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2020年中考英语总复习基础语法：专题一名词

专题一名词

学前自测（发现考点）

( )1. Not much of the ____ is surprising in Guangzhou Daily today.

A. ideas

B. news

C. opinions

D. articles

( )2. —Would you like something to drink? — ____, please.

A. Two bottle of orange

B. Two bottle of oranges

C. Two bottles of orange

D. Two bottles of oranges

( )3. —I had ___ for breakfast this morning. What about you, Lily? —Just a piece of bread.

A. some noodles

B. a few noodle

C. a little noodle

D. a noodle

( )4. When we are in trouble, we need to get ___ from others.

A. many money

B. some advice

C. many help

D. some chances

( )5. Green represents ____ and nature. When you feel weak, you can wear green.

A. sadness

B. purity

C. joy

D. energy

( )6. Mickey is one of the most famous ____ in American _____.

A. symbol; culture

B. symbol; cultures

C. symbols; culture

D. symbols; cultures

( )7. Spring is Tom’s favourite ____. He likes warm weath er.

A. holiday

B. season

C. fruit

D. drink ( )8. In autumn there are a lot of ____ on the ground.

A. leaf

B. leafs

C. leaves

D. leave ( )9. Look! You can see many ___ in the pool. And here is some ___ for you to keep them.

A. fish; suggestion

B. fishes; advices

C. fish; advice

D. fishes; suggestion

( )10. ___ Day is coming. I will buy some ____for Miss Wu.

A. Teacher's; flower

B. Teachers'; flowers

C. Teachers'; flower

D. Teacher's; flowers

常考考点知识清单（研习考点）

考点一可数名词的复数形式

1. 规则变化

2. 不规则变化

(1) man—men; woman—women; child—children;

foot—feet; tooth—teeth; goose—geese; mouse—mice

(2) 单复数相同:sheep—sheep; deer—deer; fish—fish

注意:fish 强调鱼的条数的时候,单复数同形;强调鱼的种类的时候,复数形式要加-es,即 fishes。

(3) 某国人变复数的歌诀:中日不变英法变,其余-s 加后面。

Chinese—Chinese; Japanese—Japanese;

Englishman—Englishmen; American—Americans

(4) 有些名词本身是复数形式,如:clothes; pants; trousers; jeans; shorts; glasses; people 等。

注意:people 当“人们”讲时,本身是复数形式;当“民族”讲时,是单数形式,其复数要在末尾加-s。a people; 56 peoples

3. 复合名词的数

(1) 一般情况下把后面一个名词变为复数,作定语的名词不变。

a girl student—five girl students; an apple tree—ten apple trees

(2) 由 man 和 woman 构成的复合名词,变复数时要把名词和 man/ woman 同时变为复数。

a man doctor—three men doctors; a woman teacher—six women teachers

(3) sport 作定语修饰其他名词时,无论主题词是单数还是复数,sport 通常用复数形式。

a sports club; sports shoes

注意:时间名词作定语有两种形式:

两天的假期 a two-day holiday 或two days’ holiday

十分钟的路程 a ten-minute ride 或ten minutes’ ride

考点二不可数名词

1. 不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词 a/ an 修饰,但可用 much, a lot of / lots of, plenty of, some, lit-tle, a little 等修饰。作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。

There is some tea in the cup. 茶杯里有些茶。

2. 不可数名词还常用“数词/ 不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示不可数名词的量。 a piece of paper 一张纸, two cups of tea 两杯茶,a glass of water 一玻璃杯水,three bottles of pop 三瓶汽水。作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于 of 前面的量词的数。

There are three glasses of orange juice on the table. 桌子上有三杯橙汁。

考点三名词所有格

1. ’s 所有格

2. of 所有格

主要用于表示无生命事物的所有关系。

the name of the film 电影的名字 the cover of the book 书的封面

3. 双重所有格

“名词+of+名词性物主代词/ 名词所有格”构成双重所有格形式。

a friend of hers 她的一个朋友 a friend of Mike's 迈克的一个朋友

考点四专有名词

专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。它的第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。

