英语翻译
全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试
英语翻译试题课程代码：00087
一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)
（一）本部分共有10小题，在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个在意义和表达方面与原文最接近，选择最佳译文。错选、多选或未选均无分。（20分）
1. I guessed vaguely from my mother’s signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen. ( )
A. 母亲给我打着手势，人们在屋里匆匆地走来走去，我模模糊糊地猜到有一件不寻常的事在周围发生了。
B. 我从母亲打给我的模糊手势中和从人们在屋里匆匆地走来走去中预感到一件不寻常的事已经要发生了。
C. 从母亲的手势和人们在屋里跑来跑去中，我隐约地预感到有不寻常的事要发生。
D. 母亲给我打着手势，人们在屋里匆匆地走来走去，模模糊糊地预感到一件不寻常的事就要发生了。
2. With the flood came the life-giving mud that made Egypt the granary of the ancient world. ( )
A. 河水泛滥带来的泥沙，万物得以生长，这样埃及成为古代世界的粮仓。
B. 河水泛滥带来了泥沙，万物得以生长，埃及就这样成了古代世界的粮仓。
C. 随着河水的泛滥带来赋予生命的泥沙，埃及就成为古代世界的粮仓。
D. 泛滥的河水带来赋予生命的泥沙，万物得以生长，埃及就这样成为古代世界的粮仓。
3. China’s imports will supply the much needed machinery and technology to fuel its continued development. ( )
A. 中国的进口会提供非常必需的机械和技术来为它的继续发展加油。
B. 进口可以为中国提供急需的机械和技术，从而促进其持续发展。
C. 中国可用的的机械和技术进口加速了它继续发展的速度。
D. 中国进口的机械和技术可用来加速它继续发展的速度。
4. The river is fenced to keep people out.( )
A. 这条河用围栏把人们挡在外边。
B. 围栏把人们挡在这条河外边。
C. 围栏把这条河挡在人们的外边。
D. 为了行人的安全，河的两岸修了栏杆。
5. Clyde was flustered and disturbed by the cool, examining eyes of the man.( )
A. 克莱德面对眼前这个人的冷漠、审视的目光而显得很慌乱。
B. 克莱德面对眼前这个人的审视的冷漠眼睛显得慌乱不已。
C. 克莱德在这个人的冷漠的目光审视下显得很慌乱不已。
D. 克莱德显得如此的慌乱，因此不敢面对眼前这个人的冷漠而审视的目光。
6. 五四运动所进行的文化革命是彻底地反对封建文化的运动。( )
A. The cultural revolution carried out by the May 4th Movement was complete in its position to feudal culture.
B. The cultural revolution ushered by May 4th Movement was uncompromising of its opposition of feudal culture.
C. The cultural revolution launched by May 4th Movement was complete in its position to feudal culture.
D. The cultural revolution ushered in by the May 4th Movement was uncompromising in its opposition to feudal culture.
7. 中国能够依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给。( )
A. China can basically realize self-sufficiency in food supplies through self independence.
B. China can basically realize self-support in food supplies through self reliance.
C. China can basically achieve self-sufficiency in grain through self reliance.
D. China can basically achieve self-support in grain through self independence.
8. 她不是鲁镇人。( )
A. She was not from Luzhen.
B. She did not come from Luzhen.
C. She was not a native of Luzhen.
D. She was not the woman who came from Luzhen.
9. 我国陆地矿产资源的人均占有量不到世界人均量的一半。( )
A. The amount per capita of the land mineral resources in China is less than half the figure per capita worldwide.
B. The amount per capita of the mineral land resources in China is no less than half the figure per capita worldwide.
C. The amount per capita of the mineral land resources in China is lower than half the figure per capita worldwide.
D. The amount per capita of the land mineral resources in China is no more than half the figure per capita worldwide.
10. 实行科教兴国战略，不断提高全民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质。( )
A. To practise a strategy of science and education, and strive to raise the political and moral standards as well as scientific and cultural level of the entire nation.
B. To adopt a strategy of rejuvenating China through science and education, and strive to raise the political and moral standards as well as scientific and cultural level of the entire nation.
C. To execute a strategy through science and education, and strive to raise the political and moral standards as well as scientific and cultural level of the entire nation.
D. To adopt a strategy through science and education, and strive to raise the political and moral standards as well as scientific and cultural level of the entire nation.
(二) 本部分共有5小题，在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，选择最佳答案完成句子。错选、多选或未选均无分。（10分）
11. 下面哪种表述是正确的？( )
A. 英语中代称使用多，实称使用少，不怕重复。
B. 汉语中实称使用多，代称使用少，不怕重复。
C. 英语中实称使用多，代称使用少，避免重复。
D. 汉语中代称使用多，实称使用少，避免重复。
12. 下面哪种表述是正确的？( )
A. 英语句子强调突出重点，语序比较固定。
B. 汉语句子强调突出重点，语序比较固定。
C. 英语强调时间顺序和逻辑顺序，评论与表态的话语多放在句末。
D. 汉语强调时间顺序和逻辑顺序，评论与表态的话语多放在句末。
13. 下列哪位主张直译，但同时又提倡保留“神韵”?( )
A. 鲁迅
B. 瞿秋白
C. 茅盾
D. 郭沫若
14. “上下文在解决语言单位的多义性问题上起着最重要的作用。”这是下列哪位的论述?( )
A. 奈达
B. 巴尔胡达罗夫
C. 泰特勒
D. 费道罗夫
15. 就汉译英而论，下面哪种表述是正确的？( )
A. 断句的情况较多，并句的情况较少
B. 断句的情况较多，并句的情况也较多
C. 断句的情况较少，并句的情况较多
D. 断句的情况较少，并句的情况也较少
二、词语翻译(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)
（一）将下列词语译成中文（10分）
16. pottery industry17. summer resort18. 1.8 trillion dollars19. investment policy
20. keen interests21. county history（annals）22. soda fountain
23. living organisms24. court of appeals25. Contracting States
（二）将下列词语译成英语（10分）
26. 流传久远27. 五卅运动28. 十五世纪初29. 有利因素30. 游记31. 试工期32. 排队
33. 大陆岸线34. 注册资本35. 区域自治
三、改译题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
(一)下列句子的中译文有一个或一个以上错误，请加以改正。（10分）
Example:
原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.
译文：阿德莱德享有地中海气候。
改译：阿德莱德属地中海气候。
36. 原文: Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science.
译文：在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。
改译：
37. 原文: I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. 译文：一想到连接两个生命的差异是如此巨大时，我的心中充满了诧异。
改译：
38. 原文: Each language has its own genius.
译文：每一种语言有其自己的天才。
改译：
39. 原文: The captain of the boys was telling me he was in need of one.
译文：孩子们的队长告诉我他是要雇人的。
改译：
40. 原文: The oil used for lubrication must be of correct thickness.
译文：润滑油的厚度要适当。
改译：
(二)下列句子的英译文有一个或一个以上错误，请加以改正。（10分）
Example:
原文：中国在任何情况之下决不首先使用核武器。
译文：At no time China will be the first to use nuclear weapons.
改译：At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
41. 原文:从1980年至1992年, 人均国民生产总值平均增长率为7.6%。
译文：Each GPS has grown at an average rate of 7.6% from 1980 to 1992.
改译：
42. 原文: 鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品。
译文：Encourage a joint venture to market its products outside China.
改译：
43. 原文：坐在花园的篱笆上，一只黄蜂蜇了我一下。
译文：Sitting on the fence in my garden, a wasp stung me.
改译：
44. 原文：不发达地区大都是拥有丰富资源的地区，发展潜力是很大的。
译文：Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources，development potential is very great.
改译：
45. 原文：总起来说，就是要把中国建设成为富强民主文明的现代化国家。
译文：In a word, is to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced modern country.
改译：
四、段落翻译（本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分）
(一)将下列短文译成汉语（15分）
46. The first great rush of population to the far west was drawn to the mountainous regions, where gold was found in
California in 1848. Miners opened up the country, established communities, and laid the foundations for more permanent settlements. Yet even while digging in the hills, some settlers perceived the region’s farming and stock-raising possibilities.
