新概念英语第二册笔记

Lesson 69 But not murder

【Text】

I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.

The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.

I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly, Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr. Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child!'

【课文翻译】

我第3次接受驾驶执照考试。按照要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，我圆满地完成了。在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。确信我已通过考试，所以我几乎开始喜欢起这次考试。主考人对我的驾驶想必是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“埃姆斯先生，只剩1项了。让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须把车停在5英尺之内。（车得立即停下来）”

我继续往前开着。过了一会儿，主考人砰砰地敲了起来。虽然声音听得很清楚，但我过了好一会儿才作出反应。我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，结果我俩的身体都向前冲去。主考人伤心地看着我。“埃姆斯先生，”他以悲伤的声调说，“你刚刚把那个小孩压死了！”

New words and expressions 生词和短语

【生词讲解】

1.murder n. 谋杀，谋杀案

e.g. six murders in one week 一周之内的六起谋杀案

be guilty of murder犯谋杀罪。

commit murder进行谋杀

v. murder sb with sth 用--谋杀某人

e.g. He murdered his wife with a knife.

他用刀谋杀了他的妻子。

糟蹋：murder a piece of music 糟蹋了一首乐曲

murderer 谋杀犯，凶手

murderess 女凶手

Kill：(v.)---“杀”，“杀死”。普通用语。指任何一种致死行为。

Assassinate(v.)---“暗杀”。指出于政治目的进行的暗杀行为。

Murder(v.)---“谋杀”，“凶杀”。指非法地有目的的杀害他人。

Slaughter(v.)---“屠杀”。尤指为肉食而屠杀；还指错杀或残酷地杀死很多人。e.g. Two people were killed in a car accident.

在一次车祸中有两人丧生。

e.g. President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas in 1963.

肯尼迪总统于1963年在达拉斯被暗杀。

e.g. It is said that one person was murdered on the beach.

据说一个人在海滩上被谋杀了。

e.g. Tens of thousands were slaughtered on the battlefields of Macedonia.

成千上万的人在马其顿战场上被杀死了。

2.instruct

及物动词vt.

1）指示,命令,吩咐

e.g. He instructed me to deliver it to a customer.

他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。

2）教授;训练;指导[(+in)]

e.g. My job is to instruct her in English.

我的工作是教她英语。

3）通知,告知

e.g. My agent has instructed me that you still owe me $150.

我的代理人告诉我你还欠我一百五十美元。

4）【律】委派,委托

3. acquire

1）v. 取得，获得，学到（知识、技术、语言等），养成（习惯等）

e.g. Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years' time.

acquire a habit of doing sth. 养成……的习惯

e.g. Tom acquired a habit of smoking.

acquire confidence 获得信心

V.1. (正式)购得,(尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西)

e.g. The museum has managed to acquire an important work by Dali.

博物馆设法弄到了(西班牙超现实主义画家)达利的一副重要作品。

2）掌握，获得（知识、技能等）；（因自己的能力而）赢得（名声）.

e.g. I look on it as an opportunity to acquire fresh skills.

我把这当做是一次学习新技能的机会。

e.g. The team has acquired a fearsome reputation.

这支队伍赢得了令人生畏的名声。

Acquire a taste for 开始喜欢上。。。

e.g. This beer isn’t bad. I’m beginning to acquire a taste for it.

这啤酒不错。我开始爱喝了。

4. confidence

名词n.

1. 自信,信心,把握[U][(+in)][+to-v][+that]

e.g. He lacks confidence in himsel

f.

他缺少自信。

2. 信赖,信任[U][(+in)]

e.g. We have confidence in the mayor.

我们信任这位市长。

to have/lose confidence in sb。

lack of confidence缺乏信心

e.g. I have much confidence in him

我对他很有信心

in confidence 当作秘密

e.g. I am telling you this in confidence

我现在告诉你的这件事情是个秘密（strict confidence 绝密）

confident adj.

confident of sth/that

e.g. He is confident of victory 他对胜利充满信心

e.g. a confident smile一个自信的微笑

5. examiner

名词n.

1. 主考人;检查人;审查员[C]

6. suppose

及物动词vt.

1）猜想,以为[+(that)]

e.g. I suppose he is still in town.

我想他还在城里。

2）期望;认为必须,认为应该

e.g. You're not supposed to take the books out of the room.

这些书不能拿出屋去。

3）必须以...为前提

e.g. Every effect supposes a cause.

任何事的产生都必然有其原因。

★句法运用

1）be supposed to do sth. (尤指因为规定或掌权者的指示)被期望做；应该。

e.g. You’re supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom.

e.g. The me eting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we’ve had to postpone it.

这个会本应该星期二举行，但我们不得不把他推迟了

2） be supposed to be sth. 被相信是。，被认为。。。

e.g. The castle is supposed to be haunted.

人们相信这座城堡闹鬼。

3）认为；料想；猜想；假定

Suppose (that)...

e.g. What makes you suppose (that)we’re going to sell the house?

你凭什么认为我们准备把这房子卖掉

4） （正式）假定，预期；以。。。为条件

e.g. The company’s plan supposes a steady increase in orders.

