Suzhou英文介绍

Suzhou

Suzhou (Simplified Chinese: 苏州; Traditional Chinese: 蘇州; pinyin: Sūzhōu; ancient name: 吳) is a city with a long history on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Lake Taihu in the province of Jiangsu, China. The city is renowne d for its beautiful stone bridges, pagodas, and meticulously designed gardens, which has become a great tourist attraction. Suzhou has also been an important center for China's silk industry since the Song Dynasty (960-1279), and continues to hold that prominent position today. It is part of the Golden Triangle region. The GDP per capita was ￥66,826 (ca. US$7649) in 2004, ranked no. 5 among 659 Chinese cities.

History

Suzhou, the cradle of Wu culture, is one of the oldest towns in the Yangtze Basin. 2500 years ago, local tribes who named themselves "Gou Wu" in the late Shang Dynasty lived in the area which would become Suzhou.

In 514 BC, during the Spring and Autumn Period, King Helu (阖闾) of Wu established "Great City of Helu", the ancient name for Suzhou, as his capital. In 496 BC, Helu was buried in Huqiu (Tiger Hill 虎丘).

The Humble Administrator's Garden

In 473 BC, Wu was defeated by Yue, another kingdom to the east that was soon annexed by Chu in 306 BC. The golden era of Suzhou was over. Remnants of this culture include the remainders of the 2,500 year old wall and the gate through it at Pan Gate.

By the time of the Qin Dynasty, the city was known as Wu County. Xiang Yu (项羽) staged his historical uprising here in 209 BC, which contributed to the overthrow of Qin.

During the Sui Dynasty, the city was renamed Suzhou in 589 AD.

When the Grand Canal was completed, Suzhou found itself strategically located on a major trade route. In the course of the history of China, it has been a metropolis of industry and commerce in the south-eastern coast of China.

During the Tang Dynasty (825 AD), the great poet Bai Juyi (白居易) constructed the Shantang Canal (called "Shantang Jie" or 山塘街) to connect the city with Huqiu for the tourists. In 1035 AD, the temple of Confucius was founded by the great poet and writer Fan Zhongyan (范仲淹). It became the venue for imperial civil examinations.

In February 1130, the advancing Jin army from the north sacked and massacred the city. This was followed by the Mongol invasion (1275) and destruction of the royal city (in the centre of the

walled city) in the beginning of the Ming Dynasty (1367).

Thereafter, the city had a more prosperous time. Many of the famous private gardens were constructed by the gentry of the Ming and Qing dynasties. However, the city was to see another disaster in 1860 when Taiping soldiers advanced on and captured the city. In November 1863 the Ever Victorious Army of Charles Gordon recaptured the city from the Taiping forces.

The next crisis that met the city was the Japanese invasion (1937). Many gardens were devastated by the end of the war. In the early 1950s, restoration was done on Zhuo-Zheng Yuan (Humble Administrator's Garden), Dong Yuan (East Garden), and others, to bring them back to life.

In 1981, this ancient city was listed by the State Council as one of the four cities (the other three being Beijing, Hangzhou and Guilin) where the protection of historical and cultural heritage as well as natural scenery should be treated as a priority project. Since then, with suburban economic projects, Suzhou has developed into one of the most prosperous cities in China.

Classical gardens in Suzhou were added to the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1997 and 2000. It is possible to make a virtual tour at the UNESCO site in panographics through the wonderful Classical Gardens of Suzhou.

Transportation

Suzhou is conveniently located on the Jinghu Railway linking Shanghai and Nanjing, the provincial capital, to both of which there is hourly railway service. Suzhou Railway Station is among the busiest passenger stations in China, having 139 trains stopping daily. T-Trains only take 45 minutes to Shanghai and an hour and half to Nanjing. Driving options include the Jiangsu-Shanghai Expressway, the Yangtze Riverine Expressway, the Suzhou-Jiaxin-Hangzhou Expressway. In 2005, the new Suzhou Outer Ring was completed, linking the peripheral county-level cities of Taicang, Kunshan, and Changshu. By water, Suzhou is connected with Zhangjiagang, Luzhi, Liujia and Changshou.

Although Shuofang Airport and Guangfu United Airlines Airport serve as two municipal airports, and the State Council approved of the construction of an airport exclusively serving Suzhou in 2003, air transportation from Suzhou continues to be located at Shanghai's Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport. It is a great place to go.

