以读促写 改善高三学生英语写作效果
以读促写，改善高三学生英语写作效果
南海实验高中王珏
一、引言
高中阶段，英语写作能力是学生运用英语语言的综合能力体现，包括了驾驭词汇及短语的能力、灵活运用丰富句式的能力及合理安排语篇结构的能力。《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》（教育部，2003）指出，高中阶段应“特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。”但经过笔者多年的教学实践所见，写作是学生在英语听、说、读、写这四项技能中较为薄弱的一项。薄弱不仅体现在学生写作水平的薄弱，也表现在教师写作教学这一环节的薄弱。具体表现如下：
1. 学生写作现状
首先，高三学生中有相当一部分同学认为自己的写作能力从高一到高三没有取得明显的进步。很多学生感到词汇缺乏，即便有词作文中也用不上去，搭配不当，句型乱用，审题不清，表达不得体，结构不合理等问题。其次，中英文语言及思维的差异造成了学生写作过程中语言转换有障碍。
2. 高三写作教学现状
很多教师认为高三一轮、二轮的复习，时间紧迫；再者，也有不少教师认为经过高三复习之后，学生总体掌握了一定的词汇、语法及句式之后，写作水到渠成。因此，在写作教学上往往走“布置书面表达作业——学生课后写作——教师批改——发范文欣赏”的模式。殊不知，这种写作教学模式重结果却轻过程。
二、“以读促写”在高三英语写作教学中的应用
1.“以读促写”的定义
Hirvela在其论述读写结合的专著中写到：先从阅读中获取信息（Knowledge Getting），再转述阅读中获得的信息（Knowledge Telling）的方法（曹敏，2011）。读与写的紧密关系由此可见。近年来，“以读促写”的教育理念得到了教育界的肯定。很多的教育实践者都在一定程度上积极地倡导这个理念。阅读是写作的前提，“阅读时学生学习英语的重要输入途径之一，而写作则是语言输出的关键途径之一”（戴建敏，2008）。
就高三教学特点而言，一方面有选修7、8新课阅读内容，另一方面又有以课本为基础的知识点复习。除此之外，高三的阅读量增大，阅读题材呈多样化。这些特点为“以读促写”教学的实施奠定了一定的基础。教师可以充分利用这些阅读素材，选取具有代表性的篇章，挖掘其中的知识点，从词汇、句式、连接词到篇章结构，设计相应的读写结合的课堂教学活动，使学生把阅读中学习到的知识运用到具体写作中去。
2. “以读促写”在高三写作教学中的应用
2.1 策略一：阅读课文，加强词汇的运用能力
词汇是写作的基础。学生掌握词汇的量及驾驭词汇的能力直接影响到写作能否顺利地进行。因此，教师不仅要着眼于学生词汇量的积累，更应培养学生词汇的运用能力，为写作打下坚实的基础。
2.1.1 着眼于学生词汇量的积累
例如，在复习选修6 unit 3 A Healthy Life时，笔者将词汇归纳如下：be due to, be addicted to sth, be accustomed to sth, do damage to sth, feel bad-tempered, be mentally addicted, be difficult to quit sth/doing, live long and healthy a life as I have, feel like doing 等。由于是复习，笔者还要求学生在这些词汇的基础上归纳与健康相关的词汇短语及名言警句。笔者在课堂上要求学生四人为一小组尽量运用这些词汇，就中学生沉溺于网络现象及危害写一段80字左右的即兴短文。有一组学生写道：
Nowadays, a number of students are crazy about the Internet. Due to the attractive internet world, they are so addicted to surfing online that they find it difficult to quit the bad habit. At the same time, they spend most of their time, including class time, on the internet. The addiction to the internet, of course, not only does damage to their health, but also to their studies. As a result, those students should try their best to break away from the bad habit and live as healthy a life as other students have.
