5.10 Throw-away Society (revised)
Unit Ten
Text I Things: The Throw-away Society
Alvin Toffler
I. Learning objectives
1.Get the students acquainted with Alvin Toffler and his studies.
2.Learn something about ―future shock‖ and ―futurology‖.
3.Learn more about the method of exposition by illustration and exemplification;
4.Learn more about the method of comparison and contrast;
5.Learn to make a clear thesis statement which states both your focus of attention
and your stand on the issue under discussion;
6.Know the different positions of the thesis, i.e., pre-position, mid-position, and
end-position.
7.Understand the need to restate the thesis/idea (e.g., to keep the discussion coherent,
to make the idea emphatic).
II. Warm-up questions
1.In a piece of expositions / argumentation, there is always a clear controlling idea /
the main idea of the writer. This is the message that the author intends to explain /illustrate. We refer to such main idea as the ―thesis‖. Where can we find the thesis of the present article?
2.What is the most common position of the thesis statement? Can you find
examples from texts we learn?
3.Is there any advantage for the author to put his thesis statement until he has made
some introductions?
4.Examine the present text and see how Toffler presents his thesis (i.e., the affluent
modern society is becoming more and more a throw-away society, the underling cause of which is that ―m an’s relationship with things are increasingly temporary‖.).
III. Relevant information
1. Barbie Doll: the best-known / best-selling doll, about 12,000,000; introduced in 1959 by Mattel Inc.; made of plastic; looks like a female teenager (takes the shape of human), about 12inches tall.
2. Alvin Toffler is best known for his first international best seller, Future Shock, but has written many books since, including The Third Wave, about the massive wave of change we're going through at the moment; unparalleled in human history, according to Toffler. It's a theme which has dominated his thinking for the past 10 or 15 years. Alvin Toffler has influenced and advised world leaders. He wrote about the prospects
of outsourcing, the communications revolution and corporate restructuring years before anyone else cottoned on. Toffler worked in factories after he went to university, then went into journalism in Washington. But he's really made his mark as a writer and thinker, always in collaboration with his wife.
The term ―future shock‖ was first used by Alvin Toffler in 1965 in an article published in Horizon. Toffler coined this term to describe a state of stress and disorientation (the loss of sense of direction) caused by too quick a succession of changes in society. After that, he spent 5 years visiting scores of universities, research centers, laboratories, and government agencies, reading countless articles and scientific papers and interviewing hundreds of experts on different aspects of change, coping behavior, and the future. Then he came to the following two conclusions: First, ―future shock is no longer a distantly potential danger, but a real sickness from which incr easingly large numbers already suffer.‖ Second, people know very little about adaptivity. That is to say, ―in the most rapidly changing environment to which man has ever been exposed, we remain pitifully ignorant of how the human animal copes.‖ In 1970, Alvin Toffler published the book Future Shock. ―This is a book about what happens to people when they are overwhelmed (overcome completely) by change. It is about the ways in which we adapt—or fail to adapt—to the future.‖ ―The purpose of this book is to help us come to terms with the future—to help us cope more effectively with both personal and social change by deepening our understanding of how men respond to it.‖
IV. Organization of the text
Section 1 (para. 1-3): introductory section: exemplification (of Barbie Doll in para. 1 & para. 2) to introduce the thesis statement (para.3) Para. 1: an illustration to point out a phenomenon that exists today in the USA –the widespread popularity of Barbie Doll
Para. 2: more recent news about Barbie Doll – trade-in allowance
Para. 3: clearly states Toffler’s idea: ―…that man’s relationships with things are increasingly temporary‖(which is the underlying cause for a
throw-away society, as will be illustrated below)
Section 2 (para. 4—6): generalization / elaboration on the thesis statement: the profusion of man-made objects, their importance to the individual
(i.e., functional utility and psychological impact), and the attitudes
induced.