Notable people from Suzhou

Statesmen:

Fan Zhongyan (范仲淹)

Yen Chia-kan (嚴家淦)

Poets:

Fan Chengda (范成大) (1126-1193 AD)

The Suzhou Ten

Playwrights:

Feng Menglong (冯梦龙) (1574-1645 AD)

Painters:

Tang Yin (唐寅)

Wen Zhengming (文徵明)

Wen Zhenheng (文震亨) (1585-1645 AD)

Physicists:

Tsung-Dao Lee李政道

Chien-Shiung Wu (吳健雄)

Others: Gu Yanwu (顾炎武), Zhang Taiyan (章太炎)

Huston Smith

I. M. Pei, architect

Quotes

"A very great and noble city... It has 1600 stone bridges under which a galley may pass." - Marco Polo

"Capital of Silk", "Land of Abundance", "Gusu city", "Oriental Venice", "Venice of the East", "Cradle of the Wu Culture", and "World of Gardens" - nicknames of Suzhou

上有天堂下有蘇杭"In heaven, there is paradise. On earth, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou." - Chinese saying

"Born in Suzhou, live in Hangzhou, eat in Guangzhou, and die in Liuzhou." - Chinese saying.

This saying is also heard as "Marry in Suzhou..." because it is said that Suzhou is the birthplace and home of the most beautiful people in China.

美不美太湖水親不親故郷人"Beautiful or not beautiful, nothing is more beautiful than the waters of Taihu. Related or not related, we are all the people of the same village." - Chinese saying

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历史上盛称为“六朝胜地、十代都会”至今在南京的地下及地上尚留存着无数的文物及遗迹，是南京历史文化积淀中的重要特色与优势。南京市博物馆收藏的六朝文物举世闻名。 孙中山先生曾有名言概括南京之美：“此地有高山，有平原，有深水，在世界三大城市中亦诚难觅此佳境”。位于城东紫金山麓的中山陵、明孝陵，掩映在绿色葱葱的紫金山中，布局宏伟。太平天国遗址，殿阙巍峨。数十处南朝陵墓刻，硕大洗练，堪称一代巨制，国之瑰宝。栖霞寺内舍利塔，造型雄健，比例匀称，装饰华丽，是我国现存石塔中不可多得的佳品。总统府、雨花台烈士陵园、侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆、梅园新村纪念馆、渡江胜利纪念碑是我国过民主革命的历史见证。玄武湖，三面环水，一面临城，秀峰塔影，碧波荡漾，堪称“金陵明珠”。莫愁湖，蕴含动人凄丽的传说，湖光倩影，花团锦簇，典雅、幽秀而豁达奔放。

长城英文简介

The Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century bce;[2] these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall.[3] Especially famous is the wall built 220–206 bce by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty. Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor. The Great Wall stretches from Dandong in the east, to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi).[4] This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall, 359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers.[4] Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi).

