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现在完成时讲解(详细、简单)

现在完成时讲解(详细、简单)
现在完成时讲解(详细、简单)

二、用法二:表示从过去开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。现在有可能停止,或有可能继续延续下去。常与for(+时间段

...或过去时的句子

......)连用。

...),since(+时间点

对for 和since引导的时间状语提问,用“how long”

例:He has learned English for 2 years. 他已经学了两年英语了。

He has learned English since 2012. -从2012年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢

(所以有时候for 和since引导的时间状语,可以转换!)

时间状语有:

①for+时段(长达多久)I have taught English for 19 years。

②since+过去一个时间点(自从……以来)He has been at this school since 1986.

③since+时间段+ago(自从...以前)I have known him since 20 years ago.

④since+从句(过去时

...)I have lived here since I was born.

注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时

I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)

练习:

1、We have been friends since ______.

A. children

B. five years

C. five years ago

D. five years before

2、Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.

A. since last week

B. a week ago

C. for a week

D. since a week ago

3、6. I _____ at this school for two years.

A. am studying

B. study

C. studied

D. have studied

4、They _________ in the city since last summer.

A. liv e

B. didn’t live

C. have lived

D. live

5、Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992.

A. since

B. from

C. after

D. in

6、---How long have you been here? --- ____ last month.

A. For

B. Until

C. Before

D. Since

7、We have lived here _______ five years ago.

A. when B.since C.before D.after

8、His brother has been to Stone Forest twice ______ he came to Yunnan.

A.after B.before C.since D.for

9、I _____________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999.

10. ---How long ______ the Smiths ________(stay)here? ---- For two weeks.

11、She ____________ (be) ill for three days.

12、--How long _____you __________(learn) English?

---For more than two years.

13、They _______________ (live) in China since they _____ (move) to China.

14、It _______(rain)for a week.

15、She _______(study)English since she was ten. She _______(begin)to study English when she was ten.

16、We _______(live)in Shanghai from 1989 to 1999. We _______(live)for 10 years.

17、He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问)

________ ________ ________ _________ learned English ?

18、We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)

We _______ _______ English ________ three years

19、He has lived here since 1999.(就划线部分提问)

_____ _____ _____ he_______ here?

20、Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.(同义句)

Mr. Li _______ _________ English in this school since 1999.

21、The factory opened ten years ago.(同义句)

The factory _______ ________ ______ for ten years.

22、His company closed in 2003. (同义句)

His company _____ _____ _____ _____ 2003.

23、We got to know each other for about 15 years. (同义句)

We _______ ________ each other _____ about 15 years.

三、注意:在现在完成时中与for 和since引导的时间状语,how long连用的动词必须为延续性动词。

1、延续动词表示经验、经历,动作或状态延续的过程(动作或状态可以延续);如be,have,know,live,work,study,learn,teach,keep,speak,talk,draw,wait,wear,walk,sleep,drive,write,do,clean等

例:I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里已经居住了5年了。

2、而动作从开始到结束就是一瞬间,这种动词叫做“瞬间动词”或非延续性动词或短暂性动词),不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。否则就自相矛盾!常见的有:come,go,arrive,reach,see,hear,close,open,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,get up,become,borrow,lend,find,finish,receive等。

例:He has come back.He has come back for two hours.(×)因为come 是瞬间动词。例:The door has opened .(√)The door has opened for 2 hours.(×)

例:She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的)

She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续)

She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).是团员的状态可持续)

六、当终止性动词(非延续性动词)与表示一段时间的状语(how long,since,for,all one’s life)相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:

(1)用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.

He has come back for two weeks.(错)改为:He came back two weeks ago.(正)

I have lost my bike for ten days. (错)改为:I lost my bike ten days ago. (正)

(2)用“It is / has been+时间+since+一般过去时态”句型来改写。

He has joined the League for 3 years. (错)It is 3 years since he joined the League.