1. 表示人名、尊称和头衔的专有名词

Einstein 爱因斯坦

President Obama 奥巴马总统

Doctor Lin 林博士/ 林医生

Queen Elizabeth II 伊利莎白女王二世

Mr Brown 布朗先生

注意:人名的前面若有尊称或头衔,如 Mr (先生), President (总统)等时,其第一个字母也要大写。

2. 表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词

Korea 韩国 Paris 巴黎

Pacific Ocean 太平洋 Mississippi 密西西比河

Mt. Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰

3. 表示团体、机构和报刊的专有名词

Museum of Postal History 邮政博物馆

China Daily 中国日报

Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院

Harvard University 哈佛大学

4. 表示星期、月份和节日的专有名词

Monday 星期一 March 三月

National Day 国庆节

5. 由普通名词构成的专有名词

the North Pole 北极 the River Nile 尼罗河

the Forbidden City 紫禁城 the Bund 上海外滩

the Great Wall 长城

the Temple of Heaven 天坛

the White House 白宫

the Terracotta Warriors 兵马俑

the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国

注意:上面列举的由普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它的首字母不大写。

巩固训练（夯实基础）

一、单项选择

( )1. —May I help you? —Yes, I'd like to have 20 ____. I need them to draw pictures.

A. piece of paper

B. pieces of paper

C. pieces of papers

D. piece of papers

( )2. —How does the old man make a ___ on the farm? —He raises many .

A. life; duck

B. living; horse

C. life; bird

D. living; sheep

( )3. —Can I help you? —I'd like ____ for twin daughters.

A. two pair of shoes

B. two pairs of shoe

C. two pair of shoe

D. two pairs of shoes

( )4. —Kate, what's in the big bowl? —A few _____ and a little .

A. pear; water

B. pears; waters

C. pear; waters

D. pears; water

( )5. —The two cities have reached an ____ to develop science and technology.

—That's great!

A. education

B. excitement

C. agreement

D. invitation ( )6. —Look, my shirt is the same as your ____. —So it is.

A. brother

B. sisters

C. brothers

D. brother's ( )7. Recently people care more about the safety of ____. Everyone wants to eat healthily.

A. foods

B. clothes

C. buildings

D. water

( )8. In our school, the number of women teachers ____ becoming larger and larger.

A. is

B. are

C. be

D. been

( )9. —There are twenty ____ in our school. —Yes, and they work very hard.

A. man teacher

B. man teachers

C. men teachers

D. men teacher ( )10. —I saw lots of _____ in the hall. —And there were several _____ in it, too.

A. American; Japanese

B. Americans; Japanese

C. American; Japaneses

D. Americans; Japaneses

二、用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.We played a joke on Jim on April ______ (Fool) Day.

2. There are many __________ (Frenchman) visiting this place.

3. Mr Green is a businessman and he runs four ______ (factory).

4. It is a _______ (please) for me to stay with you.

5. Our school will have a ______ (sport) meeting next weekend.

6. It’s _______ (Lucy) book. Please give it to her.

7. I took a lot of ______ (photo) in Hong Kong Disneyland.

8. Thanks for giving me so much __________ (information).

9. It’s five ________(minute) walk from here to my home.

10. What’s the ______ (long) of this river?

答案：

学前自测

1-5 BCABD 6-10 CBCCB

巩固训练

一、

1-5 BDDDC 6-10 DAACB

二、

1. Fool’s

2. Frenchmen

3. factories

4. pleasure

5. sports

6. Lucy’s

7. photos

8. information

9. minutes’

10. length

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B. word C. sentence ( )5. (2018 .河南)-It's useless to regret what has been done. Don't make those mistakes again. -I won't. That's a( n)_______ . A.order B. decision C. promise D. agreement ( ) 6. (2018 .海南) David likes taking photos,so his father bought him a_______last week. A.camera B. dictionary C. bicycle ( )7. (2018 .福建)-I don't know how to use the App Fun Dubbin. -Ask Jimmy for help. He has lots of _______ in doing it. A.experience B. trouble C. courage ( )8. (2018 .天津)Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden______. A. Competition B. interview