桨声灯影里的秦淮河论文

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介绍长城的高中英语作文

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秦淮河导游词

夫子庙水上旅游路线及景点导游词各位贵宾、各位朋友： 你们好！我是导游xxx，首先热忱欢迎各位的光临，希望在以下一个小时的时间里共度快乐时光。首先给大家介绍我们南京的母亲河—秦淮河。 秦淮河是长江的一条支流，全长约110公里，是南京地区的主要河道古名----淮水，本名“龙藏浦”。相传秦始皇东巡时，望金陵上空紫气升腾，以为王气，于是凿方山，断长垅为渎，入于江，后人误认为此水是秦时所开，所以称为“秦淮”。但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外“秦淮”。内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的“十里秦淮”了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对“十里秦淮”有过生动的描写。 今天就让我们一起畅游“十里秦淮“最繁华、最精彩、最有韵味的一段。 现在我们来到了东水关遗址，这儿是我们此次内秦淮河水上游的起点，也是南京明城墙中至今尚存的唯一一座水关，旧称上水门。始建于五代杨吴时期，后经历代修建，形成了一座高3层的拱券式水关。其中上层和中层为藏兵洞，每层各有11个券洞；下层调水闸则位于水中，也有11个券洞。这33个券洞比世界上保存最完好的古城堡——中华门城堡还要多6个，可见其规模之大。而这里也是内秦淮河的起点，自古十里秦淮的繁华盛景便是自东水关而始。平江桥,白鹭桥,文德桥,来燕桥,武定桥,朱雀桥,镇淮桥(中华门处)直止西水关。 在我们南京有多处以“关”为名的地名，如东水关、西水关、上关、下关等。这里的“关”，是指海关的“关”，是旧时进城贸易交纳税收的地方。一般来说，在“关”口，都有“宣课司”、“分司”等官方机构负责收税事宜）现结合古涵闸、藏兵洞、船闸等历史遗存，建成东水关公园对市民免费开放。 现在请大家跟我一起踏上秦淮画舫的甲板，开始今天的秦淮河泛舟之旅。 在我们船的左侧有一座古色古香的建筑，上面匾额名曰“秦淮水亭”，其实它就是吴敬梓故居：在我国清代中叶，有一位著名的讽刺小说家，他曾经多次参加清代的科考，终因名落孙山，看透世态炎凉，积十年之功夫写成了我国著名的讽刺小说《儒林外史》。他就是可与著名的法国作家巴尔扎克、西班牙的塞万提斯，俄国的果戈里相提并论的讽刺大师吴敬梓。吴敬梓1701-1754），字敏轩，号粒民，安徽全椒人。因家有“文木山房”，所以晚年自称“文木老人”，又因自家乡安徽全椒移至江苏南京秦淮河畔，故又称“秦淮寓客”。 我们的船继续前行，在我们的右侧有一处著名的景点，大家请看石牌坊上的字—古桃叶渡。桃叶渡为南京古名胜之一、金陵48景之列。清人张通之在《金陵四十八景题泳》“桃叶临渡”一景中写道：“桃 根桃叶皆王妾，此渡名惟桃叶留，同是偏房犹侧重，秦臣无怪一穰侯。”诗文道出了桃叶、桃根姊妹俩，同为东晋大书法家王献之的小妾；因王献之当年曾在此迎接过爱妾桃叶，古渡口由此得名。王献之当年曾作《桃叶歌》曰：“桃叶复桃叶，渡江不用楫；但渡无所苦，我自迎接汝。”从此渡口名声大噪。这首载之《古今乐寻》中之诗，颇昵而佻，为乐府吴声流韵，至南朝陈时犹“盛歌”之。《桃叶歌》一直保存在明乐的乐曲之中，至今日本的明清乐中还有这首歌曲。“桃叶临渡”遂成千古佳胜和久传不衰的风流佳话 现在我们的船来到了一个岔路口，这里竖立着一尊雕像，大家猜猜他是谁？他就是唐代大诗人李白。那李白将我们要指引到哪里去呢？从这里转进去，我们就仿佛来到了另一个世外桃源，请看上面的横额—白鹭洲公园。白鹭洲公园，历史上称为徐太傅园、徐中山园、东园，是明初中山王徐达王府的东花园。解放前夕，已沦为一片废墟。1951年结合秦淮河整治，

中国石油三基工作简介

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十二属相 中国民间有一个传统习俗，人一出生，就有一种动物做他的属相。属相，也叫“生肖”，是中国民间传统的纪年和计算年龄的方法。 中国古代的纪年法是帝王年号与“干支”并用，其中“干支纪年法”从史书上有明文记载的公元前841年（庚申年），一直沿用到现在。“干”是“天干”，有十个字组成，这十个字是：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸。“支”是“地支”，由十二个字组成，这十二个字是：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。把天干的十个字和地支的十二个字按顺序配合起来，可以得到60种排列，如：甲子、乙丑、丙寅……这60种排列周而复始，循环使用，每六十年叫做“一个甲子”。如公历的2001年，是农历的辛巳年，公历的2002年，是农历的壬午年；而六十年后，2061年又是辛巳年，2062年又是壬午年。从东汉（25——220）时开始，人们又用鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪12种动物来配十二地支，组成了十二生肖，也叫十二属相。这就是子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。这样，子年是鼠年，丑年是牛年，寅年是虎年……于是，每个人一出生，就有一种动物作他的属相。子年出生的属鼠，丑年出生的属牛，寅年出生的属虎，以此类推。 现在，中国人在用公历纪年和计算年龄的同时，仍然习惯用属相纪年和推算年龄。

