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高考英语阅读理解训练题目附答案.doc

高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目 (附答案 )

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours

Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

Duration Tour

This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!

Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour

Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)

Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

Duration: 3 hours

Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route( 路线 )make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

Duration: 3 hours(7miles)

Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.

（1） Which tour do you need to book in advance?

（2） What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?

A. Meet famous people.

B. Go to a national park.

C. Visit well-known museums.

D. Enjoy interesting stories.

（3） Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?

A. City maps.

B. Cameras

C. Meals.

D. Safety lights. 【答案】（ 1） A

（2） A

（3） D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介绍了四个有特色的华盛顿特区自行车之旅。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear! 可知，华盛顿的樱花自行车之旅需要在樱花消失之前预定好位置，故

选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中的 "Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks." 可知，在首都自行车之旅

中可以听到导游讲的有关总统、国会、纪念碑等有趣的故事，故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety

lights 可知，夜间自行车之旅配备反光背心和安全灯，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及细节理解题，要注意仔细阅读从文中寻找答案。

2．阅读理解

As the President of Ariel Investments, I am often asked how to cultivate ( 培养 ) green hands to

be qualified for a new job within a short time. My memories take me straight back to the days when I worked for John W. Rogers.

While in college, I worked as an intern ( 实习生 ) at Ariel Investments. As the youngest girl of six kids from a single mom, I had very little knowledge of the business world. When I graduated, I decided to return to the company to improve myself.

At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly influenced by lunching with the company's founder and then-president, John W. Rogers. He told me that I would often find myself in the company of rich and successful people with big titles, lots of degrees and lots of experience. And yet, my ideas could still be as good or even better, he said. This early advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career. When I was starting out, I thought my inexperience was holding me back, but John said that it was a good thing. He told me that being inexperienced means that you have a fresh point of view.

As my tutor, John encouraged me to be brave. As my boss, he took some giant leaps of faith to support me. Because of our first lunch and the years of support that followed, I never thought

twice about speaking up, raising my hand or taking a seat at the table. Staying in the background was never a choice. But John's advice came with one important warning. I needed to keep my attitude in check. It's one thing to be firm but quite another to be rude. Similarly, there is a fine line between confidence and overconfidence. With that in mind, I have had to learn to balance the

way I act around others. As someone once told me, "the goal is to be non-threatened and non-threatening at the same time."

（1） What can we learn about the author from the text?

（2） Due to John W. Rogers' advice, the author_______.

A.learned to strike a balance between work and life

B.contributed her ideas only after listening to others'

C.no longer felt lost and became aware of her own value

D.switched to a different company to display her talent

（3） What can be a suitable title for the text?

（4） Who would probably benefit most from this article?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/961837814.html,pany bosses.

B.Those new to a job.

C.Business consultants.

D.Experienced teammates.

【答案】（ 1） B

（2） C

（3） A

（4） B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作为实习生，作者在实习期间受到公司的创始人、

董事长John W. Rogers 深深地影响，John W. Rogers 鼓励作者要敢于思考、发表自己的想

法，也鼓励作者要勇敢，因为John W. Rogers，作者也学习到" 要有锋芒却不伤人" 。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly influenced

by lunching with the company's founder and then-president, John W. Rogers." 作者 22 岁时的想法被 John W. Rogers极大地影响，故选 B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 "my ideas could still be as good or even better, he said. This early advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career." John W. Rogers 说作者的想法可以很好甚至可以更好，这些建议对于作者整个职业生涯造成

了非常大的影响，这些影响使得作者不再感到迷茫，同时也开始意识到自己的价值。故选

C。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的" ‘ Withthat in mind, I have had to learn to balance

the way I act around others. As someone once told me, ’ the goal-threatenedistobenonand non-threatening at the same time. " 可知，作者通过自己的经历告诉读者，要平衡自信与自

负之间的关系，而且曾经有人告诉作者" 要有锋芒，但也不要伤人" ，即能控制自己的态度，总结概括了文章的主旨。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。第一段提到作者非常擅长培养新手，同时作者也回忆了自己在做实习

生时的上司对作者的指导，这些对于刚入职场的人而言都是非常好的工作经验，因此这

篇文章特别适合职场新手。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

What to do if you find a sick, injured or abandoned wild animal.

General tips

Don't remove an animal from its natural habitat (the animal may not need assistance, and

you could do more harm than good).

Check the animal periodically for 24-48 hours.

Keep your distance.

Young animals/babies

If you find an abandoned young animal, separated from adults or left on its own — keep cats and dogs away and limit noise.

An adult may not return if it is noisy or if people are close by.

Get help for a wild animal

In Ontario, wildlife rehabilitators ( 复健员 ) are authorized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry to provide temporary care to sick, injured and abandoned wildlife so it can be returned to the wild. Rehabilitators commit significant time and resources, and many seek donations to assist with their work.

