高考英语考点汇总_(含历年各地考题解析)
高考英语考点汇总(含历年各地考题解析)
But在高考中的四个考点解析
一、直接考查连词but在语境中的用法即要求考生根据试题的语境（看其是否有转折意味）来确定连词
but的正确使用。这类考题通常会将连词but与连词and，so，or等结合起来考查。同学们做题时要注意
比较，尤其要注意比较各个连词填入句子后，比较句意的逻辑性和通畅性。如：
1. You have failed two tests. You'd better start working harder，_________ you won't pass the course.
A. and
B. so
C. but
D. or
「解析」D.or的意思是"否则""要不然"，只有此词填入空格，句意最通顺。
2. They wanted to charge $5，000 for the car，_________ we managed to bring the price down.
A. but
B. so
C. when
D. since
「解析」A.前后两分句之间是转折关系，故用but.
3. -Somebody wants you on the telephone. -_________ no one knows I'm here.
A. For
B. And
C. But
D. So
「解析」C."有人打电话来找我"与"没有人知道我在这里"是转折关系，故填but.
二、利用but的转折语境考查其他知识点即根据题干中连词but的转折性语境来确定相关知识点的选择
。此时尤其要注意前后相关信息的对比、对照或互为相反义。如：
1. He has made a lot of films，but _________ good ones.
A. any
B. some
C. few
D. many
「解析」C.由于句中用了转折连词but，所以要填few与前面的many相对比。
2. It's hard for him playing against me. I've got nothing to play for，but for him，he needs to win so
_________.
A. far
B. well
C. little
D. badly
「解析」D.句中的badly不是表示"糟糕地"，而是表示"很""非常"，这样用的badly主要与表示"想要"或"
需要"的词语或短语（如want，need，be in need of等）连用。如：Our school is badly in need of
English teacher. 我们学校急需英语教师。/ He wants to buy a new car badly. 他很想买辆新车。
3. I told your friend how to get to the hotel，but perhaps I _________ have driven her there.
A. could
B. must
C. might
D. should
「解析」D.比较："could+have+过去分词"的意思是"本来可以""本来应该""本来能够"；
"must+have+过
去分词"的意思是"一定已经"；"might+have+过去分词"的意思是"本来可以""本来可能"；"should+have+过
去分词"的意思是"本来应该".根据句意，显然只有D最佳。
三、考查but的相关结构或句式如考查not…but…，not only…but （also）…等句式的搭配和运用。如：
1. Between the two generations，it is often not their age，_________ their education that causes
misunderstanding.
A. like
B. as
C. or
D. but
「解析」D.题目考查not…but…的用法，其意为"不是……而是……".全句意为：两代人之间引起的误
解往往不是他们的（不同）年龄，而是他们所受的（不同）教育。
2. Reality is not the way you wish things to be，nor the way they appear to be，_________ the way
they actually are.
A. as
B. or
C. but
D. and
「解析」C.此题也是考查not…but…结构。全句意为：现实不是你想象出来的事物的状态，也不是事
物表象给人的感觉，而是其本来的样子。
四、考查连词but与定语从句的相互干扰大家知道，在含有定语从句的复合句中，我们是不能在主句与
从句之间使用并列连词的。但是，命题者有时却会利用连词but与定语从句的相互干扰性来考查考生的辨
别能力。如：
1. I don't mind her criticizing me，but _________ is how she does it that I object to.
A. it
B. that
C. this
D. which
「解析」A.此题考查it is……that…这一强调句句型。句意为：我不介意她批评我，我反对的是她批评
我的方式。由于句中使用了并列连词but，所以绝对不能选D.
2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday，but _________ didn't help.
A. it
B. she
C. which
D. he
「解析」A.用it代替前面整句话的内容。但若去掉but，则选which.
Break常见短语及考点解析
1. The computer system _____suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. （2006年
辽宁卷）
A. broke down
B. broke out
C. broke up
D. broke in
解析：A由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示"坏了"，因此应填broke down.
