盲人无障碍阅读及服务

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盲人无障碍阅读及服务

作者：唐李真

来源：《新阅读》2019年第07期

盲人是指双眼中最好矫正视力低于0.3的人，可分为全盲和低视力盲人。根据视障人士的特点，其阅读方式可以分为触摸阅读、听觉阅读和残余视力阅读。

触觉阅读是通过指尖触摸盲文来阅读的一种方式。盲文是利用盲人触觉进行阅读的一种文字。盲文出现后，对盲人的沟通交流、获取知识、掌握技能、自强发展具有重要意义，在盲人文化教育和社会交流等方面产生了革命性的变化。信息时代盲人还可以通过盲文显示器来摸读数字出版物，是一种顺应时代潮流的新型盲文阅读方式。

听觉阅读即通过听觉系统获取信息，完成阅读。盲人听觉特别灵敏，有声读物便成为盲人读者阅读的主要载体之一。而且听觉阅读的门槛比较低，适合任何一个没有听力障碍的盲人。

残余视觉阅读是低视力残疾人利用其残余视力进行阅读。视障人士中除了全盲外，还包括没有完全丧失视力功能的低视力群体，他们可以直接阅读大字版图书或者借助放大镜或助视器等辅助工具来阅读。

盲用阅听辅助产品

现在人们阅读摆脱了传统纸质书的束缚，可以不受时间、地点控制开展阅读。但许多产品和服务没有考虑到盲人信息获取特点，导致盲人难以享受信息技术带来的便利，因而盲人面临在社会生活被边缘化的危险。利用信息无障碍技术研发盲用阅听辅助产品可以帮助盲人无障碍获取信息，共享人类文明成果，融入主流社会。

国际上开展信息无障碍技术的研究和应用较早，除了一些专门的研究机构及厂商外，IBM、微软等著名IT企业在信息無障碍方面也开展了很多的研究和应用。苹果公司 iOS操作系统中集成了屏幕阅读器VoiceOver和低视力无障碍环境，增加了视障人士iOS用户的可访问性;美国的自由科技公司（Freedom Scientific）以开发专为盲人设计的软硬件产品而著称。

国内在无障碍技术的研究也有了长远的发展。清华大学是国内最早开展信息无障碍技术研究和产品开发的单位之一。20世纪90年代，中国盲文出版社开始研发盲用系列辅助产品，目前已经完成阳光盲用读屏软件、盲用听书机——阳光听书郎、文星盲文显示器、文星盲用电脑、文星助视器等系列产品的研发，从触觉、听觉和残余视觉几个方面为盲人提供辅具服务。随着移动互联网的广泛应用，中国盲文出版社有在移动读屏，手机APP等方面开展相关研究，并有文星电子书、文星daisy播放器、文星颜色识别等20余款手机应用产品问世。下面介绍几款常用的盲用阅听辅助产品。

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