Para. 4: technologically produced environment vs. natural environment (popular materialism)
Para. 5: functional utility vs. psychological impact on pace of life
Para. 6: contrast in basic value judgments between the new breed of little girls and their mothers and grandmothers (comparison and
contrast between past and future, between societies based on
permanence and the new society based on transience – echoing
the idea in para. 3: temporary relationships between man and
things)
Section 3 (7-12): more examples and illustration to support the argument Para. 7: a long list of throw-away objects for daily use, to illustrate the throw-away culture in which the younger generation are
embedded
(Para. 8—12: Factors contributing to the throw-away mentality) Para. 8: the resistance of the French housewife to use disposable products (as the idea of using disposable products runs counter to the belief
and practice of people who have long suffered from poverty), to
show that the throw-away mentality is related to the affluence of a
society
Para. 9: the rapid shift to a throw-away society in Sweden, Japan, England, and France, to show (a) The richer you are, the more likely you
are to throw away things; and (b) The more advanced the society
is, the more popular is the practice.
Para. 10-12: the popularity of paper clothes (convenient, economic), to show people’s psychological need for throw-away things and the
trend to maintain a transient relationship between man and
man-made objects
Section 4 (para. 13): conclusion: the causal chain
throw away products →throw away mentality→a set of radically
altered values with respect to property →decreased durations in
man-thing relationships →a throw-away society
V. Language points
1. adore: feel great admiration and love for (=IDOLIZE); like very much
e.g. She adored her sister.
People will adore this film.
2. eminent: (a) distinguished / notable;
(b) (of qualities) remarkable in degree
e.g. The bishop is eminent for his piety and good works.
The general is eminent for valor.
Those who attended the seminar are mostly men eminent in science, learning and art.
c.f. eminence
e.g. to rise to eminence in one’s profession
to achieve eminence
to attain eminence in mathematics
to reach eminence as a doctor (statesman, writer)
a man of great scientific eminence
a poet of eminence
a man of international musical eminence
3. wear:n. clothing, especially of a particular kind or for a particular use. Often used in combination.
e.g. foot wear/sports wear/swim wear
4. version:n. (a) a particular form or variation of an earlier or original type ( in the text, it means a new model of Barbie Doll); (b) a description or an account from one point of view, especially as opposed to another. (c) an adaptation of a work of art or literature into another medium or style.
e.g. Let me have your own version of the affair / story / event.
There have been different versions of the tale.
a stage / movie / screen version of the novel
5. humanoid: adj. having human forms or characteristics; humanlike;
―-noid‖: ―-like‖
6. trade-in allowance: the amount of money a shop deducts from the price of a new thing which a customer buys when he turns in to the shop an old thing
7. turn in vs. trade in
turn sth in:(a) to give back (something no longer needed, such as unwanted tickets, goods, official clothing); (b) stop doing sth; abandon sth
turn sb in: hand sb over to the police to be arrested
e.g. Tickets may be turned in at the box office, or exchanged for ones for the new
show.
Don’t forget to turn in your gun when you leave the police fo rce.
The escaped criminal decided to turn himself in.
trade in: (AmE) to exchange (goods) for part of the value (of a newer object)
e.g. Will the dealer allow us to trade in the car for the latest model?
Some manufacturers of washing machines allow their customers to trade in old ones for technological improved ones.
8. matter to / for: to be important to
e.g. Does it matter to you what people say?
My health matters more to my doctor than to my family.
9. texture: degree of roughness or smoothness, coarseness or fineness of a material
e.g. to feel the texture of one’s garments
coarse / fine / light texture
clothes of loose / close texture
be of fine texture
10. iridescent:adj. showing colors like those of the rainbow; changing color as light falls from different directions;
c.f. glister: reflected light
luminous: reflected stars
gleaming: reflected sunlight. e.g., the skyscraper’s gleaming wall of glass
glisten(v.): (a) shine or sparkle, usually because it is smooth, wet, or oily.
e.g. His face glistened with sweat.
…gold sovereigns glistening in the sunlight
glistening lips
(b) (of eyes) be bright and express a particular emotion
e.g. His eyes glisten with contempt.
11. staggering: stunning, wondrous, breathtaking
12. cityscape: a view of a city; city scenery;
13. materialist: A materialist is someone who wants a lot of money and possessions
and believes that these are the only important things in life.
e.g. A lot of people are prepared to turn their back on the materialist way of life.
