八年级上册 第4单元《中华民族的抗日战争》学案(要点梳理+巩固练习+2013年中考题)

八上第四单元

?考纲要求

(1)简述九一八事变的史实，知道九一八事变后中国开始了局部抗战。

(2)了解西安事变的概况，认识西安事变和平解决的历史作用。

(3)简述七七事变的史实，知道中国全民族抗战从此开始。

(4)以侵华日军南京大屠杀等罪行为例，认识日本军国主义凶恶残暴的侵略本质。

(5)讲述中国军队血战台儿庄和百团大战等史实，体会中国军民在抗日战争中英勇顽强、不怕牺牲的精神。

(6)了解中国共产党第七次全国代表大会的主要内容。

(7)探讨抗日战争胜利的历史意义。

?知识清单

一、九一八事变

1、1931年9月18曰，日本制造“九一八”事变，侵略中国东北

2、蒋介石不抵抗

．．．政策 3、结果：东北三省全部沦陷。

4、▲意义：中国人民开始局部抗战。

5、东北人民的抗日斗争：抗日义勇军（东北人民自发）和抗日游击（杨靖宇为代表）

二、西安事变（“双十二事变”）

1、时间：1936年12月12曰

2、人物：张学良、杨虎城

3、目的：逼蒋抗日(“停止内战，联共抗日”)

4、结果：西安事变和平解决

．．形成。

．．．．。标志着国共两党第二次合作的初步

5、▲西安事变和平解决原因：①中日矛盾上升为中国社会的主要矛盾，需要团结一切可以联合的力量共同抗击日本侵略者。②根本原因：中国共产党从全民族的利益出发,主张和平解决。

5、▲意义：西安事变的和平解决,标志着十年内战基本结束,抗日民族统一战线初步形成。

6、评价张学良、杨虎城：他们为了国家和民族的利益敢于“兵谏”,具有正义感，是中华民族的民族英雄。（千古功臣，民族英雄）

三、卢沟桥事变（七七事变）

1、时间：1937年7月7日人物：第29军（佟麟阁、赵登禹）

2、▲影响：（日本全面侵华的开始）全国性的抗日战争爆发，中国开始

．．全面抗战。

3、工农红军改编为：八路军、新四军

4、▲国共第二次合作正式形成（即：抗日民族统一战线正式建立）。

四、南京大屠杀（1937年12月）

1、日军发动八一三事变，大举进攻上海，接着又向南京进犯。

2、1937年12月，日军攻陷南京，制造了震惊中外的南京大屠杀，屠杀中国人民30多万人。

3、启示：战争残酷，应反对战争，珍爱和平；牢记历史，勿忘国耻；警惕战争，争取和平。

五、中国军民抗日主要战役

1、背景：抗日胜利前夕地点：延安

2、中心任务：讨论夺取抗战胜利和胜利后中国将走什么道路的重要问题。

3、▲意义：为争取抗战的胜利和实现中国的光明前途准备了条件。

七、日本无条件投降

1、1945年8月，美国向日本广岛、长崎投下两枚原子弹

2、▲1945年8月15曰，日本宣布无条件投降，抗日战争结束。标志着抗日战争的最后胜利。

3、▲台湾光复：1895年，《马关条约》被占领，1945年8月，回归祖国。

4、★抗日战争胜利的意义：

①抗日战争的胜利是鸦片战争以来中国人民在反抗外来侵略中取得的第一次完全胜利；

②它洗刷了中国的民族耻辱，成为中华民族由衰败到振兴的转折点；

③为世界反法西斯战争的胜利和人类文明的进步作出了重大贡献。

5、★抗战胜利的原因：

①中国的抗战是正义的反侵略战争；

②抗日民族统一战线的建立，实行全民族抗战是根本保证：

③中共在统一战线中起了中流砥柱作用；④正面战场、敌后战场广大爱国将士的英勇作战；

⑤国际反法西斯力量和爱国华侨的积极支持。

单元小结：抗日民族统一战线形成的过程

强化训练

一、单项选择

【2013常州】1. 彭德怀在评价某次战役时指出：“在当时，只有抓住敌后的空虚，给以突然‘猛袭‘才能有力调动敌人，给予打击。……在敌后碉堡密布的情况下，组织这样统一有计划的‘破袭'是不易的。”这次战役是