Every effort is made by wildlife rehabilitators to ensure wildlife in their care do not

become tame (驯服 ).

Find a wildlife rehabilitator

To get help for a sick, injured or abandoned animal, you can contact: an authorized wildlife rehabilitator your local Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry district office Health risks

If you come across sick or diseased wildlife and you suspect there is a public health risk (such as West Nile virus), contact your regional or local health unit immediately: Ontario Public Health Units

Public safety

If the animal is alive and there is a public safety issue, contact your local police department.

（1） Which is the general solution if you find an abandoned animal?

A. Leave it where it is and observe it.

B. Remove it from its natural habitat.

C. Stay with it and care for it.

D. Pretend not to have seen it.

（2） Wildlife rehabilitators are devoted to_______.

（3） Who will you contact if you find a wild animal at the risk of public health in Ontario?

A.Ontario Public Health Units.

B.An authorized wildlife rehabilitator.

C.The local police department.

D.The Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry.

（4） What's the purpose of the text?

A.To teach people how to train animals.

B.To give advice on protecting endangered wildlife.

C.To call on people to raise pets.

D.To introduce the animals in Ontario.

【答案】（ 1） A

（2） C

（3） A

（4） B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了对生病、受伤、遗弃的野生动物的救助方

法，包括：一般方法、幼崽的救助方法、帮助找到动物康复师、注意公共安全等方式。

（1）考查细节理解。根据 General tips 部分中的 "Don't remove an animal from its natural habitat" 不要把动物从它的栖息地抱走，同时"Check the animal periodically for 24-48 hours."

要在 24-48 小时内查看动物的情况，即观察动物的状态。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 Get help for a wild animal 部分中的 "provide temporary care to sick, injured and abandoned wildlife so it can be returned to the wild"复健员对被救治的动物提供暂

时的照顾，使得动物能最终回到野外。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据 Health risks 部分中的 "If you come across sick or diseased wildlife

and you suspect there is a public health risk ealthOntarioUnits"Public在发H现生病或残疾的野生动物可能会对公共健康造成影响时，就可以找到Ontario Public Health Units 。故选 A。（4）考查推理判断。根据文章标题可知，是在找到生病、受伤、遗弃的野生动物后可以

做什么，即救助建议和方法，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological change. It is

not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.

The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the change to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now-and no one can get one yet —but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly involved.

Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars.

This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more

interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.

When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors

not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like

to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.

Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.

While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can become mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.

（1） What happens when a new technology appears?

（2） What does the author say about the driverless car?

（3） Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?

（4） What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car?

A.The location of their residence.

B.The amount of training they received.

C.The length of their driving experience.

D.The field of their special interest.

【答案】（ 1） B

（2） C

（3） D

（4） A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老年人和年轻人对无人驾驶汽车的态度上并

没有表现出明显的代沟以及影响人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度的几个因素。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"generally, younger people tend to outnumber older

people on the front end of a technological change." 可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻

人往往比老年人多，由此可知，新技术的出现通常会引起不同年龄组的不同反应，故选

B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的 "generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological change. It is not always the case, though. When you

look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide."可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，不过，情况并不总是这样，

当你看到人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度时，似乎并没有明显的代沟，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的 "driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own

are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars." 可知，无人驾驶汽车尤其能为老年人带来

真正的价值，老年人，特别是那些行动不便或独自驾驶困难的人，是无人驾驶汽车的典型

使用案例之一，由此可知，无人驾驶汽车对一些老年人有吸引力是因为它有助于他们的行

动，故选 D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的 "Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in

rural areas."可知，一个人居住的地方也会影响他对无人驾驶汽车的态度，住在城市和郊区

的人比住在农村的人更愿意尝试无人驾驶汽车，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Positive thinking is a significant element of happiness. In order to become a positive thinker, determination and consistency are important. The first thing to know about positive thinking is

that everyone can do it. With certain cognitive (认知的 ) and behavioral changes, we can all become positive thinkers. Another important factor is that being a positive thinker does not mean you become numb to anything that is not working properly in your life or is negative - it just means that you approach life and face challenges with a healthier outlook.

Instead of selectively attending to negative events, focus on the positive ones. Then pay attention to the delayed consequences of your behavior rather than the immediate ones. For example, if a job is not going like you want, focus on the fact that you have a job and how you can take your time to make the situation better.

Challenge any internal attributions and see if you compare your behavior to standards that are excessively rigid and perfectionistic. If so, change these and be reasonable with your comparisons. For example, if you constantly compare your weaknesses with other people's strengths, then switch this and compare yourself with those who are doing poorer than you as well. Overall, people who focus more on their strengths than their weaknesses but at the same time are aware

of their weaknesses have a healthier self-evaluation result.