14. deride: v. to laugh at contemptuously; to show scorn
n. derision
c.f.: ridicule/mock: all mean to make a person or thing the object of laughter
ridicule: implies deliberate and often malicious belittling of the person or thing ridiculed
e.g. The man who wants to preserve his personal identity is ridiculed as an
eccentric.
deride: implies a bitter or contemptuous spirit
e.g. He took his revenge on the fate that had made him sad by fiercely
deriding everything.
mock: stresses scornful derision and usually implies words or gestures or sometimes acts expressive of one’s defiance or contempt
e.g. Nowhere can men be entirely happy while human nature is still being
mocked and tortured on other parts of the globe.
15. functional utility: useful in practice; quality of being useful; (utility=usefulness)
c.f. utilize v. / utilitarian n.
utility(countable noun): an important service such as water, electricity, or gas that is provided for everyone, and that everyone pays for
e.g. the development of roads and utilities
16: foreshorten:to show / portray (an object) with the apparent shortening due to visual perspective
17. disintegrate: break apart
18. transience:(fml.) When there is transience in a society, situation, etc, people’s
arrangements tend to last only a short time, because the society is changing rapidly
transient: = fleeting e.g. a transient phase
19. at a rapid clip: at a fast speed
20. inextricably: inescapably; unavoidably
21.be embedded in:(a) to be fixed firmly in; (b) so deeply involved that it is
impossible to get free
e.g. The magic sword was embedded in the stone.
A piece of broken metal had embedded itself in his leg when he was wounded
in the war.
I had such strange ideas about you embedded in my mind.
The study of culture is embedded in a language class.
22.run counter to: to conflict with; to be opposite to
e.g. The government’s action run s counter to their election promises.
grain: the natural arrangement of the lines of fibre in wood, etc., as seen on the surface what has been sawn 木材等的纹理
run counter to the grain or go against the grain: be contrary to one’s inclination or disposition
23.be steeped in: (a) to soak in liquid in order to cleanse, soften, or extract a given
property from; (b) to give one’s whole attention; fill som ething with a quality.
e.g. If the clothes are very dirty, steep them in soapy water over night.
I have to write a paper on Eugene O’Neill, so first I must steep myself in his
book.
Xi’an is a place that is steeped in history.
24.be astounded by vs. be awed by
be astounded by: to be shocked with surprises
e.g. Although small, he showed astounding strengths.
He was astounded when he heard he had won.
be awed by: be filled with a feeling of respect mixed with fear and wonder
e.g. They were awed into silence by the sternness of her voice.
25.lo and behold: an expression of surprise at something unexpected
26.say nothing of: (=let alone) used when adding something which gives even more
strength to the point being made
e.g. Three people hurt, to say nothing of the damage to the building.
There is no time to do all the work, to say nothing of the cost.
27.quasi-paper: imitation paper; synthetic paper
quasi: adj. half; seemingly
e.g. a quasi-official visit
a quasi sovereign state
quasi contract
quasi justice
28.boutique:small shops selling articles ( such as hats, women’s clothes, cosmetics)
of the latest fashion
29.sprout vs. bloom
sprout:v.to begin to grow; give off shoots or buds; cause to grow /develop;
produce
e.g. John has sprouted a moustache.
We expect rain to sprout seed well.
Potatoes sprout twice a year.
In the text the word ―sprout‖ indicates the sudden increase of bottles and department (figurative).
bloom: v. (a) to bear a flower or flowers; (b) to support plant life in abundance
e.g. These flowers bloom all the year round.
The rose bloomed beautifully.
30.apparel:n. clothing, especially outer garments; attire
e.g. priestly apparel
ladies / ready-to-wear apparel
31.sumptuous: expensive and grand; fashionable; lavish
c.f. elegant, grandiose, luxurious
The wo rd ―sumptuous‖ is more likely to be restricted to man-made things. Its root refers to expenditure so it emphasizes on costliness of something.
e.g. Critics judged the sumptuous new opera house to be an aesthetic disaster.
A delightful cognac rounded off this most sumptuous meal.
32.feature:n. a prominent or special article, story in a newspaper or periodical
e.g. a front page feature on clone
v. to have or include as a prominent part or characteristic;
e.g. a new movie featuring Julia Roberts
33.caption: words written above or below a picture, newspaper article, etc, to explain
what it is, or give further information
e.g. I didn’t understand the drawing until I read the caption.
