外研版高一必修四module-5教案,知识点及练习

MODULE 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges

学考目标导航

重点单词

识记理解:peak n.山顶；山峰plain n.平原plateau n.高原lope n. 斜坡colleague n .同事downstream adv.向下游；随波而下dock n. 码头；vi. 驶入码头raft n. 木筏detour n. 迂路；绕行之路legend n. 传奇；传说故事deck n.甲板cruise n .（乘游轮的）漫游；巡航cabin n. 船舱；机舱lounge n.休息室；休息厅immense adj .极大的fertile adj. 肥沃的pin n.别针torch n.手电筒

掌握运用: cave n. 洞；山洞shore n.（海、湖、河等的）岸valley n. 山谷wood n.（常作复数）树林flat adj .平坦的surround vt.围绕；环绕goods n. 货物trade vi.做生意temple n.寺庙hilly adj .多山的；丘陵起伏的narrow vi.变狭窄distant adj .遥远的exploit vt. 开发forbid vt. 禁止mountainous adj.多山的remote adj .遥远的steep adj .陡峭的；险峻的varied adj .多变化的spot n.地点；场所view n.景色；风景naturally adv.自然地

重点短语

识记理解: rip off敲竹杠；敲诈get a kick out of（俚语）从……得到乐趣be surrounded by被……所包围make a detour绕行

掌握运用:at the edge of在……的边缘at least至少be heavy with有大量的in the distance遥远的take advantage of利用go through经历；经过；通过be against反对only if只要；只有……才……

重点句型

1. He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. (be to do sth.表将来；现在分词短语作伴随状语)

2. The sun was shining brightly as we sailed downstream through a hilly region.（as引导时间状语从句）

3. We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. (“see+宾语+宾补”复合结构)

4. On a distant mountain was a sign in 20-foot characters.（完全倒装句）

5. Nearly 100 million people live here, most of them in the east.（独立主格结构）

6. There are hundreds of little red pins stuck in it.（过去分词短语作后置定语）

7. There‘s a saying in the travel trade that all tourists are ripped off. (同位语从句，)

8. I‘m allowed to stick one in only if I‘ve been in a place for more than 24 hours. (only if引导条件状语从句)

情景交际Talking about obligation, permission and prohibition(表达义务、许可和禁止) 重点语法 1. 复习情态动词

写作指导如何写地点说明文

考题源追踪-：出自本模块的高考试题

1. Parents and children should communicate more to _______ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.(2012 .天津高考)

A. open

B. narrow

C. widen

D. leave

2. The house still needed a lot of work, but _______ the kitchen was finished.（2008 .全国高考）

A. instead

B. altogether

C. at once

D. at least

3.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

—I am afraid you _______ in case he comes late for the meeting.（2011. 福建高考）

A. will

B. must

C. may

D. can

4. —How‘s your new babysitter?

—We _______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.(2011. 浙江高考)

A. should

B. might

C. mustn‘t

D. couldn‘t

5.lf we sit near _______ front of the bus, we‘ll have _______ better view.(2010 .山东高考)

A./;the

B./;a

C. the; a

D. the; the

NEW WORD STUDY

1.at the edge of在……的边缘

The tree is at the edge of the，sea.那棵树在海边。

The police took up their stations at the edge of the road.警方在路边各就各位。

【辨析】at the edge of与on the edge of

at the edge of“在……的边缘”，侧重于在平面终了的地方at the edge of the desert/woods/forest在沙漠／树林／森林边

on the edge of “在……边缘上”，on“在……之上”，可引申为“即将，濒于”Don‘t put the cup on the edge of the table. 不要把杯子放在桌子边上。I was on the edge of a mental breakdown at that time.那时我正处在精神崩溃的边缘。

【典例剖析】

The businessman is _______ the edge of failure.

A. on

B. at

C. to

D. for

2.surround vt .围绕，环绕；包围

搭配：surround sb. /sth. with sb. /sth. 使某人／某物包围某人／某物

be surrounded with/by. .. 被……环绕，周围都是……

Th ey surrounded the house and garden with a fence. 他们用一道篱笆把房子和花园围起来。There are some strange things surrounding her.在她的周围发生了许多怪事。

We are surrounded with/by dangers.我们的处境危机四伏。

The lake is surrounded by trees.湖边树木环绕。

【单词积累】

surrounding adj.周围的，附近的surrounded adj .被环绕的surroundings n . ( pl . )环境They came from the surrounding villages.他们来自周围的村庄。

It is unfortunate for the people in Libya to live in the war surroundings.对利比亚人民来说，生活在战争环境中是不幸的。

【一言辨异】

They lived in a house surrounded by trees, and most of the trees surroundingthe house were pine trees.他们住在一所四周被树林所环绕的房子里，环绕在房子周围的树木大部分是松树。【辨析】surroundings与environment

surrounding专指自然然环境，从周围的事物这一客体着眼We are living in pleasant surroundings.我们生活在舒适的环境中。

environment可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、道德及观念的影响着眼An unhappy home environment can affect a child‘s behaviour.不愉快的家庭环境能影响孩子的行为。

【典例剖析】

1.He appeared, _______ by his delighted students.

A. surrounding

B. surrounded

C. to surround

D. being surrounded

2. The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different _______.

A. surrounding

B. surroundings

C. environments

D. atmosphere

3. trade vt. ，vi. &n.

(1)vt. &vi. 交换，交易

搭配trade sth . with sb.与某人做…交易／买卖trade in sth.做某方面的生意

trade sth.for sth.用某物换某物

Our products are now traded worldwide.我们的产品现在销往世界各地。

The two companies trade wool with each other.这两家公司做羊毛生意。

I traded my watch for a bicycle.我用手表换了一辆自行车。

(2)n. 交易，买卖，贸易

Developing foreign trade is very important for our country. 发展外贸对我国很重要。

【典例剖析】She _______ three apples _______ a bunch of bananas.

A. traded; with

B. traded; for

C. replaced; with

D. replaced; for

4. narrow v.& adj.

(1)p. （使）变窄，使缩小

This is where the river narrows.这条河就是在这儿变窄的。

He narrowed his eyes at her.他向她挤了挤眼睛。

(2) adj .狭窄的，窄小的

There was only a narrow gap between the bed and the wall.