I have bought the book for 5 days. (错)It is 5 days since I bought the book. (正)

He has died for 20 years. (错)It is 20 years since he died. (正)

(3)用“时间+has passed+since+一般过去时态”句型来改写。

He has left home for 20 years. 改为:Twenty years has passed since he left home.

He has lost his pen for 2 days. 改为:Two days has passed since he lost his pen.

(4)用系表结构来改写.

He has died for 20 years. 改为: He has been dead for 20 years.

The factory has opened since 1999. 改为:The factory has been open since 1999.

How long has he left? 改为:How long has he been away?

(5)用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。

He has bought the book for two weeks. 改为:He has had the book for two weeks.

常见的相应转换形式如下:

borrow / lend→keep, buy→have, finish / end→be over,

arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there,

begin / start→be on , open→be open , close→be closed, die→be dead ,

leave→be away(from), go to school→be in school / be a student,

get up→be up, fall asleep→be asleep , fall ill→be ill, get to know→know,

lose→be lost, become→be, return / come back / get back→be back,

join→be in / be a…member, join the army→be in the army /be a soldier,

receive / get a letter→have a letter , catch / get a cold→have a cold,

begin to study→study,

注意:1. have been to 强调“去过”,现已不在那里,如:He has been to the USA three times.

2. have gone to主要强调的是“去了”,现在人不在说话的现场,如:--Where's your mother? --你妈妈在哪?--She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了。

3. have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间,现仍在那里”,其后常带表示一段时间的状语。We have been in Xi'an for two weeks. 我们在西安呆了两个多星期。(现仍在西安)

How long have they been in China? 他们在中国呆了多长时间了?(仍在中国)

练习:

延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化

1.He died 10 years ago. --- He ____ ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.

2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. --- He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks.

3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month.

4. He arrived here three days ago. --- He ____ ____ here since three days ago.

5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. --- The light ____ ____ ____ for 2 hours.

6. He left here 2 years ago. --- He ____ ____ ____ from here for 2 years.

7. The film began 30 minutes ago. --- The film ____ ____ ____ for 30 minutes.

8. They opened the door an hour ago. --- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour.

9. They closed the door an hour ago. --- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour.

10. He joined the army last year. --- He ____ ____ a ____ for a year. --- He ____ ____ ____ the army for a year.

--- It ____ a year ____ he joined the army. 单项选择

1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.

A. joined

B. be in

C. been in

D. joined in

2. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.

A. has been to

B. has been in

C. has come to

D. came to

3. His father _______ for years.

A. has died

B. has been dead

C. died

D. Dies

4.---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it? ----Just five weeks.

A. will; buy

B. did; buy

C. are; having

D. have; had

5. I ______ this book for a week .I have to return it now.

A. borrowed

B. have borrowed

C. kept

D. have kept

6. ---How long have you _______ from the USA? ----For three months.

A. come back

B. returned

C. go back

D. been back

7. I _____ this book for half a year.

A. have bought

B. have had

C. bought

D. had

8.The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _______ for a year.

A. has left

B. has gone

C. has been away

D. has gone away

9.Jim Green ____ in China for two years.

A. has come

B. has been

C. has arrived

D. came

10. The film ____ for half an hour.

A. has been on

B. has begun

C. hasn’t begun

D. began

11.How long have you _______ this book?

A. bought B.borrowed C.had D.lent

12.His grandpa _______ for two years.

A.was died B.has been dead C.was dead D.has died

13.My father got there two days ago.(同义句)

My father ______ ______ ______ for two days.

14.John left Beijing three years ago. (同义句)

John_______ ______ ______ Beijing_____ three years

15. My father bought the car half a year ago. (同义句)

My father ______ ______ the car _______ half a year.

16.The film began ten minutes ago. (同义句)

The film _________ ________ _________ for ten minutes.

17.I borrowed this book two weeks ago. (同义句)

I _________ ________ this book for two weeks.

Have you got it ?

