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英语话西游

英语话西游
英语话西游

英语话“西游”

《西游记》是中国四大古典小说(Four Great Classical Novels)之一,通常翻译为Journey to the West,也翻译为The Journey to the West、Adventures of the Monkey God、Monkey: A Folk Novel of China、The Adventures of Monkey等。在西方国家,有时候它就直接被译为Monkey。

故事一共一百章,围绕唐朝和尚(Buddhist monk)玄奘(Xuanzang)去印度朝圣(pilgrimage)获取佛学经典(Buddhist scriptures)的神奇经历(mythologized legends)展开,当然这是一种对历史事件的虚构描述(fictionalized account)。

在取经路上,他们遇到了各种鬼怪(monsters)和劫难(calamity),包括火焰山(flaming mountain)、蜘蛛精洞(lair of spider-spirits)、女儿国(kingdom ruled by women)等千奇百怪的场面(scenario)。他们必须经历九九八十一难(81 disasters)方能取得真经。

[唐僧]

唐僧在英语中也常翻译为Xuanzang,或Tripitaka,即三藏,字面意思是Three Baskets of Buddhist Teaching。据说吃了他的肉可以长生不老(to obtain immortality by eating Xuanzang's flesh)。

[孙悟空]

孙悟空(Sun Wukong)是从石头里诞生的猴子,会72变(72 polymorphic transformations),长生不死(immortality),自封为"齐天大圣"(Great Sage Equal to Heaven),曾经位列天官(celestial bureaucracy),后反叛(rebel)天庭,被佛用咒语(talisman)困于五行山(Five Elements Mountain)下五百年。

他原来叫美猴王(Handsome Monkey King),住在花果山(Mountain of Flowers and Fruits)水帘洞(Cave of Water Curtains);悟空是菩提祖师(Patriarch Bodhi)起的法号,意思是Awakening to Emptiness。

他的兵器是如意金箍棒(will-following golden-banded staff)。他还在八卦炉(eight-trigram brazier)练就了火眼金睛(fiery golden eyes),翻筋斗云(cloud somersault)的本领(talents)。

唐僧用一个金箍(gold band)通过念咒(chant magic words),即紧箍咒(tightening-crown spell)可以制服他。

[猪八戒]

猪八戒(Zhu Bajie)字面意思是Eight-precepts Pig或Eight-prohibitions,通常翻译为Pigsy、Monk Pig或Pig。

他原为天蓬元帅(Marshal Tian Peng),即天庭水军将官(commander of Heavenly Naval Forces),由于调戏(flirt with)嫦娥(Princess of the Moon Chang'e)被贬下(banish)人间(mortal realm),特点是贪吃好色(insatiable appetites for food and sex)。

他也叫猪悟能(Pig Awakened to Power),是半人半猪(half human half pig)的怪物,曾经在高老庄(Gao Village)变成普通人娶亲。他的兵器是九齿钉耙(nine-tooth iron rake)。

[沙悟净]

沙悟净(Sha Wujing)是河怪(river ogre),字面意思是Sand Awakened to Purity,他也叫沙和尚(Friar Sand),因为

他住在流沙河(Flowing Sand River)。

他曾是天庭的卷帘大将(Great General for Folding the Curtain),只因在蟠桃宴(Peach Banquet)上打破了王母娘娘(Heavenly Queen Mother)的水晶杯(crystal goblet)被贬下凡。他的兵器是月牙铲(Crescent-Moon Shovel)。

[白龙马]

白龙马(white horse)原来是西海龙王(Dragon King of the Western Sea)敖闰殿下的三太子(the third son of Ao Run)。龙王三太子纵火烧了殿上玉帝赐的明珠(bright pearls),触犯天条,犯下死罪,幸亏大慈大悲的观世音菩萨出面,才幸免于难,被贬到蛇盘山(Coiled Snake Mountain)等待唐僧西天取经。

无奈他不识唐僧师徒,误食唐僧坐骑白马,后来被观世音菩萨点化,锯角退鳞,变化成白龙马,皈依佛门,取经路上供唐僧坐骑,任劳任怨,历尽艰辛,终于修成正果,取经归来,被如来佛祖升为八部天龙马。

[观音菩萨]

观音(Guanyin)菩萨(Bodhisattva)遵照佛(Buddha)的指示,将去西天取经的任务交给了唐僧和三个徒弟(disciple)以及唐僧的坐骑(mount)白龙马。

他们通过帮助唐僧取经,来赎(atone)过去犯下的罪过(past sin)。观音也叫观世音(Guanshiyin),字面意思是Observing the Sounds or Cries of the World,在西方经常翻译为慈悲女神(Goddess of Mercy),有时音译为Kuan-yin或Kuan-shih yin。

日语发音Kannon;朝鲜语发音Gwan-eum;越南、泰国、印尼等也受中国影响,有这个神,发音接近汉语。

[如来佛祖]

