语法复习：句子结构及句型 主谓一致

英语复习专辑（6）—句子结构及句型+主谓一致

句子结构及句型

一、句子和句子成分的定义

句子是由单词(短语)按照一定的语法规则组合在一起，能表达一个完整意思的语言单位。组成句子的各个部分称为句子成分。英语句子成分主要有：主语、谓语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语和状语等。

1. 主语

表示句子描述的是“谁”(人)或“什么”(事物)，是谓语的陈述对象，通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。(主语是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。)

eg: The moon moves around the earth. 月亮围绕地球转。

She is a clever girl. 她是一个聪明的女孩儿。

Swimming is a good exercise. 游泳是一项好的运动。

To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事，做又是另外一回事。2. 谓语

说明主语的动作或者状态，一般在主语的后面。由动词或者动词短语担当。

eg: I like studying English. 我喜欢学英语。

Chinese is a kind of great language! 汉语是一种伟大的语言！

3. 宾语

是动作的承受者，表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象，或者用于介词后构成介词短语，通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。

eg: We love our country! 我们热爱我们的祖国！

Her mother likes her very much! 她妈妈非常喜欢她！

在英语中，有些及物动词，如give, pass, send, bring, tell, teach, show等+ sb. sth.可以有两个宾语：一个指人，一个指物。这样宾语就包括直接宾语(表示动作的承受者，多为物)和间接宾语(表示动作是针对谁或为谁而做，多为人)。我们把“直接宾语+间接宾语”叫做“双宾语”。

eg: He gave me a book. 他给我一本书。(me是间接宾语；book是直接宾语)

4. 补足语

是补充说明主语或者宾语用的，通常由名词、形容词、代词、动词(原形)、分词等担当。

宾语和宾语补足语之间一般存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

eg: We elected him monitor. 我们选他当班长。(monitor作him的宾语补足语)

He was elected monitor. 他被选为班长。 (monitor作he的主语补足语)

5. 表语

用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态或者身份，常与系动词一起，通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或者从句担当。

eg: We are Chinese. 我们是中国人。

The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣。

6. 定语

用来修饰或者限定名词及代词，起修饰或限制作用。经常由代词、形容词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或者从句等担当。翻译成汉语时一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。

eg: This is a difficult problem. 这是一个很难的问题。

I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多家庭作业要写。

7. 状语

是修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子用的，通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或者从句等担当。翻译成汉语时一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。

eg: He can speak English fluently. 他能很流利地说英语。

二、简单句的五种基本句型

巩固练习

Ⅰ划出下列句子的句子成分

1. My father bought a new bike for me last week.

2. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

3. He began to learn English when he was eleven.

4. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.

5. On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

6. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

7. She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

8. He asked her to take the boy out of school.

9. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

10. How many new words did you learn last class?

11. The leaves have turned yellow.

12. Soon They all became interested in the subject.

13. She was the first to learn about it.

14. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

15. The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

三、英语句型的分类

(一) 英语句子按照用途(交际功能)分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

巩固练习

Ⅱ将下列句子接上反意疑问句

1. She goes to school on foot every day, ______________?

2. He is working in the field, ____________?

3. They didn’t go to the cinema yesterday, ____________?

4. Tommy will drive his car to Beijing, ____________?

5. Kate hasn’t bought the new skirt, ___________?

6. My pencil isn’t as long as yours, ___________?

7. Your father stayed at home last Sunday, _____________?

8. There is a monkey in the tree, ____________?

Ⅲ单项选择

1. The TV is too loud. Please________.

A. turn it down

B. to turn it down

C. turn down it

D. to turn down it

2. _______ late again, Bill!

A. Don't to be

B. Don't be

C. Not be

D. Be not

3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.

A. Not

B. Won't

C. Doesn't

D. Don't

4. Please help me carry it, ______?

A. will I

B. will you

C. shall I

D. shall we

5. Don't make so much noise, ______?

A. will you

B. won't you

C. shall we

D. do you

6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?

A. stand

B. to stand

C. standing

D. stood

7. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.

A. bring

B. brings

C. to bring

D. bringing

8. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.

A. Telling

B. To tell

C. Told

D. Tell

9. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.

A. name

B. named

C. naming

D. to name

10. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health?