床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。

【单词积累】narrowly adv.勉强地，差一点儿；狭窄地 a narrow escape九死一生

That man narrowly escaped being killed in the war.那个人在战争中死里逃生。

学法点拨：narrow常用作形容词，其动词用法是通过词类转化而来的，常见的可以转化为动词的形容词有：

calm adj.一v. ：calm the children使孩子们安静下来

dry adj. 一v. ：dry your hands擦干你的.手

free adj . 一v. ：free the slaves解放奴隶

slow adj. 一v. ：slow down慢下来

wrong adj.一v. ：wrong sb. 冤枉某人

better adj. —v. ：better working conditions改善工作条件

【典例剖析】

1. （2007. 天津高考）The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only_______ beaten . A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly

2. The river has _______ over the past 20 years.

A. narrowed down

B. narrowed up

C. narrowed in

D. narrowed to

5. at (the)least 至少，起码

It will take you at least 20 minutes to get there. 到那里你至少要花20分钟。

The food wasn‘t good，but at least it was cheap.这种食品不好，但起码便宜。

【链接】

not in the least ( = not at all)-点儿也不

The film is not in the least interesting.这部电影一点意思也没有。

【拓展】at (the)most至多，最多last but not least最后但同样重要的是not in the least ( = not at all/not a bit)一点也不most of all ( = above all)尤其，特别for the most part ( = mostly)大部分，在大多数情况下

He railway will be completed in six months at most.这条铁路最多再过6个月完工。

We mustn‘t relax our study in the least.我们丝毫不能放松学习。

【典例剖析】

—Has every student passed the final exam?

—No. Unfortunately, _______ three from each class have failed.

A. no more than

B. At least

C. Not in the least

D. at most

6. be heavy with 有大量的…

The trees are heavy with fruit.树上果实累累。

【链接】be heavy on大量使用（消耗）heavy rain/snow大雨／大雪

a heavy smoker/drinker大量抽烟／喝酒的人 a heavy cold重感冒heavy traffic交通繁忙heavy losses损失严重 a heavy day繁忙的一天heavy clouds乌云密布

【典例剖析】

I want to sell this car which is heavy _______ oil.

A. with

B. from

C. on D .at

7. distant adj .(1)遥远的，远离的，远隔的be distant from离……遥远

The school is three miles distant from the town.学校离城镇3英里。

(2)不相近的；不密切的She is a distant cousin“mine.她是我的一位远房表妹。

(3)冷淡的，疏远的

Instead of stopping to speak,she passed by with only a distant nod.她没有停下来说话，只是冷淡地点点头便过去了。

【单词积累】distance n. 距离，路程；远处，远方

【拓展】in the distance在远处，在远方at a distance隔开一些，稍远一些keep sb. at a distance对……冷淡；与……保持距离what‘s the distance between….?

【辨析】distant，far与remote

distant指时间、空间上的遥远，也可指亲属关系上的远房亲属he time we spent together is now a distant memory

far指时间或距离上是遥远的，还可表示引申意义的远She seems to come from a far country.她似乎来自一个遥远的国度。

remote指时间或距离上是遥远的，也指在感情、兴趣等方面距离很大，还指关系方面的疏远His idea was remote from reality.他的想法偏离现实。

【典例剖析】

1. She is always very _______ with others.

A. far

B. faraway

C. Distant

D. remote

2. I‘m not familiar wit him. He is only my _______ relative.

A. far away

B. distant

C. remotely

D. faraway

8. forbid vt . (forbade，forbidden)禁止，不许禁止“，含“命令某人不做某事”之意

禁止／允许做某事

forbid/allow sb. to do sth.禁止／允许某人做某事

They forbid walking in the fields.他们禁止在田地里行走。

Our school forbids students to play computer games.我们学校禁止学生玩电脑游戏。

The doctor forbids him to smoke.医生不许他吸烟。

误区警示：①forbid一-般不用于祈使句，要用就改为tell。②forbid一般不接从句，而用复合宾语形式：forbid sb. to do sth.。③forbid后接动词时须用动名词作宾语。

ban “（权威机关）正式禁止”，含“严厉谴责”之意ban sth.; ban sb. from doing sth.

Our government has banned u-sing plastic bags.我们的的政府已禁止使用塑料袋。

【典例剖析】

Their parents _______ them to drink.

A. ban

B. forbid

C. prohibit

D. stop

9. spot n. &v.

(1) n. [C]地点，场所；斑点

There are a lot of spots to visit in this old city.这座古城有许多可供参观的名胜。

This is a good spot for a picnic.这是个理想的野餐地点。

She was wearing a black skirt with white spots.她穿着一条黑底白点的裙子。

(2)v. 找出，认出，发现；有污点，有污渍

The floor was spotted with paint. 地板上有油漆污渍。

Dick is very tall, so he is easy to spot in the crowd……所以在人群中很容易被认出来。

My father spotted several spelling mistakes in my composition.我父亲在我作文里发现了好几个拼写错误。

Tom spotted someone coming out of the building.汤姆发现有人正走出大楼。

[拓展]

on the spot /scene当场，立刻；在现场

He answered the question on the spot.他当场就回答了那个问题。

The police were on the spot within a few minutes of my telephone call.我打电话几分钟后警察就赶到了现场。

【典例剖析】

1.When the fighting started, the police and reporters were soon _______.

A. to the spot

B. on the spot

C. In the spot

D. of the spot

2. When he returned home, his boots were spotted _______ mud.

A. on

B. with

C. in

D. to

10. rip off 敲竹杠，敲诈；偷窃

They really ripped us off at that hotel.在那家旅馆他们着实敲诈了我们一笔。

Everybody else is paying less. I think we‘ve been ripped off.人付的钱都比我们少，我想我们被敲竹杠了。

1ad my bike ripped off. 我的自行车被人偷了。

Those teenagers ripped off my wallet.那些少年偷了我的钱包。

The advertising campaign ripped off a great many consumers.那个广告宣传欺骗了许多的顾客。误区警示：在日常交际中，不管是买东西、去餐厅吃饭还是请人修东西，要是觉得，太贵了，用“It‘s too expensive.”说法已过时，记得要用“It‘s a rip-off”

【典例剖析】

The tourists often complained of being _______ by the local peddlers when they bought some souvenirs.

A. ripped off

B. ripped out

C. ripped up

D. ripped away

11. get a kick out of/from （俚语）从……中得到乐趣

I get a kick out of driving fast cars.飙车给我带来了极大的乐趣。

He got a kick out of helping the others.

She gets a kick out of learning English.

I get a kick out of travelling.

He gets a kick from skiing.他从滑雪中得到了极大的乐趣。

My son gets a kick out of reading and skateboard.我儿子喜欢读书和玩滑板。

【链接】give sb. a kick给某人以极大的乐趣do sth. for kicks为寻求刺激而做某事

give sb. /sth. a good kick用力踢某人／某物take a kick踢罚球

【典例剖析】

—What‘s your favorite sport?

—Skiing _______.

