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在职研究生综合考试试题复习资料

在职研究生综合考试试题复习资料
在职研究生综合考试试题复习资料

中央党校函授学院二○○七级研究生综合考试复习题

一、涉及参考书

《西方经济学》谢鲁江主编

《西方管理理论的产生及发展》李兴山主编

《宏观经济管理通论》赵长茂主编

《现代管理学》

考试题型

(一)单项选择题(每个题中只有一个正确答案,请在答题上写明正确选项的题号,共100题,考试抽20题,每题1分,共20分)。

(二)辨析题(先回答对错,再说明理由,共40题,考试抽8题,每题8分)。

(三)论述题(共5题,考试抽1题,16分)。

全部复习内容共计145个题

一、单项选择题

1、在经济学中,稀缺是相对( A )而言的。

(A)人的需要的无限性(B)商品供不应求

(C)产品的短缺(D)资源枯竭

2、需求函救概念反映影响需求量的因素,它说明影响需求的因素是( A )。

(A)多种因素(B)单一因素

(C)价格(D)收入

3、边际效用指的是(C )

(A)消费全部商品所得到的整个效用(B)消费每个商品所得到的平均效用

(C)新增一个商品消费所得到的新增效用(D)消费商品所得到的满足程度4、利润最大化原则就是( B )

(A)总收益要尽可能大于总成本(B)边际收益等于边际成本

(C)生产函数等于成本函数(D)确立生产最佳阶段的原则

5、公开市场业务是( A )的业务

(A)政府在资本市场买卖政府债券(B)政府在市场公开买卖资产

(C)政府强制企业市场信息公开(D)政府抑制垄断、鼓励竞争

6、政府第二次调节属于( D )

(A)事后调节(B)事中调节

(C)事前调节(D)高层次调节

7、下列各等式哪个正确( A )

(A)社会总供给=国内生产总值+商品和劳务的进口-出口

(B)社会总供给=国民生产总值+商品和劳务的进口-出口

(C)社会总供给=国内生产总值+商品和劳务的出口-进口

(D)社会总供给=国民生产总值+商品和劳务的出口-进口

8、社会总供给及总需求体系中,以下说法中哪个不正确( A )

(A)当意愿总需求大于意愿总供给时,实际总需求等于意愿总需求

(B)当意愿总需求大于意愿总供给时,实际总需求等于意愿总供给

(C)实际总供给及实际总需求恒等(D)有效总供给及有效总需求恒等

9、人们一般把德国的市场经济模式称为( C )

(A)计划调节及市场调节相结合的模式(B)自由市场模式

(C)社会市场经济模式(D)政府监管模式

10、财政政策及货币政策相比,下面哪个说法不正确( B )

(A)资金使用效率较差

(B)对总需求的调节不如货币政策直接

(C)调节作用力度较大,不容易形成“微调”的效果

(D)灵活性较大

11、学习西方管理理论的主线是( C )

(A)激励理论(B)科学管理

(C)人性假设(D)权变理论

12、彼得·圣吉提出未来最成功的企业将是( C )

(A)事业部组织(B)网络组织

(C)学习型组织(D)公司制组织

13、法约尔认为,管理由( D )五个要素构成

(A)人力、物力、财力、信息、技术

(B)技术、商业、财务、安全、会计

(C)目标、决策、沟通、协调、文化

(D)计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制

14、管理过程理论各个代表人物对管理职能的划分有所不同,但对三项职能认识一致,它们是( A )

(A)计划、组织、控制(B)计划、指挥、人事

(C)计划、指挥、控制(D)计划、协调、控制

15、( B )强调定量分析、建立模型

(A)科学管理理论(B)管理科学理论

(C)目标管理理论(D)比较管理理论

16、下面哪一项不符合生产经营性企业特点( A )

(A)以销定产(B)以产定销

(C)用户至上(D)市场导向

17、下面哪个观点符合法约尔关于经营及管理的论述( C )

(A)经营及管理是同一概念(B)经营及管理是没有关系的两部分

(C)经营包括管理(D)管理包括经营

18、企业管理的三个维度指的是( A )

(A)环境管理、目标管理、人力资源管理

(B)人力管理、物力管理、财力管理

(C)生产管理、供应管理、营销管理

(D)战略管理、组织机构、企业文化

19、以下哪个战略是总体战略( D )

(A)投资战略(B)人事战略

(C)产品战略(D)攻势战略

20、企业在制定战略的过程中,必须对企业所处行业的体制进行详细的分析,在此基础上运用五种力量模型和四种通用战略来获取竞争的优势地位,是( A )的观点?

