文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 专八人文知识总结

专八人文知识总结

专八人文知识总结
专八人文知识总结

一、古英语时期的英国文学(499-1066)

1、贝奥武夫

2、阿尔弗雷德大帝:英国散文之父

二、中古英语时期的英国文学

1、allegory体非常盛行

2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度

3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士

4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》

5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体)

6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》

三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学(伊丽莎白时代)(14-16世纪)

1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》

2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet

3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》

《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活;现代长篇小说的先驱

4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人;斯宾塞体诗节;

5、莎士比亚:

长篇叙事诗:《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》

四大悲剧:哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白

7、本.琼森风俗喜剧(comedy of manners)《人性互异》

8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人

9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣

10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一

《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑

《学术的推进》和《新工具》

四、启蒙时期(18世纪)

1、约翰、弥尔顿:《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》

2、约翰、班扬:《天路历程》religious allegory

3、约翰、德莱顿:英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人;

《论戏剧诗》

4、亚历山大.蒲柏:英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表;英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用;《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作

5、托马斯、格雷:感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》

6、威廉、布莱克:天真之歌、经验之歌;

7、罗伯特、彭斯:苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人;

8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》

9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一;《鲁滨逊漂流记》;《铲除非国教徒的捷径》,仪表达自己的不满;

10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》;《格列佛游记》;《桶的故事》;

11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人;帕米拉;克拉丽莎;查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵

12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人;《约瑟夫。安德鲁》;《汤姆.琼斯》,英国现实主义小说的最高成就;

13、劳伦斯、斯特恩:感伤主义小说的杰出代表,《项狄传》,第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品;《感伤的旅行》

14、Oliver Goldsmith:《好心人》;《屈伸求爱》;《威客菲尔德牧师传》,感伤主义文学;诗歌《荒村》从新古典主义向浪漫主义过渡的标志;

散文作品《世界公民》;

15、谢里丹:《造谣学校》,莎士比亚之后最杰出的英国喜剧,是整个英国史上最优秀的作品之一;达到英国“风俗喜剧”之巅;

五、维多利亚时期的英国文学(19世纪)

1、威廉、华兹华斯:桂冠诗人;《独自云游》《孤独的割麦女》

《抒情歌谣集》最杰出的诗篇;

《序曲》;

2、柯勒律治:《古舟子咏》《忽必烈汗》《克里斯贝尔》

3、骚赛:桂冠诗人;《Thalaba the destroyer》是骚赛最重要的长篇史诗之一;另一各是《格拉玛的诅咒》

4、乔治、戈登、拜伦:《唐璜》

5、雪莱:《阿多尼》,悼念济慈,英国史上最杰出的挽歌之一;

《西风颂》、《解放了的普罗米修斯》《致云雀》《诗辩》(A defence of poetry);

6、约翰、济慈:《圣。阿格尼斯节前夕》是使人最杰出的作品之一;

许多颂歌:《秋颂》《夜莺颂》《希腊古翁颂》

7、阿尔弗雷德、丁尼生:《Break,break,break,》;《公主》;

《悼念In memoriam》英国史上最优秀的挽歌之一;

8、罗伯特、布朗宁:首创dramatic monologue;

《环与树》英国19世纪最杰出的长诗之一;

9、伊丽莎白、布朗宁:《孩子们的哭声》;

10、托马斯、昆西:《一个抽鸦片人的独白》,对詹姆斯、乔伊斯和T.S 艾略特产生一定影响;

11、沃尔特、司各特:历史小说之父;

12、简、奥斯汀

13、勃朗特三姐妹

14、乔治、艾略特:原名玛丽安、伊万斯;19世界现实主义小说的杰出代表,同时是多产且学识渊博的作家;《亚当、比的》、《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》《织工马南》《米德尔马契》

15、盖斯凯尔夫人:《玛丽巴顿》;《夏洛蒂勃朗特传》

16、查尔斯、狄更斯:

乐观时期:《波兹特写》《匹克维克外传》《雾都孤儿》《老古玩店》;

不乐观时期:《美国札记》《董贝父子》《大卫科波菲尔》

后期:《荒凉山庄》《艰难时事》《双城记》《远大前程》

17、萨克雷:《名利场》《亨利埃斯蒙德》《纽克母一家》

18、托马斯、哈代:

《远离尘嚣》《还乡》《喀斯特桥市长》《威塞克斯故事集》

《列王》the dynasts:哈代思想艺术集大成之作

19、约瑟夫、路德亚林、吉普林(Joseph Rudyard Kipling)1907年诺贝尔文学奖;

20:约瑟夫、康拉德:《黑暗的心》

21:奥斯卡、王尔德

六、20世纪的英国文学

1、愤怒的青年:金斯利、埃米斯(幸运儿吉姆);艾伦、西里脱(星期六晚上和星期天早上);约翰、奥斯本(愤怒的回顾);

2、叶芝:爱尔兰使人《芦苇的风》《库尔的野天鹅》《驶向拜占庭》

3、John Galsworthy:《福尔赛世家》三部曲the man of property; in chancery; to let;

4、Herbert George wells:现代科幻小说:modern science fiction的鼻祖;《时间机器》

5、Arnold Bennett: 贝内特是现实主义小说家,《老妇谭》是20世纪英国小说的一部经典作品;