A.I get a kick out of it

B.I prefer it

C. I choose it

D. I‘m used to it

12. naturally adv.自然地，天生地

Plants can grow naturally in such a good climate.在这种气候良好的地方，植物能自然生长。He is naturally brave. 他天生勇敢。

【单词积累】

natural adj .自然的，天生的nature n.[U]自然；自然界；本性

It is natural for a bird to fly.鸟天生会飞。

We must obey the laws of nature.我们必须遵循自然规律。

【拓展】

by nature天生地，生性in nature本质上，事实上against nature违反自然的，有违天性的误区警示：nature. 表示“大自然，自然界”时不与the连用，具有类似用法的单还有：space(太空)，society(社会)，man（人类）等。

【典例剖析】

Try to act _______ , even if you‘re nervous.

A. certainly

B. naturally

C. gradually

D. finally

Period 1 Reading—A Trip Along the Three Gorges

●To learn to read passages about the Three Gorges

●To learn to read with strategies

■Procedures

Step 1: Warming up by defining gorge

A canyon, or gorge, is a valley walled by cliffs. Most canyons originate by a process of long-time erosion from a plateau level, with a stream gradually carving out its valley. The cliffs form because harder rock strata that are resistant to erosion and weathering remain exposed on the valley walls. Canyons are much more common in arid areas than in wetter areas because weathering has a lesser effect in arid zones. Canyons' walls are often formed of resistant sandstones or granite. ...

Step 2: Before you read

Please go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.

Step 3: While you read

3. Complete the article with one word in each blank.

In August 1996, Peter Haussler and a _1_ of his were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. When the _2_semester finished at the end of January and they decided to take a boat downstream. They just _3_ to show our passports at the dock and got on the boat. As the sun set they docked at Fengdu to _4_ the sun setting behind the white pagoda. They slept through the first gorge, which is called the _5_ Gorge. The gorge narrows to 350 feet as the river rushes through the two-mile-high _6_. The next day they went through the big gorges on the Yangtze River. It was a lovely _7_ as they went through the Wu Gorge. They passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, the 3rd _8_ BC poet. As they came out of the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, they sailed into the _9_ site of the dam. They saw on a distant mountain a sign in 20-foot

4. Answer the reading comprehension questions according to the text.

1. The first semester finished at the end of _____and they had four weeks off for _____.

A. July, the Moon Festival

B. January, the Spring Festival

C. October, the National Day

D. September, the Teacher Day

2. A Jiangyou boat _____.

A. is very crowded

B. is mainly for goods and people trading along the river

C. doesn‘t stop at the temples

D. all of these

3. We slept through the first gorge, which is called ____.

A. the Xiling Gorge

B. the Qutang Gorge

C. the Wu Gorge

D. the Dam Gorge

4. What does ―setour‖ mean in At Wushan we made a detour up the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges?

A. deviation from normal course

B. a back route

Step 4: After you read

2. Read to transfer information

Section A INTRODUCTION & READING AND VOCABULARY

课文整体阅读

I．正误判断（根据课文内容判断正“T”误“F”）~p.194

1. There were many other foreigners in the town of Fuling besides Peter Hessler. ( )

2 Peter Hessler and his colleague took boats because they could stop at the temples. ( )

3. The ships like the Jiangyou boat are mainly for goods and people who trade along the river. ( )

4. They missed the scenery of the Qutang Gorge. ( )

5. The home of Qu Yuan, the third century BC poet, is located on the Daning River. ( )

Ⅱ. 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案）~p.194

1.Peter and his colleague came to China to _______ .

A. have a trip along the Three Gorges

B. study the history of China

C. teach English at a teacher training college

D. do business with Chinese people

2. At the first gorge, Peter and his friend _______ .

A. saw the sun setting behind the white pagoda

B. left the docks on a beautiful afternoon

C. made a detour up the Daning River

D. slept through the gorge and saw nothing

3. Qu Y uan‘s hometown was as situated on _______ .

A. the Xiang River

B. the Daning River

C. the Qutang Gorge

D. The construction site of the dam

4. The writer and his friend enjoyed _______ at Fengdu.

A. the hilly region

B. coal boat

C. riding bamboo rafts

D. the sun setting behind the white pagoda

5. What did Peter Hessler and his colleague do as they came out of the third gorge?

A. They rode bamboo rafts along the river‘s edge.

B. They got off the boat to take pictures.

C. They sailed into the construction site of the dam.

D. They made a detour up the Daning River.

Ⅲ. 阅读表达（根据课文完成下列各题）~p.194

l. List the names of the Three Gorges.

_______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Their colleagues advised them not to go on ships like the Jiangyou boat, why? List four reasons.

①_______________________ ②_______________________

③_______________________ ④_______________________

3. What do the words ―two more‖ in the n the third paragraph refer to?

______________________________________________________________________________ 4. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?

______________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ，短文填空（根据课文内容完成下列短文）p.194

In August 1996, Peter Haussler and ________ of his were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. When the first _______ finished at the end of January and they decided to take a boat ___________. They just had to show our ________ at the dock and got on the boat.

As the sun set they docked at Fengdu to see the sun ______ behind the white pagoda. They slept through the first gorge, which is called the Qutang Gorge. The gorge _______ to 350 feet as the river rushes through the two-mile-high mountains. The next day they went through the big gorges on the Yangtze River. It was a lovely morning as they went _______ the Wu Gorge.

They passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, the 3rd century BC ____. As they came out of the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, they sailed into the ____________ site of the dam. They saw on a distant mountain a sign in 20-foot characters. ― _____ the Three Gorges Dam, _______ the Yangtze River,‖ it said.

课文考点精解

1. be to do sth.

(1)表示“按计划、安排要做某事”。

We are to meet at the school gate.我们将在校门口碰头。

(2)表示“命令”。

You are to be back before five o‘clock.你必须在5点钟以前回来。

(3)表示“职责”。

He is to design a new machine.他将设计一台新机器。

(4)表示“目的”。

The prize was to honour him for his great discoveries.这项奖励是为了对他的重大发现表示敬意。

(5)表示“用途”。

A pen is to write with.钢笔是用来写字的。

(6)表示“命中注定”。

They were never to meet again.他们注定永远不会再见面了。

(7)表示“应该做某事”。

What are we to do next?我们下一步应该怎么办？

(8)表示“可能性”。

Let‘s see who is to win the game.让我们看看谁会赢得这场比赛。

(9)表示“征求对方的意见”。

Am I to go on with the work?这项工作我是不是接着做下去？

【典例剖析】

1.（2010 .大纲全国高考I ）The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _______ .