(A)设计学派(B)定位学派

(C)认识学派(D)结构学派

21、“经济人”概念是微观经学的基本前提,这一概念的涵义是( C )。

(A)供求双方的中介人;(B)指及人的政治性相比而言的经济性;

(C)追求自己利益最大化的理性人;(D)从事经济活动的人

22、边际效用递减规律反映的是( A )现象?

(A)对一种商品,消费者消费越多,满足程度越低;

(B)对一种商品,消费者消费越多,成本就越低;

(C)随着商品价值的变小,消费者从中得到的效用就会递减;

(D)如果强迫消费者改变其消费习惯,会使消费者满足程度降低

23、垄断竞争市场就是( B )的市场

(A)垄断压制了竞争的市场;(B)又有垄断又有竞争的市场;

(C)竞争打破了垄断的市场;(D)完全被一家垄断的市场

24、公共产品是指的( C )之类的产品

(A)免费供大家使用的产品;(B)公共场合使用的产品;

(C)由政府提供的产品;(D)企业和消费者共享的产品

25、下面,( B )不是政府货币政策所使用的手段

(A)公开市场业务;(B)转移支付;(C)再准备金率;(D)再贴现率

26、经济周期性波动一般都要经历高涨——下降——低潮——回升——高涨等几个阶段的循环,表现为( B )

(A)高涨、衰退、复苏、危机(B)危机、复苏、高涨、衰退

(C)衰退、复苏、高涨、危机(D)复苏、高涨、危机、衰退

27、根据亚当·斯密观点,政府做为“守存人”只管三件事,下面哪一个不符合亚当·斯密的观点。

(A)保护社会(B)保护个人财产

(C)建设和维护公共设施(D)干预市场

28、凭借一定的政治权力和生产资料所有权,参及和组织国民收入分配是政府的( C )

(A)重要经济行为(B)重要政治行为

(C)调控行为(D)重要的强制行为

29、宏观经济总量平衡是宏观经济平衡的( B )

(A)基础(B)前提(C)手段(D)结果

30、公开市场业务是指( C )

(A)商业银行的市场活动(B)工商银行买卖有价证券

(C)中央银行在公开市场买卖有价证券

(D)中央政府在公开市场买卖有价证券

31、彼得·圣吉提出来未来最成功的企业(C重复)

(A)事业部组织(B)网络组织

(C)学习型组织(D)公司制组织

32、西蒙认为,管理的核心是决策,决策的核心是( C )

(A)确定问题(B)方向正确

(C)方案选优(D)方案合理

33、管理过程理论主张,( C )建立管理理论体系。

(A)以目标为中心(B)以任务为中心

(C)以职能为中心(D)以人为中心

34、根据权变理论,外部环境变化快、内部各种产品之间工艺技术差别大的企业,其组织结构应采取( D )

(A)直线制(B)职能制

(C)矩阵制(D)事业部制

35、第五代管理理论是( D )

(A)萨维奇写的《第五代管理》(B)圣吉写的《第五项修炼》

(C)麦耶斯写的《知识管理及组织设计》

(D)泛指90年代以后产生的新的管理理论

36、下面哪种管理符合直线职能制特点( C )

(A)命令统一、决策迅速(B)按职能向下级下达命令、分工较细(C)集中命令、职能部门当好参谋(D)集中决策、分散经营

37、现代企业制度的基本内容由以下内容构成( D )

(A)产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学、

(B)自主经营、自负盈亏、科学决策、独立发展

(C)股东会、董事会、经理人、职工代表大会

(D)产权制度、组织制度、管理制度

38、从管理学的角度,劳动年龄内具有劳动能力的人口及劳动年龄外参加社会劳动的人口之和,称为( B )

(A)人力资本(B)人力资源(C)劳动力资源(D)人口资源

39、市场营销管理的4P理论把市场营销要素归纳为( A )

(A)产品、价格、分销、沟通(B)产品、价格、销售、服务

(C)仓储、运输、销售、服务(D)厂家、批发商、零售商、顾客

40、( C )属于公司层战略

(A)成本领先战略(B)差异化战略(C)重点集中战略(D)多元化战略41、供给量变化及供给变化,实际上说的( A )