公司的计划是基于订单将持续稳定增长的预期的。

5） I suppose 我想，我认为 （用于认为某事真是，但不敢肯定）

e.g. I suppose he could have shot himself, but where would he have got the gun?

我想他可能是开枪自杀的，但他是从哪里得到的抢的？

我想（尤用于表示勉强同意某人做某事）I suppose so.

e.g. Can we come with you? Oh, I suppose so.

我们可以跟你一起来吗？哦，我看可以吧

我猜想（用于猜测）

6） suppose /supposing 假设，假定（用于要某人设想如果某情况存在会发生什么事）

e.g. Look, suppose you lost your job tomorow, what would you do?

哎，假设你明天丢掉了工作，你会怎么办呢？

7） I don’t suppose

（用于非常礼貌地提出要求）

e.g. I don’t suppose you’d give me a lift to the station ？

我能否顺便搭您的车去车站

我以为不会（用于表示某事不大可能发生）

8） what’s that supposed to mean?Conj. 假设，假定（用于假设某事发生后带来的后果

e.g. It’s no t worth the risk, suppose your mother found out?

(非正式)让。。（用于提出建议）

e.g. Suppose we try to sort this out before we go.

咱们尽量在出发前把这些东西整理好吧。

7.tap

及物动词 vt.

1） 轻拍,轻叩,轻敲

e.g. He tapped me on the shoulder .

她轻轻地拍拍我的肩。

2） 轻轻敲出(或敲掉)[O]

e.g. He tapped the ashes out of his pipe.

他轻轻地将烟斗里的烟灰敲出来。

3） 补鞋底

4） 【美】指定,选定

e.g. Mr . Smith was tapped for police commissioner .

史密斯先生被指定为警察局长

5）装上塞子(嘴子)

e.g. They tapped a barrel of beer.

他们打开桶塞放出啤酒。

6）在(树)上刻痕取液

e.g.They worked on the farm, tapping rubber trees.

他们在这农场做割胶的工作。

7）接通(总电源,总水源等)

e.g. They tapped the water main to supply the new residential quarters.

他们接通了总水管为新住宅区供水。

8）在...装窃听器

e.g. I guess our telephone has been tapped.

我猜想我们的电话被窃听了。

9）开发,开辟

e.g. The scientists are thinking of a new way of tapping the solar energy.

科学家正在设想一种新的利用太阳能的方法。

名词n. [C]

1）龙头,阀门

e.g. He left the tap open to fill the kitchen sink with water.

他将水龙头开着让厨房的水槽注满水。

(酒桶等的)塞子,栓子

(电流)分接头

(电话)搭线窃听;窃听器

e.g. They put a tap on his telephone and recorded all his calls.

他们在他的电话上装上了窃听器,录下了所有通话。

8. react

不及物动词vi.

1）作出反应,反应[(+to)]

e.g. How did she react to the news?

她对这个消息反应如何?

2）影响,起作用[(+on/upon)]

e.g. The two react upon each other.

这两者互相影响。

3）抗拒,反抗[(+against)]

e.g. Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.

孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。

4）起反作用,回过来起作用[(+on/upon)]

e.g. Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.

恶人往往有恶报。

5）【化】起化学作用;【物】反应[(+with/on)]

e.g. How do acids react on metals?

酸对金属会起怎样的化学反应?

e.g. An acid can react with a base to form a salt.

酸和碱反应会产生盐。

6）【军】反攻,反击

9. brake 刹车n. brake light刹车灯

及物动词vt.

1）煞住(车)

e.g. He braked his car just in time to avoid an accident.

他及时煞车,避免了一次事故。

e.g. The driver braked hard as the child ran onto the road in front of him.

那孩子跑到汽车前面的路上，司机猛踩刹车。

2）抑制,约束

e.g. There is little the government can do to brake inflation.

政府没有多少办法抑制通货膨胀。

10.Pedal

名词n. [C]

1) 踏板;脚蹬

e.g. He pushed hard on the brake pedal to avoid a collision.

他使劲踩下煞车踏板以避免撞车。

2）管风琴的脚踏键

11. mournful

形容词a.

1）忧伤的;悲切的;凄惨的

e.g. the mournful howling of the wind

凄厉的风号声

e.g. a mournful expression on her face

她脸上忧伤的神情

e.g. a mournful story

一个令人悲伤的故事

2) 悲观的,意气消沉的

e.g. take a mournful view of human affairs

对世事抱悲观态度

【课文讲解】

1.I was being tested for a driving license for the third time.

第一个for 表示目的；第二个for表示次数

driver’s licence 驾照

practice licence 营业执照

test

1）v. 测验，检查

I’d better have my eyes tested.

我最好是检查一下眼睛

2）n. 考试，试验，检查，

have a test drive 试车

test match国际锦标赛

动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：

动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。

a walking stick 拐杖（动名词，a stick for walking）

a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词，a car for sleeping）

the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词）

2.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.

heavy adj. 大量的，多的，密集的

heavy traffic 交通流量很大，交通拥挤

e.g. Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.

这条路的交通比另一边的拥挤。

traffic jam堵车

traffic lights, traffic signals 红绿灯

heavy adj.

e.g. He had a heavy, sullen face.