A. is made

B. would make

C. was to be made

D. had made

2. The final examination _______ in early July.

A. is to be held

B. is to be taken place

C. is going to hold

D. will be to take place

2. go through

(1)穿越

教材原句P42：The next day we went through the big gorges on theYangtze River.第二天，我们穿过了长江上最大的峡谷。

(2)经历，经受

The old man went through two world wars.这位老人经历了两次世界大战。

(3)仔细检查

They went through our baggage at the customs.海关人员仔细地检查了我们的行李。

He went through his pockets looking for the keys他翻遍了他的衣袋找钥匙。

对点集训

l. It took me a few weeks to get used to my new _______ .

A. surround

B. surrounding

C. surroundings

D. surrounded

2. We usually _______ at the local farmers ‘market for our vegetables.

A. exchange

B. replace

C. trade

D. communicate

3. He had a _______ escape when his car skidded on the ice.

A. slight

B. narrow

C. light

D. wide

4. ( 2012 .天津卷) Parents and children should communicate more to _______ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.

A. open

B. narrow

C. widen

D. leave

5.1 could see a car _______,but couldn‘t make out what color it was.

A. at the distance

B. in the distance

C. off the distanced.

D. from the distance

6. My grandpa _______ a lot of hardship when he was young.

A. calmed down

B. went through

C. added up

D. set down

7. The Smiths live in a house at the _______ of a forest.

A. blank

B. edge

C. end

D. above

8. The office was _______ with smoke because of a big fire.

A. rich，

B. heavy

C. full

D. crowded

9. There were only a few people in the meeting hall, _______ 10 people, for it was still early when

I got there.

A. at least

B. at all

C. at most

D. at last

10. The house still needed a lot of work, but _______ the kitchen was finished.

A. instead

B. altogether

C. at once

D. at least

11. When he _______ I the door, he found his keys were nowhere.

A. would open

B. opened

C. Had opened

D. was to open

12. At the foot of the mountain _______ .

A. a village lie

B. lies a village

C. does a village lie

D. lying a village

6. 用surround的正确形式填空

①He lives in a _______ village.

②After the meeting, he was _______ by a crowd of reporters.

③We are living in pleasant _______ .

7. 完成句子

①The store_________________________________________（经营新鲜水果）.

②I‘ d like to_________________________________________（用我的汽车换你的房子）.

③He doesn‘ t like to_________________________________________（和美国人做生意）.

④我听到鸟儿在林边歌唱。

I heard the birds singing________________________the woods.

⑤如果我们不控制出生率，在不远的将来将会濒于饥饿的边缘。

If we do not control the birth rate, we‘ll be _______________________starvation in the near future.

⑥In front of my village _______________________（流淌着一条小河）.

⑦On the wall _______________________（挂着一幅画）.

Period 2 Grammar—Revision of modal verbs

■Goals

●To revise the modal verbs

■Procedures

Step 1: Revising modal verbs

Step 2: Revising other uses of modal verbs

Apart from being used to describe degrees of certainty, modal verbs can also be used in the

Filling in the blank with one of the following modal verbs: Can, Could, May and Might

1. They (can/might) ________________ be away for the weekend but I'm not sure.

2. You (may/might) ________________ leave now if you wish.

3. (Could/May) ________________ you open the window a bit, please?

4. He (can/could) ________________ be from Sheffield, judging by his accent.

5. (May/Can) ________________ you swim?

6. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) ________________ speak during this exam.

7. They (can‘t/may not) ________________ still be out!

8. You (couldn‘t/might not) ________________ smoke on the bus.

9. With luck, tomorrow (can/could) ________________ be a cooler day.

1. There’s no light on---they ____ be at home. (2006全国I)

A. can‘t

B. mustn‘t

C. needn‘t

D. shouldn‘t

2. We hope that as many people as possible ____ join us for the picnic tomorrow. (2006全国II)

A. need

B. must

C. should

D. can

3. We ____ have proved great adventures, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the

past ten years. (2006天津)

A. needn‘t

B. may not

C. shouldn‘t

D. mustn‘t

4. ---Must he come to sign this paper himself. (2006广东)

---Yes, he ____.

A. must

B. need

C. may

D. will

5. Black holes ____ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task. (2006上海)

A. can

B. should

C. must

D. need

6. ---I think I’ll give Bob a ring. (2006江苏)

---You ____. You haven‘t been in touch with him for ages.

A. will

B. may

C. have to

D. should

7. Some aspects of a pilot’s job ____ be boring, and pilots often ____ work at inconvenient hours. (2006湖南)

A. can; have to

B. may; can

C. have to; may

D. ought to; must

8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ____ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (2006江西)

A. should have taken

B. could have taken

C. needn‘t have taken

D. mustn‘t have taken

9. As you worked late yesterday, you ____ have come this morning. (2006陕西)

A. mayn‘t

B. can‘t

C. mustn‘t

D. needn‘t

10. ---Could I have a word with you, mum? (2006浙江)

---Oh dear, if you ____.

1. Has it been warned that all the children in this area ____ stay at their homes until the Bird Flu has been controlled?

A. can

B. will

C. may

D. shall

2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.

A. had to write it out

B. must have written it out

C. should have written it out

D. ought to write it out

3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.

A. mustn‘t have arrived

B. shouldn‘t have arrived

C. can‘t have arrived

D. needn‘t have arrived

4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.

A. mustn‘t

B. can‘t

C. won‘t

D. needn‘t

5. The driver has drunk too much wine and dangerous things _____ happen at any time.

A. should

B. can

C. must

D. need

6. —Is John coming by train?

—He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must

B. can

C. need

D. may

7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

A. can

B. will

C. may

D. shall

8. Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? You _______ somebody.

A. might hurt

B. could have hurt

C. would hurt

D. must have hurt

9. —Don‘t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

—_______.

A. I don‘t

B. I won‘t

C. I can‘t

D. I haven‘t

10. I didn‘t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.

A. mustn‘t have spoken

B. shouldn‘t have spoken

C. needn‘t have spoken

D. couldn‘t have spoken

11.—Summer Holiday is drawing near. Are you going home for the holiday?

—I haven‘t decided yet. I ______ go home, but it depends on the weather.

A. must

B. need

C. may

D. will

12. This couple had been separated twenty years, you _______ imagine how happy they were when they met again.

A. might

B. will

C. can

D. must

13. We _______ last night, but we went to the concert instead.

A. must have studied

B. might study

C. should have studied

D. would study

14. She _____ listen to records, alone in her room for hours. We just won’t interrupt her, for we

know this is her usual way to stay in peace.

A. might

B. must

C. will

D. should

15. —Well done, Tom!

—Thanks, but given me more time, I _______ it much better.