(二)将下列短文译成英语（15分）
47. 关于我自己，有一点我始终很清楚，这就是：我出身于一个十分普通的家庭。在这种与中国成千上万个家庭雷
同的普通家庭里，我长成了一个混同于成千上万个中国人之中分辨不出的普通小女子。于是便有着普通小女子的许多弱点和做法。当然，还有许多属于女人的缺陷。
全国2010年4月高等教育自学考试
英语翻译试题课程代码：00087
I . Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points for each)
A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. (Please write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.)
1. Chu Deh remembered his age. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.
A.朱德想起了自己的年龄，他已36岁了，他的青春转瞬即逝，使他感到衰老和失望。
B.朱德想起了自己的年龄，36岁了，青春转瞬即逝，使他感到衰老和失望。
C.朱德想起了自己的年龄，36岁了，他的青春转瞬即逝，留给他的只是衰老和失望。
D.朱德想起了自己的年龄，他已36岁了，青春转瞬即逝，留给他的只是衰老和失望。
2. It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me.
A.在这个意义重大的日子即将结束的时候，我躺在小床上，沉浸在快乐之中，恐怕再也找不到比我更幸福的孩子了。
B.在这个意义重大的日子即将结束的时候，我躺在小床上，生活在快乐之中，我比任何孩子都幸福。
C.恐怕再也找不到比我更幸福的孩子了，就在这个意义重大的日子即将结束的时候，我躺在小床上，沉浸在快乐之中。
D.我比任何孩子都幸福，就在这个意义重大的日子即将结束的时候，我躺在小床上，生活存快乐之中。
3. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring.
A.几乎是无意识地，我用手指摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，久久不愿移开，这些新长的叶片和刚开的花朵迎来了芬
芳的、南方的春天。
B.几乎是无意识地，我用手指摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，久久不愿移开，这些新长的叶片和刚开的花朵似乎在迎
接着南国芬芳的春天。
C.我的手指几乎是无意识地摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，久久不愿移开，这些新长的叶片和刚开的花朵迎来了芬芳
的、南方的春天。
D.我的手指几乎是无意识地摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，久久不愿移开，这些新长的叶片和刚开的花朵似乎在迎接
着南国芬芳的春天。
4. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives it connects.
A.从今天开始，我的生活和以前迥然不同，想到这点，我就感到非常兴奋。
B.我非常兴奋，因为我想到我今后的生活和以前迥然不同。
C.从今天开始，我的生活会和以前迥然不同，想到这点，我就感到非常兴奋。
D.我非常兴奋，因为我想到今后的我会和以前生活迥然不同。
5. To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests.
A.为了弄清睡眠不足会产生什么样的后果，研究人员通过一系列心理测试和表现测试来设立学科。
B.为了弄清睡眠不足会产生什么样的后果，研究人员对这些学科进行了各种测试，包括心理和表现。
C.为了弄清睡眠不足会产生什么样的后果，研究人员对测试对象进行了各种测试，包括心理和表现。
D.为了弄清睡眠不足会产生什么样的后果，研究人员对测试对象进行了一系列的心理测试和表现测试。
6.今天，专心致志进行现代化建设的中国人民，更需要有一个长期的和平国际环境和良好的周边环境。
A. Today, the Chinese people, who are committing to their modernization, need more than ever a long-term international environment of peace and a favorable neighboring climate.
B. Today, the Chinese people, who are committed to their modernization, need more than ever a long-term international environment of peace and a favorable neighboring climate.
C. Today, the Chinese people are committing to their modernization need more than ever a long-term international environment of peace and a favorable neighboring climate.
D. Today, the Chinese people are committed to their modernization need more than ever a long-term international
environment of peace and a favorable neighboring climate.
7.相互了解，是发展国与国之间关系的前提。唯有相互了解，才能增进信任，加强合作。
A. Mutual understanding is the basis for state-to-state relations. Only with mutual understanding, it would be possible for countries to build trust in and promote cooperation with each other.
B. Mutual understanding is the basis for state-to-state relations. Without it, it would be impossible for countries to build trust in and promote cooperation with one another.
C. Mutual understanding is the basis for state-to-state relations, without it, it would be impossible for countries to build trust in and promote cooperation with each other.
D. Mutual understanding is the basis for state-to-state relations, only with mutual understanding, it would be possible for countries to build trust in and promote cooperation with one another.
8.合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律、法令和有关条例规定。
A. All activities of an equity joint venture should comply by the provisions of the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China.
B. All activities of an equity joint venture shall abide with the provisions of the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China.
C. All activities of an equity joint venture shall comply with the provisions of the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China.
D. All activities of an equity joint venture should abide by the provisions of the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China.
9.按照《联合国海洋法公约》的规定，中国还对广阔的大陆架和专属经济区行使主权和管辖权。
A. As defined by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, China also exercises sovereignty and jurisdiction over the vast continental shelves and exclusive economic zones.
B. Defined by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, China also exercises sovereignty and jurisdiction over the vast continental shelves and exclusive economic zones.
C. China defined by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea also exercises sovereignty and jurisdiction over the vast continental shelves and exclusive economic zones.
D. China as defined by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea also exercises sovereignty and jurisdiction over the vast continental shelves and exclusive economic zones.
10.做事要有毅力，不要因为事情很难或者麻烦而撒手不干。
A. Practise perseverance or never give up a thing because it is hard or inconvenient.
B. Practise perseverance and not to give up a thing because it is hard or inconvenient.
C. Practise perseverance and never give up a thing because it is hard or inconvenient.
D. Practise perseverance or not to give up a thing because it is hard or inconvenient.
B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes each statement. (Please write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.)
11.______认为“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。”
A.郭沫若
B.茅盾
C.傅雷
D.王佐良
12.“翻译的确切性就是通过复制原文形式的特点(如果语言条件许可的话)，或创造在作用上与原文特点相符的东西来表达原文所特有的内容与形式间的相互关系。”这是费道罗夫在他的著作______中指出的。
A.《语言与翻译面面观》
B.《语言与翻译》
C.《论翻译的原则》
D.《翻译理论概要》
13. According to A. F. Tytler, the three principles of translation are the following EXCEPT that ______.
A. the translation should have all the ease of the original composition
B. the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work
C. the merit of the original work should be completely transfused into another language
D. the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original
14.著名翻译家王佐良教授以翻译英诗为主，他对译诗的看法是______。
A.格律要如原诗，追求每行字数的一律
B.译者在自己的译文风格上不必追求创新和探索
C.译诗须像诗，要忠实传达原作的内容、意境、情调
D.语言要设法接近原作，要保持其原有的新鲜或锐利，但是形象可以意译
15.原文：该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。
译文: The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.
对于原文中的黑体部分，译者采用的主要翻译技巧是______。
A.增词
B.减词
C.词类转换
D.分译法
II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point for each)
A. Directions: Turn the following words and phrases into Chinese. (Please write your answer on the answer sheet.)
16. anti-doping agency 17. Achilles’ heel
18. enforcement power 19. geologist
20. entrepreneurial spirit 21. life imprisonment
22. duty-free goods 23. the New Testament
24. global positioning system 25. blue chips
B. Directions: Turn the following words and phrases into English. (Please write your answer on the answer sheet.)
26.琉璃瓦27.残奥会28.丝绸之路29.旅游旺季
30.余震31.中国红十字会32.履行义务 33.知识密集型产业
34.多边外交35.同声传译
III. Translation Revision (20 points, 2 points for each)
A. Directions: Correct or improve the translation of the following sentences. (Please write your revised translation on the answer sheet.)
Example:
原文: Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.
译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。改译：阿德莱德属地中海型气候。
36. 原文: We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world.
译文：在改革和对外开放政策下，我们强烈地感受到了中国的多样化、活力和进步。
37. 原文：Public officials may be removed from office for failing to perform their duties properly, as well as for serious violations of law.
译文：公职人员如果渎职就会被撤职，并被视为严重违法。
38. 原文：You cannot be too careful in proofreading.
译文：校对时，你不能过于仔细。
39.原文：She persisted in her work when she might take a good rest.
译文：当她可以休息时，她却在工作。
40. 原文：He wished that he had asked her to dance, and that he knew her name.
译文：他真希望自己请她跳了舞，又知道了她的芳名，那该有多好。
B. Directions: Correct or improve the translation of the following sentences. (Please write your revised translation on the answer sheet.)
Example:
原文：能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。
译文: To write a preface to the collection of his essays gives me a great honor.
