(完整版)新概念英语第二册笔记_第77课

Lesson 77 A successful operation一例成功的手术

【Text】

The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.

【课文翻译】

死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。这是曾在底比斯神殿里当过歌手的赛潘姆特的木乃伊。由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的X光片子上有点奇怪的斑点，所以，医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。搞清的唯一办法就是手术。手术持续了4个多小时，非常难做，因为皮肤上覆盖着一层硬硬的树脂。医生们从木乃伊身上取下一个切片，送去化验。他们还发现了X光片所没有显示的东西：一个蜡制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。这种牛头人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊体内。医生们至今还未确定这位妇女的死因。他们曾担心在把木乃伊切开后，它会散成碎片，但幸运得很，这种情况并未发生。这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

1. mummy

1) n （儿语）妈妈

mummies(复数）mommy (美)

2) n 木乃伊

eg: I was not, however, pleased by “The Mummy Returns”(2001), although the movie was so famous at that time.

虽然木乃伊归来这部电影在那时很出名，然而我并不是很喜欢。

2. Egyptian adj. 埃及的

Egyptian adj 埃及的

eg: Yet the Egyptian president seems to have no intention of stepping down.

但是这位埃及总统似乎没有退休的意思。

Egypt n 埃及（国名）

eg: He has gotten us out of Egypt, but here we are in the wilderness.

他带领我们离开埃及，但是我们现在处在荒野。

Cairo 开罗（埃及首都）

eg: I travelled from Cairo to Cape Town in 2002.

2002年，我从开罗一路旅行到了开普敦。

Egyptian n 埃及人

3. temple

1) 庙，寺院

the Shaolin temple 少林寺

2) （古希腊，罗马，埃及的）神殿

a Greek temple 希腊神殿

3) 殿堂

the temple of art 艺术的殿堂

4) 太阳穴

4. mark

1) n 斑点，瑕疵

eg: He wet feet left marks on the floor.

他湿淋淋的脚在地板上留下印迹。

2) 记号，符号

make a mark 做记号

make marks on the wall with a chalk 用粉笔在墙上做记号

punctuation marks 标点符号

3) 分数，得分grade（美）

school marks 学校的成绩

get good marks in English 英语的成绩很高

gain high marks in maths 数学考试取得好成绩

eg: On your marks! Get set! Go !

(跑步时的口令）各就各位，预备！起（跑）！

4) v 做记号于…, 留下痕迹于…, 弄脏

eg: She marked the important words with a red pencil.

她用红笔把重要的词汇做了标记。

a face marked with worries 面带愁容

eg: She marked her initials on her handkerchief.

她把姓名的首字母做记号在手帕上。

5) v 留下痕迹，留下伤痕

eg: This floor marks very easily.

这个地板很容易留下脏痕。

eg: The teacher marked more than 80 exam papers.

老师改了80分以上的试卷。

5. plate

1) n (照相）底片

2) n (浅）盘，平盘碟，没人放置所分得的食物的盘子

dish n 通常指金属制或陶瓷器的大盘子

bowl n 碗

saucer n 茶托；茶杯碟

3)（菜的）一盘（份），一人份的菜

a plate of meat 一盘肉

eg: The dinner cost 50 dollars a plate.

这顿饭每人花费50美元。

have a person …on a plate = give a person …on a plate 轻而易举地给（某人）

have a lot on one`s plate = have too much on one`s plate (口)有很多（太多）该做的事情7. disease n 病，疾病

eg: He is suffering from heart disease.

他患有心脏病。

cure a disease 治疗疾病

stomach disease 胃病

这个单词的构成：dis(否定的前缀）+ease(安乐）= 没有安乐

8. last

1) 延续，持续

eg: Our vacation lasts 20 days.

我们的假期延续了20天。

eg: The rainy season lasts until July.

雨季一直延续到7月份。

2) 耐久，支持

eg: This coat has lasted well.

这件外衣经久耐用。

eg: He lasted for five days underground.

他在地底下撑了5天。

3) 熬过…时间；度过，足够维持到（某期间）

eg: The patient isn`t expected to last the night.

没人认为那位病人会熬的过晚上。

eg: The food will last us three days.

这些食物够我们用三天。

eg: The money will last us three days.