(A)不是一回事(B)是一回事(C)不相干的事(D)消费者的事

42、短期生产丞救是指( C )

(A)考察较短期内生产情况的数量指标(B)一次生产过程的生产函数

(C)只有一次要素可变的生产函数(D)只考察劳动量变化的生产函数

43、帕累托最优是评价( A )的标准

(A)经济体制优劣和经济状态好坏(B)经济效益好坏

(C)宏观经济运行状态好坏(D)厂商均衡状态

44、充分就业指的是( C )的就业状况

(A)人人都能够就业(B)适龄劳动力都可以就业

(C)没有非自愿失业(D)政府对就业实施保障

45、流动偏好说明人们有着( A )偏好

(A)需求现金(B)迁徒流动(C)变换职业(D)要素流转

46、按通行的产业政策分类,交通运输属于( C )

(A)第一产业(B)第二产业(C)第三产业(D)都不属于

47、当社会总供给大于社会总需求,宏观经济运行就会出现( C )

(A)通货膨胀(B)货币贬值(C)通货紧缩(D)生产过程经济危机

48、我国某年投资率为50%,属于( C )

(A)低投资率水平(B)合理投资率水平(C)高投资率水平(D)无所谓高低

49、当一国发生需求拉上型通货膨胀时,政府不应该( A )

(A)减税(B)提高存款准备金(C)增加有效供给(D)引进外资

50、( B )将乘数概念引入财政政策研究,指出当投资增加时,会引起收入增加,而收入增加将是若干倍于投资量,这个倍数就是乘数。

(A)霍特里(B)凯恩斯(C)萨缪尔逊(D)弗里德曼

51、西蒙提出的管理原则是( B )

(A)最大化原则(B)令人满意原则

(C)经济合理原则(D)效率最高原则

52、巴纳德提出了( A )

(A)管理的系统观念(B)管理的人本观念

(C)管理的择优观念(D)管理的战略观念

53、被西方誉为“组织理论之父”的代表人物是( B )

(A)泰罗(B)法约尔(C)马克斯·韦伯(D)卢瑟·吉利特

54、管理过程理论主张( C ),建立管理理论体系

(A)以目标为中心(B)以任务为中心(C)以职能为中心(D)以人为中心

55、社会交往的需要在马斯洛需求层次理论中处于( B )

(A)第二层次(B)第三层次(C)第四层次(D)第五层次

56、以目标为中心,以整个系统为中心,以责任为中心,以人为中心是( D )的观点。

(A)行为科学(B)社会系统学派(C)管理过程学派(D)系统管理学派

57、战略管理理论形成于( C )

(A)十九世纪末(B)二十世纪二十年代

(C)二十世纪六十年代(D)二十世纪九十年代

58、下面哪个战略是分战略( A )

(A)市场战略(B)紧缩战略(C)守势战略(D)攻势战略

59、现代企业是指( C )

(A)业主制企业(B)合伙制企业(C)法人企业(D)私人企业

60、资源有限或刚进入某一个新领域的企业,适用于( C )

(A)无差异营销战略(B)差异性营销战略

(C)集中性营销战略(D)前向一体化战略

61、均衡价格指的是( D )的现象

(A)政府调控后的价格(B)消费者接受的价格

(C)生产者接受的价格(D)需求价格及供给价格一致时的价格

62、外部性指的是( B )的现象

(A)市场机制之外发生(B)市场之内发生但市场解决不了

(C)企业之外发生但对企业有影响(D)市场机制的外部环境

63、IS_LM模型的总均衡实现条件是( C )

(A)I=S (B)L=M (C)I=S和L=M (D)I=L和S=M

64、制度就是( C )

(A)强制性的法律法规(B)生产资料的所有权

(C)约束人们行为的规则(D)管理规章

65、交易费用(交易成本)是指( A )

(A)制度的运行费用(B)人们买东西所付出的费用

(C)人们为获取交易资格而付出的费用(D)政府征收的市场规费

66、在我国宏观经济计划体系中,五年计划属于( B )

(A)长期计划(B)中期计划(C)短期计划(D)超短期计划

67、以下哪种分配形式属于国民收入的再分配( D )

(A)劳动报酬(B)企业利润(C)间接税(D)所得税

68、由于正常劳动力流动而引起的失业称为( A )

(A)摩擦性失业(B)自愿性失业(C)结构性失业(D)隐蔽性失业

69、持续巨额国际收入顺差会( A )