A. swim

B. swimming

C. swam

D. swims

Ⅳ用What或How来补全以下的感叹句

1. ______ a pretty girl she is!

2. ________ quickly the boy is running!

3. ______ kind teachers they are!

4. ________ clever the baby is!

5. ______ I miss my hometown (家乡)!

Ⅴ句型转换

1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）

_____ _____ again more slowly, please.

2. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为同义句）

_____ _____ me, or I’ll go.

3. Let's watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）

Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?

4. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）

_____ _____careless, please.

5. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）

_____ _____ next to Nancy.

6. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）

Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?

7. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）

_____ _____, or you'll die.

8. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）

Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?

9. 这是一个坏了的被子。（翻译句子）

This is a ______ ______.

10. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。（翻译句子）

Let’s go and help the _____ _____, please.

参考答案 1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBB

11. Read it 12. Listen to 13. shall we 14. Don’t be 15. Don’t sit

16. will you 17. Don’t move 18. will / won’t you 19. broken glass / cup 20. crying girl

(二) 英语中按句子的结构可将句子分为三种：

1. 简单句

只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

eg: He often reads English in the morning. 他经常在早上读英语。

Tom and Mike are American boys. 汤姆和迈克是美国男孩儿。

He dances and sings. 他又唱又跳。

2. 并列句

由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

eg: You help me and I help you. 你帮我，我帮你。

You are a student; she is a teacher. 你是学生，她是老师。

3. 复合句

含有一个或一个以上的从句的句子。复合句又叫主从复合句，只有在复合句中才有主句、从句之分。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在。而从句是一个句子成分，不能独立存在，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样，所不同之处在于从句必须由一个关联词

引导。

eg: The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Summer Palace.

这些外国游客在颐和园的时候拍了很多照片。

The office where he is working is upstairs. 他工作的办公室在楼上。

在复合句中从句不能单独成句，从句在复合句中可起主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语

和状语的作用，从句在全句中起什么作用，就叫什么从句。

主句就是整个句子的主干部分，从句是修饰主句的。从句是相对于主句而言的，即它从

属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大类从句，即名词性从句(包

括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)，形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式、比较等状语从句)。

巩固练习

Ⅵ从方框中所给的并列词中，选出正确的一个，完成句子

1. Open the door_________ let the cool air in.

2. There are few new words in the article, _________we couldn’t understand it.

3. I like beef, __________my father doesn’t like it.

4. We finished the homework quickly _______ it was very easy.

5. Be more careful, _______ you’ll have an accident.

6. It’s raining very hard, ________ we’d better stay here.

7. Claire wanted to buy a car, _______ he didn’t have enough money.

8. He’s always very careful, ______ he never makes any mistakes.

9. Take a raincoat with you, ________ you’ll get wet.

10. He kept on working outside, _________ it was colder and colder.

Keys: 1. and 2. but 3. but 4. because 5. or 6. so 7. but 8. so 9. or 10. though

Ⅶ根据汉语提示，将句子所缺部分写完整，每空一词

1. _______ _______is your teacher? I don’t know. (多高)

2. _______ _______ is the picture on the wall? It’s red. （什么颜色）

3. _______ _______ do you get up every day? At 6:30. （几点）

4. _______ _______ books do you have? Fifteen.（多少）

5. _______ _______are you in? I’m in Class 3, Grade 8. （几班）

6. _______ _______dose she take a shower? Twice a week. （多久一次）

7. _______ _______will you stay here? For seven days. （多长时间）

8. _______ _______is the T-shirt? It’s 50 yuan. （多少钱）

Ⅷ根据A句的意思,向A 句的划线部分提问，完成B 句

1. A: She often goes to work by bike every day.

B: _______ _______ she often _______ to work every day?

2. A: The blue T-shirt is Bill’s.

B: _______ _______ the blue T-shirt?

3. A: My father will go to Kunming next week.

B: _______ _______ your father goes to Kunming?

4. A: His brother is about five years old.

B: _______ _______ is his brother?

5. A: They went to the park yesterday afternoon.

B: _______ _______ they _______ yesterday afternoon?