When faced with too much fear about a situation, imagine the worst case and visualize a solution for it, then let go of fear. This way, you will be prepared for anything and your fear will

not block you from being open and creative to different solutions. For example, if you are constantly worried about losing your job up to a point where it is creating a lot of anxiety and fear and is effecting your performance and your happiness negatively, then think of losing your job, visualize how you will handle it, find solutions in your mind and then let go of the thought and

the fear attached to it.

So positive thinkers are better problem solvers and have better interactions. In addition to that, people who are positive thinkers are happier and more satisfied with their life.

（1） Why is positive thinking a significant element of happiness?

（2） What does the text suggest about the job you don't like?

A. Quitting it and finding a better one.

B. Keeping and trying to make it better.

C. Being negative and numb to it.

D. Challenging yourself with a new outlook.

（3） What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4?

（4） What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. How to focus on the positive events

B. How to be a positive thinker

C. What to do when faced with fear

D. What to know of self-evaluation

【答案】（ 1） D

（2） B

（3） A

（4） B

【解析】【分析】本文为是一篇议论文，积极的思考是幸福的重要组成部分。要想成为一

个积极的思考者，决心和毅力必不可少。首先你要知道，每个人都能成为积极思考者。只

要改善一定的认知和行为,我们都可以做到。文章论述了如何成为一个积极的思考者。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”Another important factor is that being a positive thinker does not mean you become numb to anything that is not working properly in your life or

is negative - it just means that you approach life and face challenges with a healthier outlook.另一个重要的因素是，做一个积极的思考者并不意味着你对生活中任何不完美的事情麻木不

仁或是带有悲观的色彩——这只是意味着你以一种更健康的态度对待生活和面对挑战，可

推知，积极思考能让一个人更健康地对待生活和面对挑战，这也是一个人感到幸福的重要

因素。故选D。

（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的” For example, if a job is not going like you want, focus

on the fact that you have a job and how you can take your time to make the situation better. 例如，如果一份工作不像你想要的那样，把注意力集中在你有一份工作这个事实上，以及你

如何花时间让情况变得更好，可知，当你有一份不喜欢的工作的时候，你应该坚持并努力

让它变得更好。故选B。

（ 3）考查段落大意。第四段中的” When faced with too much fear about a situation, imagine the worst case and visualize a solution for it, then let go of fear. 当面对太多的恐惧时，想象“最

坏的情况，想象一个解决方案，然后放下恐惧。是主题句，也是本段论述的主题。故选

A。

B 项

（ 4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文论述了如何成为一个积极的思考者。因此，

“如何成为一个积极的思考者”适合做本文最佳标题。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息的基础上，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概

括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Every year migratory( 迁徙的 ) bats travel from Mexico to Bracken Cave, where they spend the

summer consuming insects that would otherwise hungrily eat common food crops. But the bats

have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.

In a study, scientists at Rothamsted Research, an agricultural laboratory in England, used radar

data from 160 U.S. weather stations to analyze activity in the Texas bat colony from 1995 through

2017. They discovered the creatures were leaving their winter quarters in Mexico earlier and

reproducing sooner. They were also astonished to find increasing numbers of bats overwintering( 过

冬 ) at Bracken Cave instead of heading back to their cold weather quarters in Mexico.

Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted

biologist Phillip Stepanian says.

A separate study of migratory bats in Indiana, published last year, found that temperature

variations affected arrival and departure times —likewise hinting at the potential influence of climate change. Joy O'Keefe, a biology professor at Indiana State University and co-author of that study,

says early arrival at their summer habitats( 栖息地 ) could expose these bats to cold snaps(寒流 ),

and they could freeze to death.

Joy O'Keefe and her colleagues also found that changing bat migration times can also clash with

rainfall patterns. Many insects that bats eat breed in seasonal lakes and puddles. If the bats arrive

too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects they may struggle to

feed their pups(幼崽 ) or skip reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. "Declines in

bat populations could have severe effects for crop success," she says, adding that bats also "control significant disease vectors, such as mosquitoes."

However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat

colony to migrate earlier. They have found a direct link between seasonal temperatures and bird migration, but bats are also influenced by factors such as changes in wind speed and direction.

And there are other complications. “ Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track," Stepanian says. "We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step."

（1） Scientists at Rothamsted Research found that _________.

A. bats prefer colder weather

B. bats delay their reproduction

C. warming affects bat migration

D. radar can be used to observe bats

（2） Joy O'Keefe discovered that _________.

A. bats are used to living in rainfall seasons

B. bats' earlier migration might harm farming

C. insects' reproduction helps to spread disease

D. insects shortage makes bats reproduce earlier

（3） What does the last paragraph want to tell us?

C. Climate change makes bats migrate earlier.

D. Further research on the cause is necessary.

（4） What is the best title for the passage?