这些钱够我们用三天。

last out…足够维持到…（期间），支撑

eg: The gasoline won`t last out till we get to New York.

汽油不能够维持到我们到纽约了。

lasting adj 持久的，连续性的

a lasting peace 持久的和平

9. prove

1) v 证明（to give proof of, show to be true)

eg: He has proved his courage in battle.

他在战役中证明了他的勇气。

eg: ` I wasn`t in London on May 3rd.` ` Can you prove that to the court?` “五月三日我不在伦敦。”“你能在法庭上证明这一点吗？”

2) v 实验（to test）

eg: In order to prove the servant`s honesty, she left a bag containing money on the table.

为了试探仆人是否诚实，她把一个装有钱的包留在桌子上。

3) 显示出

eg: On the long journey, he proved himself to be an amusing companion.

在漫长的旅途中间，他显示出自己是一个开心果。

proof

1) n 证明

eg: I believe what you say: I don`t want any proof.

我相信你说的话，不需要任何证明。

2) adj 防….的，耐…的

eg: This tent material is proof against water.

这个帐篷的材料是防水的。

n+proof = 防…的，耐…的

waterproof adj 防水的

bulletproof adj 防弹的

soundproof adj 隔音的

10. resin n 树脂，人造树脂

resin

eg: The insect in the resin seems alive.

树脂里的昆虫看起来象活的。

raisin n 葡萄干

eg: You can also make raisin scones.

你也可以做葡萄干烤饼。

11. skin

1) n (动物或人体的）皮，皮肤

a skin disease皮肤病

eg: Women like to have soft skin.

妇女们都想有细嫩的皮肤。

2) n (从动物体上剥取的)兽皮，毛皮

many skins needed to make a fur cast 做一件裘皮大衣需要很多毛皮

a coat made of sheepskin 羊皮大衣

3) (某些果实或蔬菜的）外皮，皮

banana skins 香蕉片

onion skins 洋葱皮

save one`s skin 逃命，免受损害

get under someone`s skin 使（某人）恼怒，惹怒（某人）

skin and bone(s) 很瘦，皮包骨

eg: You`re all skin and bones, son; Don`t they feed you well at school?

孩子，你瘦成皮包骨头了，难道学校里伙食不好吗？

under the skin 在内心里，在肚子里

12. section

1) n 切片

（a very thin flat piece cut from skin, plant growth,etc, to be looked at under a microscope)

2) 区域，部门，阶层，段落，章节

the business section of a city 城市的商业区

all sections of a country 全国各界

all sections of the population 全国各阶层

the section of an office dealing with record-keeping 负责档案管理的部门

sports section 体育版面

3) 剖面，截面

13. figure

1) n 人像，画像

eg: A group of figures on the left of the picture.

在照片左边的一群人。

2) 体型

do exercises to improve one`s figure 做运动以改进身材

body n 人本身，画家会使用body表示身材

figure 身材，尤其指穿上衣服而言

eg: She has a good figure.

她的身材很好。

eg: She has a bad figure.

她身材不好。

eg: She has a lovely figure.

她的身材非常好。

3) 要人，名士（相当于VIP)

eg: He was both a political and a religious figure in Indian history.

他是印度历史上政界和宗教界的要人。

4) 数字

5) cut quite a figure 露头角，放异彩，仪表甚佳

cut a poor figure 给人不好的印象，出丑，露拙相

14. normally

1) adv 正常地

behaving normally in spite of anxiety 尽管很担心，但表现正常

a normally active child 活泼正常的孩子

2) adv 通常地

eg: I normally go to bed early, but I stayed up late last night

. 我通常很早睡觉，但是昨天晚上我熬夜了。

stay up late 熬夜

normal

1)adj 正常的，一般的

normal working hours from 9 to 5 9点到5点的正常工作时间

normal temperatures 正常温度

normal temperatures during November 11月份的正常温度

2) （指人）正常发展的，身心正常的

a normal child in every way 各方面都很正常的孩子

normalize v （尤其指国家之间的关系）正常化

eg: Relations were slow to nomarlize after the war.

战后国家关心正常化很慢。

15. survive

1) v 死里逃生，大难不死

eg: We survived, though others died in the accident.