(A)影响居民就业(B)抑制通货膨胀

(C)使本国货币趋软(D)减少国际经济摩擦

70、( D )指一个国家或地区在一定时期内,物质生产部门所创造的价值,即全部净产品的价值总和

(A)国民生产总值(B)国内生产总值(C)国民生产净值(D)国民收入

71、人是社会人是( B )指出的

(A)米德维尔钢铁厂实验(B)霍桑实验

(C)投射法实验(D)人性假设实验

72、根据权变理论,外部环境变化的快,内部各种产品之间工艺技术差别大的企业,其组织结构应采取( D )

(A)直线制(B)职能制(C)矩阵制(D)事业部制

73、组织的对内平衡和对外平衡是( A )提出来的。

(A)社会系统理论(B)权变理论

(C)管理过程理论(D)系统管理理

74、目标管理是由( A )提出来的

(A)经验主义理论(B)决策理论(C)管理科学理论(D)科学管理理论

以上两题答案在《西方管理理论》上查

75、企业再造的核心是( A )

(A)企业流动再造(B)企业领导班子的再造

(C)企业组织机构的再造(D)企业文化的再造

76、企业经营决策的一般程序是( C )

(A)确定目标----分析原因----拟定方案----评估论证----方案选优----实施

(B)提出问题----分析问题----拟定方案----评估论证----方案选优----实施

(C)提出问题----明确目标----拟定方案----评估论证----方案选优----实施

(D)确定目标----拟定方案----评估论证----方案选优----确定方案----

实施

77、产品寿命周期通常包括( C )

(A)研发期----投入期----生产期----销售期(B)投入期----试用期----改进期----使用期(C)投入期----成长期----成熟期----衰退期限(D)研发期----投入期----成长期----成熟期

78、在企业组织结构中,把既有按职能划分的垂直领导系统,又有按产品划分的横向领导系统结构,称为( D )

(A)直线型结构(B)分权制结构(C)事业部制结构(D)矩阵制结构

(4)矩阵制结构

79、私人拥有,不受法律保护,发明者个人保密手段加以维护称为( B )

(A)专利技术(B)专有技术(C)普通技术(D)独家技术

80、指出以下哪项不符合企业文化特征 ( A )

(A)无差异性(B)集合性(C)稳定性(D)可逆性

81、完全竞争市场就是( A )市场

(A)市场参及者都是价格接受者的市场(B)完全没有政府干预的市场(C)完全没有大垄断企业参及的市场(D)消费者主导的市场

82、市场失灵指的是( B )现象

(A)出现生产过剩危机(B)价格机制难以发挥作用

(C)企业之间发生冲突(D)市场信用体系崩溃

83、消费函数是凯恩斯首先提出的概念,他是为了说明( D )

(A)消费是消费者偏好的函数(B)消费是生活水平的函数

(C)消费是工资水平的函数(D)消费是国民收入的函数

84、下面( C )目标不包括在政策宏观调控的政策目标之中?

(A)充分就业(B)国民收支平衡(C)保护环境(D)价格稳定

85、下面各因素中,只有( C )不属于制度构成的范围内?

(A)正式约束(B)实施机制(C)技术规范(D)非正式约束

86、根据“菲利普斯曲线”,( B )。

(A)失业率上升,物价上涨(B)失业率下降,物价上涨

(C)供给增加,物价上涨(D)需求增加,物价上涨

87、以下产业布局原则,哪个表述不正确( C )

(A)分工协作原则(B)集中及分散原则

(C)均衡协调原则(D)可持续发展

88、( D )在预算支出科目中属于资本性支出。

(A)商品和劳务支出(B)利息支出(C)补贴(D)储备的购置

89、恶性通货膨胀指物价上涨率( B )

(A)每月10%以上(B)每月20%以上

(C)每月50%以上(D)每年50%以上

90、( B )是典型的政府主导型市场经济

(A)美国(B)日本(C)德国(D)中国

91、将管理分为计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制五项基本职能的是( B )

(A)泰罗(B)法约尔(C)布雷克(D)梅西

92、企业文化理论产生的直接原因是( D )

(A)美国及德国的比较(B)中国及日本的比较

(C)中国及美国的比较(D)美国及日本的比较

93、第五代管理理论是指( D )

(A)萨维奇写的《第五代管理》(B)圣吉写的《第五项修炼》

(C)麦耶斯写的《知识管理及组织设计》

(D)泛指90年代以后产生的新的管理理论

94、决策理论的核心是提出了( C )