改译：I find it a great honor to write a preface to the collection of his essays.
41.原文：理论上看起来容易的事情做起来却往往非常困难。
译文: That seems easy in theory is often immensely difficult to achieve.
42.原文：人们喜爱这位美国当代优秀作家。
译文: People love this American contemporary outstanding writer.
43.原文：为了推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一步了解美国，美国也需要进一步了解中国。
译文: To promote the development of Sino-US relations, China needs to know the United States better and the United States needs to know China better.
44.原文：中国作为人类文明发祥地之一，在几千年的历史进程中，文化传统始终没有中断。
译文: As one of the cradles of human civilization, China has all along maintained its cultural tradition without letup in its history of several thousands years.
45.原文：中国现有宜农荒地3,500万公顷，其中可开垦为耕地的约有1,470万公顷。
译文: China now has 3.5 million hectares of wasteland which are suitable for farming. Of this, about 1.47 million hectares can be reclaimed.
IV. Passage Translation (30 points)
A. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (Please write your translation on the answer sheet.) (15 points)
46.
The central government has taken the unprecedented step of giving children across the country a special lesson on their first day of school—how to survive natural disasters.
This comes in the wake of the devastating Sichuan earthquake in May, which left 88,000 people dead or missing. In response, Beijing ordered China Central Television to produce a programme to teach students how to survive during emergencies.
The First Lesson of the Beginning of the School Term, will be aired on CCTV tonight and is required viewing for all mainland school students.
The Ministry of Education has also instructed all primary and secondary schools to implement each safety measure presented in the programme and to plan for any contingency. "After the school term opens, schools have to focus on carrying out safety education and safety drills," the ministry said.
A Beijing-based journalism scholar welcomed the move, saying China had never before made a programme specifically on disaster prevention and escape.
“In the past, we had a lack of disaster preventive measures,” he said. “Now I think the Sichuan quake finally brought some positive changes because the death toll, especially among students, was just too high ...”
B. Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (Please write your translation on the answer sheet.) (15 points)
47.
立足国内资源，实现粮食基本自给，是中国解决粮食供需问题的基本方针。中国将努力促进粮食增产，确保在正常情况下粮食自给率不低于95％，净进口量不超过国内消费量的5％。
现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素。根据中国农业自然资源、生产条件、技术水平和其他发展条件，粮食增产潜力很大。
全国2009年7月高等教育自学考试
英语翻译试ti 课程代码：00087
请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
（一）本部分共有10小题，在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个在意义和表达方面与原文最接近，选择最佳译文。
错选、多选或未选均无分。（20分）
1. Chu Teh remembered his age. He was thirty—six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.
A. 朱德还记得自己的年龄，他已三十六岁，青春一去不复返，留给他的是衰老和幻灭。
B. 朱德想起自己的年龄，他已三十六岁，青春像一路鸣叫的鹰，早已一闪而逝，留给他的是衰老和幻灭。
C. 朱德想起自己的年龄，他已三十六岁，青春像一路鸣叫的鹰，早已不在了，使他有衰老感和幻灭感。
D. 朱德还记得自己的年龄，他已三十六岁，青春像一路鸣叫的鹰，早已一闪而逝，留给他的是衰老和幻灭。
2. Several times on his trips to China, which he made as a guest of the Chinese government, Bill’s birthday occurred while he was in Beijing.
A. 好几次访问中国，比尔都是作为中国政府的客人，而好几次生日都是在北京度过的。
B. 比尔作为中国政府的客人数次访问中国，好几次都是在北京过的生日。
C. 比尔作为中国政府的客人访问中国，好几次都赶上在北京过生日。
D. 好几次访问中国，比尔都是作为中国政府的客人，好几次都赶上在北京过生日。
3. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring.
A. 我几乎是无意识地用手抚摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，这新长的叶片和刚开的花朵在南方迎来了芬芳的春天。
B. 我的手指几乎是无意识地抚摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，这新长的叶片和刚开的花朵在欢迎南方芬芳的春天。
C. 我几乎是无意识地用手指触摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，这叶片和花朵是新生长出来欢迎南方芬芳的春天的。
D. 我几乎是无意识地用手指抚摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，这新长的叶片和花朵在南方迎来了芬芳的春天。
4. Between 1860 and 1910, the number of farms in the US trebled, increasing from 2 million to 6 million while the area
farmed more than doubled from 160 million to 352 million hectares.
A. 在一八六○年到一九一○年间，美国的农场数增加了三倍，自二百万个增加到六百万个，耕地的面积扩大了一倍
多，从一亿六千万公顷增至三亿五千二百万公顷。
B. 在一八六○年到一九一○年间，美国的农场数增加到两倍，自二百万个增加到六百万个，耕地的面积扩大了一倍
多，从一亿六千万公顷增至三亿五千二百万公顷。
C. 在一八六○年到一九一○年间，美国的农场数增加了两倍，自二百万个增加到六百万个，耕地的面积扩大到一倍
多，从一亿六千万公顷增至三亿五千二百万公顷。
D. 在一八六○年到一九一○年间，美国的农场数增加了两倍，自二百万个增加到六百万个，耕地的面积扩大了一倍
多，从一亿六千万公顷增至三亿五千二百万公顷。
5. The tall, well-dressed gentleman standing before me was certainly a far cry from the old sea wolf of my imagination.
A. 站在我面前的这位身材高大、衣冠楚楚的先生，说起话来无疑与我先前想象的老海怪不同。
B. 站在我面前的是一位身材高大、衣着讲究的先生，与我先前想象的老海怪完全不同。
C. 站在我面前的是一位身材高大、衣冠楚楚的先生，与我心目中的老海怪隔得很远。
D. 站在我面前的是一位身材高大、衣着讲究的先生，与我先前想象的老海怪距离很远。
6. 我们要埋头苦干。我们肩上的担子重，责任大啊！
A. We must immerse ourselves in hard work, we have difficult task to accomplish and bear a heavy responsibility on our
shoulder.
B. We must immerse ourselves in hard work; we feel a heavy burden on our shoulder and bear a heavy responsibility.
C. We must immerse ourselves in hard work, we have difficult task on our shoulder and bear a heavy responsibility.
D. We must immerse ourselves in hard work; we have difficult task to accomplish and a heavy responsibility to bear.
7. 我最近还在另一个地方说过：艺术的最好境界是无技巧。
A. I’ve also said recently on another occasion that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.
B. I’ve also said recently in another occasion that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.
C. I’ve also said recently in another place that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.
D. I’ve also said recently in another occasion that the highest state to which art can attain is skilllessness.
8. 在1977年，中国进出口总额还不到150亿美元，仅占世界贸易总额的0.6%。
A. In 1977, the total sum of Chinese imports and exports was less than $15 billion, put China’s share of world trade at 0.6
percent.
B. In 1977, the sum total of Chinese imports and exports was less than $15 billion, putting China’s share of world trade at 0.6
percent.
C. In 1977, the sum total of Chinese imports and exports was less than $150 billion, putting China’s share of world trade at
0.6 percent.
D. In 1977, the total sum of Chinese imports and exports was less than $150 billion, putting China’s share of world trade at
0.6 percent.
9. 提高现在耕地单位面积产量有潜力。
A. Increasing the yield per unit area on the existing cultivated land is potential.
B. It is potential for increasing the yield per unit area on the existing cultivated land.
C. There is potential for increasing the yield per unit area on the existing cultivated land.
D. It is potential to increase the yield per unit area on the existing cultivated land.
10. ……可我从头到脚淋成了落汤鸡了。
A. …. I was drenched from head to foot like a drowned hen.
B. …. I was drenched from head to foot like a drowned mouse.
C. …. I was drenched from head to foot like a drowned rat.
D. …. I was drenched from head to foot like a drowned cat.
（二）本部分共有5小题，在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，选择最佳答案完成句子。错选、多选或未选均无分。（10分）
11. 中国第一个系统介绍西方哲学的人是________。
A. 严复
B. 王佐良
C. 林纾
D. 钱钟书
12. 提出“既需求真，又须喻俗”的是________。
A. 阿毗昙
B. 释道安
C. 鸠摩罗什
D. 玄奘
13. 主张直译，同时又提倡保留“神韵”的是________。
A. 郭沫若
B. 茅盾
C. 鲁迅
D. 瞿秋白
14. 提出“重神似不重形似”观点的是________。
A. 钱钟书
B. 傅雷
C. 瞿秋白
D. 许渊冲
15. “I have always aimed at translating sense, not words. ”is expressed by________.