2. To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it _____ into parts. （2005年湖北卷）
A. down
B. up
C. off
D. out
解析：A break……down在此意为"将……分解"，符合语境逻辑。
3. I was still sleeping when the fire _____ ，and then it spread quickly. （2006年广东卷）
A. broke out
B. put out
C. came out
D. got out
解析：A由the fire与spread之间的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示"（火灾）发生"，因此应填broke out.以
上三题都是考查break短语的用法，本文在此对其做一归纳。
1. break down
（1）破坏，毁掉；Who broke down the doors of our classroom？谁把我们教室的门打坏了？
（2）破除；The old rules must be broken down. 这些陈旧的规章制度必须废除。
（3）制服；The police tried to break down the prisoners' opposition.警方设法制服囚犯的反抗。
（4）坍塌，坏掉；Because of explosion the bridge broke down last night. 由于爆炸，昨夜这座桥倒
塌了。
（5）（计划等）失败，破裂；Your plan has broken down. What a pity！你的计划失败了，真遗憾！
Why did the peace talks break down？为什么和谈失败了？
（6）（健康、精神）崩溃；After a long time of hard work，he almost broke down. 长时间艰苦劳动之
后，他的身体几乎垮了。
（7）分解This matter will break down in water. 这种物质在水中会分解。
2. break up
（1）解散，驱散。如：The police broke up the crowd （the meeting）。警察驱散了人群（集会）。
（2）（学校等）放假。如：When do you break up for Christmas？你们什么时候放圣诞节假？
（3）结束，破裂。如：The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样要过去了。
Their marriage is breaking up. 他们的婚姻濒临破裂。
（4）击碎，撞碎。如：The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞毁了。
Let's break up the whole into parts. 让我们化整为零。
（5）绝交。如：She's just broken up with her boy-friend. 她刚与男朋友绝交。
3. break in破门而入，打断Last night a thief broke in and stole away his camera. 昨夜一个小偷闯了进来
，偷走了他的相机。
He broke in with some ideas of his own.他插了话，说了说自己的一些看法。
4.break into破门而入，突然……起来They broke into the prison and set free all the prisoners. 他们冲进
监狱，释放了所有的囚犯。
Hearing the sad news，the old woman broke into tears. 听到这个悲哀的消息，这位老年妇女突然哭了
起来。
5. break out战争爆发，争吵爆发,（火灾）发生When did the war break out？这场战争是什么时候爆发
的？
I have heard that a quarrel broke out between them. 我听说他们之间爆发了争吵。
More than one hundred fires broke out in our city last year. 去年我市发生了一百多起火灾。
6. break away from打破陈规；奋力挣脱；放弃习惯You must break away from these old customs. 你们
必须破除这些旧风俗。
The dog broke away from its owner and ran away. 狗挣脱了主人，跑了。
You'd better break away from the habit of smoking. 你最好改掉吸烟的习惯。
7. break through 出现，突破It was a cloudy day，but the sun at last broke through.原本是个阴天，不过
太阳最后还是出来了。
Our soldiers successfully broke through the enemy's defences. 我们的战士成功地突破了敌军的防线。
8. break into pieces破成碎片The mirror fell to the ground and broke into pieces. 镜子掉到地上摔成了碎
片。
9. break one's word/promise食言，说话不算数I believe in him，because he never breaks his word /
promise. 我信任他，因为他从来不食言。
10. break the law/rule违反法律/规章制度Nobody can break the rules of our company. 没有人能违背我
们公司的规章制度。
11. break forth突然发出，爆发，迸发，发作The crowd broke forth in cheers. 欢呼声从人群中迸发出来
。
12. break in two使破成两半When I hit the ball，my bat broke in two. 击球时我的球拍断成两截。
13. break the record打破纪录This athlete has just broken the world record in men's high jump. 这名运动
员刚刚打破了男子跳高世界纪录。
14. break one's heart使某人心碎，使某人悲痛欲绝To tell you the truth，the bad news broke my heart
at that time. 说实话，那时这个坏消息使我悲痛万分。
Take高考常考短语及考点解析
一、短语归纳
1. take after 长相或举止像（某个长辈）（不用进行时）
Mary really takes after her mother；she has the same eyes，nose and hair. 玛丽真像她妈妈，眼睛、鼻
子和头发都一个样。
2. take apart把（小型机器、钟表等）拆开；拆散；（在体育运动或比赛中）把……彻底打败；对……
苛求；严厉批评Take the watch apart and see if you can see what‘s wrong with it. 把手表拆开来看看你能
不能检查出什么毛病。
England was really taken apart by Italy in last night‘s match. 在昨晚的比赛中，英格兰队可谓给意大利队打
得溃不成军了。
3. take as 看作，认为（=regard / consider / look on / treat ……as）
I took your nod as a sign of approval. 我把你的点头看作是同意的表示了。
4. take away 拿走；使停学，使离开；使消失；减去The child was taken away（辍学）from school. Now
I‘ll give you some tablets to take away（使消失）the pain.