Section II Grammar

复习情态动词

情态动词属语气助动词，它们一般具备以下特征：

情态动词属于语气助动词，它们一般具备以下特征：

情态动词后必须接动词原形。

情态动词没有单复数变化，没有不定式或动名词形式。

情态动词可以放在句首协助提问，也可以在后面加not构成否定句。

英语中常用的情态动词有：shall，should，can，could，may，might，will，would，must和ought to。另外need，dare，used只能算作“半情态动词”，因为它们既可作情态动词用，又可作行为动词用。

一、情态动词的基本用法

1.can , could与be able to

(1)表示能力（体力、知识、技能）

Can you lift this heavy box?你能举起那个重箱子吗？（表体力）

Mary can speak three languages.玛丽能说三种语言。（表知识）

Can you skate?你会滑冰吗？（表技能）

(2)表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）

They‘ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

他们已经换了时间表，所以我们只能乘公共汽车代替。

This hall can hold 500 people at least.这个大厅至少能容纳500人。

(3)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

Can this be true? 这是真的吗？

This can‘ t be done by him.这个不能由他来做。

(4) could用于疑问句，表示比can更为客气的语气；could用于肯定句可以表示没有多大把握的猜测或表示过去曾有过的能力；could还可用于虚拟语气表示与现在情况相反的假设。Could I go home now? 现在我可以回家了吗？（比can更为客气的请求）

(5) was ( were) able to与could的区别。当成功地完成某件事情

2.may与might

(1)表示请求和允许。Might LL may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’ t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。

—Might/May I smoke in this room?—我可以在这个房间里吸烟吗？

—No，you mustn‘t.—不可以，这儿禁止吸烟。

用May I. .？征求对方许可时，比较正式和客气，而用Can I…？在口语中更常见。

(2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。

May you succeed! 祝你成功！

(3)表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。Might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。Your mother may/might not know the truth.你母亲可能不知道事实。

3. must与have to

(1)表示必须、必要。

You must come on time.你必须按时到。

在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t’（禁止，不准），而用needn’t，don ’t have to（不必）。

—Must we hand in our exercise books today?

—Yes , you must.

—No ,you don’t have to/you needn’t.

(2) must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。Must 只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。

His play isn‘ t interesting really must go now.他的表演很无趣，现在我真的要走了。

I had to work when I was your age.‘当我和你一样大的时候，我不得不去工作。

3)表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）。

Your mother must be waiting for you now.你的母亲现在一定在等你。

4.need

need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to，ought to，should代替。

You needn‘t come so early. 你不需要来的这么早。

—Need I finish the work today? 我必须要今天完成这项工作吗？

—Yes, you must. /No, you needn‘t.

是的，必须今天完成。／不，不需要今天完成。

5. shall与should

(J) shall常用于第二、三人称，表示警告、命令、威胁、强制、允诺等意思。用在第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见。

You shall do as I say.你得按照我所说的去做。

Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.告诉他明天他就可以得到那本书。

Shall he come at once? 要他马上来吗？

Shall we start the meeting now? 我们要现在开始开会吗？

(2) should除了表示劝告、建议、义务、责任，作“应当，应该”讲外，还可用在表示必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等语气的从句中，作“应该，竟然会”讲。

You should keep your promise.你应该遵守你的诺言。

Young people should learn how to use computers.年轻人应当学习怎样使用计算机。

It is necessary that the results of an experiment should be checked.核对实验结果是必要的。

6.Will与would

(1)表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。

Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 你可以把球传给我吗？

(2)表示意志、愿望和决心。

I will never do that again.我再也不会那样做了。

They asked him i{he would go abroad.他们问他是否会出国。

（3）would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表示过去的习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.假期期间，他每隔一天就来找我。

The wounded would not heal.受伤人员不会痊愈。

二、情态动词must，may，might，can，could等表示推测

1．must表示有把握的推测，意为“一定是；肯定是”，只用于肯定句中，后接动词原形；

表示对现在的推测。

—I‘ve had no sleep for 72 hours.——我已经72小时没睡觉了。

—You must be exhausted.——你一定筋疲力尽了。

2．can表示惊异、怀疑或不相信的推测，多用于否定句或疑问句中，常用来表示对现在或将来事实的推测。

He can‘t be at home now.他现在不可能在家。

3．May表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能；也许”，常用于肯定句中。

Don‘t play with the fire. You may bum yourself.不要玩火，你可能会烧伤自己。

4．Could和might表示推测时，在某些场合可以代替can和may，语气比较委婉。

He may/might/can/could be very thirsty.他可能很渴。

语法专练

I．单项填空

1. We _______ have bought so much food now that Suzie won‘t be with us for dinner. (2012 .江西卷)

A. may not

B. needn‘t

C. can‘t

D. mustn‘t

2. We _______ the difficulty together, but why didn‘t you tell me? (2012. 北京卷)

A. should face

B. might face

C. could have faced

D. must have faced

3. It ? s quite warm here ; we _______ turn the heating on yet. ( 2012 .天津卷)

A. couldn‘t

B. mustn‘t

C. needn‘t

D. wouldn‘t

4. Although this _______ sound like a simple task , great care is needed. (2012.福州高一检测)

A. must

B. may

C. shall

D. should

5. It is surprising that he _______ have been so foolish; he never made such a mistake.

A. must

B. could

C. should

D. might

6. Here‘s no light on; they _______ be at home. (2011.邯郸高一检测)

A. can‘t

B. mustn‘t

C. needn‘t

D. shouldn‘t

7. The man _______ go out for a walk after supper when he was young.

A. would

B. must

C. might

D. should

8. You _______ be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago!

A. wouldn‘t

B. can‘t

C. mustn‘t

D. needn‘t

9. —May I take this book out of the reading room?

—No, you _______. You read it in here.

A. mightn‘t

B. won‘t

C. needn‘t

D. mustn‘t

10. John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour?

A. Must

B. Can

C. May

D. Need

11. —Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.

—You _______ have my computer if you don‘t take care of it.

A. shan‘t

B. might not

C. needn‘t

D. shouldn‘t

12.—I don‘ t really like James. Why did you invite him?

—Don‘t worry. He _______ come. He said he wasn‘t certain what his plans were. (2011. 北京卷)

A. must not

B. need not

C. would not

D. might not

13. —Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

—I am afraid you _______ in case he comes late for the meeting.

A. will

B. must

C. may

D. can

14. (2011. 上海卷)I _______ worry about my weekend—l always have my plans ready before it comes.

A. can‘t

B. mustn‘t

C. daren‘t

D. needn‘t

15. Just be patient. You _______ expect the world to change so soon.

A. can‘t

B. needn‘t

C. May not

D. will not

高考链接

1. Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip

— she hates traveling. (2008 全国II)

A. will

B. can

C. must

D. may

2. When I was young, I was told that I ____ play with matches. (2008 上海春)

A. wouldn‘t

B. needn‘t

C. mustn‘t

D. daren‘t

3. According to the air traffic rules, you _____ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. (2008 上海)

A. may

B. can

C. would

D. should

4. She _____ have left school, for her bike is still here. (2008 天津)

A. can‘t

B. wouldn‘t

C. shouldn‘t

D. needn‘t

5. — What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?