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初中英语语法专项习题9-时态 1 ( ) 1 -He came early this morning, didn't he? -Yes, he did. He often___ to school early. A. come B. comes C. came D. has come ( ) 2 Ann ____ her hair every week. A. is going to wash B. wash C. washes D. is washing ( ) 3 They usually_____TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches ( ) 4 The sun ___ in the east and___ in the west. A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises; set ( ) 5 Miss Gao___ English on the radio every morning. A. had studied B. studies C. study D. studied ( ) 6 Our teacher will return by the time school A. will begin B. began C. is beginning D. begins 2 ( ) 1 -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim? -So do I, but my sister ___. A. hasn't B. doesn't C. didn't D. won't ( ) 2 -That ten pound note belongs to me. A. Yes, it belongs B. No, it doesn't C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't ( ) 3 She will go if it ___ tomorrow. A. isn't rain B. don't rain C. doesn't rain D. didn't rain 3 ( ) 1 -_____ they often ___ these old men? -Yes, they___. A. Do; help; are B.Are; helping; are C. Do; help; do D. Are; helped; are ( ) 2 -___ he ___ to work on foot? -Yes, he___. A. Do; go; do B. Does; go; does C. Is; going; does D. Does; go; is ( ) 3 _____ you ___ some speaking in English every day? A. Is; speaking B. Do; do C. Do; does D. Does; do 4 ( ) 1 How ____ it in English? A. you say B. do you say C. to speak D. about talk ( ) 2 ___ you ___ to school every day? A. When; go B. When do; go . C. When did; go D. Does; go ( ) 3 ___ the girl ___ to school? A. Where does; go B. How do; go C. How does; goes D. How does; go 5 ( ) 1 _____ you ___ how to get the bus stop?

初中英语语法--名词专题(含练习)

名词（一）一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。二、名词的分类： 1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。 a. 人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy, Shanghai, China b.组织、团体、机构等例如: the United Nations c.语言、星期、月份等例如：English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法) 注意：国家与人的对应 China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s) Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s) France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen) 2．普通名词：（1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information … 不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： little很少的（表示否定）；a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much （多少），a bit of（一些）既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多) ★不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of 例如：a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread 注意：a bag of apples

中考英语语法知识点总结名词与代词

中考英语语法知识点总结：名词与代词名词名词复数的特殊变化。普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es〃 a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾〃复数要加-es; b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es; c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe 变为-v, 再加-es; d. 以-o结尾的名词〃一般来说〃末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s〃我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词〃变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato〃当然其中的piano 和photo〃又是一个例外〃他们的结尾只能加-s。 e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词〃其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman〃two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词〃故复数形式为 Germans; f. deer〃sheep等词单复数同形。 people〃police〃cattle 等词〃以单数形式出现〃但实为复数〃所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式〃这就是集体名词。the English〃the French〃the Chinese 等名词表示国民总称时〃也作复数用。

注意：maths〃politics〃physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾〃仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国)〃the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 a. man, woman等作定语时〃它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men workers〃 women teachers。 b. 数词+名词作定语时〃这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路〃two-hundred trees 两百棵树。代词代词中第一个“小个性”就是物主代词。像my和mine这两个小冤家总是让人分不清谁是谁。但你只要记住它们最重要的区别—my的后面一定要接名词〃不可以单独出现〃只能做定语〃如：my father;而 mine则是名词性〃只能单独出现〃在句中做主语和表语。如：Mine is green. It's mine. 记住这两个句子〃凡是名词性物主代词(yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs)就都可以放在mine的位置上了。代词的第二个“罗嗦”就是它有一个小跟班-self(selves)—反身代词〃也就是表示“自己、亲自”的意思。关于反身代词〃需要注意的是她不能单独做主语〃但可以放在人称代词后面〃做同位语。如：Marry herself said so. 玛丽她自己这么说的。 Of+名词性物主代词：