初中现在完成时态讲解带练习知识讲解

初中现在完成时态讲 解带练习

一.现在完成时的含义及用法 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型: 肯定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式: 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 此时,现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用,通常放在助动词之后,过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句,翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1.你已经找到你的书了吗? 2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3.Judy还没到达.

4.你吃过早饭了吗? 用法② 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子 ①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years. ②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. ③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month . ④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. ⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long ti me . ⑥She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee ____ years. ⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. 二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to “到过,去过”,表示曾经到过某处,但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to“去了”,表示已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in“呆在某处一段时间了” 三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词

现在完成时讲解

现在完成时间和现在完成进行时 一、现在完成时 1. 通常使用现在完成时的几种情况 (1)表示过去发生的事对现在的影响 Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad. (Justin 失踪在过去,但是Kelly 至今仍旧为他的失踪感到难过) (2)表示过去的动作一直延续到现在 I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night. (从上周五晚上到现在一直没有见到过Justin) (3)表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要 The boy has already come home. (男孩已经回家,但没有指出何时回家) (4)表示刚结束的动作 The police have just finished searching the area. (警方刚结束对该地区的搜查) (5)表示反复发生的动作 Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. (村民曾多次看到UFO) 2. 现在完成时的结构 现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。 3. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 (1)表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响,动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束,一般可用already (用于肯定句)、yet (用于否定和疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately 和never Tom has already come home. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. I’ve met the old man somewhere before. (2)表示从过去开始,并一直持续到现在,一般用for/since短语或由since 引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语,在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语,或表示过去时间的状语从句。 We haven’t seen him for two days/since last Monday. We haven’t seen him since he left Nanjing. 4. 现在完成时的应用 (1) 非持续性动词go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连 用,若要接用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词。如: He has left. 他走了。 He has been away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了。 Can I borrow that book? 我可以借那本书吗? How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可借多久? 注意:非持续性动词的否定完成时可与时间段状语连用。如: He has not borrowed the book since then. 从此以后,他再也没有借这本书了。 (2) have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那儿;have / has gone to表示现在已去 某地,现在不在这儿。如: He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去过加拿大,现在在我们公司工作。

【初中英语】现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习(1)

必备英语【初中英语】现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.The tall building here for 100 years. A. is B. was C. has been D. is been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】那幢高楼在这里已经有100年了。根据for 100 years可知“高楼在这里”是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在,要用现在完成时态,其谓语动词形式为have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时,平时应多归纳总结各种时态,语态和句式的结构及用法。 2.All the skirts .They very well. A. sold out;are sold B. sell out;have sold C. have been sold out;sell D. have sold out;sell 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:所有的裙子都卖完了,他们非常畅销。第一空sell out“卖完”,强调裙子已经被卖完的状态,本句用现在完成时的被动语态:has/have+been+过去分词,sell 的过去分词为sold;第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态,在此处表一直卖得很好的状态,用一般现在时。故选C。 【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态,注意sell的不同语态和用法。 3.The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010. A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态.句意"自2010以来,志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助.".A过去时.B现在完成时态.C现在进行时态.D一般将来时态.since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态,结构是have/has+动词的过去分词,主语是volunteers复数,用助动词have.offer的过去分词是offered.答案是B. 4.My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年,所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知,此句要用现在完成时,主语my father,助动词要用has,故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法,注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。

现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)

现在完成时讲解 一、构成: 肯定式:主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式:助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词? 否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 过去分词规则变化: a)一般情况下,直接加ed, (work---worked,water---watered, finish---finished等;) b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, (carry---carried study---studied等;) c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词,要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。(stop---stopped,shop---shopped) d)以不发音的e结尾的动词,只加d ( 过去分词不规则变化表: 二、用法: 用法一:表示过去(已经、曾经或从未)发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 标志词:①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before, ⑦once/twice/数字+ times 例:I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的,不需要打扫了) They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。) I have been there twice. a)already 往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气;yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 ?He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 ?Has he already left here? 他(真的)已经离开这里了吗?(表示加强语气) ?My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 ?Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗? b)never 是否定词,表示“从来没有”,而ever 表示“曾经” ?We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 ?Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗? c)just用于句中, 表示“刚刚” ?I’ve just had breakfast. 我刚吃完早饭。 ?What have they just done? 他们刚刚做了什么? d)before用于句末, 表示“以前” ?I’ve seen it before. 我以前见过它。 练习:用never,ever,already,before, just或yet填空。 1. I have __________seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has __________finished his homework. 3. --Have you _________seen the film? --No, I have ________seen it. 4. ---Has the bus left _______? ---Yes, it has ________ left. 5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there _________.