阴沉的

e.g. He dumped the heavy suitcases by the door.

重的

e.g. I felt so full after that heavy meal.

<食物> (因油腻而) 难消化的

3.After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.

现在完成时被动形式；Having been+过去分词（介词短语作时间状语，主从句的主语一致时，可简化从句。）这句话等等与After I had been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.

4.Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must

have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said,

must have been表示对过去的事情的猜测

be pleased with 对……满意

eg: He was pleased with my progress.

他对我的进步很满意

Eg: She seemed very pleased that he had come.

她似乎很满意他来了。

performance n. 表现，表演，履行实行

eg: He is excellent in the performance of his duties.

他在工作上表现出色

Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. 在句首中省略了being,这个分词结构在句中是状语，表原因。

eg: - Worried about his child, he didn’t sleep last night.

=As he was worried about his child, he didn’t sleep last night.

5.Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the

road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.' L et us suppose that… 让我们假设……

eg: Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.

让我们假设有一起森林火灾。

Within prep. 不超过，在。。之内

eg: She returned within an hour.

她不到一小时就回来了

eg: We are now within sight of the shore.

现在我们能看到海岸。

6. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the

sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.

It takes sb some time to do sth …

Eg: It took me 10 minutes to persuade her to call back later .

我花了10分钟说服她一会儿回电话。

Can be heard …情态动词的被动语态

Eg: The mistake could be avoided.

这错误可以被避免。

7. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.

The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!‘

in a … voice 以……的声调

in a mournful/angry/sad/cheerful voice

eg ：He told them the news in a sad/excited voice.

他用悲伤的声音告诉了他们那个消息

be in good voice 嗓音好

lose one ’s voice 嗓子哑了

raise one’s voice 提高声调

with one voice 异口同声

give voice to 说出意见

eg: Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but then finally gave voice to her opinions about the subject.

玛丽在讨论的初期阶段沉默不语，不过最后她发表了对该问题的看法。

the voice of reason 理性的呼声

【关键词组摘录】

1. driving licence

2. heavy traffic

3. acquire confidence

4. be pleased with

5. let us suppose that

【Key structure 】 一 被动语态的构成：

1. 被动语态由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的。现以do 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am ／is ／are ＋done

一般过去时：was ／were ＋done

一般将来时：will ／shall be ＋done

现在进行时：am ／is ／are being ＋done

过去进行时：was ／were being ＋done

现在完成时：have ／has been ＋done

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be ＋过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter .

6. within five feet

7. press the brake pedal

8. in a mournful voice

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.

可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.

可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

可改为The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

Mother never lets me watch TV .

改为I am never let to watch TV by mother.

4) 在被动语态中还可以用介词+动名词结构。介词（after,before,on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个

时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用after+动名词的完成式表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生。

After having been instructed to drive out of the town, I began to acquire confidence.

在接到把车开出城的指令后，我就开始有信心了。

The man called the police after being robbed.

那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话

He killed a child before being arrested

他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子

On/After being told that her mother was seriously, she hurried back to England.

她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。

被动语态用于介词+动名词结构一般不用于口语，比较正式。

练习：

a)用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。

1. Many stars can _____ (see) at night.

2. The report is _____ (write) by one of the best students.

3. Upon _____ (rob), the man called the police at once.

4. He killed a child before _____ (arrest).

5. On _____ (tell) that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.

6. She was sent abroad to _____ (train).

7. The huge bridge _____ (damage) before the World WarⅡ.

8. He _____ (hear) to move about in her room upstairs last night.

9. After _____ (cheat) by a client, he changed his way of doing business.

10. The driver must _____ (punish) by the police, he looked so unhappy.

二过去进行时was almost beginning

1 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语then，at this（that）time，yesterday，at nine，last night等连用。但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示

Eg: What were you doing at nine last night？

昨晚九点时，你在做什么？

Eg: I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer.

昨天下午我打电话给你，但是没有人接电话。

2 当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时，用过去进行时表示较长的动作。过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从句.

Eg:It was raining hard when I left my office.

当我离开办公室时，雨下得正大。

Eg: When you called，I was eating.

你打电话时，我正在吃饭。

Eg: When I was cleaning the windows，my brother was sweeping the floor.

（当）我在擦窗户的时候，我弟弟在拖地。

Eg: Some students were playing football，while others were running round the track.

一些学生在踢足球，同时别的学生正在跑道上跑步。

3.过去进行时表示过去将来的动作

现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看来将要发生的动作。常用在间接引语中。

Eg: She went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning.

她去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。

Eg: She asked him whether he was coming back to lunch.

她问他晚饭是否准备回来吃。

【Special Difficulties】

1.Practice and Advice

practice n.（反复的）练习，实践，实行

practise vt.& vi. 练习，经常做

eg: Jimmy used to practise (playing) football every afternoon.

eg: She practises on the piano for three hours every day.

eg: He still needs a lot of practice. eg: He practises the piano every day.

advice n. 忠告, 劝告, 建议(不可数名词)

eg:She gave me some good advice / a piece of advice about jobs.

advise vt.& vi. 劝告，向……提供提议

eg:She advised me against going to the party.