Take away（减去）2 from 4 and you get 2.
take away from 贬低（有益或令人满意之事物）的作用His refusal to accept the prize does not take away
from his success in winning it. 他拒绝领奖无损于他赢得此奖的斐然成绩。
5. take back承认说错了（话），收回（诺言、话语）；使回忆起；送回，还回去；退
（货）
I‘m sorry I was rude；I take back everything I said. 对不起我失礼了，我承认我所说的全都错了。
Seeing that old film really took me back！观看那部旧电影的确使我回想起了过去的岁月。6. take down拿下，取下；记下来；褪下（裤子等穿于腰以下的衣物）；把（大型机器或大物件）拆成
零部件；把……拆卸开（tear down 推倒；拆毁pull down 拆毁）
When the picture was taken down，the wall looked very bare. 把那幅画取下来后墙壁就显得毫无装饰了
。
We‘ll have to take the engine down to get to the gearbox. 我们得先拆卸发动机，才能接触到变速箱。
7. take in接待（某人）留宿；欺瞒，欺骗；充分理解，掌握；把（衣服）改窄（let out加宽，放长，
加大）；包含，包括He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他没有地方可睡，我们于是
就提出让他留宿。
Don‘t be taken in by his promises. 不要被他的许诺所蒙骗！
It took me a long time to take in what you were saying. 我费了好长时间才弄明白你所说的话。My dress is a bit loose round the waist—could you take it in for me？我衣服的腰围有点宽松，你能给我
改窄一些吗？
This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everything in. 这是度假的全部费用，一切都包括在内。
8. take off脱下，脱去（尤指衣服）；解（拿）掉（put on 穿上）；（飞机等）升空，起飞；休假；
歇（……天）假；请假；开始有成就；开始受欢迎；开始成名；打折扣；（尤指为了逗笑而）模仿
（某人）的谈吐、举止等I‘m taking Thursday off because I’m moving into a new house. 我星期四休假，
因为我要搬家。
It was at this point that her acting career really took off. 正是从这个时候起，她的表演生涯真正开始走红了
。
His shopkeeper took off 5 percent discount for each. 他的店员把每样东西都打折了5%. The
everyone laugh by taking off the members of the royal family. 这个演员模仿某些王室成员，结果逗引得人
人发笑。
9. take on开始雇用；开始具有/ 呈现（某种品质、面貌等）；露出；接受（工作等）；承担（责任
等）；开始和……争吵（斗殴、作对、较量等）
We‘ve decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts department. 我们已决定在会计部雇用一名新职员。
His face took on a worried expression. 他的脸上露出了担忧的表情。
My doctor says I‘m too tired and has advised me not to take any more work on. 医生说我疲劳过度，劝我
不要再干更多的工作。
The trade union made the mistake of trying to take on the government. 工会犯了试图和政府抗争的错误。
The bus took on more passengers. 公共汽车搭载更多乘客了。
10. take out带（某人）去（某处参加社交活动等）；正式取得，领得，获得；洗去（污迹），使褪色I
‘m taking the children out to the theatre tonight. 今晚我带孩子们去看戏。
Mary and John took out a marriage license. 玛丽和约翰正式领了结婚证。
He took out the pencil marks from his drawing. 他擦去了他的画上的铅笔迹。
11. take over接手，接任；接管
Who do you think will take over now that the governor has been dismissed？州长已被免职，你看会由谁
来接任呢？
12. take to （尤指立刻）对……产生好感，喜欢上；染上……习惯（嗜好等）；到（某处）休息；到
……躲藏；逃往I took to Paul as soon as we met. 我一见到保罗就对他有好感。
All this gloomy news is enough to make you take to drink. 所有这些令人沮丧的消息都足以使人酗起酒来
。
Father‘s ill，so he’s taken to his bed. 爸爸病了，因此卧床休息了。
13. take up开始花时间从事（某项活动）；对……产生兴趣；开始学习（某课程），选修；（事物或
事件）占用了（时间或空间）；接受……的建议；继续John took up acting while he was at
翰在上大学时开始喜欢上演戏了。
The job took up most of Sunday. 这项工作占用了大半个星期天。
Why don‘t you take him up on his offer of a meal？你为什么不接受他的邀请去吃饭呢？
I‘ll take up the story where I finished yesterday. 这个故事我会从昨天讲完的地方继续讲下去。
14. take ……for / to be ……（错）当作，以为是（mistake ……for ……）
I took him for his brother. They are extremely alike. 我把他误作是他弟弟，他们很像。
15. take a chance 碰碰运气，冒……风险
16. take a deep / long breath 深吸一口气（以鼓起勇气或仔细考虑）
17. take a hand in 干预
18. take a load / weight off sb.‘s mind 使放心/ 安心
19. take a risk / risks 冒风险
20. take a seat 坐下
21. take a vote 投票表决