A. Bats' habitats

B. Endangered bats

C. Bats' schedule

D. Bats, our good friends

【答案】（ 1） C

（2） B

（3） D

（4） C

【解析】【分析】

【点评】本文是一篇说明文，作者先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象

可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。

（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures

change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says. 罗”斯泰德的生物

学家菲利普·斯捷潘尼安说，越冬是气温升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志，可知，蝙蝠越

冬的方式是一个迹象，这表明了气温上升改变了它们每年的迁徙规律。故选C。

（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“‘theIf bats arrive too early to benefit from summer

rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects, they may struggle to feed their pups( 幼崽 ) or skip

reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to

decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. “ Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success, 奥基’夫说she，如says果蝙蝠”来得太早，无法从夏

季降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中获益，它们可能难以喂养幼崽，或者完全跳过繁殖。她担

心这种转变可能会导致中西部蝙蝠走向灭绝，这对人类来说是个坏消息。“蝙蝠数量的减少

可能对作物的成功产生严重影响，”她说，可知，蝙蝠过早地迁徙会因为缺少食物，导致喂

养幼仔的困难，或者跳过繁殖期，这将导致蝙蝠数量减少，害虫增加，从而对农作物产生

影响。由此可知，乔伊·奥基夫发现，蝙蝠过早的迁徙可能会危害农业。故选B。

（ 3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ However,scientists are not certain that climate

change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier.然而，科学家们还不能”

确定仅仅是气候变化就导致了蕨类洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的迁徙；及“Batsare mysterious little

animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track, ”Stepanian says. have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the

next step. 斯”捷潘尼安说：“蝙蝠是神秘的小动物，大多在夜间活动，很难观察和追踪。”。

“我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的描述，但真正将其与原因联系起来还需要进一步的

研究。”可推知，对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。故选D。

（ 4）考查主旨大意。作者通过第一段中的“ Butthe bats have been showin g up far earlier

than they did two decades ago. 但是蝙蝠”出现的时间比20 年前要早得多）提出蝙蝠迁徙提前

的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的

原因。由此可知，本文主要围绕蝙蝠的迁徙时间变化展开介绍分析。由此可知选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Microsoft announced this week that its facial-recognition system is now more accurate in identifying people of color, touting ( 吹嘘 )its progress at tackling one of the technology's biggest biases (偏见 ).

But critics, citing Microsoft's work with Immigration and Customs Enforcement, quickly seized on how that improved technology might be used. The agency contracts with Microsoft for cloud-computing tools that the tech giant says is largely limited to office work but can also include face recognition.

Columbia University professor Alondra Nelson tweeted, "We must stop confusing 'inclusion'

in more 'diverse' surveillance ( 监管 )systems with justice and equality."

Facial-recognition systems more often misidentify people of color because of a long-running data problem: The massive sets of facial images they train on skew heavily toward white men. A Massachusetts Institute of Technology study this year of the face-recognition systems designed by Microsoft, IBM and the China-based Face++ found that facial-recognition systems consistently

giving the wrong gender for famous women of color including Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams, Michelle Obama and Shirley Chisholm, the first black female member of Congress.

The companies have responded in recent months by pouring many more photos into the mix, hoping to train the systems to better tell the differences among more than just white faces. IBM said Wednesday it used 1 million facial images, taken from the photo-sharing site Flickr, to build the "world's largest facial data-set" which it will release publicly for other companies to use.

IBM and Microsoft say that allowed its systems to recognize gender and skin tone with much more precision. Microsoft said its improved system reduced the error rates for darker-skinned men and women by "up to 20 times," and reduced error rates for all women by nine times.

Those improvements were heralded( 宣布 )by some for taking aim at the prejudices in a rapidly spreading technology, including potentially reducing the kinds of false positives that could lead police officers misidentify a criminal suspect.

But others suggested that the technology's increasing accuracy could also make it more marketable. The system should be accurate, "but that's just the beginning, not the end, of their ethical obligation," said David Robinson, managing director of the think tank Upturn.

At the center of that debate is Microsoft, whose multimillion-dollar contracts with ICE came

under fire amid the agency's separation of migrant parents and children at the Mexican border.

In an open letter to Microsoft chief executive Satya Nadella urging the company to cancel that contract, Microsoft workers pointed to a company blog post in January that said Azure Government would help ICE "accelerate recognition and identification." "We believe that Microsoft must take an ethical stand, and put children and families above profits," the letter said.

A Microsoft spokesman, pointing to a statement last week from Nadella, said the company's "current cloud engagement" with ICE supports relatively anodyne(温和的 )office work such as "mail, calendar, massaging and document management workloads." The company said in a statement that its facial-recognition improvements are "part of our going work to address the industry-wide and societal issues on bias."

Criticism of face recognition will probably expand as the technology finds its way into more arenas, including airports, stores and schools. The Orlando police department said this week that

it would not renew its use of Amazon. com's Rekognition system.

