考研英语真题 英语一新题型

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How does your reading proceed?Clearly you try to comprehend,in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them,drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.41.You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved:who is making the utterance,to whom, when and where?

The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension.But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues;and42.. Conceived in this way,comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader.What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute,fixed or‘true’meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy,or some timeless relation of the text to the world.43. Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.

44.This doesn’t,however,make interpretation merely

relative or even pointless.Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns–debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.

How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.45..Such dimensions of reading suggest—as others introduced later in the book will also do—that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading.It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller,more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally,different kinds of reading inform each other,and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.Together,they make up the reading component of your overall literacy,or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.

[A]Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course?Reading it simply for pleasure?Skimming it for information?Ways

of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.

[B]Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading,our gender,ethnicity,age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.

[C]If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms,you guess at their meaning,using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.

[D]In effect,you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence,image or reference might have had:these might be the ones the author intended.

[E]You make further inferences,for instance about how the text may be significant to you,or about its plausibility–inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.

[F]In plays,novels and narrative poems,characters speak as constructs created by the author,not necessarily as

mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.

[G]Rather,we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures(so especially its language structures)and various kinds of background,social knowledge,belief and attitude that we bring to the text.

答案解析：

41.C，If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms……。原文中，前句是Clearly you try to comprehend,in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them,drawing on your implicit knowledge ofEnglish grammar。讲的是关于词汇(words)的理解，那么理所应当下句应该继续这个话题，浏览七个选项之后，只有C中包含words。那么正确答案是C。

42.E，You make further inferences……。前句是You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues。其中的infer和选项E中的inferences照应，并且further也在提示答案。

43.G，Rather……。前句是What is in question is not the

retrieval of an absolute,fixed or‘true’meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy,or some timeless relation of the text to the world，关注的是meaning。浏览选项后，有三个选项中有meaning这个词——C(已选)、D和G。再看43题的下一句，是Such background material inevitably reflects who we are。其中有关键词background提示答案应该是G，因为其中有“……various kinds of background……”提示。

44.B，Factors such as……。前句是Such background material inevitably reflects who we are。剩余的选项中，只有B是关于我们自身的，介绍我们身处的地点和时间。

45.A45题的后面一句是Such dimensions of reading suggest……，讲的是阅读的角度。浏览选项后，A以问句的形式阐释这些角度。

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Passage1 Part B Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs. They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs. 41. ________ What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution. 42. ________ But ―national‖ doesn’t have to mean that. ―National‖ could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body. Either way, one benefit of a ―national‖ organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces. Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price. 43. ________ A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join. A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast. 44. ________ Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: ―A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical 1

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Text 1 Directions: You are going to read a text about the steps to ask for a raise, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41- 45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. So you’ve been with your company for a while and have been exceeding all of your manager’s expectations. You work hard, are a great team player, come up with new ideas to take the business further and are an all-around joy in the workplace. If you haven’t been promoted or been bumped up in salary automatically, it might be time to take the bull by the horns and approach this topic yourself. While asking for a raise makes many people uncomfortable and nervous, the situation can be a breeze if handled correctly. The following are a few steps to follow to make sure your request does not fall on deaf ears： 41. Do your research. Like any other element of your career, it all starts with research. In order to present your manager with a compelling case in your favor, you need to know what the going rate is for someone with your experience and in your position. 42. Outline a case for yourself. When going into any kind of negotiation session, you need to be equipped with the right amount of ammunition. Before you walk into your meeting, look back at your time with the company and highlight your accomplishments. Come up with a list of specific examples of ways you have been a valuable asset to the business. Find facts and figures that demonstrate what you have excelled, using numbers whenever possible. If you really want to knock their socks off, put your accomplishments into a formal presentation, albeit brief, that outlines each of your goals and how you have achieved them. This will demonstrate that you are professional, willing to go the extra mile, and have thought about your request thoroughly. 43. Know what’s going on in your neighborhood. There are good times and bad times to ask for a raise at any company. Schedule ample time to present your case, and make sure your timing is right. Asking for a raise on the fly after just after walking into your manager’s office to chat will not benefit you or impress your boss. Make sure you have time to present your case, and that your manager has time to think about your presentation. Request a meeting with your supervisor, at least a half-hour long. Think about your timing when you schedule the meeting, too. If your department has a bevy of deadlines t0 meet at the end of each month, don’t schedule your meeting on the 29th.Pick a time when your manager will be sure to be in a good mood and not overly stressed. 44. Avoid threats or demands. The last thing you want to do is to put your supervisor on the defensive. Be professional and, if your job is worth keeping, willing to listen to the other side. Keep the meeting positive and your outcome will be more positive. 45. Remember that not all perks are monetary. Don’t fall into the trap of thinking you are not valued if you do not get exactly what you had expected.