22. take an interest in 对……有兴趣
23. take steps / measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
24. take action （on）（对……）采取行动
25. take advantage of 利用；占……的便宜；不正当地利用
26. take aim （at）瞄准
27. take ……by surprise 奇袭；出其不意地做某事；使……惊奇
28. take care 当心（= look out / be careful ）
29. take care of 照顾，料理；处理，对付；当心
30. take charge of 负责；接管
31. take cold 感冒，伤风
32. take control of 控制住，管住
33. take delight / pleasure in 以……为乐；喜欢
34. take effect 开始起作用；开始生效
35. take ……for granted 想当然地认为（会是某种情况）；认为……是理所当然的；认为没有问题
36. take ……for instance / example 以……为例
37. take hold of 抓住；吸引住
38. take ……into account / consideration 考虑到，把……考虑进去
39. take it / things easy 慢慢来，不要过于紧张/ 劳累，沉住气
40. take it or leave it 要不要都行；要么要，要么不要；不要还价
41. take note （of）把……记下来
42. take notice （of）注意；理会
43. take notes 作记录；记笔记
44. take / come into office 就职，上任
45. take one‘s breath away 令人惊异，令人叹为观止
46. take one’s chance（s）碰碰自己的运气
47. take one‘s time 慢慢来，从容不迫
48. take pains 费尽力气，煞费苦心，尽力设法I took pains to explain the facts clearly.
49. take （the）trouble 费事，下工夫You must have taken a lot of trouble to find out what was
true.
50. take part （in）参加，参与
51. take pity on / upon 可怜，怜悯（show mercy to / have mercy on）
52. take place 发生，举行
53. take pride in （be proud of）为……感到自豪/ 骄傲
54. take one‘s place 代替某人
55. take the opportunity 利用这个机会I shall take the first opportunity of seeing you. He may take the
opportunity to point out that ……
56. take turns 轮流（做某事）
They took turns to look after the baby. The two boys took turns at digging the hole.
57. take sides 支持；偏袒You always take sides with brother without even listening to me.
你总是偏袒弟弟，根本不听我的。
58. I take it （that）我想；我认为I take it you‘ve heard that the mayor’s resigned. 我想你已听说市长已经
辞职了。
二、考点透视
1.考查特定语境下的词义辨析、短语搭配。
（1）take与其它动词加上同一个介/ 副词的辨析，如06山东卷第34题；（2）take与其它动词加上不同
介/ 副词的辨析，如08山东卷第29题、08宁夏卷第34题、08天津卷第7题等；
（3）take短语搭配辨析，包括take + 介词/ 副词短语，take + 名词短语，take + 名词+ 介词短语等。
2.结合时态语态考查take短语，如06福建卷第24题。
3. 结合非谓语动词的用法考查take用法，如03上海卷第39题。
三、备考建议
1.含take的短语数量众多、词义繁杂，不可能在短时间内突击掌握，所以要注意在平时的学习多积累；
在解题时不可生搬硬套，要分析上下文的语境，灵活使用，同时要注意相关知识点，如动词时态、语态
、语气、非谓语动词等对题目的影响。
2.不仅要注意含take的短语的基本含义，还要注意一些“熟词偏义”，如在课本中没有出现，但在大纲词汇
表中有或在阅读中经常遇到的意义和用法。
3.对take和其它常见动词，如give / bring / keep / put / break /get / turn等，构成的短语进行归纳辨析。
四、高考链接
1. （08宁夏）After studying in a medical college for five years，Jane__________her job as a
the countryside.
A. set out
B. took over
C. took up
D. set up
2. （08江西）I__________it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should
be given a fair price for their products.
A. make
B. look
C. take
D. think
3. （07 辽宁）Don‘t be__________by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
A. taken off
B. taken out
C. taken away
D. taken in
4. （06 浙江）We’re trying to ring you back，Bryan，but we think we__________your number
incorrectly.
A. looked up
B. took down
C. worked out
D. brought about
5. （06 福建）Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your seat belts. The plane__________ .
A. takes off
B. is taking off
C. has taken off
D. took off
6. （06 山东）After he retired from office，Rogers__________painting for a while，but soon lost
interest.
A. took up
B. saved up
C. kept up
D. drew up
7. （2004广东）Helen always helps her mother even though going to school__________most of her day.