6、毛姆:《人生的枷锁》

7、Henry James,现代主义小说的先行者,承上启下的人物;

小说评论集:《小说的艺术》;

《黛西.米勒》

8、劳伦斯

9、詹姆斯、奥古斯汀、乔伊斯:

《都柏林人》《一个青年艺术家的画像》《芬尼根守灵夜》《尤利西斯》,全世界范围内意识流创作的最高成就和传世之作;

10、弗吉尼亚、伍尔夫:《雅各布的房间》《到灯塔去》《浪》;

11、E.M.Forster: 《通往印度之路》

12、萧伯纳:《易卜生主义的精华》

《鳏夫的房产》《华伦夫人的职业》《英国佬的另一个岛》《圣女贞德》《皮格马利翁》

13、Willian Golding:1983诺贝尔文学奖,《蝇王》;

14、约翰、福尔斯:《法国中尉的女人》;

15、Samuel Beckett塞缪尔贝克特:1969诺贝尔文学奖获得者,《等待戈多》;《残局》;

16、哈罗德品特:萧伯纳之后英国最重要的剧作家,2005年诺贝尔文学奖得住;

《看管人》《送菜升降机》《背叛》

17、TS艾略特

18、塞、戴、刘易斯:1968获桂冠诗人;

19、飞利浦、拉金:运动派诗人的领袖;

美国文学:

一、殖民地时期的美国文学

1、约翰史密斯:美国文学的第一个作家,《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》;

2、纳撒尼尔沃德:《北美的阿格瓦姆鞋匠》,北美讽刺文学第一笔;

3、威廉布拉德福德:美国历史之父,《普利茅斯种植园史》

4、安妮、布拉德斯特利特《第十个缪斯》

5、迈克尔威格尔斯沃斯

6、爱德华泰勒长诗《上帝对其选民有影响的决定》

7、乔纳森爱德华兹:大觉醒运动中主要的思想家;

二、南北战争时期的美国文学()

1、富兰克林

2、托马斯、潘恩:《长诗》

3、托马斯、杰弗逊:《独立宣言》

4、约翰、伍尔曼:《日记》

5、飞利浦、弗瑞诺:美国独立革命的诗人

6、飞利浦、惠特利:美国文学史上第一位出版诗集的黑人女诗人,了不起的诗才之称,《胡塞先生和棺木》;

7、威廉、邓拉普:美国戏剧之父

8、华盛顿、欧文:美国文学之父,《见闻札记》《睡古传说》《温克尔》

9、詹姆斯菲尼莫尔库珀:《开拓者》《最后一个莫干希人》《探路人》

10、威廉、布莱恩特:美国的华兹华斯,《诗选》《黄色的紫罗兰》《致水鸟》

11、爱伦、坡:侦探小说的鼻祖,《厄舍古厦的倒塌》《乌鸦》

12、艾默生:超验主义,

13、大卫梭罗

14、亨利、费朗罗:《伊凡吉林》歌颂爱情;《海华沙之歌》第一部描写印第安人的史诗;

15、纳撒尼尔、霍桑:《范肖》《带七个尖角阁的房子》《福谷传奇》以第一人称叙述;

16、麦尔维尔

17、斯托夫人的代表作《汤姆叔叔的小屋》

18、惠特曼:free verse;草叶集;

三、第一次世界大战时期的美国文学

1、豪威尔斯是美国现实主义文学的奠基人,其代表作诗《塞拉斯拉帕姆的发迹》;

2、亨利、詹姆斯:《黛西米勒》;《贵妇人的画像》《美国人》

3、马克吐温

4、赫姆林加兰:加兰是“乡土文学作家”的重要代表,《大路》,80年代美国的真实写照;

5、弗兰克诺里斯:开创自然主义的先河,代表作《章鱼》;

6、欧亨利:美国现代短篇小说的创始人;

7、杰克伦敦:自然主义,《马丁伊登》自传体小说

8、西奥多、德莱赛:美国现代小说的先驱,20世纪美国文学中第一位杰出的作家;《嘉莉妹妹》,《欲望三部曲》:《金融家》《巨人》《斯多葛》;

9、艾米丽迪金森:现代英美诗歌的先驱;

四、一战到二战时期的美国文学

1、罗伯特弗罗斯特:四次获得普利策奖

2、庞德:印象派诗歌运动的主要力量;

3、爱德华、肯明斯:视觉诗歌的创始人;

4、尤金、奥尼尔:《天边外》早起作品;《送冰人来了》;《长夜漫漫路迢迢》,1936年获得诺贝尔文学奖;

5、辛克莱、刘易斯:1930年获得诺贝尔文学奖;第一个获得该奖项的美国作家,《大街》《巴比特》

6、海明威:

7、菲茨杰拉德:《人间天堂》《了不起的盖茨比》《夜色温柔》

8、赛珍珠:《大地》1938年美国历史上第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的女性作家;