A. 四渡赤水

B. 百团大战

C. 淮海战役

D. 抗美援朝

【2013常州】2. 在民族危亡的紧要关头，中华民族奋起反抗，创造了弱国打败帝国主义强国的奇迹。”这“奇迹”出现的根本原因是

A. 长征的胜利，红军成为一支不可战胜的力量

B. 西安事变发生后，中共提出和平解决的方针

C. 中共七大的召开，全党在组织上空前团结

D. 抗日战争中，中国人民团结一致全民族抗战

【2013河南】3．某知识竞赛的试题中出现了这样一组词语：“华清池、兵谏、联共抗日、和平解决”，由此判断，该题正确答案是

A．北伐战争 B．南昌起义 C．重庆谈判 D．西安事变

【2013河南】4．在人民群众中广为传唱的歌曲，反映的是一个时代的心声。20世纪三、四十

年代《义勇军进行曲》、《黄河大合唱》广为传唱，它们反映的时代心声是

A ．自强求富

B ．民主科学

C ．和平建国

D ．抗日救亡

5．右侧材料中“民族革命统一战线”的任务

是

A ．推翻清朝统治

B ．打倒北洋军阀

C ．抵抗日本侵略

D ．争取和平民主

6．二十世纪30年代以后，日本大量移民中国东北，与日本移民东北有关的历史事件是

A ．一·二八事变

B ．七·七事变

C ．南京大屠杀

D ．九一八事变

7．右图是号称“中国第一所流亡大学”——东北大学

迁徙路线图(局部)。东北大学迁入关内的原因是

A ．积极参加全国抗日救亡运动

B ．抗日民族统一战线政策的感召

C ．中国国内高等教育发展的需要

D ．九一八事变后东三省形势所迫

【2013德州】8．下列图片是抗日战争时期发生的战争，其中图片与意义对应正确的一项是

A ．图一是局部抗战的开始

B ．图二是抗战以来的第一次大捷

C ．图三是抗战以来国民党军队取得的重大胜利

D ．图四是抗战以来中国军队主动出击日军的最大规模战役

9．右图是2012年12月13日出现在网络上的一张图片。从图片所反映

的信息看，它应该是为纪念哪一历史事件多少周年而作的？

A ．九一八事变70周年

B ．八一三事变70周年

C ．卢沟桥事变75周年

D ．南京大屠杀75周年

10．今天的人们生活在“信息时代”，互联网成为人们学习生活的重

要内容。假如你在百度搜索引擎中输入“1940

年”、“彭德怀”、“交通破袭战”这三个关键词，

最有可能出现的历史事件是

A．卢沟桥抗战 B．平型关战役 C．百团大战 D．第五次反“围剿”

11．电视机《中国兄弟连》讲述道：国民党军队一个连去营救被日军围困的情报人员，与新四军的一支游击队在途中恰好相遇……两支“友军”在抗击日军的过程中联合杀敌成为生死兄弟。这种情况应该出现在下列哪一历史事件后？

A．柳条湖事件 B．九一八事变 C．八一三事变 D．七七事变

【2013娄底市】12．毛泽东在《论持久战》中写道：“每个月打得一个较大的胜仗，如平型关、台狼庄一类的，就能大大地沮丧敌人的精神，掀起我军的士气，号召世界的声援”。其中台儿庄战役的重大意义是

A．取得了抗战以来正面战场的最大胜利 B．成为抗日战争的转折点

C．取得了抗战以来主动抗击日军规模最大的胜利 D．实现了

抗日战争的胜利

【2013东营】13．右图是为警示国人“铭记历史”而作。下列各诗

句，能准确反映这一主题的是

A．月映华夏魂日照乾坤辉 B．月圆神州情勿忘国耻恨

C．同胞共圆月两岸一家亲 D．奋臂揽明月随手摘星辰

【2013重庆市B】14.右图是1936年12月13日《解放日报》的一篇

新闻报道示意图，从中可以获取的重要历史信息是(C)