英语语法名词专题

一、名词的分类普通名词可数名词当不可数名词转化为可数名词时，词义常发生变化。集体名词专有名词不可数名词物质名词抽象名词二、名词的性 1. 在英语中，大多数名词没有性的区别，只有一个共同的形式。部分名词具有性别差异，存在阴性和阳性两种不同的形式。 2. 在具有性别差异的名词中，有些名词在词尾直接加“-ess ”即可构成阴性名词（多数）；有些名词在词尾直接加“-ette ”即可构成阴性名词（少数）；有些名词以“-ter ”或“-tor ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-tress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-rer ”或“-ror ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-ress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-der ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-dress ”以构成阴性名词。（①“-ter ”/“-tor ”→“-tress ”；②“-rer ”/“-ror ”→“-ress ”；③“-der ”→“-dress ”。注：少数情况下存在例外） 3. 在现代英语中，对于无性别区分的名词，一般可通过在该词前加 he/she, male/female, man/woman, boy/girl, lord/lady, dog/bitch, bull/cow, jack/jenny, tom/tally, cock/hen, duck/doe, billy/nanny, father/mother, son/daughter 等词来区分性别。（强调尊敬时，可用 lady 表示女性，但只能用单数形式。） 4. 某些外来语中的名词在变为阴性名词时，须接固定的后缀。（Ref.P324<7>） 5. 惯用阳性的名词和惯用阴性的名词： 1) 阳性词：general, lawyer, fellow, lover, soldier, sailor 等 2) 阴性词：nurse, typist, dressmaker, housekeeper 等 3) 拟人化的阳性词：Time, Mountain, Wind, War, the Ocean, Storm, Thunder, Sleep, Winter, Summer, Autumn, Despair, Fear 等（代词用 he ） 4) 拟人化的阴性词：Moon, Spring, Night, Nature, Peace, Hope, Virtue, Truth, the Earth, Liberty, Justice, Fame, Victory, Faith, Humility, Pride, Mercy, Art, Science, Soul 等（代词用 she ） 5) 通常情况下，船、火车、国家、都市均视为阴性名词。 6. man 可以包括 woman ，统指一切人，代词用 he/his 。三、名词的数 1. 专有名词的复数形式 1) 有些专有名词变为复数时，仅在词尾加“-s ”即可。 Kansas City → Kansas Citys Mayor Brown → Mayor Browns the two Mr. Smiths, Lord Mayors, Queen Elizabeths （例外：Rockey → Rockies, Sicily → Sicilies ）

中考英语专题一名词过关测试

专题一名词测试过关考号：_____ 姓名：____________ 做题时间： 30分钟得分：_______ （）1. Mr. Black is __. But he likes to drive a __ car. A. English; Chinese B. an English; China C. an England; China’ｓ D. English; Japan （）2. Lily and Lucy are from _______. A. English B. Chinese C. England D. French （）3.--Can you buy some eggs for dinner, mum? --Oh, no. There are _______ on the table. A. a box of egg B. two boxes of eggs C. two boxes of egg D. a boxes of eggs （）4. The bus station is about five ___ from his home. A. hundred meter B. hundreds of meter C. hundred meters D. hundreds of meters （）5. Our math teacher has _______ daughter. A. a 8-year-old B. an 8-years-old C. an 8-year-old D. an 8-year-olds （）6. It will take us _______ walk to get there. A. one hour and a half B. one and a half hour C. one and half hours D. o ne and a half hour’ｓ（）7. There are many _____ in our school. A. woman teachers B. man teachers C. women teachers D. men’s teachers （）8. There must be something wrong with her ______because she can’t see things clearly. A. eyes B. ears C. nose D. face （）9. How many _____ are there in your family? A. peoples B. people C. man D. woman （）10. In the picture you can see a ___ and many __. A. cat, sheeps B. cat, sheep C. sheep, cat D. cats, sheeps （）11. Those _____ stole a few ______ yesterday. A. thiefs, fishes B. thieves, fish C. thiefs, fishes D. thief, fish （）12. She is always complaining because______ people can get on well with her. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little （）13. The room is too small, there’s no enough ______for another chair. A. rooms B. room C. place D. spaces （）14. How many ____ are there in these _____? A. tomatoes, photo B. tomatoes, photos C. potato, photos D. potatoes, photo （）15. The little boy has two _______. A. geese B. tooth C. dog D. cat （）16. In order to keep fit, you should eat ______ fast food and _____ fresh vegetables. A. fewer, fewer B. less, more C. more, less D. many; little （）17. I’m thirsty. I’ d like to drink some _____. A. water B. bread C. eggs D. meat （）18. Let the children go away. They're making so much ______ here. A. noise B. voice C. sounds D. volume （）19. What _______ it is today! A. a nice weather B. nice weather C. nice a weather D. good a climate （）20. I want _______ and two apples for lunch. A. a piece of bread B. two piece of breads C. two piece of bread D. a pieces of bread （）21.---How many____ would you like? --Two. A. cups of coffee B. cups of teas C. cup of teas D. cup of coffee