Companies "have to acknowledge their moral involvement in the downstream use of their technology,"

Robinson said. "The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash

their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."

（1） What is "one of the technology's biggest biases" in Paragraph 1?

A. Class bias.

B. Regional difference.

C. Professional prejudice.

D. Racial discrimination.

（2） What can we know about the improvement of facial-recognition technology?

（3） What is the focus of the face-recognition debate?

A. Data problems.

B. The market value.

C. The application field.

D. A moral issue. （4） What is David Robinson's attitude towards facial-recognition technology?

A. Skeptical.

B. Approval.

C. Optimistic.

D. Neutral.

（5） We can infer from the last paragraph that Robinson thinks _____.

A. companies had better hide from responsibilities

B. companies deny problems with its technical process

C. companies should not launch new products on impulse

D. companies should be responsible for the new product and the consequences

（6） Which can be the suitable title for the passage?

A. The wide use of Microsoft system

B. Fears of facial-recognition technology

C. The improvement of Microsoft system

D. Failure of recognizing black women

【答案】（ 1） D

（2） B

（3） D

（4） A

（5） D

（6） B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，微软面部识别技术改进了肤色识别，宣布其人脸识

别技术将会更加精确，但是人们却认为它会带来更大的问题，希望微软把道德置于其利润

之上，并且能够为产品以及其带来的后果负责。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段” Microsoft announced this week that its facial-recognition system is now more accurate in identifying people of color, touting ( 吹嘘） its progress at tackling one of the technology's biggest biases (偏见 ). 可“知微软面部识别技术改进了肤色识别，吹嘘它可以解决该技术最大的偏见，由此可以推断该项技术在人种肤色上有偏见，也就是种族歧视。故选 D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的” Thecompanies have responded in recent months by pouring many more photos into the mix, hoping to train the systems to better tell the differences among more than just white faces. 可知那些“公司通过在原有照片中加入更多的照片，通过训

练系统，从而提升系统的识别能力，即通过扩充照片数据库来提升系统的识别能力。故选

B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第九段中的”At the center of that debate is Microsoft, whose multimillion-dollar contracts with ICE came under fire amid the agency's separation of migrant parents and children at the Mexican border. ；“和第十段中的” Webelieve that Microsoft must take an ethical stand, and put children and families above profits 可知对微“软人脸识别技术的争

论中心是，它会把墨西哥边缘的移民父母和孩子分开，且人们认为微软必须坚守道德底线，将儿童和家庭置于其利润之上，故推断目前对于脸部识别技术争论的焦点是道德问

题。故选D。

（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"The impulse is that they're going out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."

他们推出了一种产品然后对其后果撒手不管，这是让人难以接受的。故推断

to put a product 可知 Robinson 认为

Robinson 对人

脸识别技术是不支持的。故选A。

（ 5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"The impulse is that they're going out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."

他们推出了一种产品然后对其后果撒手不管，这是让人难以接受的。故推断

公司应该对自己的产品和产品带来的后果负责到底。故选D。

to put a product 可知 Robinson 认为

Robinson 认为

（ 6）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了人们怀疑改进之后的人脸识别技术会带

来更多的问题，比如种族歧视和置墨西哥孩子的利益于不顾。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

It's no surprise to hear the honking of horns in New York. Whoever tries every day to get more than a few minutes of sleep in the morning in the city will tell you that he could do nothing about

it! No one can deny honking of horns is just one of his most widely enjoyed pastimes.

But Andy, a Japanese website developer has had enough of it. Once, the 27-year-old man approached the open window to wait for the driver to finish honking, delivered a polite "excuse me" and then yelled "Ho-o-o-o-onk!", which means fierce anger in Japan. Then he threw three eggs from the window of his apartment on to a passing car honking loudly below when his patience was worn out. Instead of apologizing to him, the driver threatened to kill him angrily. So,

nobly, Andy turned to non-violence. He started writing anti-honking haiku verses, a form of Japanese poetry, and submitted them to local newspapers:

Oh. forget Enron;

The problem around here is; All the damn honking (Enron: a major American company that recently caused a scandal because of corrupt( 腐败 ) mismanagement)

"Then this kind of chain reaction started happening," Andy says. "All these other haiku

started appearing unexpectedly" Andy's community is now covered in anti - honking poetry, written by all walks of life.

Patience slowly fades;

Residents store up their eggs; That day is coming soon.

It's understandable that Andy has set up a website — https://www.wendangku.net/doc/961837814.html, — and now people from across the country send him news of their own anti - honking activities. It seems that poetry can change the world after all. Then, just recently, anti-anti- honking haiku started to appear, launched by locals who thought Andy should stop worrying about honking and start worrying about starving children, or war in the Middle East instead. Andy has an answer for that. "Stop me

if this is too ridiculous," he says, "but they talk about the violence in the Middle East like it's a force of nature, like it's beyond our control. But actually it's kind of like the honking - the

violence is man -made. If we can figure out how to stop honking on the streets, I think we could learn some things that we could use on a large scale."