A. takes up
B. makes up
C. saves up
D. puts up
8. （2005上海）More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays，__________
advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking
B. taken
C. having taken
D. having been take
9. （2008重庆）—I‘m afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday.—__________.
A. Don‘t be afraid
B. Be careful
C. Not at all
D. Take your time
Keys：1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. D
英语替代词it，one，ones，that，those使用技巧
一、替代表泛指的单数名词
替代表泛指的单数名词，通常用one。如：
Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人。
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一架新的。
Did you get a ticket?—Yes，I managed to get one. 你搞到票了吗?——是的，我设法搞到了一张。
注：若one 前没有形容词的修饰，则其前不能有不定冠词。比较：
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套小的带花园的。
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套带花园
说：... a one with a garden.）
没有形容词修饰的one 前不能用不定冠词，但可用another。如：
This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one. 这支钢笔坏了，我要另买一支了。
另外，注意它与表特指的it 的区别。如：
Can you lend me a pen?—Sorry. I haven’t got one. 你能借给我一支钢笔吗?——对不起，我没有钢笔
。
Can I borrow your pen?—Sorry，I’m using it. 我能借用你的钢笔吗?——对不起，我自己正在用。
二、替代表特指的单数名词
替代表特指的单数名词，可用it，that，the one。三者的区别是：
1. 替代单数可数名词时，三者均可用；替代不可数名词时，不能用the one，而要用it 或that。此时
it 与that 的区别是：表示同一事物时，用it；表示同类事物时，用that 或the one。如：The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it. 这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。（it 在此指前
面提到的the weather）
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天气比广州冷。（that 在此指代的天
气与前面提到的天气为同类）
My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much. 我叔叔给我买了一本词典，我非常喜欢它。
（it 在此就是指前面提到的叔叔给我买的词典）
Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 你这本词典比我叔叔给我的那本词典
更有用。（the one 在此表示与前面提到的词典为同类）
2. 替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用the one。如：
Who is her husband?—The one by the window. 哪位是她的丈夫？——窗户边的那一位。
注：当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用it。
3. 当有前置定语修饰时，只能用the one。如：
Which do you want?—The red one. 你想要哪个?——那个红的。
She would rather have the small one than the large one. 她宁愿要小的，不要大的。
4. 当有后置定语修饰时，通常用the one。如：
My room is better than the one next door. 我的房间比隔壁房间好。
He said he would have the one near him. 他说要靠近他的那一个。
Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗?
Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 这里有六枚戒指，选出你最喜欢的一枚。
但是，若后置定语为of 引起的介词短语，则通常用that。如：
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。
A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。
三、替代表泛指的复数名词
替代表泛指的复数名词，通常用ones。如：
Hard beds are healthier than soft ones. 硬板床比软床有利于健康。
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。
These chairs have the great advantage of being much cheaper than conventional ones. 这些椅子具有
比普通椅子便宜得多的优势。
四、替代表特指的复数名词
替代表特指的复数名词，通常用the ones。如：
I’d like to try on those shoes. The ones at the front of the window. 我想试试那双鞋子。橱窗里前边的
那一双。
Are they the ones who moved here recently? 是最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗?
Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones. 别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。
注：在口语中，也可用those 来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有of 引导的介词短语或who
引导的定语从句修饰时。如：
Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的
两倍。
Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里
签名。
His ideas are little different from those of his friends. 他的想法和他朋友的想法没什么两样。
Students who do well in examinations are those ［the ones］who ask questions in class. 考试成绩好的都
是上课爱提问的学生。
五、几点重要的补充说明
1. 当替代词one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this，that，these，those，which，
either，neither，another 等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如：
I think my dog’s the fastest （one）. 我想我的狗是跑得最快的（一只）。
Either （one）will suit me. （这两个当中）哪一个对我都合适。
Let’s have another （one）. 咱们再来一个吧。
She looked at each（one）carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。
Which （one）would you like?—That （one）looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?——看起来那个最好。
2. 复数形式的ones 之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及some，any，both，
several，dozen，own 等词修饰。如：
Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? （不能说：
... some ones ...）
Do you have any new diaries?—We don’t have any at the moment. 你有没有新的日记本?——我们眼
下一本也没有了。（不能说：... any ones ...）
Do question 1 or question 2，but not both. 第1题和第2题选做一道，但不要两道都做。（不能说：...