34.cellulose:n. a complex carbohydrate (CHO) that forms the main constituent of the
cell wall in most plants, and is important in the manufacture of numerous products, such as paper, textiles
35.supplant:vt. (fml) to take the place of; supercede
e.g. The President was supplanted by a political rival.
Trains in Shanghai have been supplanted by buses.
36.A dress: with a flared bottom, close-fitting top, resembling an ―A‖ shape
37.temporary, momentary, passing, fleeting, transient, transitory, ephemeral
temporary: the most general, implying a measurable but limited duration, something lasting for a limited time, suggesting a shift or arrangement made for the time being
e.g. a temporary job
a temporary shelter from the storm
a temporary setback
momentary: (lit.) coming /going away suddenly, in a moment, indicating relative brevity of duration
e.g. a momentary misgiving
a momentary delay
passing: emphasize the fact that a thing does not continue to occupy the interest for very long, but runs its course fairly quick
e.g. a passing fad / fanciful fashion
fleeting: intensification of passing in a literal sense
e.g. catch a fleeting glimpse of my new neighbour
transient:stresses the temporary nature of a stay or the brevity of a thing’s duration (When it is used as an adjective, it carries a formal tone.)
e.g. a transient joy
transitory: like temporary, points to impermanence of something that is destined to pass away, either very soon or at last / eventually;
e.g. a transitory pleasure as opposed to sources of enduring satisfaction
a transitory stage of development
ephemeral: (lit.)lasting for a very short time
e.g. ephemeral popularity
ephemeral inspiration
38.evidence, testimony, data
evidence: most general, including the testimony of witness and all the facts and physical objects connected with a legal proceeding, in everyday use, evidence is anything that tends to prove a thing true
e.g. Scholars have been able to unearth some evidence as to true authorship of the
book.
Her red eyes and sad expression were evidence that she had been crying.
testimony: denotes statements made to a court of law, any declaration made by a witness who is considered to know the fact of a case
e.g. Giving testimony involves the making of statements in open court in answer
to questions put by a lawyer or qualified public official.
Testimony, in its wider meaning, is affirmation or proof of something.
e.g. The ruined buildings of the city bear grim testimony to the heavy
bombardment by the enemy.
c.f. testimonial n. formal, written statement of a person, character, ability, etc.
data: (pl. of ―datum‖) formal word for a large body of facts and figures, which have gathered systematically and from which conclusions may be drawn
VI. Difficult sentences (paraphrase)
1.―sells a complete wardrobe‖: design various styles of clothes for Barbie Doll
2.―any young lady wishing to purchase a new Barbie would receive a trade-in
allowance for her old one‖: all ladies who want to buy a new model of Barbie can have it at a reduced price, i.e. the ship will deduct from the price a certain amount of money.
3.―ocean of man-made physical o bjects‖: large amount of artificial things.
4.―larger ocean of natural objects‖: There are more natural objects than
man-made physical objects. Natural objects around us outnumber man-made objects.
5.―But increasingly, it’s the technologically produced environ ment that
matters for the individual‖: Man-made things are getting more and more important in people’s lives.
6.―the iridescent glisten of an automobile under a street light‖: the colorful,
shining appearance of a car reflected under a street light.
7.―These are the intimate realities of his existence‖:These are the closest and
most immediate to his life.
8.―Man-made things enter into and colour his consciousness.‖: Technologically
produced things become part of people’s life and influence their mentality.
9.―Their number is expanding…both absolutely and relative to…‖: There has
been a tremendous increase in machine-produced things in terms of their actual number as well as in proportion to our natural environment.
VII. Classroom discussion
1.What were the improvements made recently by the manufacturer of Barbie Doll?
2.Why is the Barbie Doll so appealing to girls?
3.According to the author, the fact that girls can trade in the old Barbie Doll for a
new model reveals something. What is it?
4.In paragraph 4, the author elaborates on the relationship between technologically
produced things and things in the natural world. What is the tendency today? Are man-made things getting more important? Why?
5.The author says, ―We develop relationships with things‖. How do things affect
our psychology?
6.How does the author analyze the different attitudes between girls of the present
generation and their mother or grandmother’s generation?
7.In paragraph 7, the author makes a list of things thrown away after only one use.
Name some of the examples given. Examine the list of things and comment how they can serve as the ―culture‖ surrounding little girls?