twelve symbolic animals it is traditional in China,when a perpon is born,one animal(shuxiang)is used to symbolize this year.Shuxiang,also called shengxiao(any ofthe12animals representing the Earthly Branches),is a traditional way in China to number the years and to record a person's age. The ancient Chinese people invented the method to designate the years by the Heavenly Stems consist of the characters:jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,and gui.And the Earthly Branches are composed of12 characters:zi,shu,yin,mao,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9a9505922.html,bining each of the 10Heavenly Stems with one of the12Earthly Branches in sequence creates60 chronological symbols.For example jiazi,yichou,bingyin,etc.These60symbols are used in circles and thus each year has a chronological symbol.For example,2001 corresponds to xinsi,2002to renwu in the lunar calendar;after60years,2061,once again,corresponds to xinsi,and2062,to https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9a9505922.html,ter,people used12animalsto correspond to the12Earthly Branches,forming the12Symbolic Animals,namely Earthly Branch One Rat,Earthly Branch Two Ox,Earthly Branch Three Tiger,Earthly Branch Four Rabbit,Earthly Branch Five Dragon,Earthly Branch Six Snake,Earthly Branch Seven Horse,Earthly Branch Eight Sheep,Earthly Branch Nine Monkey,Earthly Branch Ten Rooster,Earthly Branch Eleven Dog,Earthly Branch Twelve Pig.Thus the zi year is the Year of the Rat,and the chou Year is the year of the Ox,and the yin Year is the Year of the Year of Tiger,etc.Therefore,when a person is born,he has an animal as his aymbolic animal.The year2002was a renwu year under lunar calendar,also the year of Horse,and so children born in this yea are all Horse babies. Even though the Chinese people now number the years and their age under the Gregorian calendar,the still continue to use the symbolic animals.As long as people know a person'probable age and his symbolic animao,people can infer his exact age and year of birth.

南京之秦淮介绍

一、十里秦淮 二、秦淮河概述 秦淮河是南京第一大河，秦淮河分内河和外河，内河在南京城中，是十里秦淮最繁华之地。秦淮河全长约110公里，流域面积达2600多平方公里，被称为“南京的母亲河”，历史上极富胜名，她是古城金陵的起源，又是南京文化的摇篮。远在石器时代，流域内就有人类活动。从东水关至西水关的沿河两岸，东吴以来一直是繁华的商业区的聚居地，六朝鼎盛。隋唐以后，渐趋衰落，却引来无数文人骚客来此凭吊，到了宋代逐渐复苏为江南文化中心。明清两代，是十里秦淮的鼎盛时期。金粉楼台，鳞次栉比,画舫凌波,这里素为“六朝烟月之区，金粉荟萃之所”，更兼十代繁华之地，浆声灯影构成一幅如梦如幻的美景奇观。 三、旅游区景点风光介绍 作为六朝古都的南京，看惯了历史兴衰，朝代更迭，无数风流人物，秦淮河更是那繁华都市的缩影,主要有瞻园、明远楼、夫子庙、乌衣巷、媚香楼、中华门等著名景点。

四、瞻园 瞻园是南京现存历史最久的一座园林，至今已有600年历史，是朱元璋为中山王徐达建造的。清初，乾隆皇帝南巡，两度到此游览，并亲笔题写了“瞻园”匾额。太平天国时曾为东王杨秀清和夏宫丞相赖汉英的王府花园。瞻园是江南名园，布局典雅精致，小巧玲珑，曲折幽深。瞻园素以假山著称，园中有三座各具风姿的假山，为明代遗物。 五、明远楼 明远楼高三层，为四方形，飞檐出甍，四面皆窗，是用以监视应试士子入贡院考试情况的栋宇。明远楼为江南贡院的中心建筑，虽距今已有460多年历史，但仍保存完好，它是我国目前所保留的最古老的一座贡院考场建筑。“明远”二字，取自于《大学》中“慎终追远，明德归厚矣”的含意。此楼高三层，底层四面为门，楼上两层四面皆窗，站在楼上可以一览贡院 六、夫子庙 夫子庙是孔庙的俗称，始建于宋景佑元年，由东晋学宫扩建而成，位于秦淮河北岸贡院街旁。夫子庙建筑群主要由孔庙、学宫、江南贡

长城的英文介绍

Introduction of Great Wall The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal (1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon (2), is one of the great wonders of the world. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces——Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu and two autonomous regions——Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together. Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC——1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368——1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as