这篇文章学生较多了运用了本单元所复习的词汇，运用也相当到位合理。课堂上采用以小组为单位的即兴作文方式，教师适时点拨，写作效果自然较好。
2.1.2 着眼于学生词汇的灵活运用
例如，人教版必修5 First Aid中有一句话，―The skin is an essential part of your body‖。笔者除了复习essential的意思及用法be essential to/for something之外，更引导学生复习已学过的关于“重要”意思的词。笔者要求学生完成以下填空练习。当然，练习过程中，笔者给予学生适当的提示。
Making friends far and wide is essential to student’s daily life。
Making friends far and wide plays an important role in student’s daily life.
Most of the students think it of great importance to make friends far and wide.
Most of the students think it of great significance to make friends far and wide.
Most of the students attach great importance to making friends far and wide.
It is making friends far and wide that counts in student’s daily life.
这项练习的目的就是让学生在掌握“重要”的相关高级词汇。同时，让其在具体语境中了解用法并提醒学生在以后的写作中恰当地运用这些词汇。
2.2 策略二：阅读课文，内化丰富的句式结构
词汇作用的最大化是在准确丰富的句式结构中得以体现的。因此，丰富的句式就像人身体的血液贯穿着整篇文章。一篇全由简单句或同一句型结构构成的文章读起来必定索然
无味。提升句型，美化句子，这就要求教师引导学生善于发现课文中的好词好句并进行仿写。
例如，选修6 unit5阅读文章An Exciting Job 第三段分别运用了be doing...when..., be about to do...when...,及doing分词作状语描写地震发生时的情况。笔者首先让学生分析句子的语法结构，复习了when解释为―突然‖时的三个句型，以及doing作状语的非谓语形式；然后指导学生利用这两个句型进行写作练习。写作要求：上星期五晚上，你的邻居李娜在救人时被汽车撞到，导致右腿骨折，但事后她并不后悔；就李娜的事迹及你对见义勇为的看法写一篇文章。此文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。笔者认为在叙述李娜事迹部分可以有针对性地运用到上述的句型及语法。要求学生在课堂上完成叙事部分的描写。学生课堂习作如下：Driving home last Friday evening, my neighbor Li Na saw a young woman lying in the middle of the road with her head and body full of blood, obviously knocked down by a passing car. Worried about the woman’s safety, she decided to keep the woman company. The spot where the accident happened was very busy and quite dark. Li Na was busy helping the woman when suddenly a car driver was so careless that his car knocked her down, causing her right leg fracture.
除了课文上阅读材料以外，笔者这里也要强调一点，就是，在教师平时所发给学生的作文范文当中，有相当一部分是优秀的范文。它们表达清楚，言简意赅，句式丰富，是学生学习模仿的好材料。因此，若教师并不是单纯让学生去看范文或背范文，而是指导学生去赏析这些范文，读懂其中的优秀句子，并去模仿，也是“以读促写”理念的体现。
2.3 策略三：阅读课文，学习宏观把握篇章结构
2.3.1. 段落的逻辑结构
段落的逻辑结构使行文更有层次感。段落要流畅、一气呵成，起着“起、承、转、合”的连接词必不可少。课文中有很多这样的精彩段落及连接词为学生的学习提供了很好的素材。教师就要指导学生将这些连接词在自己的作文中灵活地加以运用。例如：选修6 unit4 The Earth is Becoming Warmer and Warmer-But Does It Matter? 第六段描写科学家们对于空气中二氧化碳含量增加的态度时，首先，段落的结构清晰，采用总—分的方式；其次，在分述当中，运用了一对对称顺序的连接词，“on one hand, …; on the other hand, …‖使段落结构逻辑性强且相当严谨；再者，由于这对连接词表示的是事物的两个方面，学生在使用时尤为容易出错，此段落提供给学生好的范例。一位学生就是较好地模仿了上述课文第六段的结构及连接词。该学生作文其中一段写道：
I believe that the majority subscribe to the view that it is not efficient to study in such a short time. O n one hand, we have just finish the class and we must prepare for the next one. O n the other hand, noise in the ten-minute break is more likely to be full of the classroom, which will bother us a lot.