9、《约翰、斯坦贝克:20世纪美国文坛最重要的作家之一,1962年获得诺贝尔文学奖;《天堂的牧场》《煎饼坪》《愤怒的葡萄》《月落》《烦躁的冬天》

10、福克纳:《喧哗与骚动》《寓言》获得普利策奖;最重要的作品三部曲:《村子》《小镇》《大宅》

11、兰斯顿休斯:哈莱姆的桂冠诗人

五、二战以后的美国文学

1、杰克、开鲁亚克:垮掉的一代,《在路上》

2、塞林格:垮掉的一代的重要作家,《麦田的守望者》

3、纳博科夫:《洛丽塔》

4、约瑟夫、海勒:《第22条军规》

5、库特、冯尼格:黑色幽默手法;

6、威廉、斯泰轮:《苏菲的选择》

7、辛格:美国犹太作家,1978年诺贝尔文学奖《路柏林的魔术师》

8、索尔、贝娄:1976年诺贝尔文学奖;《晃来晃去的人》

9、菲利普、罗斯:《美国牧歌》,获普利策奖;

10、托尼、莫里森:1993年获得诺贝尔,第一位美国黑人作家;《最蓝的眼睛》《所罗门之歌》

11、田纳西、威廉斯:《欲望号街车》《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》

12、阿瑟、米勒:《推销员之死

英美概况总结

1.Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except __D___.

英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。

A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.

B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.

C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.

D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.

2.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The monarch has very little power.

英国是君主立宪制国家,国王或女王(君主)几乎没什么实质性的权力。

3.the Conservative Party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them? 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说,保守党是中上层阶级的党,它得到大公司财政上的支持;而工党主要得到工会的支持,它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。

4.On accepting Bill of Rights, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with pow ers limited by Parliament, began.

《权利法案》的签署,标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代,一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。

5.Females were allowed to vote in national elections until 1918.

直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。

6.The British North America Act of 1867 established Canada as a domain.

《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。

7.During World War II, as a war leader,Winston Churchill received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945. 在第二次世界大战中,当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴,并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。

8.The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and Argentina.

福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地,1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿,但是英国最终打败了阿根廷,并重新占领了这些岛屿。

9.In Britain, a by-election is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.

英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时,就要进行补缺选举。

10.In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.在英国,部长们是由首相推荐,女王加以任命的。

11.There are 651 members in the House of Commons. 下议院共有651名议员。

12.Which of the following people didn’t use to be th e British Prime Minister? (c)

A.Margaret Thatcher

B.Winston Churchill

C.Horatio Nelson

D.John Major

撒切尔夫人,丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相;而纳尔逊(1758-1805),英国海军统帅,因作战负伤,右眼失明,失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令,在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队,本人受重伤阵亡,号称V iscount Nelson。

13.By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed Prime Minister by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. 在英国,按照传统,多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相,首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。

14.The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party, which still bears this nickname today.

托利党是英国保守党的前身。

15.In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.

在英国,在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党,它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁(shadow cabinet)。

16.The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s economic decline.

现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。

17.The 1980s was remembered as the decade of privatization.

正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样,20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。

18.Today, in Britain,coal mining is called a “sick”industry.

英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点,如今的英国的煤矿业衰退,从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。

19.The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor James Watt modified and improved the design in 1765.

第一台蒸汽机是Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的,后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高,生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。

20.The Industrial Revolution created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism. 工业革命产生了工人阶级,即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。

21.Cotton Textile is the key to Industrial Revolution. 纺织业的改革是英国工业革命的主要成就之一。

22.Romanticism became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution.

工业革命时期的主要文学流派是浪漫主义。

23.Modern football game began in England.

现代的足球运动起源于英国。其正宗的老家在英格兰,19世纪兴起。

24.Prime Minister is the leader of the British government.

英国的政体是君主立宪制。国王(女王)是国家元首,但政府的首领为首相。

25.The second largest city in England,Birmingham, is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city. 英国的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格兰中部平原,是国际化大都市,也是英国的工业和制造业中心。

26.The Romans introduced Christianity into Britain. 公元43年,罗马人占领英国,其后统治了400多年。基督徒就是在这一时期由罗马人传入英国的。

27.The real power of the British government lies in the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister.

君主立宪制下,国王的作用更侧重于其象征意义,而实权为内阁所有,内阁由首相率领。

28.In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 to 16.

英国的教育体系中的义务教育阶段是5-16岁,这是每一位学生在学校学习的最低年限。

29.The longest river in Britain is the Severn River, and the largest river in the USA is the Mississippi.

英国最长的河是塞文河,全长355公里,美国最长的河是密西西比河,长4000公里左右。

30.The general election in Britain is held every five years. 英国大选每5年举行一次。

31.Which of the following tribes first came to Britain? (D)

A Roman

B Anglo-Saxons

C Jutes

D Celts

凯尔特在公元前700年到英国,罗马人在公元1到5世纪统治英国,5世纪中期盎格鲁撒克逊人侵占英国,因此凯尔特人是最早踏入英国的。

32.The Hundred Y ears’ War between Britain and France was fought from 1337 to 1453.

英法百年战争爆发于1337年到1453年间,中间还发生了黑死病。

33.The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year 1949.爱尔兰共和国在1949年独立。

34.The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution.英国内战于1642年到1646年间发生,国王查尔斯与议会发生争执,实际上是国王与清教徒之间的矛盾引起的,结果议会胜利。

35.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east, 英国南面与法国隔着英吉利海峡。

36.The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh.英国最大的湖是内伊湖,最长的河流是塞文河。

37.The majority of people in Scotland live in the central Lowlands?