(A)经济人(B)完全理性(C)有限理性(D)最优决策方法

95、下面哪个说法是错误的( C )

(A)权变理论以系统观点为依据(B)没有普遍适用的,最好的管理方法(C)权变理论的理论基础是X理论和Y理论(D)权变有规律可循

96、下面哪个战略是总体战略( D )

(A)产品战略(B)市场战略(C)投资战略(D)紧缩战略

97、营销组合“4P”是指( D )

(A)产品----包装----销售----服务(B)生产----销售----分配----消费

(C)生产----交换----分配----消费(D)产品----价格----销售渠道----促销

98、根据合理生产过程要求,( C)指企业在一定时期内,各生产的环节进度均匀,各工作地负荷充分并相对稳定,不出现时紧时松,前松后紧。

(A)连续性(B)比例性(C)节奏性(D)适应性

99、创新所遵守的一般性规律是( A )

(A)生产一代、储备一代、研制一代、构思一代

(B)储备一代、生产一代、研制一代、构思一代

(C)研制一代、生产一代、储备一代、构思一代

(D)构思一代、生产一代、储备一代、研制一代

100、企业发生危机时哪个策略不适用 ( B )

(A)危机中止战略(B)危机推延战略

(C)危机利用战略(D)危机分担战略

一、辨析题

1、需求曲线就是反映需求函数的曲线。

答:错。

需求曲线是显示价格及需求量关系的曲线,是指其他条件相同时,在每一价格水平上买主愿意购买的商品量的表或曲线。其中需求量是不能被观测的。

(注:上届有的学生答:需求曲线是表示商品需求量及价格之间函数关系的几何图形;而需求函数是指在一定时间段内某种商品的各种可能的需求量及决定这些需求量的因素之间的关系。)

2、财政政策就是政府积极扩大政府公共支出的政策。

答:错。

财政政策财:是指一国政府为实现一定的宏观经济目标而调整财政收支规模、收支平衡的指导原则及其相应的措施。

3、管理过程理论主张以目标为中心建立管理理论体系。

答:错。

管理过程学派的主要代表人物是美国管理学家哈罗德·孔茨,其管理过程理论主张以职能分析为中心建立管理理论体系。

4、根据权变理论,外部环境变化快,内部各种产品之间工艺技术差别大的企业,其组织结构应采取矩阵制。

答:错。

根据权变理论,外部环境变化快、内部各种产品之间工艺技术差别大的企业,其组织结构应采取事业部制。

5、在一定组织结构中,管理幅度和管理层次呈正比例关系。

答:错。

在一定的组织机构中,管理幅度及管理层次呈反比例关系,即管理幅度大,管理层次就少;管理幅度小,管理层次就多。

6、管理只具有自然属性而不具有社会属性。

答:错。

管理具有二重性,即指自然属性和社会属性。自然属性是指管理是任何社会劳动或社会化大生产的共同要求,它要从有效组织共同劳动和社会化大生产的规律出发来发挥职能、采取措施。这一点不以国家制度和阶级属性的不同而转移。社会属性是指管理既然是人类的一种社会活动,在阶级社会中,它又体现一定阶级的意志,并为一定阶级利益服务,因此,必然受一定的社会制度和阶级关系所制约。

7、企业集团及母子公司没有区别。

答:错。企业集团是法人联合体,而子公司不是独立法人,因此,二者是有区别的。

8、合伙企业是现代企业制度的一种形式。

答:错。现代企业是法人企业,合伙制企业是古典制度的一种形式。

9、完全竞争市场及不完全竞争市场是不同类型的市场。

答:对。

完全竞争市场:是指竞争不受任何阻碍和干扰,无论供给方还是需求方都只是单纯的价格接受者的市场结构、市场类型。完全竞争市场是市场约束力量最强的市场结构或市场类型,是经济学家比较推崇的一种市场结构。