如来佛祖(Tathagata Buddha)法力无边,手下的八大金刚(eight Vajrapanis)、十八罗汉(Eighteen Guardians of the Faith)、各路菩萨(Bodhisattva),个个都有千般变化。英勇无比的孙悟空,一个筋斗云十万八千里,但却翻不出如来佛的手掌心。

如来的本意是乘真如来之道而来,也就是说如实而来,是佛教(Buddhism)的祖师。他的种族名释迦(Sakya),牟尼(muni)是圣人(sage)的意思,合起来叫释迦圣人,他原是古印度北部一个王子,因为对当时的婆罗门教(Brahmanism)不满,出家修行,创立佛教。

[太上老君]

太上老君(Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad),姓李名耳,字长庚(Changgeng),道教创始人,因而称为太上老君。

他住在兜率宫(Tushita Heavenly palace)练金丹(golden elixir),常骑青牛。他有个法宝叫金钢琢(Diamond Bangle),非常厉害,在捉拿大闹天宫的孙悟空时立下功劳,却又被他的青牛偷去,在金兜洞(Jindou Cave)多次斗败孙悟空、托塔李天王(Pagoda-carrying Heavenly King)、十八罗汉等神仙,最后老君宝扇一扇,收走了金钢琢,降服了青牛精(buffalo)。他是一个息事宁人,轻易不与人争斗的老好人。

[太白金星]

太白金星(Great White Plane)是天界一位颇有名气的星宿(constellation),法力广大,又比较和善。孙悟空闯地府(Nether World)、闹龙宫(dragon palace),玉皇大帝(the Jade Emperor)正要发兵征讨,太白金星替悟空说情,

建议封悟空为管理御马的弼马温(Protector of the Horses)。

孙悟空二返天宫时,又是金星出面为招安使,封悟空为齐天大圣(Monkey King),管理蟠桃园(peach garden)。后来,在唐僧师徒西天取经的路上,太白金星多次暗中帮助师徒四人战胜黄风怪(Yellow Wind Monster),是个和善的好老头。

[铁扇公主和牛魔王]

铁扇公主(Princess Iron Fan)又叫罗刹女(Raksasi),是女妖中十分厉害的一个,长得漂亮俊俏,与牛魔王(Bull Demon King)是夫妻。他们育有一子,叫红孩儿(Red Boy),外号圣婴大王(Boy Sage King)。

铁扇公主住在翠云山芭蕉洞(Plantain Cave),有一把十分厉害的芭蕉扇(plantain fan)。唐僧西天取经,被八百里火焰山(Fiery Mountains)挡住去路,只有借得芭蕉扇,扇灭火焰才能通过。

孙悟空向罗刹女借宝扇时,被罗刹女一扇扇到小须弥山(Little Mount Sumeru),谁知悟空因祸得福,向灵吉菩萨(Bodhisattva Lingji)借得定风珠(Wind-fixing Pill),再到芭蕉洞去借宝扇,后来悟空使计变成小虫儿钻进铁扇公主的肚子,迫使罗刹女借给他芭蕉扇。

[白骨精]

白骨精(White Bone Demon),又叫白骨夫人(Lady White Bone),是唐僧西天取经途中遇见的少有的女妖精(banshee),使用双剑(double swords),武艺出色,想吃唐僧肉,先变成十六七岁的漂亮少女(beautiful girl),再变成一个八十岁的老婆婆(old woman),后变成年迈力衰的老翁(old man),使出离间计(sowing dissension),使唐僧逼走孙悟空。

[金角银角大王]

金角大王(Gold Horn the senior demon king)和银角大王(Silver Horn the junior demon king)是平顶山莲花洞(Lotus Flower Cave)的两个妖怪。

金角大王原来是太上老君看金炉的童子(servant boy who looks after golden furnace),银角大王是看银炉的童子(servant who looks after silver furnace)。

菩萨为了试验唐僧西天取经的决心,向太上老君借来金、银角二童,变作妖怪磨砺唐僧取经的决心。

金、银角二大王使用的兵器都是一把七星宝剑(sword of seven stars),并且有红葫芦(red gourd)、玉净瓶(vase of mutton-fat jade)、芭蕉扇(plantain fan)、金绳子(golden cord)几件宝物,与孙悟空比武斗法,难分胜负。后来孙悟空开动脑筋,用计谋战胜金、银二怪,收缴了五件宝物(five treasures),连人带物返还给太上老君,战胜了西行路上的一劫。

【相关词汇】

阎王爷King of Hell

巨灵神Mighty Miracle God

哪吒三太子Prince Ne Zha

赤脚大仙Barefoot Immortal

二郎真君True Lord Erlangzhenjun

八卦炉Eight Trigrams Furnace

灵霄宝殿Hall of Miraculous Mist

四大天王Four Heavenly Kings

托塔李天王Heavenly King with a Pagoda in Hand 雷公the Thunder God

土地神Local God of the Land

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