A. Theodore Savory
B. Cicero
C. Saint Jerome
D. A. F. Tytler
二、词语翻译（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）
（一）将下列词语译成中文（10分）
16. full diplomatic relations17. graduate school18. racial discrimination
19. bilateral trade20. a major economy
21. sustainable development22. traffic congestion
23. the international community24. gene mutation25. income tax
（二）将下列词语译成英语（10分）
26. 全国人民代表大会27. 北洋军阀政府28. 劳动密集型产业29. 固定资产
30. 外交部31. 副教授32. 国民生产总值33. 自然遗产34. 全球化35. 生物工程
三、改译题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
（一）下列句子的中译文有一个或一个以上错误，请加以改正。（10分）
Example:
原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.
译文：阿德莱德享有地中海气候。
改译：阿德莱德属地中海气候。
36. 原文：On that afternoon, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant.
译文：那天下午，我呆呆地，怀着期待的心情站在门廊里。
37. 原文：“You mustn’t use all that electricity to please me,”he protested.
译文：他抗议道：“你们不该用这么多电，就为了让我高兴。”
38. 原文：Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science.
译文：在农业革命中比之机械不太重要的是科学。
39. 原文：Despite the great gains in industry, agriculture remained the nation’s basic occupation.
译文：尽管工业取得了很大的进步，但农业保持着国家的基本事业。
40. 原文：Scientists are confident about the formation of coal.
译文：科学家对煤是怎样形成的很自信。
（二）下列句子的英译文有一个或一个以上错误，请加以改正。（10分）
Example:
原文：中国在任何情况之下决不首先使用核武器。
译文：At no time China will be the first to use nuclear weapons.
改译：At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
41. 原文：总之，一个合逻辑，一个合文法，一个较好的修辞，这三点请你们在写文章的时候注意。
译文：In short, to be logical, to be grammatical and to have a better command of rhetoric, these are the three points I would like you to bear in mind when you write.
42. 原文：如今，能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。
译文：Now, to be able to write a preface to this collection of his essays, I find it a great honor.
43. 原文：我们在面对成绩时，应保持谦虚的态度。
译文：We should keep the attitude of modesty when facing achievements.
44. 原文：鼓励外国合营者将可汇出的外汇存入中国银行。
译文：To encourage a foreign joint venturer to deposit in the Bank of China the foreign exchange which it is entitled to remit abroad.
45. 原文：当时，许多孩子正在靠近铁轨的地方玩耍，他们那样大胆，不知道危险就在眼前，使我们非常吃惊。
译文：Many children were playing closely to the tracks then, and we were stunned by their ignorance and daring.
四、段落翻译（本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分）
（一）将下列短文译成汉语（15分）
46. People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable—without meaning to or
sometimes without even realizing it.
Most Americans have never been out of the country and have very little experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy meeting new people, having guests and bringing people together formally or informally. They tend to use first names under most circumstances and speak freely about themselves. So if your American hosts do something that makes you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel. Most people will appreciate your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again.
（二）将下列短文译成英语（15分）
47. 在中国古代史上，黄河被称为中华民族的“母亲”，她哺育了千千万万中华儿女。黄河流域是中华民族的“摇篮”，
也是中国文化的发祥地。远古时代，这里曾经草木茂密、植物丰盛，中华民族的祖先便在这块广大的土地上劳动生息。经过数十万年原始社会生活以后，在中国这块辽阔的国土上，黄河流域最早进入农业文明。黄河流域的古都西安、洛阳、开封是北宋以前中国政治、经济和文化的中心。勤劳勇敢的中国人民在这里创造了绚丽多彩的艺术和文化。
全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题
课程代码：00087
Ⅰ. Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points for each)
A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the one that you think is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.(Please write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.)
1. If machines really thought as men do, there would be no more reason to fear them than to fear men.
A. 如果机器真的像人一样思维，那么怕它们的理由就没有比怕人的理由多。
B. 如果机器真的像人一样思维，那么就没有理由怕它们，正如没有理由怕人一样。
C. 如果机器真的像人一样思维，那么怕人的理由就没有比怕它们的理由多。
D. 如果机器真的像人一样思维，那么就没有理由怕人，正如没有理由怕它们一样。
2. James Bringley of Straffordshire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of 17, having been born poor in a village.
A. 1733年，斯塔福郡的詹姆斯·布林德雷就在磨坊工作。因为他出身于一个贫困的农村家庭，17岁那年，他便开
始了自我奋斗的历程。
B. 斯塔福郡的詹姆斯·布林德雷1733年就开始了自我奋斗的历程。因为出生在一个贫困的农村家庭，17岁那年，
他就在磨坊工作。
C. 斯塔福郡的詹姆斯·布林德雷，出生在一个贫困的农村家庭，1733年，在他17岁时，靠改良磨坊的水车轮，便
开始了自我奋斗的历程。
D. 1733年，斯塔福郡的詹姆斯·布林德雷，在他17岁时，靠改良磨坊的水车轮，便开始了自我奋斗的历程，他
出生在一个贫困的农村家庭。
3. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.
A. 然而，很多人相信，我们的进步有赖于科学的两个不同方面。
B. 然而，很多人相信，我们的进步有赖于两个不同的科学方面。
C. 然而，很多人相信，我们的进步有赖于不同科学的两个方面。
D. 然而，很多人相信，我们的进步有赖于不同的两个科学方面。
4. But there have been negative effects also, standing on a sandy beach at the mouth of the Rosetta branch of the Nile, I was puzzled by what seemed a ghost town.
A. 但是也有不良的后果。站在洛塞塔河口的沙滩上——尼罗河的一个支流，仿佛我看见了一座鬼城，令人毛骨悚
然。
B. 但是也有不良的后果。洛塞塔河是尼罗河的一个支流，我站在河口的沙滩上，仿佛看见了一座鬼城，令人毛骨
悚然。
C. 但是也有不良的后果。站在洛塞塔河口的沙滩上——尼罗河的一个支流，我仿佛看见了一个被人遗弃的小镇，
感到迷惑不解。
D. 但是也有不良的后果。洛塞塔河是尼罗河的一个支流，我站在河口的沙滩上，看见了一个仿佛被人遗弃的小镇，
感到迷惑不解。
5. Secondly, we embarked on a reasoned policy to ensure steady economic growth, the modernization of industry, and a proper balance between public and private expenditure.
A. 第二，我们采取了深思熟虑的政策，以保证经济的稳步发展、工业的现代化以及公私支出之间的适当平衡。
B. 第二，我们采取了合情合理的政策，以保证经济的稳步发展、工业的现代化以及公私支出之间的适当平衡。
C. 第二，我们采取了理智通达的政策，以保证经济的稳步发展、工业的现代化以及公私支出之间的适当平衡。
D. 第二，我们采取了明事晓理的政策，以保证经济的稳步发展、工业的现代化以及公私支出之间的适当平衡。
6. 一切文学家、艺术家只有联系群众，表现群众，把自己当作群众忠实的代言人，他们的工作才有意义。
Which of the following translation versions is NOT correct?
A. No writers or artists can do any significant work unless they are closely linked with the masses, give expressions to
their thoughts and feelings, and serve them as loyal spokesmen.
B. All writers and artists only link with masses, express masses and speak loyally for masses, their work can be significant.
C. Only by being closely linked with masses, expressing their thoughts and feelings and serving them as loyal spokesmen
can writers and artists do any significant work.
D. Writers or artists can’t do any significant work if they are not closely linked with masses, portrait them or serve them as
loyal spokesmen.
7. 合营者的注册资本如果转让必须经合营各方同意。
A. In case any of the joint venturers wishes to assign his registered capital, he must obtain the consent of the other
partners.
B. The registered capital if assigned must be agreed by all the partners to the venture.
C. In ease the registered capital of the joint venturers wishes to be assigned, it must obtain the consent of the other
partners.
D. The registered capital if assigning must be agreed by all the partners to the venture.
8. 在不断增加粮食生产的基础上，河南省的农民正在进一步发展多种经济。
A. On the basis of steadily developing grain production, farmers in Henan Province are further diversifying their economy.