不完全竞争市场:是指供给方或需求方在一定的程度上是价格制定者的市场结构、市场类型。

10、货币政策就是政府控制货币发行的政策。

答:错。

货币政策:是政府根据宏观经济目标,通过中央银行对货币供给和信用规模管理来调节信贷供给和利息率水平,以影响和调节宏观经济运行状况和水平的经济政策。

11、财产所有权获得的支配权是比较符合现代管理原则的。

答:错。

按法定程序获得支配权才是符合现代管理原则。财产所有权获得的支配权是古典企业的类型,不符合现代管理原则。

全国在职研究生考试英语二卷

二卷模拟答案 Section A Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. Discoveries in science and technology are thought by many to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents: Sir Isaac Newton noticed the falling apple in his garden and came forth with the gravitation law. This notion is obviously not true. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. In fact, he had experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation, as well as inventions, is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. Section B Directions:Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. 自然界开始了一次新的实验。人类不再只是能适应某一特定的环境,而是获得了能适应 任何环境的能力。他们分散到世界各地,在迁移中不断变化,直到成为在地球上分布最广的 物种。人类在身体和文化方面都适应于他们迁入的新环境。居住在赤道附近的人为了在强烈 日光下保护自己,渐渐地有了黑色皮肤。迁移到寒冷地带的人为了利用阳光合成维生素D, 渐渐地有了较为白皙的皮肤。住在寒冷而干燥地区的人们长得矮胖,以便保存热量;住在干 燥而炎热地区的人们长得高瘦,以便使热量容易散发。 答案: Section A 很多人认为科技发现是灵光一闪,或戏剧化事件的产物:艾萨克·牛顿爵士在花园中注意到了苹果落地,从而发现了万有引力定律。很显然,这一观点并不正确。弗莱明爵士并不如传闻所言那样,看到一片奶酪上的霉菌,在当时当地就想到(发明)了抗生素盘尼西林。事实上,他做了九年之久的抗细菌物质的实验,终于才有了他的发现。发现和革新总是来自于勤勉的“试误”实验。革新和发明就像是足球赛,即使是最好的选手也会射不进球,他们射门受阻的次数远远大于射门得分的次数。 Section B Nature began a new experiment. Instead of adapting to a specific environment, man has the capacity to adapt himself to any specific environment. They spread throughout the globe, changing as they moved, until they became the most widely distributed species on the earth. Man adapted physically as well as culturally to the new surroundings into which he moved. People who lived near equator developed dark skin to protect themselves from strong sunlight; people who moved to colder climates developed light skin to take advantage of the sunlight for the synthesis of vitamin D; people in cold dry climates became stocky to conserve heat. People in hot dry climates tended to become tall and thin to dissipate heat.

研究生英语考试试卷

General English Qualifying Test for Non-English Major Graduate Students 2008 (A 卷) ******************************考试注意事项*************************** 一.本考试由两部分组成:试卷一(Paper One)包括听力理解、词汇与结构、阅读理解三部分,共70题,按顺序统一编号;试卷二(Paper Two)包括改错、写作。 二.试卷一的答案请按要求在答题卡上填涂,否则无效。试卷二的改错、写作部分请直接在试卷二上答题. Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear: You will read: A. At the office. B. In the waiting room. C. At the airport. D. In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A. "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. 1. A. The weather has been warm lately. B. The furnace has broken down. C. The building’s heating system dries the air. D. The woman should put medicine on her lips. 2. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A refinished cellar. D. A new record. 3. A. They need to turn up ahead. B. She doesn’t know where State Street is. C. There was no left turn at the last intersection. D. The man missed the turn.

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题 Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A ( 0.5 point each) 16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people worldwide. A announced B forgiven C condemned D despised 17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollution as has been proved. A aspiration B inspiration C creativity D breathing 18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban’s military installations. A set about B set out C set apart D set aside 19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy. A businessman B commodity C substance D talent. 20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to the expectations of their parents. A encourage B survive C arouse D fulfill 21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region. A helpful B useless C harmless D inappropriate 22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying to find quick solutions. A unexpected B undesirable C comforting D grave 23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators. A without any objections B in the end C in the dark D against heavy odds. 24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field. A institutions B standard C prestige D application. 25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues. A exhausted B evaluated C deployed D popularized. Section B (0.5 point, each) 26. Harry Potter was originally _____for children or teenagers, yet many adults have come to be crazy about the book. A extended B intended C inclined D directed 27. This experienced author was able to ____the lifetime’s work of Jefferson into one volume. A suppress B compress C express D depress 28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can ____ hundreds of different smells. A nominate B dominate C eliminate D discriminate 29. The Chinese share the ____that their life will become better and the country more prosperous. A conviction B speculation C elaboration D perspiration 30. After weeks of _____, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreed on the question of sick benefits. A administration B arbitration C authorization D alternation 31. It took this disabled boy a long time to ___ the fact that he was not qualified for admission to college. A come up with B come down with C come up to D come to terms with 32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show ____. A clockwise B otherwise C elsewhere D likewise 33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian ____ A involvement B rebellion C casualties D anguish 34. After all, people across the Taiwan Straits are of the same race, so this island and the mainland are _______

2017年在职研究生考研英语二真题及答案解析

2017年在职研究生考研英语二真题及答案解析 考研教育英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one 4 by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives 5 ,people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for 7 Americans. Also,some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today,the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days,because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says,adding,“In a world in which I don’t have to work,I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.