苏格兰中低部适合人类生存,是苏格兰工业和人高度集中的地区。

38.In Britain only about 2% of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area. 由于英国农作业时的高度机械化,只需利用全国2%的人口来耕作大面积农地。

39.The two important crops in Britain are wheat and barley.小麦和大麦是英国最重要的庄稼。

40.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can legally receive completely free education.

英国的义务教育是从5岁到16岁,所以期间的教育全部免费。

41.Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper? (D)

A The Telegraph

B The Guardian

C The News of the World

D The Times

英国历史上最悠久的日报是《泰晤士报》。

42.The river Thames is in England.泰晤士河位于英格兰。

43.The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain. 工业革命最早从英国开始。

44.Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration? (C)

A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.

B Public housing became more important.

C Many public houses were sold to people.

D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.

1979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其内容包括国有企业私有化,采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀,削弱工会的影响,加强市场因素在经济中的作用,将公有住房卖给公众,强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲,她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。

45.Britain has its nuclear naval force since it’s a traditional sea power.

英国拥有其海军核力量与其一贯的霸主地位是密切相关的。

46.Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain? (C)

A The Times

B The Guardian

C The Observer

D The Financial Times

《观察家报》创刊于1791年,是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。

47.Big Ben was named after Benjamin Hall.

据说Big Ben 得名于它在1859年修建时候的建造者Benjamin Hall。

48.The Capital of Wales is Cardiff. 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府:加的夫。

49. Portsmouth is England’s biggest naval base. 英国最大的海军基地是普茨茅斯。

50.There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and the Labour Party.

英国奉行的是两党制。其两大主要政党是保守党和工党。

1. Which name is NOT related to Britain? (D)

A Northern Ireland

B Scotland

C Wales

D Toronto

2. The news agency Reuters was founded in London. 路透社创建于伦敦。

3. The tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the Conqueror. 伦敦塔是1078年为防止罗马入侵由威廉大帝修建的。

4. The Anglo-Saxon were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.

英国民族的前身是安格鲁萨克森人。

5. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland. 格拉斯格是苏格兰最大的城市和经济中心。

6. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can legally receive completely free education.

英国小孩5—16岁的教育是免费的。

7. The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain. 工业革命起源于英国。

8. Ben Nevis is the name of Britain’s highest mountain? 本尼维斯山为英国最高峰。

9. The United Kingdom is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way. 提起英国,很多人会使用名字“Britain”,“England”或“British”,但这往往会惹恼苏格兰人,威尔士人以及北爱尔兰人。从政治角度来讲,“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”或“the United Kingdom/UK”是英国正确的叫法。“the British Isles”则是地理意义上的名字,包括Great Britain,the whole of Ireland (Northern and Southern),the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 这些岛屿。

10 Britain has, for centuries , been slowly tilting with the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking.英国几个世纪以来地势一直在缓慢地倾斜,表现为西北部在慢慢上升,而东南部在慢慢下沉,所以英国的西北部为高地。

11. The two areas in Britain where a lot of immigrants live are London and heart of England. 现在,英国移民主要集中在伦敦及英格兰心脏地带的一些城市和城镇,诸如Slough, Leicester, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Luton, Bradford, Coventry, Bedford 和Reading等等。

12. The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses.

英国国旗为红白蓝三色的米字旗(也叫“Union Jack”),是由三个十字组成。

13. Which flower is symbol of England? (D)

A Thistle

B Shamrock

C Daffodil

D Rose

A,蓟是苏格兰的象征,用作苏格兰的国徽;B,三叶苜蓿花为爱尔兰的国花;C,黄水仙花是威尔士的国花;D,玫瑰则是英格兰的国花。

14. Lake District was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain. 位于英格兰西北部和威尔士北部的湖区是英国著名的风景区之一,也是英国十九世纪湖畔诗人聚居的地方。

15. The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians. 最早来英国定居的是伊比利亚人。大约

在公元前3000年左右,也就是新石器时代,他们从伊比利亚半岛(即今天的西班牙)来到英国。

16. Julius Caesar invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC. 英国的历史是从罗马人的入侵开始的。恺撒,这位伟大的罗马将军,在公元前55年第一次带兵入侵并征服了英国。

17. Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain? (c)

A The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class.

B The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuries

C The Romans didn’t like t he Britons.

D The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.

尽管罗马人征服了英国,但是罗马文化对英国的影响十分有限。这主要是因为:罗马人一直把英国人看作是社会地位相当于奴隶的被降伏的民族;在长达四个世纪的时间里从来没有罗马人跟英国人通婚;罗马人对英国平民阶层的语言和文化没有任何影响。

18. The Hundred Y ears’ war with France ended by the English being driven out of France. By 1453 Calais was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.