现在完成时知识讲解讲课教案

专项语法讲练——现在完成时 【概念引入】 如何学习时态?对中学生来说,最好还是从各个时态的基本概念、基本形式和基本用法学起。在过了这一阶段之后,再放开步伐,通过大量的听、读和笔头实践,获得感性的知识。现在,我们就从最基本的概念、形式和用法等方面来总结一种新的时态——现在完成时。 【用法讲解】 一、现在完成时的定义 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 二、现在完成时的构成 1. 肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have(has)+过去分词”。 注意:该句式中的have或has是助动词,has用于第三人称单数,其它人称一律用have。 2. 否定句: 现在完成时的否定句式是“haven’t(hasn’t)+过去分词”。 3. 疑问句: 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。回答用Yes, …have(has)./ No, …haven’t(hasn’t). 三、动词过去分词规则变化与不规则变化 (一) 规则变化 变化规则:与动词过去式规则相同。 1. 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look —looked 2. 以e结尾的动词,直接加d。move —moved 3. 以y结尾,y前面是辅音字母的动词,变y 为i,再加ed。carry —carried 4. 部分动词需双写尾字母,加ed。stop —stopped (二)不规则变化 不规则动词的变化因词而异。但是如果对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析,就可发现其中的“规则”。同学们在记忆时,可按下面的形式对教材后不规则动词表进行分析、整理。例如:AAB型 ABC 型 AAA型

现在完成时的用法讲解

现在完成时的讲解 对所学时态的回顾,引入现在完成时 通过数轴来概括讲解所学的四个时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时。(导入)有时候,这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如:表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”,以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时,我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。同样也用数轴来表示一下。 一现在完成时的构成:主语+ have/has + 过去分词 (过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。 eg .Ihavetaught Englishinthisschoolsince1999. 二、否定式:主语+ haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词。 疑问式:Have /Has + 主语+过去分词? 简略答语:Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定) No,主语+ haven’t/hasn’t.(否定) —Have you finishedyourwork? —Yes,I have. 三现在完成时的含义之一表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already/yet,just,never/ever,before,so far等连用。这些标志词可以表达这种含义. 1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例: 1)I've already read thisbook. 我已经读过这本书了。 (“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。) 2)I'vewashedmy clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。 (洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。) 注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例:

八年级下现在完成时全面知识点

八年级下现在完成时全 面知识点 Company Document number:WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998

一现在完成时概念及用法: 1 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和just(刚刚), already(已经),yet(已经),never(从不),ever (曾经),before(以前),so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。 2 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,还有可能继续下去,常和 for或since引导的时间状语连用。此时的动词必须是延续性动词。 构成:have/ has(助动词)+V过去分词 肯定句:主语+ have/ has+V过去分词+其他 否定句:主语+ have/ has+not+V过去分词+其他 一般疑问句:have/ has+主语+ +V过去分词+其他 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ have/ has. 否定回答:No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t. 3 常用标志词语 already, never, ever, just, before, so far, yet ,since+过去的时间点,for+一段时间等 already常用于肯定句;yet用于否定句和疑问句。 二常用句型结构辨析 (一)have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析: ⑴ have/ has been to + 地名“曾经去过某地” , 现在已经回到原地。 He has been to England twice.他曾经去过英国两次。(现在已经不在英国了) Have you ever been to the Great Wall你到过长城吗(现在已经不在长城上) ⑵have gone to + 地名“已经去某地了”,说话时该人不在现场。 He has gone to England。他已去英国了。 (已经不在说话的地方,到达英国或者在去英国的路上) ⑶ have been in +地点待在某地,常与时间段搭配。 I have been in Shanghai for three years. (二)since与for区别: 1)for其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语,可用于多种时态。表示动作或状态持续的时间长短; since其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句(一般过去时);也可以接“一段时间+ago”,常用于完成时态;还用于句型“It’s+时间段+since+一般过去时态的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续至说话时的动作或状态。 I’ve lived in this city for five years. He usually sleeps for 12 hours every day. We’ve studied here since 2009. She has worked here for five years. It’s two years since I came to China. 练习:用since 和for填空 1.Jim has been in Ireland last Monday.