2016年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题

2016年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题 PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A ( 1 point each) Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. 1. A. Beauty has advantages and disadvantages. B. Beauty has different meanings to different people. C. Beauty brings attention and opportunities. D. Beauty comes from action and good qualities. 2. A. She is using the book now. B. She may give him a hand. C. She cannot lend him the book. D. She will keep the book for him. 3. A. Rachel lives fairly close to her. B. Rachel visits her quite often. C. Rachel comes here once a month. D. Rachel rarely gets to see her. 4. A. She forgot about the time change. B. She didn’t receive the text message. C. Her roommate forgot to give her the message. D. Her roommate was too nervous to tell her. 5. A. He should have got better grades. B. The test was based on lecture material. C. She misplaced her textbook. D. Small luck plays a big role. 6. A. On the 16th of June. B. On the 18th of June. C. On the 9th of June. D. On the 8th of June. 7. A. Go to sleep. B. Watch the movie later.

研究生英语期末考试试卷

ad if 命 封 线 密

A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs -though some remain popular -increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world -including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV -is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows -the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s -studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is,how ants,bees or any social animal,including humans,behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome,Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani,a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology,described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance,by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store,forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes,also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information,and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.

2019年在职研究生英语统考作文模板和例文

2019年在职研究生英语统考作文必背模板 写作模板1. (单一话题议论文) 第一段概述(大约40字): When it comes to the topic of______(作文的话题及某种社会现象,一般是作文标题).Some people hold the idea that ______ (人们的看法,观点). As far as I’m concerned, I think______ (我的看法,观点). So I firmly support (object to) the______(观点). 第二段正文(大约70字): There are several reasons for this______(这种现象或某种观点), but in general, they come down to three major ones , which listed as follows. To start with _____(第一个原因) .That is to say_____ (扩展介绍).What's more _____ (带来的影响).Secondly, ______(第二个原因).Besides_____ (扩展介绍).As a result of_____(带来的影响). And finally_________(第三个原因或者影响).Even more_________(扩展介绍).Not only _________ but also _________ (带来的影响). Obviously, it is high time that we_________( 本段小结). 第三段总结(大约40字): To sum up, I insist that______ (我的看法,观点).It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to solve the problem. On one hand,________ (给出建议). And on the other hand,_______( 给出建议).I believe all these measures will certainly help to ______(改变某种现象,进一步完善). 写作模板2. (辩证对比话题) 第一段概述(大约40字): Nowadays, when it comes to the _______(作文的话题及某种社会现象,一般是作文标题), the answers may vary from person to person. Some people hold the idea that_______(第一种看法,观点),but others argue that_______(第二种看法,观点). As for as I’m concerned, both_______(上述观点一)and_______(上述观点二). I will_______(陈述我的观点)for the following reasons. 第二段正文:(大约70字): In my opinion, __________(第一种看法,观点)can bring____ to________ (优势或者劣势). For one thing________ (阐述理由一). And it is usually ____(阐述理由一).What's more _____ (阐述理由一). Despite many obvious advantages ofthe first opinion, we can still find the second one also has some advantages when compared with the first. First of all ______(阐述理由一). Because of_______(阐述理由二). Even more _____ (阐述理由三,及带来的后果及影响). 第三段总结(大约40字): From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion. It is undoubted that _______(第一种看法,观点)is as important as_______(第二种看法,观点). So as for me, I agree to take the middle road. They both should be play extremely important role in our modern society. Only in this way can we become_______(总结,展望,呼吁) 各种文体写作要求 1.议论文 1.1.写作技巧,布局结构。 第一段:开头句指出某种社会现象,扩展介绍,所产生的影响和后果,大约30-40字。 第二段:出现这种现象的原因和后果,大约50-60字。

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