她建议/劝我不要去参加聚会

eg:I want to give you some advice.

eg:What do you advise me to do?

2.Enjoy, Entertain and Amuse

enjoy vt. 欣赏，喜爱，享受……之乐（后跟名词、动名词，用于主动语态）

eg:I enjoy swimming in summer.

eg:We’re really enjoying ourselves.

entertain vt. 款待，招待，请客；使……快乐，给……娱乐（=amuse）

eg:We often entertain friends at weekends.

eg:Uncle Sam entertains/amuses the children for hours at a time. 萨姆叔叔一连好几小时地逗孩子们乐。eg:My children can entertain/amuse themselves for hours with telling stories to each other.

amuse vt. 逗乐，逗笑（常用于被动语态）

eg: She was amused by her father’s funny stories.

新概念英语第四册笔记-完整版

L1 Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. New words and expressions recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述 / ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次 record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后 叙述：recount : emotionless 重复 describe depict： a little emotional narrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。 portray：描述 saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事 legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家 anthrop：人 philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家 philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人） anthropology :人类学 带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学 geography 地理学 ecology 生态学 remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远 ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先 an- 在前面 forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先 rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉 leave me rot.＝leave me along rot to death. soon ripe,soon rotten. decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化 trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹 trace the problem i follow your trace＝i follow where you go polynesia 波利尼西亚 poly-多 polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wife flint /flint/ n.燧石 flinting hearted fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化石 cobble 鹅卵石 read of 读到 谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of near east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east 非限定性从句，表原因 oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词 counterpart: two things or two people have the same position oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart. preserve: 保留，保存（腌制） 如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的人 fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生 migration ：移民１）migrant ２）immigrant v. migrate:迁移，迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟 none: no body people＋s 民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. find out千方百计，费尽周折＝explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves however－anywhere you want ,加逗号 but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentence therefore－自由

自考金融理论与实务笔记12

自考金融理论与实务笔记12

第十二章通货膨胀与通货紧缩 第一节通货膨胀与通货紧缩的内涵和度量 识记： 通货膨胀一般表述为：由于货币供应过多，超过流通中对货币的客观需要量，而引起的货币贬值，物价上涨现象。西方的看法定诳为物价总水平的持续上涨。 通货紧缩：作为通货膨胀的对称，一种表述是由于货币供给放慢或负增长，引起物价持续下跌的现象。另一种表述是指物价疲软乃至下跌的态势。 通货膨胀与通货紧缩都是一种货币现象。通货膨胀反映的是社会总需求大于社会总供给。通货紧缩反映的是社会总需求小于社会总供给。 领会： 通货膨胀的度量标志？ 一般所用的物价指数主要有消费物价指数、批发物价指数、国民生产总值平减指数。 消费物价指数是选择具有代表性的若干消费品的零售价格以及水电等劳务费用价格编制的指数。 批发物价指数反映商业部门或批发商从生产厂家购买商品劳务所支付的价格的变动程度。 国民生产总值平减指数，是按当年价格计算国民生产总值与按不变价格计算的国民生产总值的比率。 多数经济学家倾向于主要用消费物价指数。 第二节通货膨胀的成因 识记： 需求拉上型通货膨胀：这是指在社会再生产过程中社会总需求过度增加，超过了既定价格水平下商品和劳务方面的供给，而引起货币贬值、物价总水平上涨。

成本推动型通货膨胀认为在社会商品和劳务需求不变的情况下，由于生产成本提高也要引起物价总水平的上涨。 结构失调型通货膨胀：这是指在社会总需求不变的情况下，由于需求的组成发生结构性变化，相应导致物价总水平上涨。 领会： 需求拉上型通货膨胀特点与成因？ 需求拉上型通货膨胀：这是指在社会再生产过程中社会总需求过度增加，超过了既定价格水平下商品和劳务方面的供给，而引起货币贬值、物价总水平上涨。 在经济尚未达到充分就业时，如果货币供给量增加，从而社会总需求增加，促进商品供给增加，当经济充分就业，将不再能促进商品供给增加，而只会导致物价总水平上涨。 这里的社会需求包括投资需求和消费需求，而促成社会需求增加的因素，又常与财政支出过度扩张和信用膨胀相关。 成本推动型通货膨胀特点与成因？ 成本推动型通货膨胀认为在社会商品和劳务需求不变的情况下，由于生产成本提高也要引起物价总水平的上涨。 造成生产成本提高有两方面力量，一是工会组织为了保证工人实际收入的增长不不降低，要求增加工资。二是一些垄断型企业大幅提高垄断商品价格，导致原材料成本上升。 结构失调型通货膨胀特点与成因？ 结构失调型通货膨胀：这是指在社会总需求不变的情况下，由于需求的组成发生结构性变化，相应导致物价总水平上涨。 需求增加的部门，产品价格和工资上涨；而需求减少的部门，由于工资和价格的刚性，其工资和商品价格并不随之而下跌，或跌幅很小，从而导致物价总水平上涨。 中国通货膨胀的成因？

