吸烟是人生之一大乐趣。

7.himself→themselves

此句的主语是they。

8.that→which

which在此引导非限制性定语从句。

9.healthy→health

do harm to one’s health“对某人的健康有害”，health为名词，heathy为形容词。

10.nothing→something

have nothing to do with“与…无关”，have something to do with“与…有关”，根据语境此处应表示“与…有关”。