8.Would you characterize Toffler’s essay subjective and interpretive or objective
and factual? Why do you think so?
9.Do your think the attitude toward marriage (increasing rate of divorce) can also
be considered in the light of ―throw-away mentality‖?
VIII. Assignment
Find a copy of Future Shock (either the original version or a translated version) and leaf through it to get a rough idea of the book.
Text II Do-it-yourselfers
Alvin Toffler
I. Learning objectives
1. Learn more about the use of examples. See how the principle of reserving the most impressive example for the last is used in this text.
2. Understand the usefulness of statistics in exposition (i.e., making the discussion more specific and more convincing).
II. Pre-reading questions
1.What do you think are the causes of self-service?
2.In primitive society it was often the case that the producer of a product and the
consumer were the same one person. Can you thus regard the ever-spreading ―do-it-yourself‖ phenomenon as an indication of some kind of social regression? III. Organization and development of the text
Section 1 (para. 1-4): the development of the convention of self-service, according to time sequence
Para. 1: starting with the beginning of such service;
IDD direct dialing →introduced in 1956 by American Telephone and
Telegraph Company.
Para. 2: self-service fuel pumps →introduced in 1973-74 to cut costs, under the p ressure from oil shortage caused by the Arab governments’ order
to forbid shipping oil to other countries. This service was not well
accepted by the public, but now widely accepted.
Para. 3: self-service gas station →giving concrete statistics to show rapid acceptance of the service.
Para. 4: electronic banking →introduced in the same period, i.e. the 1970s Section 2 (Para. 5-7): elaboration on the phenomenon – externalizing labor cost Para.5: self-service supermarkets →economic theory ―externalization‖
Para.6: self-service in other fields, e.g. discount stores, self-service shoe stores Para.7: other self-assembling commodities
Section 3 (Para. 8-10): the Whirlpool example of instructing the customer in fixing a refrigerator by self-service, and an introduction to how their
―Cool-line‖ runs
Section 4 (Para. 11-12) clarification of a pattern – a transfer of activity from the exchange sector to the prosumption sector
IV. Language points
1. squeeze (n.): a situation in which it is difficult to borrow money because of strict
controls,usually imposed by the government
e.g. a credit squeeze
another squeeze on borrowing
2. embargo (n.): an order that is made by a government to stop trade with another
country
e.g. The states imposed an embargo on oil shipments.
…his decision to lift the grain embargo
they would not enforce a trade embargo with any member nations.
e mbargo (v.): officially prohibit goods or transport means going to another
country
e.g. …embargo arms sales to South Asia
They embargoed five more Sicilian ships carrying 6.6 million gallons of
wine.
4. bonanza: a lucky or successful situation where people can make a lot of money
e.g. Spielberg’s movie ET was a box office bonanza.
5. oddity: (a) a very unusual person or thing
e.g. …a shop devoted to oddities: rubber fruit, explosive cigars…
A career woman is still regarded as something of an oddity.
(b) a very unusual characteristic that someone or something has
e.g. …those personal oddities in his drawing
…the oddities and absurdities of the language
6. lament: express sadness, regret, or disappointment about
e.g. He laments the changing pattern of life in the countryside.
―All the flour is wet!‖ lamented Miss Musson.
7. the good old days: a time in the past when people think that life was better than it is now
e.g. Things would soon get back to normal like in the good old days.
8. few and far between: rare, not happening or available often
e.g. Jobs are few and far between at the moment.
9. perceptive: (a) good at noticing or realizing things quickly, especially things that
other people might not notice or realize
e.g. I’m not really perceptive as far as literature goes.
a perceptive critic
(b) also used of someone’s remarks or thoughts
e.g. a very perceptive comment
10. emanate:(fml.) If a quality, idea, feeling, etc, emanates from you, or if your
emanate such a quality, feeling, or idea, it comes from you or was originally started by you (=RADIATE)
e.g. These ideas are said to emanate from Henry Kissinger.
He emanates concern.
A dim glow of light still emanated from the room
11. cut across: If a problem or feeling cuts across different groups of people, they are
all affected by it
e.g. The drug problem cuts across all social classes.
V. Topics for discussion and assignment
1.Under what circumstances was self-service introduced?