尽管其他人在事故中丧生了，我们死里逃生。

2) 经历…之后还活着

eg: We survived the accident.

我们幸免于难。

eg: She survived her sons.

她的儿子都先她去世了。

survivor n 死里逃生者，生还者，残存者

survival n 幸存，生还，死里逃生

hopes of survival 逃生的希望

【课文讲解】

1. The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.

定语从句：who died in 800 B.C.修饰an Egyptian woman 死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女

B.C. (Before Christ) 公元前

eg: Julius Caesar died in 44 B.C. . Julius Caesar

死于公元前44年。

A.D. (Anno Domini 拉丁语）公元（后）

eg: William the Conqueror invaded Britain in A.D. 1066.

William征服者于1066年入侵英国。

have an operation 接受手术

perform an operation on sb for… 给…做手术

eg: He`ll perform an operation on her for a diseased lung.

他要为她做肺部手术。

operation

1) n [u] 工作，操作

eg: The operation of a big new machine can be hard to learn.

一部大型新机器的操作室很难学会的。

2) n [c] 工作，行动

begin operations 开展业务

a difficult operation 一项艰巨的行动

2. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As

there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.

定语从句：the mummy is that of Shepenmut,这是Shapenmut木乃伊，那么Shapenmut是何许人也,后面的定语从句告诉我们，who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes 曾在Thebes神殿做过歌手的Shapenmut的木乃伊

X-Ray plates X光片子

taken of the mummy, taken是take的过去分词，整个过去分词短语作定语修饰X-ray plates，给木乃伊拍摄的X光片。

have been trying 现在完成进行时，一直试图

Whether the woman died of a rare disease是否这位妇女死于一种罕见的疾病。

Whether引导的宾语从句做find out 的宾语从句。

take the plates of… 给…拍片子

take a picture of sb 给…照相

find out

1）查出，揭露

eg I won`t tell you -you must find out for yourself.

我不会告诉你的，你必须自己去发现真相。

2）揭发（恶行）

eg I`ve found you out at last, you cheat!

我终于把你揭发了，骗子！

3）（美)寻找（某人）

to find out one`s relatives in China 寻找在中国的亲戚

find v 得知，发觉，查出

find the answer to a question 找出问题的答案

eg：Please find (out) what time they are coming.

请弄清楚他们什么时候来。

eg I find that I have plenty of time now.

我发觉我现在有很多时间。

die of 死于（内因）

die of a fever 死于高烧die of thirst 干渴而死

die in an acceident 死于事故die by drowning 溺水而死

die from a wound 死于外伤

die by one`s own hand 自杀

die hard (指旧观念，习俗等）一时很难根除，消失

3. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours,

proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.

The only way to do this was to operate 搞清楚的唯一方法就是做手术

to do this 是不定式做定语修饰the only way。

定语从句：The operation, which lasted for over four hours.

which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰operation 延续了四个多小时的手术

定语从句：which covered the skin 引导定语从句修饰hard resin 裹着皮肤的硬硬的树脂

prove to be +adj/ture out to be 显示出

skin n 皮肤

eg: Hard resin covered the skin.

裹着皮肤的硬硬的树脂。

leather n 皮革

eg: This briefcase is made of leather. 这个公文包是皮革做的。

complexion n 肤色

eg: Look at her rosy cheeks. She has a lovely complexion.

看她那玫瑰色的面颊，她的肤色真的太美了。

4. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also

found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef.

a section of the mummy木乃伊的一个切片

which引导的定语从句修饰something, 意思是他们还发现一些东西，什么东西呢？

定语从句给出答案，X光片所没有显示出来的东西

Duamutef 是古希腊神话中的一个神

wax n 蜡adj 蜡制的

candle n 蜡烛

a wax candle 蜡烛

wax figure 蜡像

6. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy.

定语从句, which has the head of a caw 修饰god,意思是有着牛头的神像

7. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy

would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened.

how引导一句话是宾语从句，做动词decide的宾语，意思是医生们至今还没有弄清楚这位妇女的死因

fear v 担心，恐怕

fear that(从句）担心…，恐怕…

eg: I fear we`ll be late. 我担心我们会迟到的。

for fear that…以免，因恐（fear是名词，因为for是介词，后面只能跟名词或者动名词）

eg: Shut the window for fear (that) it may rain.