B. Based on steadily developing grain production, farmers in Henan Province are further diversifying their economy.
C. As steadily developing grain production, farmers in Henan Province are further expanding their diversified economy.
D. Like steadily developing grain production, farmers in Henan Province are further expanding their diversified economy.
9. 人们跑来跑去，显然发生了不寻常的事情。
A. People ran back and forth, obviously, something unusual had happened.
B. People were running back and forth. Obviously, something unusual had happened.
C. People were running back and forth. Obviously, something unusual had been happened.
D. People ran back and forth, obviously, something unusual had been happened.
10. 昨晚上她发高烧，一会儿热，一会儿冷!脸上红得像抹了胭脂。
A. Last night, she ran a fever, burning hot one moment and icy cold the next. Face as red as rouge.
B. Last night, she ran a fever, sometimes hot and sometimes cold. Her face was as red as if she put some rouge on it.
C. Last night, she ran a fever, burning hot one moment and icy cold the next. Her face was as red as if she put some rouge
on it.
D. Last night, she ran a fever, sometimes hot and sometimes cold. Face as red as rouge.
B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the one that best completes each statement. (Please write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet. )
11. ______认为，“凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿。”
A.瞿秋白
B.赵景深
C.鲁迅
D.郭沫若
12. 用严复提出的标准来衡量他译的《天演论》，可以看出他对______十分重视，但对______并不十分重视。
A.“信”……“雅”
B.“雅”……“信”
C.“信”……“达”
D.“雅”……“达”
13. According to Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber, “if all languages differ in form, then quite naturally the forms must be altered if one is to preserve the______.”
A. literal meaning
B. content
C. contextual meaning
D. construction
14. 王佐良在《翻译中的文化比较》一文中谈及了译者的“文化意识”问题。他认为翻译者必须______。
A. “是一个真正意义上的文化人”
B. “养成认真负责、谦虚谨慎的学风”
C. 具有逻辑分析这张“王牌”
D. 注意由于中西思维方式不同而造成的英汉语言的各种差异
15. 原文：绝对不许违反这个原则。
译文：No violation of this principle can be tolerated.
对原文中的黑体部分，此句的译者采用的主要翻译技巧是______。
A.减词
B.从抽象到具体
C.词类转换
D.从具体到抽象
Ⅱ. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point for each)
A. Directions: Turn the following words and phrases into Chinese. (Please write your answer on the answer sheet.)
16. exclusive right 17. A1-Qaeda
18. livestock raiser 19. epicenter
20. bear market 21. arable land
22. CPI 23. historic sites
24. bull’s-eye 25. urban dweller
B. Directions: Turn the following words and phrases into English. (Please write your answer on the answer sheet.)
26.文学界27.节能减排28.火炬接力29.一项长期的战略任务
30.法律咨询31.反腐败32.畅销书33.自然资源
34.海峡两岸关系35.双赢
Ⅲ. Translation Revision (20 points, 2 points for each)
A. Directions: Correct or improve the translation of the following sentences. (Please write your revised translation on the answer sheet.)
Example:
原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.
译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。
改译：阿德莱德属地中海型气候。
36. 原文：It’s true that many new homes are rising in many old cornfields. But for the most part, life in the vast area of
American heartland remains pretty much the same as it was 30 or 40 years ago.
译文：诚然，往昔的玉米地里矗立起一座座住宅。但大体上，美国中部广大地区的生活依然很美好，恰如三四十年前一样。
37. 原文：The importance of this conference cannot be overestimated.
译文：这次会议的重要性不能被过分强调。
38. 原文：While digging in the hills, some settlers perceived the region’s farming and stock-raising possibilities.
译文：在山区采矿的同时，有些移民已经看到这些地区的农业和畜牧业的可能性。
39. 原文：The annual total of telephone calls between UK and Canada has increased seven times.
译文：英国和加拿大之间的年通话总量增长了七倍。
40. 原文：In the evening, after the banquet, the concert and the exhibition, the premier would work on the drafting of
documents.
译文：晚上，在宴会、音乐会和展览以后，总理还得起草公文。
B. Directions: Correct or improve the translation of the following sentences. (Please write your revised translation on the answer sheet.)
Example:
原文：能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。
译文：To write a preface to the collection of his essays gives me a great honor.
改译：I find it a great honor to write a preface to the collection of his essays.
41. 原文：上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。
译文：People from Shanghai are easy to understand Suzhou dialect, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.
42. 原文：我们的目标是把中国建设成为一个社会主义现代化强国。
译文：Our goal is to build China into a socialist, modern powerful country.
43. 原文：发动机并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。
译文：The engine stopped not because the fuel was used up.
44. 原文：我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作。
译文：I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, and he has also fulfilled his assigned work ahead of schedule.
45. 原文：农村发展的问题就是在这样的基础上提出来的。
译文：The issue of countryside development has raised on such a basis.
IV. Passage Translation (30 points)
A. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (Please write your translation on the answer sheet.) (15 points)
46.
Adelaide contains many fine examples of early Australian architecture, including the town hall on King William Street —the wide main N-S thoroughfare. Built from designs by E.W. Wright, a former mayor of the city, the town hall’s foundation stone was laid in 1863.
The city contains many statues and seven fountains. The most spectacular fountain, completed in 1968, is in Victoria Square, the centre of the city’s business section. Its three-sided design, with 34 jets of water and aluminium sculptures, represents the three rivers from which Adelaide draws its water—the Murray (墨累河), the Torrens (托伦斯河) and the Onkaparinga (昂卡帕令加河). Parklands, which separate the city and the suburbs, are preserved in perpetuity for the use of the people.
From 1960, when the first Adelaide Festival of Arts was held, Adelaide gained a reputation as Austra lia’s cultural centre. As an artistic event, a stimulus to the creative and performing arts in Australia, the Festival has introduced many world-famous artists to millions of Australians.
B. Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (Please write your translation on the answer sheet.) (15 points)
47.
中国是世界上最大的国家之一，她的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在我们这片广大的领土上，广阔的肥田沃地，是我们的衣食之源；纵横全国的大小山脉，生长着茂密的森林，贮藏着丰富的矿产；众多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟楫和灌溉之利；而漫长的海岸线，为我们与海外各民族交往提供方便。自古以来，我们的祖先就劳动、生息、繁殖在这块广大的土地之上。
全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试
英语翻译试题课程代码：00087
请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)
A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.
1. The image of a sudden wall of dark water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind.
A. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了。这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。
B. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。
C. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了。这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。
D. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。
2. He occasionally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in
particular.
A. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没。
B. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。
C. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是肯定了某一个意见，其实他心里头可并没。
D. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是肯定了某一个意见，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。
3. In the winter of wet years the streams ran full-freshet, and they swelled the river until sometimes it raged and boiled, bank
full, and then it was a destroyer.
A. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，直到有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，它就成了祸害。
B. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，直到有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。
C. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。
D. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，河有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。
4. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore.
A. 鲸鱼被杀死之后，鲸脂被剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。
B. 鲸鱼杀死之后，鲸脂剥下来被熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。
C. 鲸鱼杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。
D. 鲸鱼被杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。
5. While we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.
A. 虽然我们不能缩短双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。
B. 在我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟的同时，我们能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。
C. 既然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们就能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。
D. 虽然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。
6. 我最恨那些欺名盗世、欺骗读者的谎言。
A. That I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.
B. Whatever I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.
C. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers they deceive the public with their lies.
D. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.
7. 虽然还没有中国共产党，但是已经有了大批的赞成俄国革命的具有初步共产主义思想的知识分子。
A. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, but there were already large numbers of
intellectuals who approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.
B. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals
who approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.
C. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals
they approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.
D. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of
intellectuals whom approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.
8. 北海公园原是历代封建帝王的“御花园”，总面积共有68.2公顷。
A. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covers an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.
B. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covers an area of 68.2 hectares, being the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.
C. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, which was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.
D. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.
