(完整版)高考英语语法考点状语从句

上海高考英语语法考点：状语从句

在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。

一、时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely...when, the moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。

主将从现语法规则：时间, 条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。

No matter what he is, he will be punished. I will go if you go.

1.表示“一···就···”的句型

1) as soon as/once As soon as he arrives, I'll call you. “一…就，一旦...”

2) on doing sth./on one's + n. On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.

3) no sooner ...than , hardly/scarcely...when，不放句首，不倒装。

No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.

Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang.

4）the moment, the instant, the minute, the second

The moment I saw him, I recognized him. We'll leave the minute you are ready.

5)有些副词如：instantly, immediately, directly可用作连词，后接从句。

I left immediately the clock struck 5.

2. when, while, as引导时间状语从句

1) when既可指时间点，也可指时间段。从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的，主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。

I was thin when I was a child. It was raining when I arrived.

when在下列结构中, 译成“这时”,它引导的是并列句

be about to do ... when, be doing ... when, had done ···when, be on one's way ... when, be on the point of doing ... when

2)while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内

发生主句动作，相当于during the time that....

My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. I am safe while I am here. while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导并列句，作“然而”讲；并可在句首引出让步状语从句作“虽然···但”讲。I like watching TV, while he likes reading.

While he has his own car, he often uses mine.

3)as的用法

as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。As I left the house, I forgot the key.

as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着...”的意思，表时间的推移。

As I get older, I get more optimistic.

as表“一边…一边…”，引出伴随动作。He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。As he was going out, it began to rain.

as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。

As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.

3, before引导的时间状语从句

1)before引导的时间状语从句不用否定式谓语。

Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.

2)在“It be + 时间段+ before从句”句型中，译成“…才”，“…就”。

It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape from the containers.

It was not long before he came back.It was a week before he could tell his story.

It wasn't long before he told us about himself.

3)before可译成“未来得及” He had measured me before I could get a word.

4)before可译成“趁着还没” I'll write it down before I forget.

4, until和till

1)“延续性动词肯定式+until”表示“动作延续到…为止，”译为“直到…为止”，

I waited for him until he came back.

2)“终止性动词的否定式+ until”表示“直到···才”。

He didn't go to bed until he had finished his work.

3)用于强调句式“It is not until ...that ...”

It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.

4)not until放在句首时，主句倒装。句首和强调句中要用until，而不用till；not...until...句型中不用till。

5, since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从…时起”，主句要用完成时。

二、地点状语从句

1, 地点状语从句主要由where, wherever anywhere, everywhere引导。

We must camp where we can get water. I will follow you wherever you go.

2, 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：

where引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。

Go back where you came from.（where引导地点状语从句）

Go back to the village where you came from.（where引导定语从句）

三、原因状语从句

原因状语从句由because, as , since, now (that)（既然）, in that（因为，多于口语中）,seeing (that)（鉴于，由于）,considering that（考虑到）等引导。

1, because用来回答why的问题，表直接的因果关系，语气最强，可用于强调句。It was because he was ill that he didn't go with us.

because是连词，引导从句，because of是介词短语。

2, since, as, now that引导的原因状语从句，不能用于强调句。

since的语气比because稍弱，表示关系上的自然结果，特别用于原因已经清楚了的事情，一般译成“既然，鉴于”（往往放在主句之前）

Since you have known the secret, I needn't say anything about it.

3, as语气最弱，说明一般的因果关系，表显而易见的原因或倒果为因的说法，可放在主句之前，亦可放在主句之后。

As the ground is wet, it must have rained last night.（倒果为因）

4, now that用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论。now that放句首时that可省略：Now (that) everybody is here, let's begin.

5, for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，表示补充说明理由。而推断的理由会因人而异。语气很弱，一般后置。He must be ill, for he is absent today.