现在完成时趣味讲解

现在完成时趣味讲解 现在完成时的含义 可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语 瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法 现在完成时的含义 在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是:现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑:究竟是不是完成时? 笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上,我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的,学生们能够较好的理解这一说法,并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。 常与现在完成时相连的时间状语 在初中阶段,多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词, 比如以下的这些句子(均摘录自人教版教材): Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum?

I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志,无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣,我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握:以前(before)从来不(never)出现,最近(recently)曾经(ever)一两遍(once/twice/many times…), 自从(since+时间点)刚刚(just)for一段(for+一段),至今(so far/up to now)已经(already/yet)很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中,教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及(since/for)的区别着重分章节讲解,让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中,我们可以看到:“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括”现在“在内)的动作或状态,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如: I have known Bob for three years. They have lived here since 1996. She has taught us since I came to this school. 但在实际的语言运用过程当中,有很多的非延续性动词也有需要用于“过去已经发生对现在有影响”这一时态用法中,比如“我买这台自

现在完成时讲解讲课教案

如何使用现在完成时 同学们我们已经学习了现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时这4种时态的用法,但这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如:表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”,以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时,我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。 一、现在完成时的构成 (一)肯定式 主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它 说明:这里的have /has是助动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。has,have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样,不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例: 1)I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) 2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到) (如果用过去时:She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到) 3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的) (二)否定式 主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它 说明:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词have /has后面加not就行。have not,has not的缩略式分别为haven't ,hasn't。另外,肯定句中有some,already时,改为否定时要分别改成any,yet。实例: 1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。 2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。 3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如: 4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。 (三)一般疑问式 助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它? 说明:把陈述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some ,already改为any ,ye t 就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ,主语+have/has.否定回答用“No,主语+haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“No,not yet./No ,never./No,not even once.”等。实例: 1)—Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗? —Yes ,I have .是的,我做过。 2)—Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗? —No,never.不,从来没有。 3)—Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗? —Yes ,they have.是的,他们找到了。 注意:当句中有否定词not ,hardly(几乎不),never的时候,在改为反意疑问句时,附加部分用肯定形式。例如:You have never come to our school ,have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校,是吗?二、现在完成时的用法 (一)现在完成时的用法1:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词already(已经),yet(还、已经),just(刚刚、仅仅) ,ever(曾经),never(从不),before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下: 1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例:1)I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。

中考英语现在完成时知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细)

中考英语现在完成时知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细) 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.So far, the AIIB(亚投行)_____ 57 countries to be the founding members. A. attracted B. has attracted C. will attract 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:到目前为止,亚投行吸引了57个国家成为发起国。So far,到目前为止,句子强调过去对现在造成的结果,用现在完成时态。故选B。 2.My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年,所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知,此句要用现在完成时,主语my father,助动词要用has,故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法,注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。 3.—Where is your father? — . A. He has been to Shanghai B. He has been in Shanghai C. He has gone to Shanghai D. He have been to Shanghai 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:-你的父亲在哪儿?-他去上海了。Have been to去过某地(已回);have been in在……;have gone to去了某地(未回)。本题中父亲是人们在找的人,所以是去了某地,还没回来,用have gone to。主语he是三人称单数,用has gone to。故选C。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时。以及Have been to;have been in;have gone to三个短语的词义和用法。 4.— Where is your uncle? I haven't seen him for a long time. — He _______ Beijing for about half a year. He moved there in January. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has arrived in D. has been in 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查延续与非延续性动词。根据for about half a year是一段时间,排除非延续性动词A、B、C这三个选项,故选D。