9. 中国山区面积占国土总面积的70%。
A. Mountainous areas account for 70 percent of China’s total territory.
B. Mountainous areas account of 70 percent of China’s total territory.
C. Mountainous areas count for 70 percent of China’s total territory.
D. Mountainous areas count of 70 percent of China’s total territory.
10. 鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品。
A. An equity joint venture shall encourage to market its products outside China.
B. An equity joint venture shall encourage its products sold outside China.
C. An equity joint venture shall be encouraged to market its products outside China.
D. An equity joint venture shall be encouraged to market its products over China.
B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes each statement.
11. 著名的“信、达、雅”翻译标准是我国近代翻译家______提出来的。
A. 林纾
B. 周煦良
C. 钱钟书
D. 严复
12. 关于语序的论述，下列说法中正确的是______。
A. 英语有时态，可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙事多靠并
列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是时间顺序和逻辑顺序。
B. 英语叙事多靠并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是时间顺序和逻辑顺序；而汉语有时态，可以通过动词的
变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句。
C. 英语有时态，可以通过时间顺序和逻辑顺序显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙
事多靠并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是动词的使用。
D. 英语有时态，可以通过并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是动词的使用显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英
语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙事多靠时间顺序和逻辑顺序。
13. 傅雷的翻译主张是______。
A. 重形似不重神似
B. 既重形似也重神似
C. 重神似不重形似
D. 既不重形似也不重神似
14. 下面关于Saint Jerome的翻译观点，正确的是______。
A. I have always aimed at translating sense, not words.
B. I have always aimed at translating words, not sense.
C. I have always aimed at translating both sense and words.
D. I have always aimed at translating neither sense nor words.
15. 原文：“I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal
existence!”“Madre snaturale,”he replied.
译文：“我的孙子孙女有七十二个，要是每离开一个都要难过，我的生活可就太痛苦了。”听了这话，老先生竟说，
“这个做母亲的真怪呀！”
本句中画线部分运用的主要翻译方法是：______.
A. 反译
B. 减词
C. 增词
D. 省略
II. Words and phrases translation（20 points，1 point for each）
A. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese.
16. VIP17. arteries of communication 18. annual flood
19. global economy 20. maternal grandmother
21. Gone with the Wind 22. in one’s early teens
23. the Arctic Ocean 24. to enact legislation
25. magnificent dinner
B. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English.
26. 大思想家27. 第一次世界大战28. 文物
29. 宜农荒地30. 儿童文学31. 初冬
32. 中国大戏院33. 可持续发展战略34. 平等互利原则35. 归根到底
III. Translation Revision（20 points，2 points for each）
A. Directions: Each of the following translated sentences is inadequate. Revise the given versions.
Example:
原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.
译文：阿德莱德享有地中海气候。
改译：阿德莱德属地中海气候。
36. 原文：The school education at the time could only dull an inventive mind.
译文：当时的学校教育只能让创造的心灵愚钝。
37. 原文：On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality.
译文：代表你们的所有美国客人，我向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。
38. 原文：When he had climbed the hill above the field he looked back. He could see the white shapes of the girls dancing
on the grass.
译文：只要他爬上小山，就回头向下看。似乎能看到姑娘们的白色身影在草地上舞动。
39. 原文：The liver oil is given to those people who need certain vitamins.
译文：鱼肝油是给那些缺乏维生素的人服用的。
40. 原文：More than eight years have passed since Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and I joined hands to establish full
diplomatic relations between our two nations.
译文：自从邓小平副总理和我共同建立我们两国之间的圆满外交关系以来，已经八年多了。
B. Directions: Each of the following translated sentences is inadequate. Revise the given versions.
Example:
原文：中国在任何情况之下决不首先使用核武器。
译文：At no time China will be the first to use nuclear weapons.
改译：At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
41. 原文：孟母靠织布来维持生计。
译文：Meng’s mother lived on weaving.
42. 原文：祈年殿于1545年改建为一座镏金宝顶的三重檐圆殿。
译文：The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest was rebuilt into round-shaped hall with triple eaves and gilded ball on the top in 1545.
43. 原文：我坐在宫门台阶上，欣赏宫门口那一座大花坛，花坛里栽的是红、黄、白、紫四色分明的盛开的郁金香。
译文：I sat on the steps at the entrance of the palace, enjoying the big flower beds near the gate filled with blooming tulips of distinctive red, yellow, white and purple.
44. 原文：我从头到脚淋成个落汤鸡了。
译文：I was drenched from head to foot like a wet chick.
45. 原文：合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律，法令和有关条例规定。
译文：All activities of a joint venture should comply with the provisions of the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China.
IV. Paragraph Translation (30 points)
A. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15 points)
46. President Clinton realized —as all of us must —that today’s economy is global. We live in an era in which
information, goods and capital speed around the globe, every hour of every day. Whether we like it or not, all of our fortunes are tied together. We are truly interdependent.
America supports international trade because we believe fundamentally that trade will enrich those nations who embrace its discipline. The great promise of trade is its potential to promote mutual prosperity — and to strengthen the bonds between sovereign nations.
The U. S. and China both demonstrate the potential of trade to improve the lives of our people. You know better than I the great achievements of the Chinese economy over the past two decades.
B. Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (15 points)
47. 生命中不是只有快乐，也不是只有痛苦，快乐和痛苦是相生相成，互相衬托的。
快乐是一抹微云，痛苦是压城的乌云，这不同的云彩，在你生命的天边重叠着，在“夕阳无限好”的时候，就给你造成一个美丽的黄昏。
一个生命到了“只是近黄昏”的时节，落霞也许会使人留恋，惆怅。但人类的生命是永不止息的。地球不停
地绕着太阳自转。
全国2008年4月高等教育自学考试
英语翻译试题课程代码：00087
本试卷共6页,满分100分,考试时间150分钟。
Ⅰ．Multiple Choice Questions (30 points,2 points for each)
A. Directions:This part consists of ten sentences ,each followed by four different versions marked A,B,C and
D.Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness and write the
第九讲高中英语翻译技巧与能力训练(上)[讲义]