2.How do you like the increasing involvement of the customer in tasks formerly
performed for him by others?
3.Discuss the process of increasing ―externalizing labour cost‖in the Chinese
background.
大学英语六级作文范文30篇
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英语六级作文范文
●The Internet—A Blessing or Curse？ ●Nowadays college students often use the Internet for study，shopping，entertainment， and many other things. Some people say that the Internet facilitates students’ lives，but others worry that it might affect students’study. In my opinion，the Internet is good for college students when it is used appropriately. ●The Internet is good for college students. First，students can collect many kinds of information via the Internet. (linkage) When students find something interesting in the book，but their teacher cannot give them more details or answer all their questions in class，they can search the Internet after class to find the details or answers by themselves. Second，the Internet keeps students updated with what is happening all over the world. (linkage) Just by browsing the web-page，students can read a lot of news. They can also type on some key words to search and follow any affair on the Internet. They don’t have to search piles of newspapers and thus save much time for study. ●In one word，the Internet facilitates students’lives when it is used reasonably. Now more and more college students are becoming aware of the convenience and the importance of using the Internet. ●Is it wise to buy or borrow books? ●In the past, people used to hold a kind of thought that people would certainly fail to read a book effectively unless it was borrowed. Although a lot of people want to borrow the books they like from their friends or public libraries, I prefer buying a book to borrowing one. ●Buying books has some advantages. Firstly, you needn’t care about the deadline. You are enjoying the book, especially some reference books, because you can certainly keep the book. Whenever you want to read it, you can get it from your bookshelf. Secondly, if you borrow some books from the public libraries and your friends, you aren’t allowed to write on the books. You have to spend a lot of time in copying down the information which you need in your own note book. In addition, if you unfortunately make some mistakes during copying, these mistakes may mislead you. Finally, the public libraries are open to all people, but the books in library are limited. If different readers want to borrow the same book at the same time, some of the readers can’t get the book until other readers return the book to the library. As a result, some of the readers have to spend time in waiting for two or three weeks. ●All in all, in my opinion, nowadays people can easily buy (some) books from book stores. I consider that buying books is much more convenient than borrowing books. ●Will Electronic Dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries ●Many people today prefer to use electronic dictionaries rather than printed ones, because electronic dictionaries are much lighter and smaller and easier to be taken everywhere. Some people worry that printed dictionaries may disappear one day. But I believe that electronic dictionaries will not kill printed ones. ●First, printed dictionaries are much cheaper than the electronic ones. Many students, who use dictionaries most often, can hardly afford an expensive electronic dictionary. Therefore, the printed ones are exactly what they need. Second, scholars prefer printed
2013年6月英语六级作文范文及点评
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2005 年-2012 年六级作文真题及范文 2012 年6 月英语六级作文题 题目：The impact of the Internet on interpersonal communication 要求：commenting on "Dad：Hi sweetie, how was school, today? Daughter: You can read all about it on my blog, Dad" The impact of the Internet on interpersonal communication In contemporary society, our life is filled with a variety of anecdotes or stories, and the following is no exception: "Dad：Hi sweetie, how was school, today? Daughter: You can read all about it on my blog, Dad." Funny as it seems, this conversation can be naturally associated with the impacts of Internet on our life: In an era of Internet, the time for interpersonal communication is impaired by online chats or blogs. Apparently, the impacts of the Internet on interpersonal communication are diverse. For one thing, as a vital invention, Internet brings great convenience to our communication, eliminates the barrier of distance, and helps humans to keep in touch wherever and whenever. For another, it is Internet that does not enables family members, friends or classmates to communicate more in a face-to-face way. One case in point is that youngsters may spend hours chatting with acquaintances through QQ or MSN, but rarely do they talk with other face to face. Unfortunately, it we let this trend to continue as it is, the interpersonal relationship will, definitely, become alienated. To my understanding, it is advisable for people to communicate more with their families, friends and acquaintances in real life instead of merely through the Internet. Do bear in mind: Internet is just a tool. 2011 年12 月英语六级作文题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln s famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Way to Success What is success? In fact, success is a positive feeling, it is a state of confidence after we achieve our ideals So all of us will try our best to get success."If A is a success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z..Hardworking is x; y is good methods and z is stop talking and get down to work."It is said by Einstein, who is used to be a winner of the Nobel Prize. According to this Wisdom, we known that if we want to do everything successful, we must follow these ways. When we begin to study, our parents and teachers always told us to study hard. Hardworking, which is an useful way to success, is necessary for us. Hardworking, which means we should try our best to do the things. Besides, if you want to get success, we not only need hardworking, but also have some useful methods. If you have some useful methods, you will feel that it is easier to achieve your goals. What ' s more, we must stop talking and get down to work. Success is base on the actions. Actions, may not let we get success. But if we not action, it can never be successful. Regardless of the dream is big or small, the goal is high or low, from now on, swing it into action. In my opinion, if you follow these important ways to do every things, you will get success at last. 2011 年6 月英语六级作文题 1.现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试 2.其目的各不相同