6, 原因状语从句有时可以用分词形式表现。

As he was blind, he couldn't see anything. Being blind, he couldn't see anything. 四、条件状语从句

1, 由if, unless（if...not）, so/as long as, supposing(that)（假设）, in case（万一…, 以防…）, so/as far as（就...而言）, on condition that（条件是...）, provided/providing (that)（假若）引导。I won't go unless I'm invited.

Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.

You may use the room as/so long as you clean it up afterwards.

2, “祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+陈述句”的句型中，相当于条件状语从句。Use your head, and you'll find a way. Hurry up or else (otherwise) you’ll be late.

3, if only也可以引导条件状语从句, If (only) it clears up, I will go.

If only he had told me last week, I would have given him some help.

4，条件句中的虚拟与倒装

1）if引导的条件状语从句若与过去或现在事实不符，或对未来进行不可能的假设，就要用虚拟语气。

2）省略if的虚拟条件从句：若条件从句的谓语动词有were, had或should,可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主语前构成倒装。

Had I arrived there earlier, I would have seen him.

Were it not for him, I would not have the chance to go home.

Should he be here tomorrow, I would give him a hand.

五、目的状语从句

由so that（以便），in order that（为了），for fear that（= in case）（以免），lest（以防）引导，谓语常含may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。They set out early so that they might arrive at the station in good time.

He wrote the name down for fear that（lest）he would forget.

当从句与主句主语一致时，可用to do, so as to do, in order to do结构换用。

六、结果状语从句

1, 常用的连词有so that，so ... that, such...that, that。结果状语从句中一般无情态动词。He had overslept so that he was late for work.

My pen fell under my desk that I couldn't see it.

2, so/such ...that：She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her.

=She is such a beautiful girl that all the boys of our class like her.

He spoke at the top of his voice so that the students at the back could hear him. (目的状语从句）He spoke at the top of his voice, so that the students at the back heard him. 他说话声音很高，结果后面的同学都听见了。(结果状语从句)

so that引导的结果状语从句一般要用逗号和主句隔开，从句里没有表目的的情态动词may, can, might或could。

3, many/few /much/little前只有so

here are so many apples on the desk that we each have one.

There is so little water that you can't drink.

little表“小，可爱”时，用such不用so修饰。

Such little children made so many toys.

名词such形副so, 多多少少还是so, little一词有多解，少是such小是so.

七、方式状语从句

由as, as if (as though)引导。Do as you like. He spoke as if he had been there before. as if, as though从句与事实相反时用虚拟语气，与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。八、比较状语从句

常用连词than, as ...as..., not as/so... as

He ran as far as he could. I'm not as/so tall as he/him.

the more ... the more...引导, 且经常以省略形式出现

The harder you try, the better you will understand.

九、让步状语从句

由though, although, as, even if/though , no matter wh-, wh-ever词，whether...or（不管...都），when, while等引导。

1, though, although这两个连词用法基本一样，前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与but连用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless连用。

Though /Although he was worn out, he kept on working.

2, as引导让步状语时，从句用倒装语序，Child as he is, he knows a lot. Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone. Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.

Great a scientist as he is, he remains modest.

Though可倒装可不倒装，although不可倒装.

Bravely though the players fought, they had no chance of winning.

3, even if（尽管；即使）, even though（尽管）

意义基本相同，可用于虚拟，表“即使”时有假设含义，一般用even if。

We'll make trip even if(though) the weather is bad.

Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.（虚拟）

4, “whether... or...”可引导让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 5, “no matter + wh-”引导让步状语从句

no matter who = whoever no matter what = whatever

no matter which = whichever no matter where = wherever

no matter how = however No matter what happened, he would not mind.

It's a nice room no matter whom (whoever) it belongs to.

“no matter + wh-”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“wh-ever”形式除引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句。whoever = anyone who

whatever = anything that，wherever = anyplace where

I will give the book to whoever needs it. I like whatever you like.