both ones.）
He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典，但我只有两本。（不能说：... two
ones.）
注：如果ones 前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如：
误：her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones
正：her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones
在美国英语中，ones 不能紧跟在these 和those 之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用（也不常见）
。
3. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用one（s）来替代。如：
Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? （不能说：... or tea
ones? ）
但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one（s）替代。如：
We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。worth，worthy，worthwhile的用法区别
一、从句法功能上看
worth 通常只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语；worthy 和worthwhile 可用作表语和定语。如：
It isn’t worth the trouble. 不值得费那个事。
He is a worthy gentleman. 他是位值得尊敬的绅士。
His behavior is worthy of great praise. 他的行为值得高度赞扬。
They achieved a very worthwhile result. 他们取得了很有价值的成果。
We had a long wait，but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets. 我们等了很久，但还算值得，
因为我们把票买到了。
二、从所使用的修饰语来看
worth 习惯上不用very 修饰（要表示类似意思可用well），而worthy 和worthwhile 则可以用副词
very 修饰。如：
That is very worthy of our attention. 那件事很值得我们注意。
Nursing is a very worthwhile career. 护理工作是很值得干的职业。
但习惯上不说：The work is very worth doing. （very 应改为well）
三、从搭配习惯来看
1. 有关be worth 的搭配习惯
（1）be worth 后可直接跟名词、代词或动名词。如：
The picture is worth $500. 这幅画值500 美元。
The clock is hardly worth repairing. 这台钟简直不值得修理。
What is worth doing is worth doing well. 值得干的事就得干好。
注意：其后可接动名词，不能接不定式，且接动名词时，总是用主动形式表示被动意义。
（2）在现代英语中，在be worth 前使用形式主语it 被认为是合习惯的。如：
It isn’t worth repairing the car. 这辆汽车不值得修了。
Is it worth visiting the city? 这个城市值得去看吗?
但是，若不用形式主语it 而直接用动名词作主语则是错误的，如：
误：Repairing the car is worth.
（3）在be worth doing 结构中，除非句首用了形式主语it，否则句子主语总应是其动名词的逻辑宾
语；若其中的动词是不及物动词，应考虑加上适当的介词。如：
Nothing he said was worth listening to. 他说的话没有一句值得听。
She’s not worth getting angry with. 犯不上跟她生气。
2. 有关be worthy 的搭配习惯
（1）be worthy 后不能直接跟名词、代词或动名词，若要接，应借助介词of。如：Their efforts are worthy of your support. 他们的努力应得到你的支持。
Her behavior is worthy of praise. 她的行为是值得赞扬的。
（2）与be worth 后只接动名词不接不定式不同，be worthy 后不接动名词，而接不定式（若该不定
式要表示被动意义，则应用被动形式）。如：
He is worthy to receive such honor. 他应该得到这种荣誉。
This suggestion is worthy to be considered. 这个建议值得考虑。
（3）若要在be worthy 后接动名词，与后接名词时的情形一样，应借助介词of，且该动名词若要表
示被动意义，要用被动形式。如：
He is worthy of filling 〔=to fill〕the post. 这个职位他当之无愧。
This suggestion is worthy of being considered 〔=to be considered〕. 这个建议值得考虑。
3. 有关be worthwhile 的搭配习惯
（1）be worthwhile 后接动名词或不定式均可。如：
It is worthwhile buying the dictionary. 这本词典值得买。（其中的worthwhile 也可换成worth）
It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again. 这个计划值得再讨论一次。（其中的worthwhile 不能换成
worth，因为其后接用了不定式）
（2）有时可将worthwhile 分开写，此时也可在其中加上one’s。如：
I’d think it worth while to go. 我认为值得去。
Do you think it’s worth while quarrelling with her? 你认为与她吵值得吗?
Would you like to do some gardening for me? I’ll make it worth your while. 你愿意在我的花园里干些
活吗?我不会亏待你的。
It is worth your while visiting 〔to visit〕the museum. 这个博物馆值得你去看看。
（3）按传统语法，It is worth （one’s）while to do sth 〔doing sth〕结构必须用it 作形式主语，其
中的不定式或动名词做句子的真正主语。
四、一句多译
在很多情况下，同一个意思可用几种不同的形式表达。如：
那个地方值得一去。
正：The place is worth a visit.
正：The place is worthy of a visit.
正：The place is worth visiting.
正：It is worth visiting the place.
正：The place is worthy of being visited.
正：The place is worthy to be visited.
正：It is worthwhile visiting the place.
正：It is worthwhile to visit the place.