A．日本策动九一八事变，东北三省沦陷

B．蒋介石命令张、杨对陕北红军发起进攻

C．张、杨逼蒋抗日，西安事变爆发

D．全民族抗日战争正式开始

【2012河南中考】15．这是一次明确规定毛泽东思想为中国共产党

的指导思想的大会，又是一次指明了抗战胜利后中国的光明前途的大会。

这次大会是

A．中国共产党第一次全国代表大会B．遵义会议

C．中国共产党第七次全国代表大会D．中国人民政治协商会议

16.下列战役，不是发生在国共两党第二次合作期间的是

A.台儿庄战役

B.百团大战

C.渡江战役

D.平型关大捷

17．“放手发动群众，壮大人民力量，在中国共产党的领导下，打败日本侵略者，解放全中国，建立一个新民主主义的中国”。这一政治路线是在哪一次会议上制定的？

A．中共一大 B．遵义会议

C．中共七大 D．十一届三中全会

18．“对于我们中国人来说，日本是我们最近的邻邦。一衣带水这个词几乎成了我们形容日本时必不可少的词汇。然而，在地球上现有国家中，日本却是离我们最远的一个国家。”以下史实与这一观点有关的是

①平型关大捷②台儿庄战役③百团大战④平津战役

A．①② B．①②③ C．②③④ D．①②③④

【2013年苏州市】19．对于现在的中日钓鱼岛争端，有专家评论说：“面对中国的崛起，日本的危机感剧增。日本想借钓鱼岛问题联合美国发动对中国的战争，以第三次打断中国的现代化进程。”这位专家眼中的日本“第一次和第二次打断中国的现代化进程”应该是指

①甲午中日战争②逼迫袁世凯签订“二十一条”③20世纪三四十年代的全面侵华战争

A．①③B．②③C．①②D．①②③

【2013菏泽】20．经过8年浴血奋战，中国人民终于取得了抗日战争的伟大胜利。其重大意义是

①近代史上第一次取得完全胜利的民族解放战争②洗雪了近代以来的民族耻辱，增强了民族自尊心③成为中华民族由衰败到重新振兴的转折点④标志着新民主主义革命的胜利，中国人民从此站起来了

A．①②③ B．①③④

C．①②④ D．①②③④

二、非选择题

21．近代以来，日本是侵略我国的主要国家，给中国人民带来了深重的灾难。请回答：

（1）钓鱼岛是台湾岛的附属岛屿，自古以来就是中国的领土。日本通过什么不平等条约割占了我国的钓鱼岛?(1分)

（2）20世纪30年代，日本挑起全面侵华战争的标志是什么？列举日本帝国主义在重庆大轰炸中最突出的事例，说明其在这场战争中对重庆人民犯下的滔天罪行。(3分)

（3）右图的漫画名为《我先把这字模糊了!》它讽刺了当前日本右翼势力

参拜靖国神社及日本首相安倍晋三宣扬“侵略”性质尚未定论的行为。请就漫

画中的现象谈谈你的看法。(2分)

22.（11分）中、日两国均为世界重要国家，中日关系对世界的和平与发

展影响重大。阅读材料，回答问题。

材料一

（1）以下表述是从材料一图片信息中得出的，请在答题卷相应的括号内划“√”；违背了以上图片信息所表达的意思，请在括号内划“×”；是以上图片信息没有涉及的，请在括号内划“○”。（4分）

①日本制造“九一八事变”，开始了局部侵华战争。（）

②西安事变的和平解决，促进了国共合作抗日局面的出现。（）

③卢沟桥的烽火，揭开了中华全民族伟大的抗日民族解放战争的序幕。（）

④日军最高司令官冈村宁次在南京向中国战区代表递交无条件投降书，标志第二次世界大战结束。（）

（2）硝烟散尽，回望历史，抗战精神永恒。你认为抗日战争留给我们的最宝贵的精神财富是什么？（1分）

材料二二战后，日本追随美国，中日关系呈敌对状态……1972年9月，日本内阁总理大臣田中角荣访问中国。中日两国政府在北京签署《联合声明》，宣布两国建立外交关系，实现中日邦交正常化。