主谓一致

主谓一致指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一

致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。

一、语法一致原则

指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 eg: He often helps me learn English. 他经常帮助我学习英语。

My friends often help me learn English. 我的朋友们经常帮助我学习英语。

但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题不只是上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待：

1. 人称代词作主语时

人称代词作主语时，we，you，they后面用are，were，do，did，have，had等动词形式。I 后面则跟am，was，have，had等。he，she则跟第三人称单数，即is，was，has，had 等动词形式。it用法与he，she相似。

eg: She is a good teacher. 她是一位好老师。

We are going to climb mountains this weekend. 这个周末我们打算去爬山。

2. 不定代词作主语

someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，anyone，anybody，anything，nobody，no one， nothing，each， one，the other，another等不定代词作主语或是either，neither，every等不定代词修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。但none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要取决于说话人的看法。

eg: Someone is asking to see you. 有人找你。

Nobody is to blame for it. 这谁也不怨。

Neither of my sisters likes sports . 我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。

Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book.

每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣。

3. 名词作主语

(1) 主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致，即主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。

eg: The water in the glass is very cold. 玻璃杯里的水很凉。

(2) 集体名词(如family，class，team，group，army，police，school等)作句子主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示其中的所有成员时，谓语动词则用复数形式。

eg: Class Three is a very good class. 三班是个好班。

Class Three are from different countries. 三班的学生来自不同的国家。

4. 含有修饰语的名词作主语

(1) 含有量词的名词作主语

一些由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数，如trousers(裤子)，pants(短裤)，glasses(眼镜)，scissors(剪刀)等作主语，前面若无a pair of, a suit of, a set of, a series of 等单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用复数。若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。含有像pile(堆)，kind(种)，mountain(山)，row(排)，mass(很多)，cup(杯)，basket(篮)，box(箱)，pack(包)，packet(小包)等词修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定。

eg: My blue trousers have worn out. 我的蓝裤子应穿破了。

A row of willows is lined on one side of the river. 河的一岸长着一排柳树。

A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant. 这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。

(2) a group of 和 a couple of 修饰名词复数，谓语动词用复数。

eg: A group of children are dancing to welcome Children's Day. 一群孩子在跳舞迎接儿童节。

(3) a number of 意为“许多”，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数；the number of 意为“......的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

eg: A number of the other plants were found in America. 在美洲还发现了许多别的作物。

The number of students is 2,000. 学生的数量是2,000.

(4) 只修饰可数名词的量词several, a few, many, quite a few, a great many (of ...)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词都用复数形式。

eg: Several of us are determined to remain in the city after graduation.

我们中的一些人决定在毕业后留在城市。

Both of us are fond of watching football games. 我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。

(5) some, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, any of, half of, none of, the rest of, all of等词既可修饰或指代可数名词，又可修饰或指代不可数名词，其谓语的单复数形式应根据所修饰的名词及其单复数而定。

eg: A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 很多学生要来参加这次会议。

There was plenty of rain last year. 去年雨水很多。

(6) a great / good deal of, a little, quite a little, a large amount of，much等修饰不可数名词的量词作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，其谓语动词只用单数形式。

eg: A large amount of medicine is needed in the area. 这一地区需要大量的药品。

(7) 当“分数/百分数 + of + 名词”结构等作主语时，一般应根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。

eg: Nearly 20% of the students were absent that day. 那天大约20%的学生缺席。

5. 非谓语形式与从句作主语

单个的非谓语形式或从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。

eg: Whether we'll finish it on time depends on the weather.

我们是否将准时完成任务取决于天气。

二、意义一致原则

指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词也应用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词应用单数形式。

eg: Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。

The police are looking for the missing boy. 警察正在寻找那个失踪的男孩。1. 并列结构作主语

(1) 两个单数主语用and连接，表示两个不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数；但如果两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则谓语动词须用单数。

eg: Both my sister and I are interested in listening to music. 我和妹妹都喜欢听音乐。

Bread and butter is healthy food. 带黄油的面包是一种有益于健康的食物。

(2) 非谓语形式与从句作主语

如果多个非谓语动词或从句连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。

eg: To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。 To work and to live are always together. 工作和生活永远相伴。

2. 形容词的名词化作主语

有些形容词加上the (如the old，the blind，the living，the dead，the rich，the

poor，the young， the deaf等)，用来表示一类人时，其意义为复数，谓语动词需用复数形式。表示一类物或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。

eg: The beautiful goes with the true and the good. 美总是和真、善相伴而生。

The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。

3. 形式为复数，但意义为单数的名词作主语

(1) 以-ics结尾的表示学科名词的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

eg: Physics is one of the hardest subjects for a middle school student.