新概念英语第2册课文word版

Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. ' It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'. Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch 早餐还是午餐 It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said. 'What are you doing ' she asked. ' I'm having breakfast,' I repeated. 'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late It's one o'clock!'' - Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums/博物馆/ and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 'Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card ! 明信片总会消耗着我的度假时间。去年夏天，我去了意大利，参观完毕博物馆后我坐在公共公园里，一个友善的作家教会我一些意大利语，然后他借给我一本书，我看了几行，但是我一个字都不认识，每天我想着关于明信片的事情，我的假期渡过

【第二次修订完全版】新概念英语第二册笔记pdf(96课全)

目录 Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 (4) Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐 (11) Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 (16) Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行 (21) Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞 (25) Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西.巴顿斯 (31) Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚 (38) Lesson 8 The best and the worst最好的和最差的 (44) Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇 (49) Lesson 10 Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐 (55) Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another礼尚往来 (60) Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风 (64) Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年 (68) Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？ (74) Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 (80) Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求 (85) Lesson 17 Always young 青春常驻 (90) Lesson 18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！ (96) Lesson 19 Sold out 票已售完 (99) Lesson 20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟 (104) Lesson 21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了？ (110) Lesson 22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封 (115) Lesson 23 A new house 新居 (119) Lesson 24 It could be worse 不幸中之万幸 (122) Lesson 25 Do the English speak English? 英国人讲的是英语吗？ (125) Lesson 26 The best art critics 最佳艺术评论家 (130) Lesson 27 A wet night 雨夜 (136) Lesson 28 No parking 禁止停车 (143) Lesson 29 Taxi! 出租汽车！ (149) Lesson 30 Football or polo？足球还是水球？ (154) Lesson 31 Success story 成功者的故事 (159) Lesson 32 Shopping made easy 购物变得很方便 (165) Lesson 33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗 (171) Lesson 34 Quick work 破案“神速” (177) Lesson 35 Stop thief! 捉贼 (180) Lesson 36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡 (186) Lesson 37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 (193) Lesson 38 Everything except the weather 唯独没有考虑到天气 (198) Lesson 39 Am I all right? 我是否痊愈? (203) Lesson 40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈 (208) Lesson 41 Do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗？ (213)

新概念英语第一册笔记(完整版)

新概念英语第一册 笔记完整版 ?1）v. 原谅 ?eg. Excuse me. 请原谅，劳驾。 2）n. 借口 ?eg. It?s an excuse. ?me pron. 我（宾格:用来做宾语的。）?eg. He loves me. 他爱我. ?eg. She cheats me. 他骗我. ?eg. Please tell me. 他告诉我. Excuse me 的用法 这个短语经常被译作“对不起”，但它并不表示你有什么过错，而是说你要打搅别人，所以常被译作“劳驾”。 1）为了要引起别人的注意 ?eg. Excuse me. Is this you handbag? 2）要打扰某人或要打断别人话 ?eg. Excuse me . May I ask you a question? 3) 向陌生人问路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station? 4) 向某人借东西 ?eg. Excuse me. Can I borrow your pen? 5) 需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me? 6) 要求在宴席或会议中途中离开一会儿eg. Excuse me. May I lease for a little while? ?sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示“对不起”。 1）请问几点了？ ?eg. Excuse me. What time is it? 2) 不小心把水弄到了别人的身上。 ?eg. Sorry. 或者 I?m sorry! 3) 对不起，我先失陪一下 ?eg. Excuse me. 4) 误解了别人的意思 ?eg. Sorry. ?yes 1)adv. 是的（对一般疑问句的肯定回答）?eg. Are you mad? --Yes, I am. 2)经常用于应答，表示“什么事”。 ?eg. Excuse me? 请问/劳驾？ ---Yes? 什么事？ ?is v. be 动词现在时第三人称单数 ?be : is am are ?is 用于单数名词或单数第三人称代词。 ?eg. He is a student. 他是一个学生。 ?eg. That?s an egg. 那是一个鸡蛋。（That?s= That is） ?eg. This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 ?your 你的，你们的（物主代词后面加名词）?your key 你的钥匙 ?eg. This is your key. 这是你的钥匙。 ?eg. That is your book. 那是你的书。 ?your room 你们的房间 ?eg. That is your room. 那是你们的房间。 ?pardon 原谅，请再说一遍 ?pardon=pardon me=I beg your pardon? 能再说一遍吗？ ?eg. Is this your pencil? 这是你的铅笔吗？ --Yes, it is. 是的，它是。（it 指代 pencil） ?thank you 感谢你（们） 2）you 代词（你，你们） 主格-----作主语 ?eg. You are a good student. 你是一个好学生。 宾格------作宾语

国际金融理论与实务笔记()

第一章货币与货币制度 本章学习目的和要求 通过对本章的学习，考生应准确识记本章的基本概念、领会本章的基本理论。 了解货币的起源及相关理论；了解货币形式的演变历程；了解货币制度的基本构成及国家货币制度的演变；了解国际货币体系的演变历程。 理解货币的职能。 掌握我国人民币制度的主要内容；掌握布雷顿森林体系和牙买加体系的主要内容。 课程内容： 第一节货币的起源与货币形式的演变 一、货币的起源 货币产生后，出现了很多关于货币起源的理论。其中马克思的货币起源学说是其中的一个典型代表。 按照马克思的货币起源学说，货币是伴随着商品价值形式的不断发展变化而最终产生的。商品价值形式经历了四个不同的发展变化阶段： 1.简单的或偶然的价值形式阶段 在这一阶段上，一种商品的价值仅仅是简单的或偶然的表现在与它相交换的另外一种商品上。即：1只绵羊=2把石斧 2.总和的或扩大的价值形式阶段 在这一阶段上，一种商品的价值表现在了与它相交换的一系列商品上。即： 2把石斧 1件上衣