疑问词+ever的用法归纳
“疑问词+ ever”是近年来高考英语的一个考查热点，在各版本的中学英语教材中出现频率较高，而且是学
生理解和掌握的一个难点。从不同角度论述这方面内容的文章很多，本文试图别辟蹊径，简单明了地归
纳讲解这一问题。
“疑问词+ ever ”可分为两类，“疑问代词+ ever ”：whatever / whichever / whoever (宾格whomever )
和“疑问副词+ ever ”：wherever / whenever / however.
不论是“疑问代词+ ever ”还是“疑问副词+ ever ”，其意义都是“不管/ 无论+ 该疑问词的本义”。
1. “疑问代词+ ever”可引导两种类型的从句，即让步状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句)。
(1)引导让步状语从句。此时whatever / whoever / whichever 分别等于“no matter + what / who / which
”。例如：
Whatever happened，he wouldn't say a word. = No matter what happened，he wouldn't say a word.
Whoever says so，it is wrong. = No matter who says so，it is wrong.
Whichever dictionary you (may) take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. = No matter which
dictionary you (may) take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词may / might .
(2)引导名词性从句。例如：
Whoever smokes here will be punished. (主语从句)
Beggars will eat whatever they are given. (宾语从句)
Whichever he likes will be given to him. (主语从句)
You may invite whoever / whomever you like. (常用whoever 代替whomever)
此时它们都不能换成“no matter + 疑问词”的形式，但whoever 等于anyone who，
whatever 等于
anything that.
2. “疑问副词+ever ”：wherever / whenever / however 一般只能引导一种类型的从句，即让步状语从
句，此时它们分别等于“no matter + where / when / how ”。例如：
Wherever he goes (may go). I'll follow him. = No matter where he goes (may go)，I'll follow him.
Whenever I wisited him，he was always busy working. = No matter when I visited him，he was
always busy working.
However late he is，his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. = No matter how late he is，
his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
注意：当however 用作连接副词时也可引导名词性从句，而whenever/ wherever 则不能引导名词性
从句。例如：
I'll give you however much money you need. (宾语从句，此时however 不能改成no matter how )。
3. 另外，whatever / whichever / whoever 与whenever / wherever / however 分别可相当于what /
which / who 与when / where / how 的强调式，引起的特殊疑问句往往是简单句，与原疑问词的意思、用
法完全相同，只是表达的语气更为强烈，翻译时可加上“到底；究竟”等。例如：What(ever) are you doing ？你(到底)在干什么？
Which(ever) do you want to buy ？你(究竟)要买哪一个？
Who(ever) told you such a foolish story？(究竟)是谁讲给你这么蠢的事？
When(ever) can I enjoy a long vacation？(究竟)什么时候才能给我放个长假呢？
Where(ever) did you leave your dictionary？你(究竟)把词典放哪儿了？
How(ever) did you collect so much money？你(到底)是怎样筹到这么多钱的？
insist用法面面观
I. 表示“坚持说；坚决认为(多与别人的观点不同)”，接that从句(从句的动作多为已发生之事)，从句使用陈
述语气。如：
She insisted that he was wrong.
她坚持认为他错了。
II. 表示“坚决主张；坚持要求”，接that从句(从句的动作为将要发生之事)，谓语多为should型的虚拟
语气，即：主语+ should(可省略)+动词原形。如：
He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts.
他一定要我们收下这些礼物。
Jane insisted that he be present.
简坚持要他出席。
还可用于“insist on / upon + 名词或代词或动词-ing形式”结构中。如：
He insisted on / upon my going with him.
他坚持要我跟他一起去。(= He insisted that I [should] go with him.)
I insist on seeing it. 我一定要见到它。(= I insist that I see it.)
Ⅲ. if you insist 常用于口语中，表示勉强同意。如：
All right, I’ll do it, if you insist.
好吧，如果你一定要我干这事，我就去干。
【跟踪练习】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. The man insisted ______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find
B. to find
C. on finding
D. in finding
2. —How do you ______ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
—I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.