高考英语翻译技巧与能力训练 高考英语中的翻译（中译英）题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想，是一种要求相当高的考查形式。要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达习惯的英语句子，并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一个信息。该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。 高考评分标准: 1．每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；2．语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。 如何才能提高中译英水准，在高考中获得理想的分数呢？考生除了必须具备比较扎实的语言基础外，关键还在于学会总结规律，找准中译英的切入点。 一、分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型 中文必须仔细读，一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字或关键的词组，也就是我们常说的key words。尤其是最后两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。读什么？读出句子结构：对于简单句，辨别出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。一般来说，中译英的句型可分为三大类：1.简单句；2.并列句；3.复合句；同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。回顾近几年的高考试题时，也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。如：It句型(近几年考得较为频繁)、倒装句、with结构。 例1: 昨天我的电脑坏了。(wrong) 解析：本题考查：1)简单句There be结构；2)wrong的用法；3)中英文表达的差异。 译句：There was something wrong with my computer yesterday. 例2: 遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是互相帮助。(not…but) 解析：本题考查：1)复合句：when引导的状语从句；what引导的主语从句；2)not…but结构；3)“彼此埋怨”的英文翻译。 译句：When(we are)in difficulty/When we meet with difficulties/When we have difficulties ,what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other. 例3：我们能做什么来阻止这种疾病蔓延呢？（prevent） 分析：如果有学生没有读全中文原句的话，就很有可能看成是以前所做的“我们要做些什么来阻止这种疾病的蔓延”，而译为We should do something to prevent the spread of this disease.因为这个原因而造成扣分，就太不应该了。 译句：What can we do to prevent the spread of this disease? 例4：他很有可能通过自己的努力得到驾驶执照。（likely） 译句：He is likely to get the driving license with his own efforts. 分析：有些学生一看到有可能，就会想到自己比较熟悉的possible，想当然地翻译成It is possible that…的结构。其实，学生对likely这个key word的使用也是会的，完全能够使用be likely to do或It’s likely th at…的结构。 例5：上海近几年经历了许多变化，如今已成为世界闻名的经济中心。（go through） 分析：乍一看，学生很容易轻易下笔，Shanghai has gone through…,it has become…，这已成为很多学生的一个习惯，句子和句子中随便用逗号隔开，英语不像中文，必须要考虑到句子的结构，逗号也不能随意使用。而此句中，就要想到用并列句中的连接词and来连接两个成分。
英语翻译重点词汇词组
英语翻译重点词汇词组 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场
foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇（２） major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机 warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战 minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学 environmental Law环保法 wildlife 野生生物
英语翻译
第一单元 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的"圣人"（sage）。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（The Analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community. 第二单元 每年农历（Chinese lunar calendar）八月十五是我国的传统节日——中秋节（the Mid-Autumn Festival）。这时是一年秋季的中期，所以被称为中秋。中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。夜晚，人们赏明月、吃月饼，共庆中秋佳节。中秋节也是家庭团圆的时刻，远在他乡的游子，会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。中秋节的习俗很多，都寄托着人们对美好生活的热爱和向往。自2008年起，中秋节成为中国的法定节假日。 According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival — the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating
论文：浅析英语翻译能力提升的障碍和策略
论文：浅析英语翻译能力提升的障碍和策略摘要：翻译能力是英语综合能力的重要组成部分，也是英语专业学生必需具备的基本能力。要全面提升英语翻译能力，需要了解英汉两种文化的差异性，具备深厚的语言功底，掌握熟练的翻译技巧。 关键字：英语翻译能力；提升；障碍；策略 中西文化差异是影响英语翻译能力提升的重要因素，除了文化因素外，英语翻译能力的提升还受到其他因素的影响，本文将进一步的展开叙述影响英语翻译能力提升的障碍及其相应的策略。 一、影响英语翻译能力提升的障碍 1．中西文化的差异性容易造成英语翻译误会 英语翻译就是汉语和英语相互转换的过程，这个过程不仅仅是一种语言现象，也体现了跨文化现象。具体来说，中西方的文化差异体现在文化传统、生活习惯、价值观念和思维方式等方面，而这些层面的差异性往往会造成人们对同一事物有着不同的理解和解释，因此不同文化的差异性容易造成英语翻译的误会。比如，生活中最常见的信封的写法，在中国，习惯的书写顺序是国名，省、市、县、街道，最后才是收信人姓名。而在西方国家信封的书写顺序恰好相反。因此在学习英语知识的同时，需要更加注意对英语文化知识的了解和掌握。
2．语言基础知识掌握不扎实，影响了翻译的准确性 英语翻译就是英汉两种语言之间的相互转换，在转换的过程中主要涉及两个方面，首先翻译者要正确地领悟原文的意思，其次要通过译文将原文确切的表达出来，达到“信达雅”的标准。因此翻译者需要牢固地掌握英汉两种语言。但是由于多方面的因素，翻译者的语言基础知识掌握不扎实，很多翻译者的词汇量太少，经常背了忘，而又不重视巩固复习，或者死记硬背不会灵活运用，此外，语法掌握也不扎实，对一些基本的句型模棱两可，不能正确理解更不会运用。 二、提升英语翻译能力的具体策略 1．通过词汇、语法和阅读，了解中西文化之间的差异性 在英语的学习中，提高英语翻译能力，不仅要加强英语语言知识的学习，还要注重对英语文化知识的了解。具体来说，可以通过词汇、语法以及阅读等的学习获取英语文化知识。 首先，通过词汇的学习了解中西文化知识。词汇是英语语言的基本元素，掌握词汇的过程中，仅仅注重词汇正确的拼写和准确的发音是远远不够的，更主要的是学会如何恰当的运用词汇和组织词汇。因此，在背诵英语词汇意思的基础之上还需要进一步了解词汇产生的文化背景知识，尤其是了解习语、谚语和成语这一类词语的文化内涵、感情色彩以及
(完整版)2019英语六级翻译重点词汇
2019英语六级翻译重点词汇 一、经济类 总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy 货币投放量the size of money supply 流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热overheated economy
2018英语翻译知识点复习考点归纳总结
1.Sandy is wearing a long, black, silk dress.桑迪穿了条黑色的长丝裙。 43. I came to London when I was 18. 我18岁的时候来到伦敦。 44. It takes 45 minutes to get to the city centre from the hotel. 宾馆到市中心需要花45分钟时间。 One of the biggest sporting events in the world is the Olympic Games. 奥运会是世界上规模最大的体育比赛之一 41. While she was waiting, her phone rang.她正在等待的时候，电话铃响了 42. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 43. We have enough money to improve the website.我们有足够的钱改进网站。 44. 1 had the windows cleaned yesterday.昨天我请人把窗户给擦了。 45. He came across an old violin at his friend's house.他在朋友家偶然发现了一把旧提琴。 41．She borrowed the book and gave it back on Monday． 她借了那本书，后来星期一把书还了。 45．He used tO play basketball every Sunday．他以前每个周日都打篮球。 41．Football is played by more than 20 million people in more than l40 countries· 超过140个国家的2000多万人都踢足球。 42．I’ve got the same sense of humour as my mum·我和我妈妈一样，有幽默感 43．He got on well with his classmates． 他和同学关系处得很好 44．He used tO work very hard when he was youn9． 他年轻的时候工作非常努力。 45．My family is putting me up at the moment，but I am thinking of buying my own flat．我现在跟家人住在一起，但是我正考虑买一套公寓自己住 41．He got on well with his sister． 他和他的姐／妹相处得很好 44．That box is too heavy for her to carry home．那个盒子太重了，她抬回家。 41. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影 非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 43. I need to be at the airport by 6.00 o’clock.我得在六点前到达机场。 44. I must have left the camera in a shop.我一定是把相机丢在那家商 店里了。 31. We have enough money to improve the website. 我们有足够的钱改进网站。 45. The accounts, which are in a bit of a mess, have to be ready for next month. 帐目现在有点乱，必须要在下个月清理好。 32. Do you take after your mother or father?你像你的母亲或父亲吗？ 35. I’ve been learning English for three years. 我已经学英语3年了33. I have to move out of my room on Friday because Franco has got another tenant. 我周五得从房子里搬出来，因为佛朗哥又招了一位房客。 35.would be great to see you to catch up on all our news. 到时见了面咱们把这些日子发生的事聊一聊，会多开心啊。 :33. They enjoyed themselves at the party. 他们在聚会上玩的很愉快 34.She doesn’t like swimming and neither does her sist er. 她不喜欢游泳，她妹妹也不喜欢 32. He used to play basketball every Sunday( 每个星期天他常常去打篮球 31. He studies in a university west of Beijing. 他在北京西部的一个大学学习 :32. He came across an old painting at his friend’s house. 他在他朋友家看到了一幅旧画 33. She would buy a large house if she won the lottery. 如果她中了彩票，她就买一幢大房子 :35. Both of the boys are good at singing. 这两个男孩都擅长唱歌 34. The flat was in a bit of mess. 公寓里一片狼籍 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 44. Your neighbour says your flat was burgled this afternoon. .休的邻居说你的房子今天下午被盗了。 45. I haven't got a car, and nowhere to live. My family is putting me up at the mom 我没有车，也没有地方住。现在跟家人住一起。 44. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long. 虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 1.I can’t find the key.I must have left it in the car. 我找不到钥匙了，我肯定将它丢在车上了。 2.Polly is worried about her lack of experience. 波利担心自己缺乏经验。 3.she needs to return the book by next Friday 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 42. Polly(波莉) is worried about her lack of experience. 波莉担心自己缺乏经验。 43. She needs to return the hook by next Friday. 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 41. He got on well with his sister.