关掉窗子，以免下雨。

fall to pieces 散掉，成为碎片

cut…open 把…切开

cut v （拍电影时）停拍

eg: `Cut!' shouted the director. “停”导演叫着。

cut and run （俚语）逃跑

8. The mummy successfully survived the operation.

survive 幸存，这里寓意没有因为手术被弄的支离破碎。

【关键词组摘录】

1. had an operation

2. take the plates of

3. find out

4. die of

5. rare disease

6. prove to be

7. wax figure

8. fall to pieces

9. survived the operation

【Key Structures】

一般过去时/现在完成时/现在完成进行时

一般过去时--- 表示过去某事发生的动作或处于的状态

eg: The Egyptian woman died in 800 B.C. .

这位埃及妇女死于公元前800年。时间状语是800B.C.是明确的过去时间，搭配一般过去时died

现在完成时--- 过去某个动作对现在存在的影响，或过去动作一直延续到现在还能延续下去

eg: The doctors haven’t yet decided how the woman died.

医生们至今还未能确定这位妇女的死因。至今未确定几一直延续现在，而且还要延续下去。

现在完成进行时构成：have/has been doing

含义：强调过去动作一直延续到现在，一直发生着，过去动作对现在存在着影响。

eg: They have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.

他们一直试图搞清楚这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。（have been trying to 一直试图，即动作一直发生着）Exercises: 用since, for, 或ago填空

1 He stayed with us for two weeks. 他和我们呆了2个星期。

2 She arrived two weeks ago.她2周之前到达的。

3 I have not seen him since Monday. 自从礼拜一我就没看到他。

4 He has been ringing up continually since lunchtime.从午餐起他一直在不停的打电话。

5 We waited for ages. 我们等了很长时间。

6 He left a month ago and I have not seen him since then.

7 It has not rained since March.

8 My grandparents lived here a long time ago. 我的祖父母很久以前住在这里.

9 I have not heard from him since 1993.自从1993年开始我就没有收到他的信。

10 We have been working on this new plane for over a year now.

我们在新的飞机上工作已经长达一年多了。

【Special difficulties】

Vocabulary

1. Even though she is old, she still has a good skin.

2. These seat covers are made of leather.

3. A baby`s skin is very soft.

4. It is pleasant to have a meal by candle light.

5. Homer lived around 800 B.C. .

Exercises

1. What did the woman die of? How did the woman die ?

Die of表示“死因”的意思，表原因，它后面跟的名词往往表示死的原因。

A How

B Where

C What

D When

2. It was difficult because of the hard resin covering the skin.

题干的意思是它很困难是因为裹着皮肤的坚硬的树脂。需要构成定语修饰hard resin,什么样的树脂呢？

裹着皮肤的坚硬的树脂

A covered 过去分词，也可做定语，但表示被动的含义，不符合逻辑

B which covering 语法错误，应该是which was covering

C in covering 是介词短语，不能构成定语

D covering

covering the skin是现在分词短语，相当于定语从句which was covered 或者which was covering. 这题考察的是现在分词做定语，含有主动的，进行的意思；而过去分词做定语则含有被动的完成概念。

3. They wanted to know if the woman had died of rare

illness.

A illness n 疾病

B pain

C ache

D hurt

BCD 都有表示“疼痛”的意思

4 She seemed marked out for political success from

an early age.