在此基础上，笔者又引导学生复习归纳了其他较为常见的连接词，如表示递进、让步、因果、时间、条件、总结等。这样让学生牢牢意识到连接词在段落中所起的重要作用，尽量灵活运用连接词，避免行文生硬。
2.3.2 文章的逻辑结构
宏观把握篇章的结构，除了要把握段落结构外，整篇文章的逻辑结构，像人体的骨架一样，是撑起整篇文章的框架。而很多学生缺乏的就是对整篇文章整体把握能力。因此，教师就要根据不同体裁的文章结构特点，来教会学生处理所写作文的文章结构。
仍以选修6 unit 4 The Earth is Becoming Warmer and Warmer-But Does It Matter?为例。这篇文章提供给学生们很好的议论文体裁作文的框架。该文章的结构提纲如下：Topic：Global Warming
Part 1 (para 1) Introduction of global warming→human activity caused global warning Part 2 (para 2-5)How global warming comes about?
a. the reason→over burning of fossil fuel
b. the data / the evidence –the levels of carbon dioxide increased during last 50years.
Part 3 (para 6-7) Two different attitudes towards global warming
Dr Foster—the trend would be a catastrophe
George Hembley—we not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide
列出提纲后，文章结构清晰。全文围绕“Global Warming”展开，第二部分为中心内容，分析其产生的原因并用相关的数据作为论据,然后以不同科学家对全球气温变暖的不同态度再展开议论。学生在老师指导下学会了在动笔前罗列提纲及要点，一方面文章逻辑性加强，另一方面，在提纲框架的基础上，学生不断添加笔者前文所提到的词汇、句型、段落，使文章有血有肉，且中心明确。
2.4 策略四：以读促“改”，全面提高学生写作能力
人们写文章大都要经历列提纲——拟草稿——修改这样的过程。前面的描述中，笔者已写清楚了写文章所需的词汇、句型、篇章结构等三大要素。但要全面提高学生的写作能力，修改也是必不可少的要素。
第一步，笔者通过提供学生作文中的优秀习作让学生相互欣赏，在读的过程中汲取优秀的词、句等；第二步，在读的基础上，笔者安排以四人为一小组对一篇较差的作文进行讨论修改；第三步，笔者把修改后的作文收集，然后全班一起欣赏借鉴。以2009年高考作文五一节去敬老院帮助老人为例，在欣赏完同学优秀习作之后，笔者提供如下文章：
Li Yue and Zhang Hua are our school’s volunteers. On May 1, they went to the Sunshine Nursing Home. They cleaned the house. They played the games with the old me. Then, they sent some apples to the old people. They are very friendly, and they got well with each other. The old
people are very happy. Li Yue and Zhang Hua communicated the things of school with the old people. The old people hoped them work hard. At last, they said goodbye to the old people.
Li Yue and Zhang Hua are both good students in our school. We should remember them. We should take good care of the old people in our family.
此篇习作句型单一，词汇简单，语法错误较多，按高考要求评分，分数较低。笔者要求学生在这篇文章的基础上对其进行修改。在收集上学生的修改稿之后，笔者得到修改后习作如下：
Li Yue and Zhang Hua are our school’s volunteers. On May 1, they went to the Sunshine Nursing Home to do volunteer work. T hey sent some apples to the old people and helped them clean the house. B esides, t hey played the games with the elderly in order to ease their loneliness.
T hey got on well with the elderly.I t is their kindness that made the old people very happy. All the elderly found that it was encouraging to see the young lives, who made them feel more energetic. W hen Li Yue and Zhang Hua said goodbye to the old people,they gave them their best wishes.
Li Yue and Zhang Hua are both good students in our school. T heir behavior shows us that it is our youngsters’ duty to care for the elderly. We should learn from them.