— Well, it ____ be big —that‘s not important. (2008 陕西)

A. mustn‘t

B. needn‘t

C. can‘t

D. won‘t

6. I can‘t leave. She told me that I _____ stay here until she comes back.

(2009 全国II)

A. can

B. must

C. will

D. may

7. —I don‘t care what people think.

— Well, you _______. (2009 四川)

A. could

B. would

C. should

D. might

8. Some people who don‘t like to talk much are not necessaril y shy; they _____ just be quiet people. (2009 安徽)

A. must

B. may

C. should

D. would

9. —It‘s the office! So you _____ know eating is not allowed here.

— Oh, sorry. (2009 湖南)

A. must

B. will

C. may

D. need

10. The traffic is heavy this day. I ____ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?

(2009 辽宁)

A. can

B. must

C. need

D. might

11. Just be patient. You_____ except the world to change so soon. (2010 全国I)

A. can‘t

B. needn‘t

C. may not

D. will not

12. —I haven‘t got the reference book yet, but I‘ll have a test on the subject next

month.

—Don‘t worry. You _____ have it by Friday. (2010 江苏)

A. could

B. shall

C. must

D. may

13. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it ______ be regular exercise.

(2010 辽宁)

A. can

B. will

C. must

D. may

14.—Will you read a story, Mummy?

— OK. You _____ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2011 陕西)

A. might

B. must

C. could

D. shall

15. — No one _____ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

— Oh, you are really his big fan. (2011 湖南)

A. can

B. need

C. must

D. might

16. ______ be the postman at the door, It‘s only sis o‘clock. (2011 江西)

A. mustn‘t

B. can‘t

C. won‘t

D. needn‘t

17. I got close enough to hear them speak ing Chinese, and I said ―Ni Hao‖ just as I

____ do in China.(2012四川）

A. must

B. might

C. can

D. should

18. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ____ say where he was.

(2012江苏)

A. mustn‘t

B. shouldn‘t

C. wouldn‘t

D. mightn‘t

19. We ____ have bought so much food now that Suzie won‘t be with us for dinner.

（2012江西）

A. may not

B. needn‘t

C. can‘t

D. mustn‘t

20. One of our rules is that every student ____ wear school uniform while at school.

（2012辽宁）

A. might

B. could

C. shall

D. will

Section C LISTENING AND VOCABULARY, FUNCTION, GRAMMAR 2

PRONUNCIATION , GRAMMAR 3 , WRITING& EVERYDAY ENGLISH

课文考点精解

1. pass through

(1)经过，通过

We saw Jane arrive, passing through the little gate into the garden.

我们看见简到了，穿过那扇小门进了花园。

We were passing through , so we thought we‘d come and say hello.我们路经此地，所以想来问候一声。

(2)经历

They passed through many difficulties in carrying out the plan.

在实施羞这个计划的过程中他们经历了许多困难。

【链接】

pass on传递pass down传承，传递（传统、知识等）

pass by经过，路过pass away去世

【辨析】pass through与get through

pass through“经历，体验”，不一定成功He passed rough unspeakable difficulties.他经历了无法形容的困难。

get through “通过，完成”，含“成功”之意He could hardly get through h the work in such a short time.在这么短的时间内他几乎不可能完成这项工作。

【典例剖析】

1. The hunter showed him the way to _____ the forest.

A. pass away

B. pass through

C. pass down

D. pass out

2. That famous mathematician _____ yesterday.

A. passed through

B. passed on

C. passed away

D. passed off

3. I can‘t _____ this performance. I‘m so nervous.

A. get through

B. pass through

C. go by

D. pass by

Section D CULTURAL CORNER

课文整体阅读

I．阅读表达（根据课文内容完成下列各题）~p.195

1. Where is Colin McCorquodale from？

_______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What rules does he follow when he sticks a little red pin in the map?

_______________________________________________________________________________ 3. List the things he takes with him wherever he goes.

_______________________________________________________________________________ 3.What is Mr McCorquodale‘s favourite place in Europe and in Asia according to the text?

_______________________________________________________________________________

课文考点精解

1. everywhere ‘无论哪里“，在句中作连词用，引导让步状语从句，相当于wherever。Everywhere you go, you‘d better tell your parents.无论去哪里，你最好和你父母打声招呼。【链接】

Everywhere的其他用法：

(1)通常用作副词，不要在其前使用in，at，to之类的介词。

I‘ve looked everywhere for it.我到处都找过它了。

He takes his dog with him everywhere.他无论到哪儿都带着他的狗。

误区警示：有时根据需要可与介词from连用。

Congratulations poured in from everywhere.、祝贺像潮水般从四面八方涌来。

(2)有时可用作表语，表示某种情况很普遍。

Girls with long hair were everywhere in the 1960s.在20世纪60年代女孩子留长发的现象相当普遍。

(3)有时用作名词（作主语）。

Everywhere seemed to be silent.万籁俱寂。

学法点拨：be everywhere为固定表达法，意为“到处都是；随处可见”。

Mobile phones are everywhere these days. 如今手机随处可见。

【典例剖析】

1. His dog follows him _____ he goes.

A. where

B. everywhere

C. every placed.

D. the place where

2. Good people and good deeds can be found _____ .

A. where

B. wherever

C. everywhere

D. no matter where

2. only if引导条件状语从句，意为“只有……；除非……才……”

I‘ll lend you the book only if you return it on time. 只要按时归还这本书，我就借给你。~Only If I get a job I will have enough money to go to school. 只有我找到工作才有足够的钱上学。Only if we stick to the study of English can we make progress in it. 只有我们坚持学习英语，我们才能取得进步。

Make a call only if it‘s important.只有事情重要时才打电话。

辨析：only if与if only

only if 引导条件状语从句，应用真实语气，表示“只要，只有”

if only 后面接从句，应用虚拟语气，表示“要是……就好了”

If only I were as clever as you! 要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！（对现在的虚拟）