（1） What does the first paragraph intend to tell us about New Yorkers?

（2） What is Andy's final reaction to the frequent honking of horns?

A. Pretended to ignore it.

B. Screamed at the driver.

C. Acted in a peaceful way.

D. Complained to the government.

（3） According to the passage, most New Yorkers think Andy's response is______.

A. acceptable

B. pointless

C. sensitive

D. abnormal （4） Facing the criticism of his anti-honking campaign, Andy notes that______.

A. if not handled well, honking will cause serious problems like starvation

B. fierce violence in the Middle East is more of an issue worthy of concern

C. violence in the world as well as honking on the street is under our control

D. finding the solution to anti - honking is as meaningful as that to starvation

【答案】（ 1） B

（2） C

（3） A

（4） D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了纽约的汽车喇叭声严重影响了人们的生活，

一个日本人对此做出了很大的挣扎，从激烈对抗到写打油诗的非暴力反抗，以及纽约当地

人对此的反映。

（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ It'sno surprise to hear the honking of horns in New York.

Whoever tries every day to get more than a few minutes of sleep in the morning in the city

will tell you that he could do nothing about it!可知在纽约听到巨”大的汽车喇叭声不足为奇，

因为这些声音人们想多睡几分钟是不可能的，即汽车喇叭声影响了纽约人的日常生活。故

选 B。

（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ So, nobly, Andy turned to non -violence.可知”Andy最

后采取了非暴力行为来反抗喇叭噪音。故选C。

（ 3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ It'sunderstandable that Andy has set up a website

— www. honku. org — and now people from across the country send him news of their own anti

-honking activities. 可知” Andy 建立网站后全国各地的人都给他寄来反喇叭噪音行为的消

息，故推测人们对Andy 的行为是接受并且支持的。故选A。

（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ Ifwe can figure out how to stop honking on the

streets, I think we could learn some things that we could use on a large scale.可知Andy认为如”果解决了喇叭噪音问题，就能把从中学到的东西应用到更大规格的事情上，故推测他认为

解决喇叭噪音和解决饥荒一样重要。选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答

案。

9．阅读理解

During your four years in the college, you'll have many exciting choices to make, the first of

which will be your course selection for your first semester. The beauty of this choice is that you

can't go wrong! No matter which one of our First-Year Options you select to apply for, you will

create a rich intellectual experience to begin your college career.

Option 1: Liberal Arts Seminar

The Liberal Arts Seminar is a multidisciplinary( 多学科的 )course that explores the cultural history

of the Mediterranean through fictional and nonfictional books.

Fall schedule: When Registration opens, you will select between one and four additional

courses to complete your schedule.

Option 2: FLL Hager Scholars Program

The FLL Hager Scholars Program is designed with our most ambitious students of languages and linguistics in mind, and is designed to create for them both a sense of community and opportunities

for intellectual growth.

Fall schedule: When Registration opens, you will select between one and three additional

courses to complete your schedule.

Option 3: Ignatius Seminars

Offered only in the first semester, Ignatius Seminars introduce students to the depth and diversity

of Georgetown's dynamic intellectual community.

Fall schedule: When Registration opens, you will select three or four additional courses to

complete your schedule.

Option 4: Traditional First-Year Academic Program

With this program, you'll take your first step into the college's rich and varied core courses

and explore your fields of interest in free optional coursework.

Fall schedule: When Registration opens, you will build a schedule of four or five additional courses from the full college curriculum.

（1） How do students learn the cultural history of the Mediterranean?

A. By completing the schedule.

B. By writing fictional books.

C. By selecting l or 4 courses.

D. By reading materials of this area.

（2） Which program is suitable for a student interested in languages?

A. Option 1.

B. Option 2.

C. Option 3.

D. Option 4.

（3） What's a possible reason for choosing Option 4?

A. It is designed for language learners.

B. It provides various courses for free.

C. It introduces you to areas of interest.

D. It is only offered in the first semester.

【答案】（ 1） D

（2） B

（3） C

【解析】【分析】本文是是一篇说明文，在大学的四年里，你会有很多令人兴奋的选择，

第一个是你第一学期的课程选择。这个选择的美妙之处在于你不会出错！无论你选择申请

哪一个，你都将为你的大学生涯创造一个丰富的智力体验。作者介绍了大学生对课程的四

种选择。

（ 1）考查细节理解。根据 Option 1:Liberal Arts Seminar 部分中的“ The Liberal Arts Seminar is a multidisciplinary （多学科的） course that explores the cultural history of the Mediterranean through fictional and nonfictional books.人文学科研讨”会是一门多学科课程，通过虚构和非