物理是中学生感到最难的科目之一。

(2) 有些专有名词如国名、人名、书名、组织机构等作主语时，形式上虽然是复数，但谓语动词还是要用单数。

eg: Arabian Nights is a good book. 《天方夜谭》是一本好书。

(3) 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。

eg: Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。

Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.

二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。

(4) 有些以sh, ese, ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数。

eg: The English like to be with their families at Christmas. 英国人喜欢在圣诞节与家人团聚。

4. 含有修饰语的名词作主语

(1) “more than one + 名词单数”尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词时单数形式，谓语动词也须用单数。在“more + 名词复数 + than one”结构之后，谓语动词常用复数。

eg: More than one student was praised. 不止一个学生受到表扬。

= More students than one were praised.

(2) “many a + 名词单数”作主语，尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语动词也须用单数。

eg: Many a young man has tried and failed. 许多年轻人都试过，而且失败了。

5. 当主语后面接由but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including, more than, no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通

常由前面的词来决定。

eg: The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.

老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。

The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.

学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊.

*在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语。我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里是状语: The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.

三、就近一致原则

指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。

1. 两个名词或代词由连词or, either… or …, neither… nor … , not only… but also …等连接作主语时，谓语常与其最邻近的主语单复数保持一致。

eg: Not you but I am to blame for the mistake. 不是你而是我该为此错误受到责备。 Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.

要么是我, 要么是他们对那件事的结局负责任。

Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事。

2. 句子是由there，here引起且主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。

eg: There is a lake and some hills around it. 那里被一个湖泊和几座小山环绕着。

四、肯定与否定要一致

下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。

We've had some (money).→ We haven't had _____________ (money).

I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to _____________.

They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.

He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived _____________.

Li is coming, too.→ Li isn't coming, _____________.

Both of us are going.→Neither of us are going.

He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.

☆注意：so / neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。

My wife likes classic music very much and so do I.

She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.

巩固练习

Ⅸ单项选择

1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.

A. were

B. is

C. was

D. are

2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.

A. isn’t

B. is

C. aren’t

D. are

3. — How many lessons do you usually have a day?

— Six lessons a day. And each of them _____45 minutes.

A. last

B. lasts

C. have

D. are

4. Neither Li Ping nor I _______a basketball player.

A. am

B. is

C. be

D. are

5. There ______ many new words in Lesson One, but it is very easy.

A. is

B. aren’t

C. isn’t

D. are

6. The number of the students in our school ____1200.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

7. Maths _______ my favourite subject.

A. be

B. is

C. am

D. are

8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.

A. were sleeping

B. is sleeping

C. was sleeping

D. are sleeping

9. Everyone except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.

A. are

B. is

C. were

D. was

10. That place is not interesting at all. ____of us wants to go there.

A. Neither

B. Both

C. All

D. Some

11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.

A. know

B. knows

C. have know

D. is

12. — What’s on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it?

— There _____some eggs and cakes on it.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

13. This pair of glasses ______mine.

A. are

B. be

C. is

D. will be

14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday.

A. invited

B. was invited

C. had invited

D. were invited

15. — Two months ______quite a long time.

— Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

16. If Bob's wife doesn't agree to go on a holiday in winter, __________.

A. neither he will

B. neither won't he

C. neither will he

D. he won't neither

17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, and his family ______a happy one.

A. are, is

B. is, is

C. are, are

D. is, are

18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing.

A. has

B. have

C. are

D. is

19. I haven't finished my homework yet. ____________.

A. so has he

B. Neither he has

C. He has too

D. He hasn't either

20. All but one _____ here just now.

A. is

B. was

C. has been

D. were

初中英语中主谓一致详解

主谓一致详解 【基础知识】 主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配： 语法一致原则(grammatical concord) 意义一致原则(notional concord) 就近原则(principle of proximity) （一）语法一致原则 用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如： This table is a genuine antique. Both parties have their own advantages. Her job has something to do with computers. She wants to go home. They are divorcing each other. Mary was watching herself in the mirror. The bird built a nest. Susan comes home every week-end. （二）意义一致原则 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如： Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy. A barracks was attacked by the guerilla. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. The United States is a developed country. It is the remains of a ruined palace. The archives was lost.