If only she would come! 但愿她能来！（对将来的虚拟）

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必修 Module1 四 1 n. brick 砖 2 n. concrete 混凝土 3 n. mud 泥 4 adj alternative 替换的；供选择的 5 n. crime 罪；罪行 6 for sure 肯定地 7 n. prediction 预测 8 adj risky 危险的；冒险的 9 n. resource （常作复数）资源 10 run out （某物）用完；不多了；没有了 11 n. material 材料 12 vi. rely 依赖；依靠 13 rely on 依靠 14 adj solar 太阳的 15 adj urban 都市的；城市的 16 get rid of 除掉；处理掉 17 vt. load 装；装载 18 n. landfill 垃圾填埋地 19 vt. arrest 逮捕；拘留 20 n. criminal 罪犯；犯人 21 vt. fire 开火；启动 22 n. limit （常作复数）范围 23 adv outdoors 户外 24 adv online 联机地 25 n. catalogue 目录 26 n. command 命令；指令 27 place order 订购 28 n. recreation 娱乐；消遣 29 n. bowling 保龄球游戏 30 n. softball 垒球（运动） 31 n. charge 费用；价钱 32 free of charge 免费 33 vt. power 供给动力 34 n. flick 轻打；轻弹 35 n. switch 开关 vi.交换；调换 36 n. surgery 外科手术 37 n. telesurgery 远距离手术 38 n. outpatient 门诊病人

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注意啊：常用数集及其记法： 非负整数集（即自然数集）记作：N 正整数集N*或N+ 整数集Z 有理数集Q 实数集R 关于“属于”的概念 集合的元素通常用小写的拉丁字母表示，如：a是集合A的元素，就说a属于集合A 记作a∈A ，相反，a不属于集合A 记作a?A 列举法：把集合中的元素一一列举出来，然后用一个大括号括上。 描述法：将集合中的元素的公共属性描述出来，写在大括号内表示集合的方法。用确定的条件表示某些对象是否属于这个集合的方法。 ①语言描述法：例：{不是直角三角形的三角形} ②数学式子描述法：例：不等式x-3>2的解集是{x?R| x-3>2}或{x| x-3>2} 4、集合的分类： 1．有限集含有有限个元素的集合 2．无限集含有无限个元素的集合 3．空集不含任何元素的集合例：{x|x2=－5｝ 二、集合间的基本关系 1.“包含”关系—子集

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集合知识点归纳精编 W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】

集合的基础知识 一、重点知识归纳及讲解 1．集合的有关概念 一组对象的全体形成一个集合，集合里的各个对象叫做集合的元素 ⑴集合中的元素具有以下的特性 ①确定性：任给一元素可确定其归属．即给定一个集合,任何一个对象是不是这个集合的元素也就确定了. 例如，给出集合{1，2，3，4}，它只有1、2、3、4四个元素，其他对象都不是它的元素； 而“所有的好人”、“视力比较差的全体学生”、“我国的所有小河流”就不能视为集合，因为组成它们的对象是不能确定的. ②互异性：集合中的任何两个元素都是不同的对象，也就是说，集合中的元素必须是互不相同的（即没有重复现象），相同的元素在集合中只能算作一个.例如，不能有{1，1，2}，而必须写成{1，2}. ③无序性：集合中的元素间是无次序关系的.例如，{1，2，3}与{3，2，1}表示同一个集合. （2）集合的元素 某些指定的对象集在一起就成为一个集合，集合中的每个对象叫做这个集合的元素.若a是集合A的元素，就说a属于集合A，记作a∈A.不含任何元素的集合叫做空集，记作φ. （3）集合的分类：有限集与无限集. （4）集合的表示法：列举法、描述法和图示法.

列举法：将所给集合中的元素一一列举出来，写在大括号里，元素与元素之间用逗号分开，常用于表示有限集. 描述法：将所给集合中全部元素的共同特性和性质用文字或符号语言描述出来．常用于表示无限集. 使用描述法时，应注意六点： ①写清集合中元素的代号；②说明该集合中元素的性质； ③不能出现未被说明的字母；④多层描述时，应当准确使用“且”，“或”； ⑤所有描述的内容都要写在大括号内；⑥用于描述的语句力求简明、确切. 图示法：画一条封闭的曲线，用它的内部来表示一个集合，常用于表示又需给具体元 素的抽象集合，对已给出了具体元素的集合当然也可用图示法来表示. 如：A={1，2，3，4} 例1、设集合A={a，a+b, a+2b},B={a,ac,ac2} ,且A=B，求实数c值． 分析： 欲求c值，可列关于c的方程或方程组，根据两集合相等的意义及集合元素的互异性，有下面两种情况：（1）a+b=ac且a+2b= ac2，（2）a+b= ac2且a+2b=ac两种情况． 解析： （1）a+b=ac且a+2b= ac2，消去b得：a+ ac2-2ac=0．∵a=0时，集B中三元素均为零，根据集合元素互异性舍去a=0．∴c2-2c+1=0，即c=1，但 c=1时，B中的三个元素也相同，舍去c=1，此时无解．

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注意：①? a，若a≠?，则? a ; ②若，，则 ; ③若且，则a=b(等集) 3.弄清集合与元素、集合与集合的关系，掌握有关的术语和符号，特别要注意以下的符号：(1) 与、?的区别;(2) 与的区别;(3) 与的区别。 4.有关子集的几个等价关系 ①a∩b=a a b;②a∪b=b a b;③a b c ua c ub; ④a∩cub = 空集 cua b;⑤cua∪b=i a b。 5.交、并集运算的性质 ①a∩a=a，a∩? = ?，a∩b=b∩a;②a∪a=a，a∪? =a，a∪b=b∪a; ③cu (a∪b)= cua∩cub，cu (a∩b)= cua∪cub; 6.有限子集的个数：设集合a的元素个数是n，则a有2n个子集，2n-1个非空子集，2n-2个非空真子集。 【例1】已知集合m={x|x=m+ ,m∈z},n={x|x= ,n∈z},p={x|x= ,p∈z}，则m,n,p满足关系 a) m=n p b) m n=p c) m n p d) n p m 分析一：从判断元素的共性与区别入手。 解答一：对于集合m：{x|x= ,m∈z};对于集合n：{x|x= ,n ∈z} 对于集合p：{x|x= ,p∈z}，由于3(n-1)+1和3p+1都

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预言；预料 造成……形状 （动物的）脚 门前擦鞋垫 SHB4 M2 电车 与……相连 电线 郊区的；市郊的 被困在…… 马上；一会儿 展示；陈列 出租汽车；计程车执照；许可证 收据 到处旅行；四处走动车费 带空调的 限制 目的地；终点 给人印象深刻的 路线 双层公共汽车 提供 正在建设之中 方便的 骑车；踩……的踏板 三轮脚踏车 单程票 往返票 探索 （常作复数）道路施工 关上（点灯、电视等）；断掉（电源）保持冷静 吹响（乐器、号角等） 喇叭；号角 反应 解答；答案 心情；心境 （俚语）肯定不；没门儿 拥塞；堆积 执照；登记 SHB4 M3 交流；沟通 （用语言、信号）传递信息；交流 无意的；不知不觉的 变化 （保持）警惕 正式的 攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的 传统地 武器