英法之间的百年战争以英国人被赶出法国而告终。到1453年战争结束时,只有法国北部的加莱港还在英国人手里。

19. Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feudalism? (A)

A The Wars of the Roses

B The Hundred Y ears’ War

C The English Civil War

D World War I

尽管玫瑰战争持续了30年,但对老百姓的生活几乎没什么影响,反倒使英国的封建主义受到致命打击,贵族阶层受到了削弱。

20. The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution , is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history. 英国内战也叫“清教徒革命”,这是因为反对国王的人大部分是那些清教徒。英国内战不仅推翻了英国的封建制度,也动摇了欧洲封建统治的基础。所以,从这个角度讲,英国内战通常被看作现代世界史的开端。

21. Scotland is the home of golf. 高尔夫是一项古老的贵族的运动,源于十五世纪或更早以前的苏格兰,苏格兰地区山多,气候湿润,多雾,非常适合牧草生长,这里的工业文明以前是连绵不断的牧场。相传当时牧羊人放牧闲暇时,用木板玩游戏,将石子击入兔子窝或洞中。

久而久之形成了使用不同的球杆并按一定的规则击球。

22.Which of the follwing languages is NOT spoken in Scotland? (D)

A English

B Scottish

C Gaelic

D Denish

Gaelic苏格兰盖尔语是高地苏格兰人的传统语言;更多人使用的语言是英语。一直到15世纪末,盎格鲁人仍然以他们的语言称苏格兰盖尔语为「苏格兰语」(盎格鲁语:Scottish)。

23.The election of 1979 made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister. Margaret Thatcher 在1979年成为英国首相,为英国史上第一个女首相。

24.To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 具体的说,英国的议会是由元首,上议院和下议院组成。其中,元首没有实权,上议员由大法官(Lord Chancellor)掌权,是由神职议员(the Lord Spiritual)和世俗议员(the Lord Temporal),下议院的成员是通过选举产生的651名议员,以首相为首。

25.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the Conqueror.伦敦塔名为“塔”,实际上是公元11世纪处于罗马统治时期的一座城堡式建筑。

26.There are two state churches in Britain. 英国有两大国教:在英格兰是英格兰教(Church of England)或者英国圣公会,在苏格莎白的头衔全称为“托上帝宏恩,大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合国和她的其他领土和领地的女王、英联邦元首、基督教的保护者伊丽莎白二世”。可见,英女王是基督教的保护者。

27.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son Richard, the regime began immediately to collapse.

Oliver Cromwell的儿子在父亲过世后继承王权,但是不久后掌控的政体瓦解。1660年,议会扶植流浪法国的前国王儿子Charles二世当国王。

28. The twenty-first birthday is a great event in Britain since it marks the beginning of full manhood or womanhood.在英国,21岁生日是个大生日,因为他们认为21岁是大人开始的年龄。

29.Reuters was founded in 1851. 路透社是世界四大通讯社之一,也是英国创办最早的通讯社。1850年由保罗·朱利叶斯·路透(paul julius reuter)在德国亚琛创办,1851年迁址到

伦敦。创办人路透原为德国人,后加入英国籍。1865年,路透把他的私人通讯社扩展成为一家大公司。

英国文学

1. Irony refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.

irony是指“反讽”,揭示事物表面与真相的差别。

2. Tennyson was recognized as the greatest poet of V ictorian England.

Aflred Tennyson 被称为维多利亚时代最杰出的英国诗人。他的主要作品为:The Princess,Maud 和短诗Break,Break,Break。

3.James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT__C__.

A Dubliners

B A Potrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man

C Jude the Obscure

D Ulysses Jude the Obscure是Thomas Hardy的作品。

4.Which of the follwing poets is different from the others? A

A John Donne

B John Keats

C Lord Byron

D Percy Bysshe Shelley

除了John Donn是玄学派诗人外,另外三位为浪漫主义派诗人。

5.William Wordsworth is an English _A___.

A poet

B novelist

C playwright

D critic

William Wordsworth是英国前浪漫主义诗人。

6.The compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language is Samuel Johnson.

Samuel Johnson(1709-1784)编写的《英语字典》是之后所有英语字典的基石。

7.My Last Duchess is a monologue poem written by Robert Browning.

Robert Browning(1812-1889)擅于写独角剧,他的代表作是My Last Duchess和Meeting at Night。

8. "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by John Keats.

Beauty is truth, truth beauty是John Keats的写作宗旨,他用尽毕生精力追求能够表达一切美丽事物的诗篇。

9. Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by John Miltom.《失乐园》和《复乐园》均为John Milton作。

10. James Joyce mostly wrote about his hometown Dublin.

James Joyce出生于爱尔兰的首都都柏林,主要作品有:A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man,Ulysses。故事合集Dubliners。

专八2003-人文知识真题及答案精编版

2003年英语专八人文知识真题 31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America. [A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day 32. The university of Dublin was not founded until . [A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century 33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898. [A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party 34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to . [A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century [C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the ?fth century, the seventh century 35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens? [A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times [C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers 36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period. [A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams 37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age. [A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound 38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories. [A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent [C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government 39. studies the sound systems in a certain language. [A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics 40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called . [A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualism 2004年英语专八人文知识真题 31. The following are products imported by Australia from China EXCEPT . [A] food [B] textiles [C] steel products [D] electronics 32. Scots regard as the most important festival in a year. [A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter 33. The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became Prime Minister in 1992. [A] John Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keating 34. was known for his famous speech "I have a dream". [A] John F. Kennedy [B] Martin Luther King, Jr [C] Abraham Lincoln [D] Thomas Jefferson 35. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. [A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Johnson [C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] Henry Feilding 36. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .

专八人文知识(练习题)

专八人文知识(练习题) 篇一:★英语专八人文知识题与答案 英语专业八级人文知识 试题(1) 美国概况练习题: 1. The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____. 2. The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____. 3. The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____. 4. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____. has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 6. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____. years. institutions. 9. The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________. 10. _____ (which state ) is not governed by the common law. 练习题答案及题解:

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡:英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡,分割英法两国,连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口:是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法:1801年英国议会通过法令,规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语:是盖尔特语言的一种,在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.

2015专八人文知识资料

人文知识汇 (十) 1. ____ is the oldest of all the parties in Ireland. A Finn Gael B The Progressive Democrats C Finna Fail D The Irish Labor Party 2. The largest state of all the states of America is___. A Texas B Alaska C California D Hawaii 3. had the title “the Wizard of Menlo Park”. A John Stevens B Charlie Chaplin C Thomas A Edison D Robert Fulton 4. major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures. A Loenardo da Vinci's B Titian C Raphael D Michelangelo 5. Which of the following was best known for his Madona (Virgin Mary)? ___ A Raphael B Michelangelo C Da Vinci D Titian 6. The first American President who inaugurated in Washington City was__. A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson C John Adants D Andrew Jackson 7. The “Big Stick”Policy was advanced by President__. A Franklin D. Roosevelt B William Mckinley C Thomas Woodrow Wilson D Theodore Rooservelt 8. What is the largest river in America? A the Ohio River B The Columbia C the Mississippi River D The Colorado 9. The United States is ___ populous country in the world. A the third most B the second most C the most D the fourth most 10.Which of the following is the father of the modern mode of painting? __ A Raphael B Titain C Loenardo da Vinci D Michelangelo 答案: 1.选D.爱尔兰最古老的政党是工党(The Irish Labour Party),Finna Fail是爱尔兰的最大党,又称命运战士党(Soldiers of Destiny) 2.选B. Alaska(阿拉加斯州)是位于北美洲西北部,与美国本土48周不毗连,是美国所有州中面积最大的州。而在美国大陆,最大的州市Texas(得克萨斯州);美国最小的州是Rhode Island(罗得岛州) 3.选C.Thomas A Edison (爱迪生,1847-1931)美国著名的发明家,获得电灯、留声机、电影放映机等10093项发明专利权,1876年创办世界第一个工业试验室。“the Wizard of Menlo Park”(门洛帕奇的奇才)是人们对爱迪生的别称。Wizard指奇才,Menlo Park是新泽西州东北部的爱迪生纪念塔及州立公园所在地。 4.选A.达芬奇的《最后的晚餐》是世界上最有名的以宗教为主题的绘画作品,其《蒙娜丽莎》是世界俄上不朽的人物肖像画。他与Michelangelo (米卡朗琪罗),Raphael (拉斐尔)和Titian (提香)是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期的四大代表。 5.选A. Raphael (拉斐尔,1483-1520)是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期著名的画家、建筑师,其代表作《圣母玛利亚》(Virgin Mary)影响深远。 6.选B.Thomas Jefferson (托马斯?杰斐逊),美国第2届总统(1801-1809),是the Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》的主要起草者,杰斐逊是第一位在首都华盛顿宣誓就职的总体。 7.选D.“Big Stick”(大棒政策)指以军事力量为后盾的外交政策。此语出于Theodore Roosevelt (西奥多?罗斯福总统)喜欢引用的西非谚语“说话温柔,大棒在手。”西奥多?罗斯

专八人文知识总结(终)

专八人文知识总结(终) 英语专业八级考试人文知识 -- 文学 Ⅰ英国文学 一、 The Anglo-Saxon period古英语时期的英国文学(499-1066) The Song of Beowulf(贝奥武甫):英国的民族史诗(epic),口头文学遗产 二、 The Anglo-Norman period中古英语时期的英国文学(1066-1350) 1、 allegory非常盛行 2、 Romance(传奇文学):Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 高文爵士和绿衣骑 士 3、Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟: “Father of English poetry”被誉为英国诗歌之父,代表作The Canterbury Tales,首引入“英雄偶句体”(the Heroic Couplet),。 4、Ballads 民谣:Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》。 三、 The Renaissance文艺复兴时期的英国文学(伊丽莎白时代)(14-16世纪) 1、 Thomas More托马斯·莫尔: Utopia《乌托邦》 2、 Thomas Wyatt 最先将sonnet引入英国文学。 3、 Philips Sidney锡德尼:An Apology for Poetry((also known as The Defense of Poetry)《为诗辩护》,这是伊丽莎白时代文学批评的最佳之作。Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活;现代长篇小说的先驱。 4、Edmund Spenser斯宾塞: The Fairy Queen《仙后》, the greatest epic poem of the time. 5、William Shakespeare莎士比亚:plays and sonnets 四大悲剧:《哈姆雷特》Hamlet《奥赛罗》Othello《李尔王》king Lear《麦克白》Macbeth 四大喜剧:《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice 《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night's Dream《皆大欢喜》As You Like It《第十二夜》Twelfth night 7、Ben Johnson 本·琼森风俗喜剧(comedy of manners)《人性互异》 8、 John Donne约翰·多恩metaphysical poet“玄学派”诗歌创始人

