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听力损失如何分级

听力损失如何分级
听力损失如何分级

?听力损失如何分级

?根据国际标准,听力损失程度分为以下几类:(分贝,即dB)

我国第二次残疾人抽样调查规定的听力残疾分级标准与1997-WHO推荐的听力障碍标准相接轨。依据听力损失程度不同,从结构、功能、活动和参与、环境和

支持四个方面,将听力残疾划分为四级:

听力残疾一级:听觉系统的结构和功能方面极重度损伤,较好耳平均听力损失在90 dB HL以上,在无助听设备帮助下,几乎听不到任何声音,不能依靠听觉进行言语交流,在理解和交流等活动上极度受限,在参与社会活动方面存在严

重障碍。

听力残疾二级:听觉系统的结构和功能重度损伤,较好耳平均听力损失在8 1~90 dB HL之间,在无助听设备帮助下,只能听到鞭炮声,敲鼓声或雷声,在理解和交流等活动上重度受限,在参与社会活动方面存在严重障碍。

听力残疾三级:听觉系统的结构和功能中重度损伤,较好耳平均听力损失在61~80 dB HL之间,在无助听设备帮助下,只能听到部分词语或简单句子,在理解和交流等活动上中度受限,在社会活动参与方面存在中度障碍。

听力残疾四级:听觉系统的结构和功能中度损伤,较好耳平均听力损失在4 1~60dB HL之间,在无助听设备帮助下,能听到言语声,但辨音不清,在理解和交流等活动上轻度受限,在参与社会活动方面存在轻度障碍。

?听力伤残分级

?级别听力伤残程度

一级双耳全聋,听力伤残值大于90dB.

二级一耳全聋,另一耳听力伤残值大于80dB。

三级双耳听力伤残值大于70dB。

四级单耳全聋或听力伤残值大于或等于50dB。

听力损失的分类

工作场所的噪声,遗传因素和一些疾病综合起来对不同的人产生不同类型的听力损失,听力损失可分为五种:

(1)传导性听力损失:它是由于外伤、或者声波由外耳经中耳传至内耳的传播途径上发生问题引起的,比如听骨、鼓膜。

(2)感音神经性听力损失:此类型存在内耳退化,这可能是由于正常老化的结果,或是由于药物中毒引起内耳到大脑皮层整个神经系统退化所造成。

(3)混合性听力损失:是前面两类型听力损失发病因素并存的结果。

(4)中枢性听力损失:该类耳聋表现为耳蜗核平面以上病损,听力图以低频损失为主,可以是自身免疫、遗传、外伤、桥脑小脑角区占位性病变等多种损及中枢听觉神经系统的病因(病变)所致。

(5)功能性听力损失:是指非器质病变引起听力下降,如精神病等。

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植物学 botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶 leaflet 小叶rosette(叶的)丛生 stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝 flower花bud 花蕾petal花 瓣peel / skin 果皮 shell(硬)果 壳 husk(干)果 壳/(玉米苞叶 trunk树干 bark树皮 branch树枝 bough大或者 粗的树枝 twig小树枝 jungle丛林 lawn草 meadow草地/ 牧场prairie大 草原mosses苔 藓shrub / bush灌木 cluster一簇 (灌木) fern蕨类植物 horsetails木 贼类植物 club mosses石 松类植物herb 草 photosynthesi s光合作用 chlorophyll 叶绿素 symbiosis共 生 symbiotic 共生 的 wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen花粉

pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue 组织organ器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交 root pressure 根压 bore腔/肠cohesion-tensi on凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren 贫瘠的;不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水 化合物(淀粉) glucose葡萄 糖starch淀粉 fat 脂肪 protein蛋白 质 vitamin 维他 命 malnourished 营养不良的 nutrition 营养 perennial 多年 一生的 annual一年一 生的 verdant 嫩绿 的,翠绿的 evergreen常 青树 conifer tree针 叶树 larch 落叶松 pine松树 spruce云杉 juniper 刺 柏;杜松 sequoia红杉 elm榆树 walnut核桃树 redwood红木 树 plum blossom 梅花 orchid兰花 chrysanthemu m 菊花 water lily荷花 /莲花 rhododendron 杜鹃花 carnation康 乃馨 jasmine茉莉

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封, package / parcel 包裹 overweight 超重extra postage 额外邮资express mail 快件 send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄/发信 airmail 航空信件 open an account 开一个账户 postman/mailman, delivery 邮递员 (三)图书馆场景: library card; borrow; lend; keep; renew; bookshel f; novel; science fiction科幻小说; magazine杂志; periodical期刊; reference book;资料书librarian 图书管理员 pay a fine 交罚款 Can I help you / What can I do for you (四)医院及健康场景: aspirin 阿司匹林 regular doctor 私人医生emergence department 急诊室 ICU (= intensive care unit)特护病房 treatment 治疗手段 medicine: pills / tablets药丸/药片 take one’s temperature / blood pressure 测量体温/血压 heart attack 心脏病cold / flu 流感:

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- The success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities,/ led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. / Between 1835 and 1865 about 25000 kilometers of track were built,/ and over 100 railway companies were created. / Railway travel transformed people's lives. / Trains were first designed to carry goods. / However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day / which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. / Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. / Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly. / The railways also provided thousands of new jobs:/ building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks. / Railways even changed the time. / The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished/ and clocks showed the same time all over the country. / United Nations Day (1999) The 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day. h is a day that belongs to everyone. And it is celebrated in most countries of the world. Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree. In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN. Some libraries exhibit children’s art works from around the world. Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries or give parties where foods of other countries are served. No matter how the day is celebrated, the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN, and the important roles it plays in world affairs. The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs. In this way, people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world. What We Know About Language (2000) Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. However, we now do know something about it. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. No human race anywhere on earth is so backward that it has no language of its own at all. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many peoples whose cultures are undeveloped but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. In all the languages existing in the world today, there are complexities that must have been developed for years. Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. And finally, we know that language changes over time, which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead. Characteristics of A Good Reader (2001) To improve your reading habits, you must understand the characteristics of a good reader.

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英语专业四级考试真题听写原文2005年 The Wrist Watch It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposes rather than for decoration. 2006年 The internet The internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications.Imagine a book that never rend, a library with milion floors,or imagine a research project with thousands of sientists working around the clock forever.This is the magic of the internet.

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