6, when引导让步状语从句时置于主句后，虽然···却···，尽管···但···，本应...，却...。He walks when he might take a taxi. when从句用虚拟式为：could/should ... have done，She stopped trying when she might succeed next time.

8, while引导让步状语从句时置于主句前，与though同，但though从句可倒装。

十、状语从句的省略现象

1, 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或为it, 同时从句谓语含be动词，就可省从句的主语和be动词。Don’t speak until (you are) spoken to.

if (it is) possible, If so, if necessary，if any，if in need。

2, 状语从句中now (that), so … (that)句式中，that可省略

3, 虚拟语气倒装结构中省略if。

上海高考英语语法练习状语从句

选择填空练习一

1.______ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.

A. Unless

B. Because

C. Although

D. When

2. He left in ______ a hurry ______ he forgot his key.

A. such, that

B. so, that

C. the same, as

D. such, as

3. He has loved me ______I were his son. A. because B. as C. if D. as though

4. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ______.

A. as last

B. in case

C. once again

D. in time

5. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ______ I could answer. A. as B. since C. before D. until

6. We must d o it well, ______there are a lot of difficulties.

A. as if

B. as though

C. even though

D. even as

7. ______ h as taken part in the Athens Olympic Games is worth praising no matter

______ he has won medals or not.

A. Who; if

B. Anyone; whether

C. Whoever; whether

D. Whoever; how

8. ---It’s a long time ______ I saw you last.

---Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time ______ we see each other again. A. before; since B. since; when C. since; before D. when; before

9. The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort______ he

returned to his office. A. until B. while C. by the time D. the moment

10. He had already walked three or four miles______ he saw a cart by the side of the

road. A. while B. when C. the moment D. unless

11. Much ______ the young couple needed money to make the down payment for

the apartment, they wouldn’t ask their parents for help.

A. although

B. as

C. even if

D. while

12. I have kept the photo ______ I can always see it, as it reminds me of the days

when I studied in Britain. A. at which B. when C. where D. at the place

13. I would appreciate it ______ you can help me with my English this afternoon.

A. because

B. until

C. when

D. if

14. ______ you may be right, I can’t altogether agree.

A. As

B. While

C. If

D. Since

15.______ was 1998 ______ I graduated from the university.

A. It; when

B. It; that

C. That; when

D. That; that

16. The famous scientist grew up ______ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever

17. “It gives me great joy and I feel more pressure than I did ______ I won in China,”

Ding Junhui said. A. that B. when C. which D. how

18. Parents should take seriously their children’s request s for sunglasses ______ eye

protection is necessary in sunny weather.

A. because

B. through

C. unless

D. if

19. John shut everyone out of the kitchen _____ he could prepare his grand surprise

for the party. A. which B. when C. so that D. as if

20. ______ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk an y more.

A. For

B. Even

C. Since

D. However

1-5 AADBC 6-10 CCCDB 11-15 BCDBA 16-20 CBACC

练习二

1. _______ he’s old, he can still ca rry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So

2. ---Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us?

---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.

A. comes; is

B. comes; will be

C. will come; is

D. will come; will be

3. In the zoo if a child ____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ____ him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping

4. I don’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young.

A. what

B. which

C. where

D. who

5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow.

A. comes

B. come

C. will come

D. is coming

6. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. don’t; whe n C. not to; until D. not; after

7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike.

A. when

B. that

C. until

D. because

8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow.

A. will be

B. shall be

C. am

D. was

9. In the exam, the ________ you are, the _______ mistakes you will make.

A. careful; little

B. more careful; fewest

C. more careful; fewer

D. more careful; less

10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to play.

A. before

B. after

C. when

D. while

11. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless

12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though

13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him.

A. for

B. so that

C. because

D. in order

14. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since

15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk.

A. a lovely day

B. too lovely a day

C. so lovely a day

D. such lovely a day

16. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day.

A. such

B. so

C. too

D. very

17. ___ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if 1-5 ACBCA 6-10 CDCCA 11-15 BCBAC 16-17 BA