A marked up 标高…的价格

B. marked off 划分出

C. marked out 使—注意要

D．marked down 记下

新概念英语第一册第77课Lesson77课文单词知识点

【知识点讲解】 1. Can't you wait till this afternoon? 这是情态动词的否定疑问句，表示请求。 2. a.m. 指上午;p.m. 下午。这种表达适用于12小时制的时间算法，如果使用24小时制的，到下午15点则直接写15就好，不用再15p.m. Lesson77 NURSE: Good morning. Mr. Croft. MR. CROFT: Good morning, nurse. I want to see the dentist, please. NURSE: Do you have an appointment? MR. CROFT: No, I don't. NURSE: Is it urgent? MR. CROFT: Yes, it is. It's very urgent. I feel awful. I have a terrible toothache. NURSE: Can you come at 10 a.m.on Monday, April 24th? MR. CROFT: I must see the dentist now, nurse. NURSE: The dentist is very busy at the moment. Can you come at 2 p.m.? MR. CROFT: That's very late. Can the dentist see me now? NURSE: I'm afraid that he can't, Mr. Croft. Can't you wait till this afternoon? MR. CROFT: I can wait, but my toothache can't! 护 士：早上好，克罗夫特先生。 克罗夫特先生：早上好，护士。我想见牙科医生。 护 士：您约好了吗? 克罗夫特先生：没有。 护 士：急吗? 克罗夫特先生：是的，很急。我难受极了，牙痛得要命。 护 士：您在4月24日星期一上午10点钟来行吗? 克罗夫特先生：我必须现在就见牙科医生，护士。 护 士：牙科医生这会儿很忙。您下午两点钟来行吗? 克罗夫特先生：那就太晚了。牙科医生现在就不能给我看一下吗? 护 士：恐怕不能，克罗夫特先生。您就不能等到今天下午吗? 克罗夫特先生：我倒是可以等。 可是我的牙痛等不了啊!

裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记_第77课_课文讲解

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The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult…手术持续了4个多小时，非常难做…… (1)last表示“持续”、“延续”时为不及物动词，后面通常跟 一个表示时间的名词/短语，for可有可无： The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three years/until 1453. 这两个国家之间的战争持续了3年多/一直持续到1453年。 (2)prove表示“证明”、“证实”，后面能够跟从句、形容词、名词、不定式等： Weve been trying to sell our house, but its proved to be very difficult. 我们一直试图把房子卖掉，不过事实证明这很困难。 You should first prove that you bought these goods here. 你应该首先证明这些物品你是从这里买的。 (3)which引导的分句为非限定性关系从句，因为它前后都有逗号。非限定性关系从句提供补充信息，往往能够略去。逗号的取舍有时对 句子的意思有很大影响： The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular. 承诺减税的政府将赢得人心。(限定性) The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular. 这个政府承诺减税，它将会赢得人心。(非限定性)

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The modern city 现代城市 In the organization of industrial life the in?uence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the arti?cial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants of?ces and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edi?ces and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ?一理理的 代 ?人造的?生存?方式隺加规模 I 平庸的 ?一倒夺巨?大的?大厦南满拥塞without any idea of 完全忽视without giving any consideration to

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【派生词】lasting持久的 lastlong time经久不衰 【单词例句】 A：Los Angel Lakers won the championlast out。 A：洛杉矶湖人队今年再次嬴得了冠军。 B：They deserve it． B：这是他们应得的。 【单词例句】 A： How long will the match last? A：这场比赛会持续多久？ B： It will last one and a half hours. B：会持续一个半小时。 A： You need to be tough to survive in the jungle. A：你需要在丛林中艰难生存。 B： You can say that again. It's the challenge to the maximum of man's life. B：是啊，这是对人类极限的挑战。 prove [pruv] v显示出 【单词例句】 A： How's the workmanship of your products? A：你们的产品做工如何？ B： I'll let my products prove themselves.

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新概念英语第四册笔记-完整版

L1 Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. New words and expressions recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述 / ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次 record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后 叙述：recount : emotionless 重复 describe depict： a little emotional narrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。 portray：描述 saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事 legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家 anthrop：人 philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家 philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人） anthropology :人类学 带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学 geography 地理学 ecology 生态学 remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远 ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先 an- 在前面 forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先 rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉 leave me rot.＝leave me along rot to death. soon ripe,soon rotten. decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化 trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹 trace the problem i follow your trace＝i follow where you go polynesia 波利尼西亚 poly-多 polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wife flint /flint/ n.燧石 flinting hearted fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化石 cobble 鹅卵石 read of 读到 谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of near east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east 非限定性从句，表原因 oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词 counterpart: two things or two people have the same position oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart. preserve: 保留，保存（腌制） 如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的人 fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生 migration ：移民１）migrant ２）immigrant v. migrate:迁移，迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟 none: no body people＋s 民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. find out千方百计，费尽周折＝explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves however－anywhere you want ,加逗号 but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentence therefore－自由