明显，修改后的习作比原先的习作在词汇、句式及结构方面有了很大程度的提高。笔者这样做的目的就是让学生学会写文章的同时，学着修改自己的文章。
三、结束语
通过“读”这个重要环节，结合课文及课外的阅读材料，以篇章结构为框架，词汇、句式为补充，这种“以读促写”的写作教学模式有针对性地对高三学生的英语写作进行指导。同时，最后一步“以读促改”也能切实提高了学生修改作文的能力。经过平时这样的写作技巧的渗透，必能提高高三学生的写作效果。
（责编：陈力）参考文献：
罗惠英.2011.关注学生提高高中英语写作教学的实效性[J].中小学外语教学(中学篇),(7): 1-6. 杨华堂.2009.英语教学中同伴修改作文的实验研究[J].中小学外语教学(中学篇),(5): 22-26.
曹敏.2011.以读促写循序渐进[J].中小学外语教学(中学篇),(2): 34-38.
教育部.2003.普通高中英语课程标准（实验）[M].北京:人民教育出版社.
杨谢友.2010.依托课文阅读素材，提高学生写作呢里[J].中小学外语教学(中学篇),(10): 33-37. 戴建敏.2008.借鉴阅读材料培养学生的写作能力[J].中小学外语教学(中学篇),(10): 18-21. （本文荣获2012年舟山市高中英语学科教学论文评比一等奖）
英语作文关于读书的好处
In this modern materialistic world, the majority of people are in hot pursuit of material gains, and money is considered the most valuable thing of all, which, personally speaking, is quite superficial. As far as I am concerned, reading is much more valuable than anything else, for it can benefit us in many ways. The old saying, “to open a book is always beneficial” vividly shows how valuable reading is. Firstly, it goes beyond doubt that reading is a very important way to gain knowledge. Reading is like travelling, the process of which enables you to experience the colorful world and enlarge your eyes scope. By reading history books, you can understand how a regime prospers or collapses, helping you draw useful lessons and develop more wisdom. By reading books of science, you can keep yourself informed in the field of scientific endeavors, thus appreciating how science creates wonders. In a word, reading can enrich your knowledge and get whatever information you need. In addition, you can get mental encouragement from reading and improve yourself in all aspects. For instance, the stories of well-known people in books help turn an aimless person into an ambitious one, setting up a short or long-term goal for himself. If the daily troubles make you feel desperate, then you will be mentally stroked and encouraged by reading how famous people such as Beethoven made miracles in the face of insurmountable difficulties. Books are a great source of mental encouragement, giving you motives to move forward. Finally, reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our joy when we are in high spirits, and lessens our sorrow when we are discouraged. Reading will always bring us enjoyment and satisfaction. Good books also serve as gentle companions or faithful friends that will never betray us. While reading, we don’t feel lonely. Books are ready to give us whatever we need such as knowledge, friendship and encouragement. To sum up, reading is undoubtedly beneficial to you. To open a book is like opening a door, through which you will enter a museum, where all man-made wonders and unique wisdoms are available for you to appreciate; to open a book is like opening a window, through which you can enjoy fresh air、blue sky and wonderful natural landscapes , making you feel refreshed
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教学可以根据职场写作的要求进行适当调整和补充的话，那么作为高职院校的学生将直接受益，可以更快地适应从学生到职场人的角色转变。 二、课堂写作与职场写作差异比较 (一)两者的受众不同，带来表达方式的差异。职场写作的概念比较宽泛。在日常生活中，写汇报、请示、邮件、通知、签呈、留言，甚至小组汇报的工作PPT都是需要写作完成的。职场写作的受众是特定的人群，比如上司、老板、同事和客户等。而课堂写作一般是为了完成教学任务，由教师布置的命题作文，因而受众往往就是命题人———老师或者是同样需要完成任务的同学。在职场写作中，需要考虑受众的逻辑思维，是否可以接收到有效信息，而课堂写作一般会忽略考虑这一点，因为受众非常清楚此命题作文的目的和训练重点。职场写作要考虑选择最适合的表达方式，让受众可以有效地获取信息。想要上司和同事或者客户在最短时间内获取有效信息，选择有效的表达方式。课堂写作已经习惯于文稿，但是职场写作时，可以综合使用微信、留言、电子邮件、PPT、文本等等多种表达方式。 (二)两者的目的不同，带来表达重点的差异。课堂写作的每次练习都是老师为了检查学生是否掌握所学的要点和概念而布置的，针对重难点，老师设计好命题，学生只需要按照命题的要求，完成命题作文就行。而职场写作，每一次的目的都不相同。以汇报工作为例。当制定工作计划后，为了让上司和老板了解你
大学生谈恋爱的利与弊The Advantages and Disadvantages of College Students Fall in Love(大学英语作文)