1只绵羊= 15公斤茶叶 一定数量的其它商品 3.一般价值形式（一般等价形式）阶段 在这一阶段，所有商品的价值都表现在了一个作为一般等价物的商品身上，即：2把石斧 1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于一只绵羊。 4.货币形式阶段 在这一阶段，所有商品的价值都表现在了作为固定的一般等价物的金或银上，即：2把石斧 1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于1克黄金。 二、货币形式的演变 货币产生后，伴随着商品生产和商品交换的发展，货币形式经历了从商品货币到信用货币的演变过程。 1.商品货币 商品货币最大的特点就是其自身价值（凝结在商品货币身上的无差别的一般的人类劳动）与其作为货币所购买的那种商品的价值在量上相等。也就是足值性。 商品货币又包括两种形式：实物货币、金属货币 （1）实物货币 实物货币是指以自然界中存在的某种物品或人们生产的某种商品来充当货币。 实物货币自身存在一些不利于商品交换的弊端，体现在如下三个方面： 1）实物货币不易分割、（无法满足小额商品交换的需要）； 2）实物货币不易保管； 3）实物货币不便携带。 （2）金属货币 金属货币：金、银

新概念英语2册课文及详解完美

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH BOOK 2 practice : 训练, progress : 进步 If you practice more, then you can make great progress. 五项综合训练技能 listening : 听力 speaking : 说话 grammar : 语法 writing : 写作 reading : 阅读 translation : 译 knowledge +skills Lesson 1 a private con-versation ★New Words and Expressions ☆private adj.私人的 如果妈妈想看你的信，你可以说：It's my private letter. 如果陌生人想进你的房子，你可以说：It's my private house. private life 私生活 由此引申出privacy n.隐私 新东方是private school（私立学校），与此相反，公立学校是public school.所以，private的反义词是public. eg.public 公众；public letter 公开信；public place 公共场所 private还有一个值得注意的意思：普通的。 如：private citizen 普通公民；private soldier 大兵 我们熟悉的《拯救大兵瑞恩》就是《Private Ryan》 ☆conversation n.谈话 have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词subject of conversation 话题。（天气是英国人最喜爱的话题） They are having a conversation. 几种谈话： talk 内容可以正式，也可以私人 Let’s have a talk. conversation 一般用于正式文体中，内容上往往不正式 dialogue 对话，可以指正式国家与国家会谈。 eg.China and Korea are having a dialogue. chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。 gossip 嚼舌头，说长道短 用法：have a +... ☆theatre n.剧场，戏剧 [记忆]cinema 电影院 ☆seat n.座位 这个词很重要，考试常考。 have a good seat,这里的seat指place，而不是chair。 take a seat/take your seat 坐下来，就坐 下面这个句子在口语、电影里很常见：Is the seat taken?这个位置有人吗？ 请坐的3种说法： Sit down,please.（命令性） take your seat,please. Be seated,please.（更礼貌） 考点：作为动词的seat与sit的区别 sit--vi; seat--vt seat sb 让某人就坐 When all those present___he began his lecture.（D）（重点题） A.sit B.set C.seated D.were seated A,B改为sat就对了 ☆angry adj.生气的 cross=angry ☆attention n.注意 Attention,please. pay attention 注意 pay attention to 对……注意 pay a little/much/more/no attention ☆bear（bore,boren）v.容忍 忍受的几种说法：bear,stand,endure,put up with bear->stand->endure 忍受的极限在扩大 put up with=bear=stand bear n.熊 give sb a bear hug 给某人热情（热烈）的拥抱 ☆business n.事，生意 business man 生意人do business 做生意 go to some place on business 因公出差 business:某人自己的私人的事情 thing：可以指事情，也可以指东西 ★Text Last week,I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I didn't enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They didnot pay any attention.In the end,I couldnot bear it.I turned round again."I can't hear a word."I said angrily."It's none of your business."The young man said rudely."It's a private conversation!" ☆go to the+地点：表示去某地干嘛 go to the cinema=see a film go to the +人+'s:表示去这个人开的店 go to the doctor's 去看病 go to the butcher's 买肉 1