虚构的书籍探索地中海的文化历史，可知，学生通过虚构和非虚构的书籍探索地中海的文

化历史。由此可知，学生是通过阅读该地区的资料来学习地中海的文化历史的。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据 Option 2:FLL Hager Scholars Program 部分中的“ TheFLL Hager

Scholars Program is designed with our most ambitious students of languages and linguistics in mind, and is designed to create for them both a sense of community and opportunities for intellectual growth. ” FLLHager Scholars Program 的设计初衷是为我们最具雄心的语言和语言

学学生服务，旨在为他们创造一种社区感和智力成长的机会，可知，Option 2 的设计初衷

是为我们最具雄心的语言和语言学学生服务。可知，对语言感兴趣的学生可以选择Option 2:FLL Hager Scholars Program。故选 B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据 Option 4: Traditional First-Year Academic Program 部分中的“ With this program, you'll take your first step into the college's rich and varied core courses and explore

your fields of interest in free optional coursework. 有”了这个项目，你将迈出你的第一步，进

Option 4

自由选修课程中探索你感兴趣的领域。可推知，Option 4 能把你领进你感兴趣的领域，这

应该是学生选择Option 4 的原因。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

A science teacher from rural Kenya who gives away most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1 million, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries. Peter Tabichi, 36, a maths and physics teacher at Keriko secondary school in Pwani Village, has won the Varkey Foundation Global Teacher Prize 2019.

Tabichi gives away 80% of his income to help the poorest students at the poorly-equipped and overcrowded school who could not otherwise afford uniforms and books. More than 90% of his students are from poor families and almost a third are orphans or have only one parent. Drug abuse, teenage pregnancies, leaving off their studies, young marriages and suicide are common. Students have to walk 7 km along roads that can become impassable in the rainy season to

reach the school and the area can be affected by drought and starvation.

Despite only having one computer, a poor Internet connection and a student-teacher ratio of

58:1, Tabichi started a "talent nurturing club" and expanded the school's science club, helping students design research projects of such quality that many now qualify for national competitions. His students have taken part in international science competitions and won an award from the Royal Society of Chemistry after using local plant life to generate electricity. Tabichi and four colleagues also give struggling students one-to-one tuition in maths and science, visiting students' homes and meeting their families to identify the challenges they face.

Accepting the prize, Tabichi said Africa's young people would no longer be held back by low expectations." Africa will produce scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs whose names will be

one day famous in every corner of the world." he said.

（1） What made Peter Tabichi win the prize in 2019?

A. Giving away $ 1 million to education.

B. Teaching in secondary schools for 36 years.

C. Fighting drought and starvation in Africa.

D. Helping the poorer students in rural Kenya.

（2） Why did Tabichi start the "talent nurturing club"?

（3） Which of the following best describes Peter Tabichi as a teacher?

A. Independent.

B. Caring.

C. Humorous.

D. Interesting.

（4） What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. African education cost is expected to get lower.

B. Africa is in desperate need of young scientists.

C. Tabichi is not pleased until he is known worldwide.

D. Tabichi has high expectations for young Africans.

【答案】（ 1） D

（2） C

（3） B

（4） D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，肯尼亚农村教师彼得·塔比奇由于资助贫困学生获

得了世界最佳教师奖。

（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ Ascience teacher from rural Kenya who gives away

most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1

million, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries. 一名来自肯尼亚”农村的科学教师获得

了世界最佳教师奖，并获得了100 万美元的奖金，他将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学

生。可推知，助肯尼亚农村贫困学生让彼得·塔比奇赢得了2019 年世界最佳教师奖。故选

D。

（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ Despiteonly having one computer, a poor Internet connection and a student- teacher ratio of 58:1, Tabichi started a ‘ talentnurturing club ’and expanded the school's science club, helping students design research projects of such quality that

many now qualify for national competitions. 尽管只有一台”电脑，网络连接不畅，师生比例为

58:1，但他还是创办了一个“人才培养俱乐部”，并扩大了学校的科学俱乐部，帮助学生设

计出质量如此之高的研究项目，现在许多学生都有资格参加全国性的竞赛）可知，他创办

“人才培养俱乐部”，是为了帮助学生设计一些研究项目。故选C。

（ 3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ Ascience teacher from rural Kenya who gives away

most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1

mil lion, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries. 一名来自肯尼亚”农村的科学教师获得

了世界最佳教师奖，并获得了100 万美元的奖金，他将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学

生；及第二段中的“Tabichigives away 80% of his income to help the poorest students at the

poorly-equipped and overcrowded school who could not otherwise aff ord uniforms and books. ”塔比奇把他 80%的收入捐给了设备简陋、人满为患的学校，帮助那些买不起校服和书籍的

最贫困学生。可知，塔比奇将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学校和学生。由此可知，塔比

奇是一个非常有爱心的好老师。故选B。

（ 4 ）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ Africawill produce entrepreneurs whose names will be one day famous in every corner of scientists,

the world.

engineers and

他”说“非洲将

培养出科学家、工程师和企业家，他们的名字总有一天会在世界各地家喻户晓。可推知，

塔比奇对非洲年轻人充满了很高的期望。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要

准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

A video of a three-year-old girl being kicked by her own mother during a photo shot went viral (疯狂传播 ) on Thursday, indicating China's under per forma nee in regulating the emerging child modeling industry.