专八人文知识总结

英国文学 一、古英语时期的英国文学(499-1066) 1、贝奥武夫 2、阿尔弗雷德大帝:英国散文之父 二、中古英语时期的英国文学 1、allegory体非常盛行 2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度 3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士 4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》 5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体) 6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》 三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学(伊丽莎白时代)(14-16世纪) 1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》 2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet 3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活;现代长篇小说的先驱 4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人;斯宾塞体诗节; 5、莎士比亚: 长篇叙事诗:《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧:哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白 7、本.琼森风俗喜剧(comedy of manners)《人性互异》 8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人 9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣

10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一 《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑 《学术的推进》和《新工具》 四、启蒙时期(18世纪) 1、约翰、弥尔顿:《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》 2、约翰、班扬:《天路历程》religious allegory 3、约翰、德莱顿:英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人; 《论戏剧诗》 4、亚历山大.蒲柏:英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表;英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用;《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作 5、托马斯、格雷:感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》 6、威廉、布莱克:天真之歌、经验之歌; 7、罗伯特、彭斯:苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人; 8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》 9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一;《鲁滨逊漂流记》;《铲除非国教徒的捷径》,仪表达自己的不满; 10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》;《格列佛游记》;《桶的故事》; 11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人;帕米拉;克拉丽莎;查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史; 12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人;《约瑟夫。安德鲁》;《汤姆.琼斯》,英国现实主义小说的最高成就; 13、劳伦斯、斯特恩:感伤主义小说的杰出代表,《项狄传》,第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品;《感伤的旅行》 14、Oliver Goldsmith:《好心人》;《屈伸求爱》;《威客菲尔德牧师传》,感伤主义文学; 诗歌《荒村》从新古典主义向浪漫主义过渡的标志; 散文作品《世界公民》; 15、谢里丹:《造谣学校》,莎士比亚之后最杰出的英国喜剧,是整个英国史上最优秀的作品之一;达到英国“风俗喜剧”之巅; 五、维多利亚时期的英国文学(19世纪)

英语专八人文知识考试总结

英语专八人文知识考试总结 1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结 其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期: 1. Old and Medieval English Literature(中古英国文学)。 2. The Renaissance Period(文艺复兴时期)。 3. The Neoclassical Period(新古典主义时期)。 4. The Romantic Period(维多利亚时期)。 5. The Victorian Period(维多利亚时期)。 6. The Modern Period(现代时期)。 美国文学主要分为四个时期: 1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence(独立革命前后的文学)。 2. American Romanticism(美国浪漫主义文学)。 3. American Realism(美国现实主义文学)。 4. American Modernism(美国现代主义文学)。 语言学,考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学,音位学,形态学,句法学,语义学和语言学的知识。 关于英语国家概况,英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程,但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况,不光包括英国和美国,还有其他一些说英语的地区,包括爱尔兰概况,加拿大概况,澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。 3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france

专八人文知识之北美概况

练习题: 1、The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is the Mississippi River. 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。 2、The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. 最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。 3、The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is Non-hispanics white. 非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。 4、Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is African Americans. 2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000年以后,拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数,成为美国第一大少数民族群体。 5、America has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。 6、The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by World War II. 第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。 7、In the United States, primary education requires Six years years. 美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。 8、Most college students in the United States are in Public institutions. 大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。 9、The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.美国的联邦法院系统包括:the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court. 10、Louisana (which state )is not governed by the common law. 路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。 11、Of the fifty states of America, 38 states now have the death penalty as punishment. 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。 12、The four major regions of the United Sates are Northeast, South, Midwest and Wes t. 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。 13、The New England Region region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit. 美国的新英格兰地区,也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。 14、California is the largest state in terms of size and population in America. 加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州,拥有人口也最多。 15、"Hollywood"is often used as a synonym for American films. 好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。 16、The most important and largest river in the United States of America is the Mississippi River. 美国最长的河流是密西西比河,也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国人视为“众河之父”,沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。17、The north-eastern part of the United States ――New England enjoys a typical continental climate. 美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。冬天寒冷,夏天炎热。

2021年英语专业八级考试人文知识精选练习题及答案2

2021年英语专业八级考试人文知识精选练习题 及答案2 1 _____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States. A Washington D.C. B Los Angeles C San Francisco D New York City 2 The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses. A one B two C three D four 3 Washington D.C. is named after___________. A the U.S. President George Washington B Christopher Columbus C both George Washington and Christopher Columbus D none of them

4 _____ was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain. A Lough Neagh B Windermere C Lake District D Coniston Water 5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______. A Thomas Jefferson B James Monroe C James Madison D Abraham Lincoln 6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____. A Rhode Island B Virginia C Texas D Montana 7 The national flag of the United States is known as_____.