——摘编自川教版《中国历史》八年级下册

材料三 2012年是中日邦交正常化40周年，中日两国也已经将今年定为中日国民交流友好年。但中日两国间的不和谐因素仍然存在：一是历史认知的问题（侵华战争），二是现实的领土争端（钓鱼岛、东海油气田）。中日之间现在真正的矛盾冲突，对于中日关系最致命的冲突，可能还不是历史认知的问题，而是现实的领土争端。

——摘自新华网

（3）材料二反映中日关系发生了怎样的变化？（2分）根据材料三，概括出影响当今中日关系发展的主要因素。（2分）

（4）综观上述材料和问题，你认为处理中日关系的正确态度是什么？（2分）

23.材料一：“麻雀叫，麻雀叫，日本人，真凶暴。夺我东三省，杀我们同胞。小朋友！大家起来闹，日本糖果我不吃，东洋玩具我不要。”

材料二：命令前线官兵坚决抵抗，卢沟桥即尔等之坟墓，应与桥共存亡，不得后退。

——第二十九军司令部命令

材料三：根据远东国际军事法庭调查报告：无辜的南京居民和放下武器的中国士兵，被集体杀害，总共有30多万人丧生。

（1）材料一叙述的“夺我东三省”局面发生在哪次事变后？（1分）面对日本帝国主义的侵略，蒋介石采取了什么政策？（1分）

（2）材料二反映的是哪一个历史事件？（1分）在民族危机空前严重的时刻，中国共产党提出了什么样的抗日主张？（1分）大敌当前，中国共产党奔赴抗日前线，写出抗日战争中中国军队主动出击日军最大规模的战役名称。（1分）

（3）材料三控诉的是日本法西斯制造的什么事件？（1分）

（4）结合材料三和所学知识，针对当今某些日本右翼势力企图抹杀这一人间惨剧真相的事实，我们该如何正确看待中日关系？（1分）

参考答案：

1-5.BDDDC 6-10.DDCDC 11-15.DABCC https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9a7686585.html,BAA

21.（1）《马关条约》

（2）标志：“七七事变”或“卢沟桥事变”。（1分）史实：“五三”“五四”大轰炸；结果：造成大量市民伤亡，房屋被毁，制造了当时世界轰炸史上的空前惨案。（其中史实1分结果1分）（3）日本右翼势力的行为是为侵略战争翻案、为军国主义招魂。（1分）历史不容篡改；维护世界反法西斯战争的胜利果实；以史为鉴、警惕日本军国主义复活；日本只有正视历史和深刻反省过去的侵略历史，才有可能开辟未来等。（每点1分，答出其中任意1点即可得1分；其他符合题意、言之成理的答案均可同等给分）

22.（11分）

（1）①√；②○；③√；④×。（各1分，共4分）

（2）精神财富：以爱国主义为核心的伟大的民族精神。（1分）

（3）变化：从敌对到建立外交关系。（2分）

主要因素：历史认知的问题（侵华战争）；（1分）现实的领土争端（钓鱼岛问题、东海油气田问题）。（1分）

（4）正确态度：以史为鉴，面向未来。（采意给分， 2分）

23．（1）九一八事变（1分）、不抵抗政策（1分）

（2）七七事变（卢沟桥事变）（1分）

主张建立抗日民族统一战线，实行全民族抗战（1分）

百团大战（1分）

（3）南京大屠杀（1分）

（4）表示强烈的愤慨和严正抗议；警惕日本军国主义复活；正视历史、以史为鉴；牢记历史，珍爱和平；面向未来、加强合作；谋求中日关系健康发展。（答出其中一点或符合题意即可）（1分）

人教版八年级下册英语 Unit2测试卷(精编Word版 带答案)

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