The girl, known as Niu Niu, was physically abused by her mother in several videos. The videos have annoyed Chinese media and Internet users alike. Many netizens and scholars call for local authorities to carry out further investigations into possible child abuse.

In response to the public outcry ( 强烈抗议 ), Niu Niu's mother issued an apology via Sina Wei bo on Thursday, condemning accusations of abuse. She noted that she was merely guiding her

daughter for better shots and the girl is well looked after.

Despite her apology, many E-shops which used Niu Niu's images for brand promotion have canceled their cooperation with the mother, while over 110 well-known child garment shops on Taobao have signed up for a campaign to provide better protection for child models.

"It is necessary to adopt comprehensive laws and regulations to further protect the kids, preventing their parents and companies from exploiting ( 利用 ) them," Fang Zhiqing, a lawyer and child protection expert, said.

Niu Niu is not alone. In Zhili, a small town in Zhejiang province, thousands of children from across China are taken here by their parents to seize the chance of fame. With a population of 450,000. Zhili has over 13,000 manufacturers of child clothing. In 2017, the town earned over 7 billion yuan by selling do thing for children online, thus providing opportunities for child models.

"China's current advertisement law isn't workable when it comes to the industry of child modeling, as it lacks clear supervision measures and clear legal punishment." Fang added. "It is important to issue new laws which regulate child modeling."

（1） What caused the public outcry?

（2） What happened after the public outcry?

（3） What provided chances for Chinese child models?

A. The appearance of online shopping.

B. The huge online sales of child clothing.

C. The fast development of manufacturing.

D. The change of parents' ideas about success.

（4） Which opinion may Fang Zhiqing agree with?

A. China should regulate child modeling.

B. There are too many child models in China.

C. New economic laws should be issued in Chinch.

D. China s current advertisement law isn't workable.

【答案】（ 1） D

（2） D

（3） B

（4） A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了一个叫妞妞的儿童模特遭到了母亲的身体

虐待引起了公众的强烈抗议以及人们对儿童模特行业的思考。

（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ Thegirl, known as Niu Niu, was physically abused by her mother in several videos.The videos have annoyed Chinese media and Internet users alike.可知，视频中，一个叫妞妞的女孩遭到了母亲的身体虐待引起了公众的强烈抗议，故选D。

（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ Despiteher apology, many E-shops which used Niu

Niu's images for brand promotion have canceled their cooperation with the mother, 可知，在公”众的强烈抗议之后，很多网店停止了与妞妞母亲的合作，故选D。

（ 3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ In2017, the town earned over 7 billion yuan by

selling do thing for children online, thus providing opportunities for child models. 可知， 2017”

年，这个浙江的小镇通过在网上销售童装赚了70 多亿元，这为儿童模特提供了机会，可

知，童装在网上的巨大销量为中国的儿童模特提供了机会，故选B。

（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ Itis important to issue new laws which regulate

child modeling. 可推”断，方志清会同意中国应颁布新的法律来规范儿童模特行业，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要

准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

If you wear glasses, chances are you are smarter. Research published in the famous British

journal Nature Communications has found that people who displayed higher levels of intelligence

were almost 30 percent more likely to wear glasses.

The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and 102.The

study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was

eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed

glasses. Scientists also said being smarter has other benefits. It is connected to better health.

It is important to remember these are connections which are not proven causes. Scientists call this correlation. Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those

things caused the other. And it's worth noting that what constitutes intelligence is subjective and can

be difficult, if not impossible, to measure.

Forget genes though. Plenty of proof shows wearing glasses makes people think you are more

intelligent, even if you do not need glasses. A number of studies have found people who wear

glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their

cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance. He said sometimes

there has been a huge amount of proof showing that people he was defending broke the law. He had

them wear glasses and they weren't found guilty.

Glasses are also used to show someone is intelligent in movies and on TV. Ideas about people

who wear glasses have begun to shift. People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for

fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though.

GQ magazine said people who wear glasses for fashion are trying too hard to look smart and hip (时

髦的 ). However, that hasn't stopped many celebrities from happily wearing glasses even if they do

not need them. Justin Bieber is just one high-profile fan of fashion glasses.

（1） What does the new study show?

A. People wearing glasses are smarter.

B. People wearing glasses are healthier.

C. Wearing glasses can make people cleverer.

D. Wearing glasses is associated with higher IQ.

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