现在完成时态讲解

现在完成时讲解 一.基本结构:助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二.句型: 否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三.用法 (1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义:郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来) ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句(过去时) ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.

四.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方) My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方) My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 五.现在完成时的标志 1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。 * 以ever和never为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。

现在完成时(知识梳理)

现在完成时 【概念引入】 欣赏含有现在完成时的名言: Life has taught me to think, but thinking has not taught me to live. 生活教会了我思考,但思考却没有教会我生活。 Winter must be cold for those with no warm memories. We have already missed the spring. 对于那些没有温馨回忆的人们来说,冬天一定很冷。我们已经错过春天了。 Nature has given us the seeds of knowledge, but not knowledge itself. 在自然赋予我们知识的种子,而非知识本身。 现在完成时的构成: 现在完成时是:助动词have(has)+过去分词构成的。 I have finished my homework. 我已经完成了作业。 现在完成时的否定句:是在助动词have(has)的后面加not构成。 I haven’t seen the film so far. 到目前为止,我还没有看那部电影。 现在完成时的一般疑问句:是把助动词have(has)提到句子主语的前面。 Have you seen the film yet? 你看过那部电影了吗? 【用法讲解】 一、现在完成时的定义及用法(1) 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。 (“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”) Have you read that story?你读过那个故事吗? (“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内容。) 在学习这一概念的同时,还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词:already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal. 他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱过这首英文歌吗? They haven’t started yet.他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it.我们从来没有听说过这件事。 二、现在完成时的定义及用法(2) 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。这时往往与表示一段的时间状语连用。

初中英语知识点总结:现在完成时

初中英语知识点总结:现在完成时 (1)现在完成时表示某个动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响(或结果),这个动作或状态可能已经结束,也可能还要持续下去。 其构成形式是:have/ has + 动词过去分词 否定句在have/ has 后加not→haven’t/ hasn’t 疑问句要将have/ has放到主语之前。 (2)现在完成时的用法。 ①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常用的时间状语有:already, yet, ever, never, just等。如: I have already finished the work. Have you ever been to Beijing? He has never seen such a nice car. ②表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如: for + 时间段; since + 时间点(表时间段);时间段+ago;一般过去时态。如: I have taught in this school for ten years. I have taught in this school since ten years ago. ③for和since引导的短语都表示“一段时间”,所以谓语动词应该用延续性动词,不能用非延续性动词。延续性动词表示该动词可以延续一段时间,如:live, work, study, teach, stay等,非延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作不能持续,是短暂的、瞬间完成的,如:borrow, come,

arrive, get, leave, die等。 许多非延续性动词可以用意思相同或相近的延续性动词来表示:leave ---- be away from arrive ---- be in go ---- be away come ---- be in / at finish ---- be over buy ---- have borrow ---- keep die ---- be dead join ---- be in/be a member of begin ---- be on 如:He has gone He has been away for an hour I have bought a watch I have had the watch for several days ④have/ has been to 和have/ has gone to have/ has been to :曾去过 have/ has gone to :已去,去了(不在说话现场,在途中或已经到达)My mother has been to America. 我妈妈曾经去过美国 My mother has gone to America. 我妈妈已经去了美国 (3)现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 ①一般过去时只单纯表示过去,和现在不发生联系,它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以不能和确定的过去的时间状语连用。如: We have visited the farm(现在对农场有所了解) We visited the farm last week(说明上周参观农场这件事) ②如果询问某事发生的时间、地点只能用一般过去时。如: When did you lose your cat ?

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