2011年自考《金融理论与实务》复习笔记4

第四章金融机构体系 第一节金融机构体系的构成 识记： 金融机构体系：一国金融机构按照一定的结构形成的整体。分中央银行、商业银行、其他金融机构。 我国的金融机构体系是以中央银行为领导，政策性金融和商业性金融相分离，以国有独资商业银行为主体，多种金融机构并存的现代金融体系。具体实施中，主要是围绕贯彻“分业经营、分业管理”的原则推进的。 领会： 金融体系的经济职能及其实现方式？ 一国金融体系最基本的经济职能首先是充当资金流通的媒介，使资金由盈余的单位迅速流向资金短缺的单位，让资金发挥最大的效益。 这一职能的实现要借助于两种方式：一是间接融资方式。在银行信用中，银行等金融机构是信用活动的中间环节，是媒介。从银行组织存款看，它们是货币资金所有者即存款人的债务人；从银行发放贷款看，它们是货币资金需求者的债权人。货币资金的所有者和货币资金需求者，两者之闻并不发生直接的债权债务关系，银行成为媒介。所以这种资金筹集方式称为间接融资和间接金融。 二是直接融资方式。通过在金融市场上买卖股票、债券等方式实现资金的融通。在这个过程中，资金所有者和资金需求者两者之间直接建立金融联系，而不需要中介者扮演债务人和债权人这一环节。此时金融机构是金融市场的重要参与者。 西方各国金融体系的构成？ 西方国家都各有一个规范庞大的金融体系，是众多银行与非银行金融机构并存的格局。其中银行机构居支配地位。从银行机构的组成来看，一般可分为中央银行、存款货币银行和专业银行三大类。 中央银行是一国金融机构体系的中心环节，处于特殊地位，具有对全国金融活动进行宏

观调控的特殊功能。存款货币银行、又称商业银行、存款银行、普通银行。是西方各国金融机构体系中的骨干力量。以经营工商业存、放款为主要业务，并为顾客提供转账结算等多种服务。同时，起着创造存款货币的作用。专业银行是专门经营某种特定范围的金融业务和提供专门性金融服务的银行。非银行金融机构是在中央银行和商业银行以外的办理其他金融性业务的信用机构。其构成更为庞杂。包括有保险公司、投资公司、信用合作组织、基金组织、租赁公司、证券机构等。 我国金融机构体系的建立过程？ 我国金融机构体系的建立，是在各解放区银行的基础上，组建中国人民银行，没收官僚资本银行，改造民族资本银行，发展农村信用合作社，从而形成了以中国人民银行为中心的“大一统”的金融机构体系。 我国金融机构体系改革的三个阶段？ 我国金融机构体系的改革经历了三个阶段：1）高度集中的金融机构体系；2）多元混合型金融机构体系；3）中央银行制度下的金融机构体系。 第二节商业银行 识记： 商业银行是各国金融机构体系中最重要的组成部分，是通过吸收单位和个人的存款，从事贷款发放、投资等获取利润的企业。其性质是：以追求利润为目标的、以经营金融资产和负债为对象、综合性、多功能的金融企业。 商业银行的职能：信用中介职能；支付中介职能；信有创造职能；金融服务功能。 单一银行制。也称独家银行制。其特点是银行业务完全由各自独立的商业银行经营，不设或限设分支机构。是美国最古老的银行形式之一。 分行制。其特点是，法律允许除了总行以外，在本市及国内外各地普遍设立分支机构，总行二般设在各大中心城市，所有分支机构统一由总行领导指挥。这种银行制度起源于英国的股份银行。目前，世界上大多数国家采用这种银行制度。 银行持股公司。是指由一个集团成立股权公司，再由该公司控制或收购两家以上的银行。

裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第82课

Lesson 82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？ 【New words and expressions】（7） monster n. 怪物sailor n. 海员 sight v. 见到creature n. 动物，生物peculiar adj. 奇怪的，不寻常的 shining adj. 闪闪发光的oarfish n. 桨鱼 ★ monster （1）n. 怪物 a one-eyed monster獨眼怪物 eg：A dragon is a fabulous monster . 龍是一個傳說中的怪物 （2）巨大物、（做形容詞）巨大 eg：The spaceship was a real monster . 巨大的宇宙飛船 a monster pumpkin 南瓜 monstrous adj. 畸形的, 怪異的, 巨大的 a monstrous iceberg 巨大的冰山 monstrously adv. ひどく、非常に ★ sailor （1）n. 海员、水手 eg：His father is a sailor . （2）乘船的人（與adj. 連用） a good sailor 不暈船的人←→ a bad sailor 暈船的人 sail（同音詞sale）（1）n. 帆put up a sail 揚帆 （2）n.航行、航程go for a sail 乘船去航行 eg：It’s a forty-minute sail from Dove to Calais . 從多佛到加來需45分鐘的航行 in full sail 以全速；set sail 啟航 （3）v. 揚帆、航行，（使）行使 eg：The yacht sailed around the cape . 那艘遊艇繞岬航行。 eg：He sailed his boat into the harbor . 他將船直接駛向港口。 eg：Can you sail a yacht ？你會駕駛遊艇？ sail close to the wind 幾乎犯法;冒風險 sailing n. 航海；sailing boat （英）帆船（美：sail boat）★ sight （1） v. 见到 eg：They sighted land at last . 他們終於看見陸地了 （2）n. 視力、視覺 near sighted ＝short sighted 近視 far sighted ＝long sighted 遠視 lose one’s sight 失明 （3）n. 視野 go out of sight 從視線消失、看不見了；come in sight 映入眼簾in sight 看得見，被見到；在望，在即 eg；I caught sight of his tall figure in the crowd . 在人群中我看見他高大的身影。