姿势；姿态 恐吓的；具有威胁的 协议；交易 达成协议；做成交易 包括 轻微地；稍微 （常作复数）穆斯林 （穆斯林的）额手礼（用右手抚额鞠躬的礼节） 前额 印度人 鞠躬 非正式的 年轻人 举起 手掌 张开 掌击 暴露（自己的情况） （自称或被认为）能看透别人心思的人 意识到的；自觉的 脚踝 眉毛 嘴唇 手腕 弯下腰 紧抱；拥抱凝视；盯着看 擦；抹；揩 举起 一上一下地 宗教 主人 偶然地 祝酒；干杯 一抿之量；小口喝 空白的 恐慌；惊慌 粗鲁的；无礼的向……问好 打开（灯、无线电等）邀请 请求；要求 （请贴等用语）请答复恩惠；善意的行为 现场的 表演 表演者 古典的；古代的 掌声 判断；意见 延长 平等

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（7）已知集合A 有(1)n n ≥个元素，则它有2n 个子集，它有21n -个真子集，它有 21n -个非空子集，它有22n -非空真子集. （8）交集、并集、补集 【1.1.3】集合的基本运算

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高中数学必修1知识点 集合 123412n x A x B A B A B A n A ∈??? ????? ∈?∈?（）元素与集合的关系：属于（）和不属于（）（）集合中元素的特性：确定性、互异性、无序性集合与元素（）集合的分类：按集合中元素的个数多少分为：有限集、无限集、空集（）集合的表示方法：列举法、描述法（自然语言描述、特征性质描述）、图示法、区间法子集：若 ，则，即是的子集。、若集合中有个元素，则集合的子集有个， 注关系集合集合与集合{}00(2-1)23,,,,.4/n A A A B C A B B C A C A B A B x B x A A B A B A B A B A B x x A x B A A A A A B B A A B ??????????? ???????????≠∈?????=???=∈∈?=??=??=???真子集有个。、任何一个集合是它本身的子集，即 、对于集合如果，且那么、空集是任何集合的（真）子集。 真子集：若且（即至少存在但），则是的真子集。集合相等：且 定义：且交集性质：，，，运算{}{},/()()()-()/()()()()()()U U U U U U U U A A B B A B A B A A B x x A x B A A A A A A B B A A B A A B B A B A B B Card A B Card A Card B Card A B C A x x U x A A C A A C A A U C C A A C A B C A C B ????????=????=∈∈???=??=?=????????=???=+?=∈?=?=??==?=?，定义：或并集性质：，，，，， 定义：且补集性质：，，，， ()()()U U U C A B C A C B ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????=??????? 第一章集合与函数概念 【1.1.1】集合的含义与表示 （1）集合的概念 把某些特定的对象集在一起就叫做集合. （2）常用数集及其记法 N 表示自然数集，N *或N +表示正整数集，Z 表示整数集，Q 表示有理数集，R 表示实数集. （3）集合与元素间的关系

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The City of the Future What will the city of the future look like? No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. But one thing is certain-they are going to get bigger before they get smaller. In the future, care for the environment wil l become very important as earth’s natural resources run out. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideas they had: Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems. Batman Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns. Forget the malls In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders. Telephones for life Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.

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外研版高中英语必修四Module1 单词 1. alternative n.(二者当中)选一个，供选择的东西 adj.(二者当中)选其一的，供选择的 归纳拓展 (1) have no alternative but to do...除... 外别无选择 alternative ways可供选择的两种方法alternative energy 替代性能源 (2) alternatively adv.两者挑一地 (3) alternate v.交替；轮流 alternate...and/with使交替发生或出现；轮流安排 例句：Caught in the act, he had no alternative but to confess. 他被当场抓住，除了招供外别无选择。 I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the holiday in the mountains or by the sea. 我建议这次度假是到山上或是去海边。 We tried to alternate periods of work with sleep. 我们尽量让工作与睡眠交替进行。 【链接训练】 ①When travelling , you are advised to take travellers checks, which provide a secure _______ to carrying your money in cash. A . substitute B . selection C. preference D . alternative 【解析】句意为：建议旅行时携带旅行支票，这比带现金安 全。alternative意为变通方法，选择余地”，后接to/of sth.。A 项意为“代替者，代用品”，后接for ；B项意为“挑选”，强调在众多的数目中挑选，后接of；C项意为“偏爱"，后接for。 【答案】D ②You may as well go outing all by yourself ；_________ I may keep you company. A . differently B . alternatively C . accordingly D . automatically 【解析】考查副词辨析。句意为：你不妨自己去郊游；要么 我可以陪你去。alternatively二者择一地” 。differently “不同地”；accordingly “相应地” ；automatically “自动地”。 【答案】B 2 . limit n .(事物的)界限；限度；极限vt.限定；限制 归纳拓展 (1) ................................................................... set a limit to = put a limit on 限制；对....................................加以限制 to the limit达到极点 within limits适度地，有限地 ⑵limit sth.to限定；把……限制在…… limit sb.to (doing) sth.限制某人做某事 (3)limited adj.有限的，受限制的be limited to 局限于 例句：They attempt to set a limit on consumer waste. 他们试图设定消费者的浪费限度。 No fishing is allowed within a twentymile limit. 20英里以内不准垂钓。 I limit myself to three glasses of beer a day. 我限制自己一天喝三杯啤酒。 The teaching of history should not be limited to time and figure. 历史教学不能只局限于时间和人物。 【链接训练】 ①一Is there any ______ to the expense of the trip? ——I'm not clear about it.You'd better ask the manager. A . level B. limit C. matter D. standard 【解析】句意为：一一旅行花费有限制吗？一一我不太清楚。 你最好问问经理。limit意为“限定，限制”，符合题意。level “水平” ；matter “物质，事情” ；standard “标准”。 【答案】B ②There was not much time left，so the speaker was asked to _______ his speech to ten minutes. A . make B . limit C. do D . give 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：剩下的时间不多了，因此 演讲者被要求把演讲限制到 十分钟。limit “限制”， 符合题意。 【答案】B 3 . charge vt.控告；指控；要价，收费；使充满n .看管；费用；控告；掌管归纳拓展 向某人索取 ……的费用 charge sb.for sth. charge sb.with sth. 因某事控告某人 the charge for sth.某物的费用 (3) at one' s own charge自费，用自己的钱free of charge = for free 免费地 例句：The police charged him with careless driving. 警察指控他开车疏忽。 The hotel charged me ￡ 10 for a room for one night. 那个旅馆一个房间一晚上收了我10英镑。 He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.经理不在时，他留下来负责这个商店。 The park is open to the public free of charge. 公园对公众免费开放。 charge sb.moncy tor sth. (1) charge money for sth.