A. insist
B. imagine
C. suppose
D. suggest
3. He insisted that he ______ right, and so he insisted that his plan ______ carried out at once.
A. was; be
B. be; would be
C. was; was
D. be; should be
4. Driving a car is not as difficult as you imagine, if you ______ the rules.
A. depend on
B. insist on
C. turn to
D. stick to
5. I wanted to pay by cheque but the landlord ______ that I pay him in cash.
A. thought
B. insisted
C. ordered
D. demanded
Key: 1-5 CDADB
解析：
1. C。insisted on finding a taxi for me，表示“坚持要为我找辆出租车”。
2. D。答语内容为一条建议，问句中的how表示征询对方意见，应用suggest (建议)，而不用insist(坚
持)；imagine (想象)和suppose (猜测)。
3. A。前一个insist表示“坚决认为”，从句用陈述语气；后一个insist表示“坚持要求”，从句谓语动词用
should型的虚拟语气。
4. D。表示“坚持(观点、理论等)，遵守(规则等)”，用stick to。insist on 表示“坚持要求”。
5. B。句意为“房东坚持要求我付他现金”，故选B。
due to / because of / thanks to“由于”词汇辨析
“由于”种种原因
due to 由于；因为。如：
His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the motorway.
他迟到是因高速公路上车辆过多所致。
Most of the problems were due to human error. 多数问题都是人为错误造成的。
He arrived late due to the snow. 由于下雪，他来晚了。
[比较] due to / because of / thanks to
这三个短语意思相同，一般可以互换，但是要注意以下区别：
due to 可引导状语、定语或表语，但多引导表语。
because of 一般引导状语，不引导表语；但当主语是代词时，because of短语在句中可用作表语。
thanks to 常引导状语；除了“由于”的意思外，还可意为“多亏”，多引出好的原因。
[例句] He knew she was crying because of what he had said.
他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
Thanks to you, I was saved from drowning. 幸亏你，我才没有被淹死。
consider和judge的分词状语用法
动词的现在分词和过去分词形式都可以引导一个分词短语作句子的状语。一般来说，不管用现在分词还
是过去分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语都应当与句子的实际主语保持一致。如：1）Not knowing his address or telephone number,we couldn’t get in touch with him.
2）Properly trained, Prince will make a good guide dog for the blind.
但是也有分词的逻辑主语与句子的实际主语不一致的情况，如：
3）Generally speaking, girl students are better than boy students in language learning.
4）Seeing he is still young, the salary is not a bad one.
例3与例4的分词短语用法已得到公认，它们表达了说话人的看法，语法上称之为评述性状语。然而
动词consider和judge的分词短语既可以像例1和例2那样用作非评述性状语，也可以像例3和例4那样用作
评述性状语。如：
5）Considering his age, he is not fit for the job.
6）Considered the best detective, he was sent to track down the assassin.
7）Judging from past performances, he is not likely to do very well in his exams.
8）Judged unpractical, the plan was a bandoned.
可以看出例5和例7是评述性状语，例6和例8则属于分词短语作状语的一般性用法，分词的逻辑主语
就是句子的主语。
由于以上情况，许多同学不知何时用consider和judge的现在分词形式，何时用它们的过去分词形式
。那么如何辨识这两种情况呢？
这可以从两方面考虑。第一，评述性状语表示的是说话人的看法，非评述性状语是对句子主语的描
述。如果句意是“考虑到……”或“从……来看”，那这是评述性状语；如果句意是“XX 被看作……”，或“XX
被判为……”，那这是非评述性状语。
其次是要了解这两个单词的组句形式并记住它们。
Consider的组句形式为：
A）consider sth./doing sth./that（其后为宾语，通常是名词，动名词或从句)
B）consider sb./sth. as to be adj.（其后为sb/sth加宾语补足语。宾语补足语通常是as＋n.,to be+adj.
或直接跟形容词、分词。如果as被省略，也可以跟名词）
Judge的组句形式为：
A）judge sth./that from sth./by sth.（其后是名词或that从句作宾语，或by/from短语）
B)judge sb.to be adj.（其后为sb加宾语补足语。宾语补足语通常是形容词、分词或不定式）因此，
选择题空格后出现的是A组里所列的情况，那就是评述性状语；如果选择题空格后出现的是B组里所列的
情况，那就是非评述性状语。
注意：如果句首那部分是非评述性状语，而逻辑主语与consider/judge的关系是主动的，应用现在分
词形式。
下面考考你，看你是否已经掌握了这一点。
1.____from his accent, he must be from Australia.A.Judging B.Judged
2.____innocent,he was set free.A.Judging B.Judged
3.____the state of mind she was in,she’d better stay at home. A.Considering B.Considered
4.____most useful, English is studied by millions of people in the world.A.Considering
B.Considered
5._____its afer to go away than to stay, he left the room. A.Judging B.Judged
6._____to be the symbol of the nation, the Great Wall has been well preserved.
A.Considering
B.Considered
答案是ABABAB，你做对了吗？
(注：1、3两题是评述性状语，其它4题是非评述性状语。第5题中的主语与judge的关系是主动的，
因此也用现在分词。)