初中英语语法主谓一致

初中英语语法主谓一致 LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020

I．单数主语： 1．当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。 ● Someone has told me about it. ● Neither of us likes the film. 2．当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。（必记之要点！） ● Each girl and boy has a . ● Every man and woman is welcome. 3．位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. （这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。） ● The teacher along with his students is going to the party. ● His parents as well as his elder si ster have come to see him. II．复数主语： 1．当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。 ● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.

英语语法主谓一致

蚄主谓一致 蚈1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 肈2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 螃（1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 螃I often help him and he often helps me. 聿（2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 薆The police are searching the woods for the murderer. （3） （4）蒂就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 蕿并列主语的谓语一致 1. 2.芆And 羄（1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。 芁Tom and Jack are close friends. （2） （3）虿两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。 蚇The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. （4） （5）蒁被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。 肀every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 蝿Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. （6） （7）肈一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 膃Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。

高中英语语法(主谓一致练习题)

1. 2. 2010届高一上期末综合练习之 主谓一致练习 Neither he nor I ___ for the pla n. A. were B. is C are My family as well as I __ glad to see you. D. am A. was B. is C. are D. am My father, together with some of his old frien ds, __ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been bee n 4. 3. D. have 5. 6. 7. 8. There are two roads and either ___ t o the stati on. A. is lead ing B. are lead ing Nine plus three ___ twelve. A. are mak ing B. is mak ing Twenty miles __ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is Very few ___ his address in the tow n. A. has known B. are knowing Whe n and where this took place _ A. has B. is C. were C. lead D. leads C. make D. makes C. are D. were 9. C. know still unknown. D. ar D. knows I know that all ___ gett ing on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the no vel __ very in terest ing. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ___ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one coun tryside in our school. A. was B. were 13. More tha n one an swer __ t o the questi on. A. had give n B. were give n bee n give n of the stude nts who from the C. is D. are C. has bee n give n D. have 14. The stude nts in our school each __ an En glish dict ionary. A. are hav ing B. had C. has 15. The pair of shoes __ worn out. A. had bee n B. have bee n C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer __ prese nt at the meeti ng. A. had bee n B. were 17. Those who __ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy liki ng 18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seem ing to be to be 19. Over 80 perce nt of the populatio n _ workers. A. will be B. are C. is 20. The whole class __ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had 21. The woun ded __ good care of here now. A. is tak ing B. are tak ing taken 22. Deer __ faster tha n dogs. A. will run B. are running 23. The police ___ a pris oner. A. are searched for B. is searchi ng searchi ng for 24. It was reported that six A. had killed killed ,in clud ing a boy. B. was killi ng C. is C. likes C. seem to be C. were C. are being take n C. runs D. have D. was D. are D. seems D. was D. was D. is D. run C. are search ing for C. were killed D. is D. was

l主谓一致讲解最全面主谓一致讲解

主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉

初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致

初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致 语法归纳总结 一. 词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1. 名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 例：boy, morning, bag, home, class, orange. 2. 代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。 例：who, she, you, it . 3. 形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。 例：good, right, white . 4. 数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。 例：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5. 动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。 例：am, is,are,have,see . 6. 副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。 例：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7. 冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。 例：a, an, the. 8. 介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 例in, on, from, above, behind. 9. 连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。 例and, but, before . 10. 感叹词(interj..)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

例：oh, well, hi, hello. 二. 句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1. 主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 例：I’m Miss Green.我是格林小姐。 2. 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 例：Jack cleans the room every day. 杰克每天打扫房间。 3. 表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担 任。 例：My name is Ping ping. 我的名字叫萍萍。 4. 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 例：He can spell the word. 他能拼这个词。 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语 一般放在直接宾语的前面。 例：He wrote me a letter. 他给我写了一封信。 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。 例：He wrote a letter to me. 他给我写了一封信。 5. 定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。 例：Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。 6. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。 例：He works hard. 他工作努力。 7. 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

高中英语语法名词和主谓一致【55题】

名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have

高中英语语法知识点 主谓一致

考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
1

Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
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英语语法主谓一致