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Topic 1: My View on the Post-graduate Craze Every year, millions of college students sit in for the post-graduate entrance examination. More and more students regard the pursuing of a master's degree as an indispensable part of their education. Why are students so enthusiastic about obtaining a post-graduate diploma? First, it is the demand of the time. In an age of knowledge updating and information explosion, what we have learned in college can hardly meet the demand of society. Whereas, those equipped with the latest knowledge and skills, especially those with a master degree, are badly needed. Second, we all recognize that the more education we have, the more likely we are to succeed. Compared with those without a master degree, post-graduates enjoy more preferential treatment, for example, better salaries, or more opportunities for training and promotion. A post-graduate degree can sometimes guarantee a more promising career. Last but not least, with the graduation of a large number of college students, competition for jobs becomes more and more fierce. One way to gain some advantage over others is to have a higher academic degree. So no wonder millions of students will consider pursuing a post-graduate degree. As for me, I would like to join them to study for a higher degree, taking the above-mentioned advantages into consideration. Topic 2: Should We Help Strangers? Helping strangers has always been considered a treasured virtue of human kind. On the one hand, we need help from others throughout our life, no matter when we travel to other places or stay at home. On the other hand, helping others brings us tremendous happiness. We feel great joy when we are trusted and needed by others. Therefore, it is highly recommended that we help strangers when possible. However, some people are cautious and would rather not help strangers because it can sometimes put us into trouble. They say some strangers are just cheats who pretend to be pitiful in order to take advantage of our sympathy. Helping them would put us in danger. Furthermore, sometimes we are not able to provide the help needed. For example, if we can't swim, it is dangerous to help someone being drowned. In my opinion, we should still try our best to help strangers if possible, though we should also learn to protect ourselves from being harmed in the process.
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1112 The Way to Success Success is something everyone looks for, longs for and dies for. But have you ever considered what success is? Some may hold that success means one has beautiful life, like pretty house, cool cars and great power. It’s indeed one wa y to define success. But to me, success is doing something one really feels like doing. To achieve this kind of success, one has to bear in mind three essential prerequisites, namely knowing where your interest really lies in, possessing the strong will to pursue your interest and having the diligence to realize your dream. In other words, they are “what” “why” and “how” of success. It’s really luckily good for one, especially for the younger generation of today to find their dreams, follow them and in the end, make them come true and become successful. Although it’s never easy to succeed, progressing with the strong will and diligence towards the right direction, you’ll be the one! 1106 Certificate Craze 1. 现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试 2. 其目的各不相同 3. 在我看来 In recent years, to get a certificate has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones. College students in growing numbers are beginning to believe that get a certificate contributes directly to enhancing their future job opportunities or promotion opportunities. The pressure of employment makes college students be more inclined to get various certificates. What’s more M any parents and teachers believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By preparing certificate test, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets. After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of being more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily prove one’s ability. Being crazy in getting certificates blindly will definitely leads to wasting of time. The students should enhance their awareness of the importance of ability. To conclude, we should focus on improving our ability but not getting a certificate of no practical value. 1012 My View on University Ranking 1. 目前高校排名相当盛行 2. 对于这种做法，人们看法不一 3. 我认为…… It is a not-uncommon social phenomenon that the university rankings are especially prevalent in our country. For example, universities are measured by scale, academic achievements or the number of papers published in famous magazines. As to this issue, opinions vary from person to person. Some people hold that university ranking dramatically promotes the development of university in various fields.