翻译重点
被动语态翻译法 1) 变为汉语的主动形式。 Eg： It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。 2) 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。 Eg： For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助，它却不应该被看作是基本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。 Eg： How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.这些预测将在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实取决于所用信息的数量、可靠程度、适宜程度以及用来解释这些信息的技巧与才智。 3) 增添“人们”、“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。 Eg： And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程想比较，他们并认为这些思维过程必须经过某中专门训练才能掌握。 Eg： During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。 分译法 英语长句子比较多，汉语句子相对而言比较短。在翻译时可以改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来，译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。 Eg: It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。 合译法 和分译法不同，合译法是将不同的句子成分组合在一起，使其更符合汉语的表达方法。Eg: Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.他们说科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普遍的东西。(将英语的一个句子结构翻译成一个词组) Eg： When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励，而不是遭到嘲笑。(When that happens, it is not a mistake原来是两个句子，现在组合成一个简洁的汉语句子。)
英语翻译
1.苹果公司(Apple Inc)不仅在中国有生产线，其产品在中国市场的销量也一片大好。对中 国消费者来说，苹果是最受推崇的品牌之一。2012年调查人员发现，苹果生产的电子产品在北京的一所精英中学的渗透度比在美国城市的一所精英中学还要广。目前，中国有 2.7亿人已经能买得起苹果手机，随着收入的提高，每年还会增加5700万人。简而言之， 苹果的产品目前在中国的销售速度非常快而且甚至可能更快。一些业内专家预测，几年之内中国将超过美国成为苹果最大的市场。（199） Apple Inc. not only has production lines in China, its sales there are also booming. For Chinese consumers, Apple is one of their most admired brands. A survey in 2012 by researchers found that the penetration of electronic products from the company at an elite high school in Beijing was greater than that at one in an American city. At present, 270 million people in China can already afford Apple’s products, and as income increases, each year there will be another 57 million able to. In short, Apple’s products are selling fast and likely to sell even faster in China. Some industry experts predict that China will overtake America to become Apple’s larg est market within a few years. 生产线a production line 最受推崇的品牌the most admired brand 渗透度penetration 电子产品an electronic product 精英中学an elite high school 可能be likely to 预测predict 超过overtake 2.自上世纪70年代末以来，中国许多最优秀人才赴海外留学，但学成归国的只有少数。中 国人才流失(brain drain)现象严重。面对全球化的世界，中国有越来越多的工作需要具备国际教育背景的人才。因此国家开展了一系列的引进海外人才的项目，成功的吸引了越来越多的留学生回国进入国企、教育机构和商业园区工作。如今，每年都有超过15万的海外留学生回国。他们将中国经济与世界相连，从商业、政治以及流行文化上着手，帮助中国走向世界。（191） Many of China's best and brightest talents have left to study abroad since the late 1970s, however, only a minority have returned. The country experienced a serious brain drain. Faced with a globalized world, more and more jobs in China need skilled people with international education background. China, therefore, launches a series of projects aimed at the introduction of overseas talents, which has successfully attracted more and more students abroad back home to work in state companies, educational institutions and business districts. Now, more than 150 thousand overseas students come back every year. They link China’s economy to the world, helping to connect China to commerce, politics and popular culture abroad. 海外人才overseas talents 全球化世界globalized world 开展launch 一系列 a series of 国企state companies 教育机构educational institutions 商业园区business districts 相连link …to
浅议英语翻译能力的培养-文档资料
浅议英语翻译能力的培养 高等学校很注重培养英语专业学生的翻译能力。要具备一定的翻译能力，学生必须具有深厚的语言功底?p广博的文化知识?p熟练的翻译技巧?p正确的翻译观念和严谨的翻译态度。因此，要培养和提高英语专业学生的翻译能力，教师应该从以下几个方面入手。 一?p掌握好汉语和英语的基础知识 翻译是一个语言转换的过程。从根本上讲，这个过程要解决两个问题：一是如何深刻地理解原文；二是如何用译文确切地表达原文的意思。因此，译者要较好地掌握英语和汉语两种语言，具备较强的语言理解能力和表达能力，这是做好翻译的前提条件。 从语言学角度讲，英语和汉语之间最大的区别莫过于形合和意合的区别。英语是重形合的语言，即英语中词语或句子间的连接主要依靠连接词来完成。汉语是重意合的语言，即汉语中词语或句子间的连接主要依靠语义或句子之间的逻辑关系来完成。例如“他今天没来，母亲住院了”（Hedidnotcometodaybecausehis mother was hospitalized），在这个例子中，汉语原文在表达因果关系时，没有使用任何表示因果关系的词汇，但是读者一看就能理解。然而，在翻译成英语的时候，必须加上连接词because，否则就会出现语法错误。二?p积累广博的文化知识 翻译材料涉及面极广，学生要具备渊博的知识。具体来说，文学性的翻译需要学生具备广博的文化知识，科技翻译需要学生具备相关的专业知识。另外，学生还要掌握大量的习语和俚语，这样在翻译时才不会被句子的字面意义所迷惑。如“I decidedto sit at his feet”这句话的字面意思是“我决定坐在他的脚上”，但实际上，“sit at his feet”是一个习语，表示“拜他为师”。 三?p培养严谨的翻译态度 英语和汉语的句子结构复杂，词汇意义也复杂多变，在翻译中出现错误是难以避免的，但是教师应该让学生尽量避免错误，避免粗枝大叶，望文生义。此外，学生在翻译时还应多关注细节，如单词的拼写?p标点符号?p小词等。例如，“中国政府”应该翻译成Chinese government还是the Chinese government这
英语自考本科翻译重点词汇
fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河 Industrial Revolution 工业革命 dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的 cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业 Department of Agriculture 农业部门 the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失 Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候 surveyor general 测量总监 sovereign nation 主权国家 aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户 economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场 foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机
英语自考本科翻译重点词汇
英语自考本科翻译重点词汇
fellow countrymen 同胞militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河 Industrial Revolution 工业革命 dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的 cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业 Department of Agriculture 农业部门 the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失 Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候 surveyor general 测量总监 sovereign nation 主权国家 aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户 economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场 foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量
英语翻译
一、第一集—Heart of the Dragon 二、第二集—Shangri-La 三、第三集—Tibet It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups and a wide range of traditional lifestyles, often in close partnership with nature. We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems. But there is great beauty here, too. China is home to the world's highest mountains, vast deserts ranging from searing hot to mind-numbing cold. Steaming forests harbouring rare creatures. Grassy plains beneath vast horizons. And rich tropical seas. Now for the first time ever, we can explore the whole of this great country, meet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live here and consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of China to the remarkable landscape in which they live. 这里是五十多个民族的故乡，有着各式各样贴近自然的传统生活方式。我们都知道中国面对着着众多社会、环境问题。但这里也存在着令人惊叹的美丽。中国有着世界最高山峰，无垠的沙漠，从令人窒息的炙热到麻木大脑的寒冷，那蒸笼般的森林中隐匿各种珍稀生物，天际下广阔无垠的草原以及富饶的热带海洋。现在，我们第一次有机会深入探索这片伟大的土地，接触栖息于此的珍奇生物，思考中国这片神奇土地上人与野生世界的关系。 This vertical gorge in Guizhou Province is a focal point for the region's wildlife. This is one of the world's rarest primates, Francois'
考研英语怎样提高翻译能力
考研英语：怎样提高翻译能力？ 在英语翻译备考中，许多人总想一步登天，跨考教育英语教研室的孟老师在此着重强调，须知任何能力(包括英语翻译在内)的提升必定要经过反复练习的过程。当然，练习是有方法可循的，比如系统学习翻译的方法、原理、固定句式和译法、多学习比较优秀的译文等等。 要做好翻译其实并不是机械地在大量的词库句库中搜求配对，片面追求字面的精准，而是对信息的传达。这就要求译者不仅对源语言有准确的理解，并且对于目标语言也要有优秀的表达能力。很多时候你能明白一整段的意思，却觉得不能自如组织成书面汉语，是因为其实你的汉语表达能力也不够。 提高汉语表达能力，建议可以从经典作品的译本和各大电影字幕组的翻译作品中学习。前者的翻译作品比较严谨传神;后者则生动俏皮，富有时代气息。在学习这些资料时，并不是说某句英文只有资料里的一种翻译方法，以后碰到这句话就直接照搬照抄译文，资料只是辅助，要学习的是其中的思路和方法。 另外，不要太拘泥于所谓的翻译理论。语法和理论都是随着时代的更迭不断更新的，比如当下不断涌现出的各种新词汇，必须与时俱进。 翻译最重要的一点，就是对文章的理解，要彻底读懂文章想表达的思想，甚至尝试去体会原作者的想法，才能翻译出更贴切、更符合原文的译文。 所以，总结起来，你需要经历三个阶段： 首先，语法学好，能正确理解句子; 第二，接受系统的翻译训练，学会翻译方法; 第三，就在提高汉语能力形成地道的表达 你可以一边学习方法和原理、多加练习，一边做语言功底上的积累，才谓标本兼治的“有效”;至于“快速”，其实是你有多勤奋的问题——假设可以使你熟能生巧、从量变达到质变的那个量是一定的。 现在的你达到那个阶段了呢??? 综上就是小编给大家提供的高分技巧，技巧就是牢固的知识点和强悍的答题思路，预祝所有