英语语法主谓一致 指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题，可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。根据这些原则，总结如下： 一.谓语动词用单数 (1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数动词。 例如：To work hard is necessary.努力工作是必要的。 Reading without comprehension is no good.只读不理解是不好的。 It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。 (2)事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品的名称(专有名词)用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The United States was formed in 1776.美国于1776年成立。 The New York Times still has a wide circulation.纽约时报发行量仍然很大。 Roots is a novel about a black family.《根》是一部关于(美国)黑人家庭的小说。 (3)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。 例如：Two weeks was too long.两周太长了。 Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是个小数目。 Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。 One and a half bananas is left on the table.一只半香蕉留在桌子上。 4)表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.语言学是人类语言中的一个分枝。(5)有些名词形式是复数，意义为单数，作主语时，要求单数动词。 例如：The chaos was stopped by the police.混乱被警察阻止了。 The news is a great encouragement to us.这新闻对我们来说是一个很大的鼓舞。 Her present whereabouts is still unknown.她目前的行踪仍然不明。 (6)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟as well as (以及)，no less than (不少于……，多达)，rather than(而不是)，more than(不止是，超过)，but(除了)，except(除……外)，besides( 加之，还有)，with(和……一起，和……一块儿)，along with(跟……一起)，accompanied by ( 由……陪同)，combined with(加上)，in addition to(除……以外)，including(包括)，together with(与……一起)等，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 (7)某些不定代词，如：either,neither,each,one,other,another,anybody,anyone, anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 等，当他们作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例如：Each of the boys has an apple.每个孩子都有苹果。 Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用电话。 Everything around us is matter.我们周围一切都是物质。 但是口语中当either或neither后+of+复数名词(或代词)作定语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。例如：Is (Are)either of the boys ready?两个男孩都准备好了吗? Neither of the novels is (are)interesting.哪一本小说都没意思。 (8)集合名词作主语表示整体概念时，动词用单数谓语形式。 例如：The government is made up of senior members of the four main right wing parties. 这届政府由四个主要右翼党的高级官员组成。 His family is not very large.他的家庭并不太大。 The staff of our school is opposed to the drastic changes in the system of education.

高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解

高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解 本文主要讲解主谓一致，并列结构作主语时谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致 等常见考点。 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如： Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。

英语语法主谓一致整理

主谓一致 主谓一致（Subject-Verb Concord）即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致，语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致，就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 表里不一 主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象 1,"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如： More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花. 2,"many a +名词"作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数.例如：Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树. 3,"half of ,the rest of ,most of ,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如： Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖. 4,all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数.例如： "All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了，一切进展顺利 5,what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定：表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数.例如： What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书. 6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each ,every ,no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.例如： No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔. 7,当主语后面有as well as ,with ,along with ,together with ,but ,like ,rather than ,except，逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如： My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过. 8,each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关.例如：They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车. 9,动词不定式，动词-ing形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如： Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯. 10,the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如：The following are good examples下面是一些好例子. 11,以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics ,physics ,mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news ,works ,plastics等同属此类.例如：

(完整版)主谓一致讲解教案

主谓一致讲解教案 一、授课时间：2012年1月4日 二、授课内容：语法点主谓一致讲解 三、授课重难点： 1、授课重点：主谓一致三原则：语法一致；意义一致;就近一致原则 2、授课难点：主谓一致常考题型 四：授课过程 Step I 课程引入 由三个例句导入主谓一致的概念 1.I am a student. 2.They are students. 3.She is a teacher. 我们可以看出主语不同，谓语动词的形式就不同 主谓一致：谓语动词的人称和数随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化。 Step II 讲述 一、主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致；意义一致;就近一致原则 分别对每个原则中的每一项进行讲解，并且举出例句，和学生互动。 1.语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

英语语法主谓一致

主谓一致 1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 （1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 I often help him and he often helps me. （2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 The police are searching the woods for the murderer. （3）就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 并列主语的谓语一致 1.And （1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。 Tom and Jack are close friends. （2）两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. （3）被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。 every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. （4）一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。 Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying. （5）由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数 What he says and does do not agree.（言行不一致） What he says and does does not concern me. 2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。 Either Tom or I is going there. 3、“with/along with/together with/as well as/as much as/expect/besides/including/rather than/but/等+名词”结构时，谓语单复数不受这些词影响。 You father as well as you is very kind to me, 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.集合名词 （1）表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数形式；强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。 如：family，company, committee, government, nation,