大学生谈恋爱的利与弊The Advantages and Disadvantages of College Students Fall in Love 大学英语作文 Positive and Negative Aspects about College Student's Amativeness Falling in love with in college 大学校园盛行的一句话是：大学不谈恋爱就白读了四年大学。如何看待大学生谈恋爱？大学生谈恋爱是利大于弊还是弊大于利呢？写一篇英语作文谈谈恋爱对大学生的影响。 As it is known, when we are in high school, we all have a constant goal that is to get the entrance to college, and hard work is out of question for the following. So we gain the notice to college finally which we often dream of in the nights, which proves a proverb that the god doesn’t live up to someone who spends time and efforts, please memorize the sentence for good. 总所周知，我们在高中时都有一个不变定的目标，那就是读大学以及为了未来努力工作是毫无疑问的。所以我们最后得到了我们经常
在网上做梦都会梦到的大学录取通知书，这证明了一句谚语：皇天不负有心人，请记住，这是好句子。 Of course one day we went to college in August or September happily and proudly, but at the same time something happened that it made your heart pounding fiercely, by the way, that is love for many college students. And then they miss the directions and themselves as well for their lives. Next I am to express isthat I am neutral for falling in love in college, however I have some ideas to illustratemy own. 当然有一天，我们在八月或九月幸福、自豪的去上大学，但在同时发生了一些事情，让你的心受到猛烈的冲击，顺便说一下，这是很多大学生们的爱。然后他们失去了方向，迷失了自我，迷失了生命。下一个我要表达的观点是对于在大学恋爱我是持中立的态度，但是我有一些例子来说明我自己的想法。 Firstly, if you are passers-by, I think we will find a lot about several couples of boyfriends and girlfriends under the dorms or dim corners or in the classes without anybody for close postures, as youngsters, it is normal without asking cause about that. 首先，如果你是路人，我想我们会发现很多对男女朋友在班宿舍或昏暗的角落或在没有人的教室里做一些亲密的行为。对于年轻人，不用问原因，这是正常的。
阅读的好处英语作文
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浅谈师范院校的英语写作教学改革
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上大学的好处英语作文
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读书的好处英语作文3篇
《读书的好处英语作文》 读书的好处英语作文（一）： Speaking of reading， many people are excited because reading brings them both knowledge and entertainment。 By reading， we can learn lots of information and know our history。 But for some people，reading is not their priority。 They will choose to watch movies to have fun。 However， I think people can benefit a lot by reading。 说起读书，很多人都很兴奋，读书不仅仅能带给他们知识，而且也能带给他们娱乐。透过读书，我们能得到很多信息，了解我们的历史。但是对于一部分人来说，阅读并不是他们的首选。他们会选取看电影来找乐子。但是，我认为，读书能让我们获益。 First of all， reading can let us know what have happened in history。 Since history is recorded in books， if we read books， then we can not only what have happened in history but also we can better understand the great figures of the age。 第一，读书能让我们明白历史。历史都被记录在数中，如果我们读书的话，我们不仅仅能了解历史，而且我们也能更加了解时代伟人。 Secondly， reading can enrich our knowledge。 By reading， we can know different kinds of things， how things happen and how to avoid bad things from happening。 Books record a wide range of things about life。 Through reading， we can know various aspects of life。 第二，读书能让我们丰富我们的知识。透过读书，我们能了解很多事物，了解到事件是怎样发生的，怎样避免不利事件的发生。书本记录着社会的方方面面。透过读书，我们能了解生活的方方面面的知识。 Thirdly， reading teaches us skills。 There are so many books about how to learn a certain language， how to get a good job， how to bee popular in your circle， how to cook and so on。 Thus， these kinds of books can make us more skillful if we do a certain thing。 第三，我们能透过读书来学习一些技能。很多书都是写关于怎样学会一门语言，怎样找到一份好工作，怎样让自我在圈子中更受欢迎以及怎样烹饪等之类的东西。透过这些书，我们能在做事的时候更加熟练。 All in all， we can find lots of benefits through reading。 总之，我们能够透过读书收获很多。 读书的好处英语作文（二）： if we have a book ，we will not be felling of being longly
经典英语作文开头结尾集锦
经典英语作文开头结尾集锦 1. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……Personally, I believe that_____Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______ 2. 随着社会的发展，……因此，迫切需要……如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一 份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。With the development of society, ______So it“s urgent and necessary to ____If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better 3. 至于我对我来说，就我而言，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……For my part, I think it reasonable to_____Only in this way can you _____ 4. 对我来说，我认为有必要……原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同 样重要的是……In my opinion, I think it necessary to____The reasons are as followsFirst _____Second ______Last but not least,______ 5. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______However, from a personal point of view find______ 6. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……From what has bee n discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____ 1. As far as I am concerned that solve these problems are very necessary就我而言，解决这些问题非常必要。。。Only in this way can we solve this problem It is well-known to us that……我们都知道……==As far as my knowledge is concerned, … 就我所知… 2. Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……最近……问题引起了关注 3. Nowadaysoverpopulationhas become a problem we have to face.现今，人口过 剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要 的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题 4. With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……
阅读作文之阅读经典著作的重要性英语作文
阅读作文之阅读经典著作的重要性英语作文
阅读经典著作的重要性英语作文 【篇一：英语作文(读名著的重要性)】 for this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. you should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. the importance of reading literature the drawing portrays a classroom scene in which a teacher is telling a student to read a piece of literary works. undoubtedly, the picture aims at highlighting the magnitude of reading classics for young students, which is worth discussing among general public for the time being. as we all know, the classical literature is the representation of the outstanding art of our nation. some familiar characters such as monkey king express the good wishes of our common people. there is no doubt that young people will benefit a lot from reading classics. for one thing, classics will help broaden their horizons from them. while observing characters in classic novels going through ups and downs in their life, youngsters also can definitely learn essential life ethics. for another, with condensed beauty of arts, they will enhance readers aesthetic taste.therefore, we should start reading the treasuries our ancestors left and absorbing the essence of them. we should also advocate to the public the importance so that more general people can enjoy the pleasure of reading 【篇二：阅读的重要性the importance of reading】
新整理读书的好处英语作文(12篇)
读书的好处英语作文(12篇) 读书的好处英语作文第1篇： if we have a book ，we will not be felling of being longly When I’m free or in trouble，I always take out a book and read quietly。In no time，I’ve put my heart into it so that I’ll forget all the troubles。It’s in this way that I’ve formed the habit of reading in any time。 Little boys as I was，I was interest in picture books and storybooks。I was struck by them。No sooner had I entered the middle school than I began to read novel，plays，essays and so on。 I found I could get much from them。Little by little I took great interest in literature and last term I won the first prize in the position contest among middle-school students in Zhe Jiang。 Reading The Emperor’s New Clothes，I had to let out a burst of laughter over his fool。The Little Match Girl couldn’t keep me from crying for her misery。Robinson Crusoe took me into a strange world full of danger。And I was also deeply impressed by Helen Keller’s patience and perseverance Besides these，books also tell me other thing -how to be a man and how to tell the difference between right and wrong。In a word，good books can make me know what I didn’t before。So I think of a good book as my best friend。
英语作文万能开头结尾
英语作文万能开头结尾 SANY GROUP system office room 【SANYUA16H-SANYHUASANYUA8Q8-
1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 很明显,现在正是时候,我们采取了一些措施来解决这个问题。 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 写作的“七项基本原则” 一、长短句原则 工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！ 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 二、主题句原则 国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ 特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！