(完整版)新概念英语第一册笔记完整版

新概念英语第一册笔记完整版 ?1）v. 原谅 ?eg. Excuse me. 请原谅，劳驾。 2）n. 借口 ?eg.It?s an excuse. ?me pron. 我（宾格:用来做宾语的。） ?eg. He loves me. 他爱我. ?eg. She cheats me. 他骗我. ?eg. Please tell me. 他告诉我. Excuse me 的用法 这个短语经常被译作―对不起‖，但它并不表示你有什么过错，而是说你要打搅别人，所以常被译作―劳驾‖。 1）为了要引起别人的注意 ?eg. Excuse me. Is this you handbag? 2）要打扰某人或要打断别人话 ?eg. Excuse me . May I ask you a question? 3) 向陌生人问路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station? 4) 向某人借东西 ?eg. Excuse me. Can I borrow your pen? 5) 需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me? 6) 要求在宴席或会议中途中离开一会儿 eg. Excuse me. May I lease for a little while? ?sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示―对不起‖。 1）请问几点了？ ?eg. Excuse me. What time is it? 2) 不小心把水弄到了别人的身上。 ?eg. Sorry. 或者I?m sorry! 3) 对不起，我先失陪一下 ?eg. Excuse me. 4) 误解了别人的意思?eg. Sorry. ?yes 1) adv. 是的（对一般疑问句的肯定回答） ?eg. Are you mad? --Yes, I am. 2)经常用于应答，表示―什么事‖。? eg. Excuse me? 请问/劳驾？ ---Yes? 什么事？ --我准备把它带给我的姐姐。 I‘m going to take it to my sister.

国际金融理论与实务笔记修订稿

国际金融理论与实务笔 记 集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]

第一章货币与货币制度 本章学习目的和要求通过对本章的学习，考生应准确识记本章的基本概念、领会本章的基本理论。了解货币的起源及相关理论；了解货币形式的演变历程；了解货币制度的基本构成及国家货币制度的演变；了解国际货币体系的演变历程。理解货币的职能。掌握我国人民币制度的主要内容；掌握布雷顿森林体系和牙买加体系的主要内容。课程内容： 第一节货币的起源与货币形式的演变 一、货币的起源 货币产生后，出现了很多关于货币起源的理论。其中马克思的货币起源学说是其中的一个典型代表。 按照马克思的货币起源学说，货币是伴随着商品价值形式的不断发展变化而最终产生的。商品价值形式经历了四个不同的发展变化阶段： 1.简单的或偶然的价值形式阶段 在这一阶段上，一种商品的价值仅仅是简单的或偶然的表现在与它相交换的另外一种商品上。即：1只绵羊=2把石斧 2.总和的或扩大的价值形式阶段 在这一阶段上，一种商品的价值表现在了与它相交换的一系列商品上。即： 2把石斧 1件上衣 1只绵羊= 15公斤茶叶 一定数量的其它商品 3.一般价值形式（一般等价形式）阶段 在这一阶段，所有商品的价值都表现在了一个作为一般等价物的商品身上，即：2把石斧 1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于一只绵羊。 4.货币形式阶段 在这一阶段，所有商品的价值都表现在了作为固定的一般等价物的金或银上，即：2把石斧1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于1克黄金。 二、货币形式的演变 货币产生后，伴随着商品生产和商品交换的发展，货币形式经历了从商品货币到信用货币的演变过程。 1.商品货币 商品货币最大的特点就是其自身价值（凝结在商品货币身上的无差别的一般的人类劳动）与其作为货币所购买的那种商品的价值在量上相等。也就是足值性。 商品货币又包括两种形式：实物货币、金属货币 （1）实物货币 实物货币是指以自然界中存在的某种物品或人们生产的某种商品来充当货币。 实物货币自身存在一些不利于商品交换的弊端，体现在如下三个方面： 1）实物货币不易分割、（无法满足小额商品交换的需要）； 2）实物货币不易保管； 3）实物货币不便携带。 （2）金属货币 金属货币：金、银

新概念英语第二册笔记_第67课

Lesson 67 Volcanoes 火山 【Text 】 Haroun T azieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but T azieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and be was able to return two days later . This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. 【课文翻译】 波兰科学家哈罗恩·塔捷耶夫花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火山和深洞。1948年他去了刚果的基伍湖，对一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山进行观察。当火山正在猛烈地喷发时，塔捷耶夫有办法把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方。尽管他设法拍了一些十分精彩的照片，但他却不能在火山附近停留太长的时间。他发现有一股岩浆正向他流过来，眼看就要将他团团围住，但塔捷耶夫还是设法及时逃离了。他等到火山平静下来，两天以后又返回去。这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山口，以便能拍摄照片和测试温度。塔捷耶夫经常冒这样的生命危险。他能告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何在世的人都要多。 New words and expressions 生词和短语 【生词讲解】 1. volcano n. 火山 (volcanoes) an active volcano 活火山 a dormant volcano 休眠火山 violently adv. 猛烈地，剧烈地 manage v. 设法 brilliant adj. 精彩的 liquid [5likwid] adj. 液态的；n. 液体 escape v. 逃脱 alive adj. 活着的