(完整版)英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案

2014年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案 1. The study of __ is Syntax. A textual organization B sentence structures C word formation D language functions 2. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? A arbitrariness B productivity C cultural transmission D finiteness 3. The speech act theory was first put forward by__. A John Scarl B Johan Austin C Noarn Chomsky D M.A.K Halliday 4. The capital city of Canada is __. A Montreal B Ottawa C Vancouver D York 5. U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term. A eight-year B four-year C six-year D two year 6. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S. A Huston B Baltimore C Philadelphia D Boston 7. The state church in England is __. A The Baptist B The Roman Catholic C The Protestant Church D The Church of England 8. The novel Emma is written by__. A Jane Austen B Elizabeth C Gaskell Charlotte Bronte D Mary Shelley 9. Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet? A William Wordsworth

专八人文知识测试题16套含答案.doc

Test 1 1.In Britain, where does the Changing of the Guard take place? a)Buckingham Palace. b)Downing Street. c)Victoria and Albert Museum. d)The Tower of London. 2.What is a double-decker? a) A bus.b) A chocolate bar. c) A taxi. d) A two-storey building. 3.Of all the symbols, ________, which are considered to represent fertility and new life, are those most frequently associated with Easter. a)the pumpkin and the turkey b)the lamb and the beef c)the spring peas and the potatoes d)the egg and the rabbit 4.The first landing by Europeans in Australia was in 1606, but what is their nationality? a) Dutch. b) French. c) Spanish. d) British. 5.Middle English was used by the poet _______. a) Hardy b) Chaucer c) Shakespeare d) Milton 6.“A Tale of Two Cities” w as written by ______. a) William Shakespeare b) Goeffrey Chaucer c) Charles Dickens d) Thomas Jefferson 7.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression? a) Religion and immortality. b) Life and Death. c) Love and marriage. d) War and peace. 8.What three components, generally, make up a system of a typical language? a)Phonology, syntax, semantics. b)Semiosis, syntax, frames. c)Frames, semantics, utterances. d)Sign, sign, signs. 9.Of the following word-formation processes, _______ is the most productive. a) clipping b) blending c) initialism d) derivation 10.“The pen is mightier than the sword.” is an example of ______. a) metonymy b) transferred epithet c) oxymoron d) metaphor

专八人文知识

1.The first known settlers of Britain were ____. 答案:the Iberians 2. On the island of Great Britain, there are three political divisions--- ____. 答案:England,Scotland,and Wales 3. Great Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the ____ in the south.答案:English Channel 4. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands, and the ____ are mainly lowlands. 答案:east and south 5. The most important river in Britain is____. 答案:the Thames 6. Britain?s longest river is ____. 答案:the Severn 7. The highest mountain in Britain is ____. 答案:Ben Nevis 8. The Highlanders are the ____ who live in the mountainous region of the Highlands. 答案:Scots 9. The Eisteddfod is a(n)——festival of poetry, music and the others. 答案:Welsh 10. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in _____. 答案:55 BC 11. Christianity was first brought to England by ____. 答案:the Romans 12. William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in____. 答案:1066 13. When the Hundred Years? War ended in 1453, the only part of France that was still in the hands of English is ____.j 答案:Calais 14. In England, the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was ____. 答案:the Gunpowder Plot 15. The law, which joined England and Scotland in 1707, was ____. 答案:the Act of Union 16. The Tories were the forerunners of ____,which still bears this nickname today. 答案:the Conservative Party 17. In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ____. 答案:the Prime Minister 18. The Norwegian Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the ____ century. 答案:8th

专八必备人文知识

专八必背人文知识 1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens. 2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中,对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学 3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法,研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科 4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学,以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学 5. acronym : 首字母组合词,首字母缩略词,比如,NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼,但VOA是 Initialism。 6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻,一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法,如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量,对面来了三个“红领巾”也是,以红领巾指代少先队员。 7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare).明喻, 一种修辞手法,把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较,通常在由 like或 as 引导的短语中,如 “我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”(莎士比亚) 8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare) 隐喻一种语言表达手法,通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物,从而暗示它们之间

英语专业八级人文常识

专八语言学练习 1. Which of the following feature is NOT one of the design features of language? a. Language is a system, b. Language is symboli c. c. Animal also have language, d. Language is arbitrary. 2. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is . a. arbitrary b. non-arbitrary c. logical d. non-productive 3. Which of the following terms best describes the "-ate" in the word "affectionate"? a. Derivational morpheme, b. Inflectional morpheme. c. Free morpheme, d. Prefix. 4. Which of the following teerms best describes the pair of words kill and dill? a. Minimal pair. b. A phonemic contrast. c. Closed class words, d. Bound morphemes. 5. What is the basic lexical relation between piece and peace? a. Synonymy. b. Antonymy. c. Homonymy. d. Polysemy. 6. /p/ is different from /b/ in . a. the manner of articulation b. the shape of the lips. c. the vibration of the vocal cords. d. the place of articulation. 7. Of all the speech organs, the is/are the most flexible. a. mouth b. lips c. tongue d. vocal cords 8. The phonological features, the consonant /t/ are . a. voiced stop b. voiceless stop c. voiced fricative d. voiceless fricative 9. The branch of linguistics that studies show context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called . a. semantics b. pragmatics c. sociolinguistics d. psycholinguistics 10. The utterance "We' ve abeady eaten ten tons. " Obviously violates the maxim of . a. quality b. quantity c. relation d. manner 11. All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips, i. e. rounded,

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档