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非谓语动词用法讲解与运用

非谓语动词经典例题

1.—Some children can't afford ________ necessary stationary.

—Let's donate our pocket money to them.

A. buy

B. buying

C. to buy

D. be bought

2. My parents always tell me ________ more vegetables and fruit.

A. eat

B. eating

C. eats

D. to eat

3. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money ________ poor young girls return to school.

A. to save

B. saving

C. helping

D. to help

4. Granny often tells us ________ water in our daily life.

A. save

B. saving

C. to save

D. saves

5. Tom’s mother told him ________ eating too much meat.

A. stopping

B. to stop

C. stops

D. stopped

6. —Hey guys, Chinese way of ________ the road is very dangerous. You must wait for the green lights on.

— Thank you for your advice, sir.

A. going

B. walking

C. crossing

D. passing

7. —What else should we pay attention to ________ building the bridge?

－The change of the weather, I think.

A. finish

B. finished

C. to finish

D. finishing

8. —Tom, why are you in such a hurry?

－Oh, my bike is broken, I’m going to have it ________.

A. repairing

B. repaired

C. to repair

9. The WWF is working hard __________ the animals in danger．

A．save B．to save C．saves D．saved

10. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ for such a long time.

A. run

B. runs

C. to run

D. running

11. This sign is used ________ tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo．

A．to warn B．to warning C．to make D．to making

12. Thanks to the robots, the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time _______ boring numbers and information.

A．processing B．to process C．processed D．process

13. My friend invited me __________ the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.

A. join

B. to join

C. joined

D. joining

14. Martin was so busy __________ the old that he gave up his part-time job.

A. helping

B. helped

C. to help

D. help

15．The traffic signs warn people after drinking.

A. to drive

B. not to drive

C. driving

D. don’t drive 【答案与解析】

1. C。句意：——一些孩子买不起必要的文具。——让我们把零花钱捐给他们吧。afford 后跟动词不定式作宾语，故选C项。

2. D。句意：我父母总是告诉我多吃蔬菜和水果。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，故选D。

3. D。句意：春蕾计划是一个为帮助贫困女孩重返学校募集钱的组织。此处需用动词不定式表示目的，排除B和C；save救，挽救；help帮助，根据句意选D。

4. C。本句意为：Granny经常告诉我们在日常生活中要节约用水。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，故答案选C。

5. B。本题意为：Tom的妈妈告诉他要停止吃太多的肉；tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，故答案选B。

6. C。本题意为：——嗨，中国式的过马路是很危险的。你必须等待绿灯亮。——先生，谢谢你的建议。crossing the road表示横穿马路，故答案选C。

7. C。本题意为：——我们完成这座桥还应该注意些什么？——我想应该注意天气的变化。本题考查动词不定式，pay attention to意为“注意”。to是介词，所以后面接名词以及动名词，但本题题空中，应该表示目的，所以选动词不定式，答案为C。

8. B。本题意为：——Tom，为什么你这么匆忙？——Oh，我的自行车坏了，我要去修一下。have sth. done意为“使某事、某物被……”，故答案选B。

9. B。句意为：世界自然基金会正在努力去拯救濒危动物。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。

10. D。句意：Sarah，跑了这么长时间的步，你最好喝些水。run跑步；runs第三人称单数形式；to run动词不定式；这里是介词after+动名词形式，故选D。

11. A。句意为：在动物园，这个标志被用来警告游客远离狮子。be used to do sth．表示“被用来做某事”，为固定用法，故选A。

12. A。spend+时间+(in) doing sth．意为“做某事花费多少时间”，故选A。

13. B。句意：我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。join动词原形；to join 动词不定式；joined 动词过去式；joining动名词形式。invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”，结合句意及结构，故答案为B项。

14. A。句意：马丁如此忙于帮助老人，以至于他放弃了他的兼职工作。be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。结合所给选项的形式，答案为A项。

15. B。句意:交通标志警示人们不要酒后驾车。warn sb. to do sth意为“警告某人干某事”；warn sb. not to do sth意为“警告某人不要干某事”。

【用法讲解】

考试要求：

非谓语动词中考考查的重点有：

1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法；

2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；

3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；

4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；

5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。

1. 动词不定式

（1）动词不定式的构成：

不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be + adj. +(for/of sb. )+动词不定式。如：

To learn English well is useful．→It is useful to learn English well．

学好英语很有用。

It’s important for us to protect the environment．

保护环境对我们来说很重要。

注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It’s very kind of you to help me．你帮助我真是太好啦。

It’s very clever of you to do like that．你那样做真是太聪明啦!

2)不定式作宾语

①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。

如：Would you like to see a film this evening?

你今晚想去看电影吗?

②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。

如：I find it easy to read English every day．我发现每天读英语很容易。

③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式

why not do...，why don’t you do...，had better(not) do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not) do...

如：I would rather stay in the room．我宁愿待在房间里。

3)不定式作宾语补足语

不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio．露西让他关小收音机。

My mother encourages me to learn Japanese．我妈妈鼓励我学日语。

注意：

还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)，但变被动语态时，必须加上to。

如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss．

老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。

4)不定式作定语

①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。

②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about．没有什么可担心的。

5)不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：

The teacher is telling the students what to do．

老师正告诉学生们做什么。

He didn’t know where to go．

他不知道去哪里。(where to go＝where he should go)

2. 动名词

（1）动名词构成：一般由“动词原形+ -ing”构成。

英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，be worth，be busy，practice，have fun，have trouble/problem(in)，spend...(in)，feel like，be used to(习惯于)，give up，keep on，consider，suggest，can’t help可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)

继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)

考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like)

喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)

3. 分词

（1）分词的构成：

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。

（2）分词的句法功能：

巩固与拓展

I.单项选择。

1．— How about going hiking this weekend?

— Sorry. I prefer ______ rather than ______.

A．to stay at home；go out B．to go out；stay at home

C．staying at home；go out D．going out；stay at home

2．— Could you tell me how to improve spoken English?

—Well, just take every chance to practice ______ and don’t be shy.

A．speak B．to speak C．speaking D．spoke

3. He pretended ______ me when he walked by.

A．not see B．not to see C．don't see D．to not see 4．Listen! There must be someone ______ through the jungle.

A．trek B．treking C．trekking D. to trek 5．She writes slowly so she has trouble ______ notes in class.

A．taken B．taking C．to take D. took

6．My English teacher is easy ______ so we all like her.

A．to get along with B. get along with

C．to get along D. getting along with

7．Peter is busy ________ at school，but he never forgets ________ exercise every day．A．working；doing B．working；to do C．at work；doing

8．I saw a UFO ________ on the square in my dream．

A．to drop B．1and C．wear D．to fly

9．Tom’s mother asked him ________ some washing after dinner．

A．to do B．does C．do D．did

10．—Do you like playing the piano?

—Yes，but I don’t know ________ play it well．

A．what B．how C．what to D．how to

11．He made some toys ________ his little son．

A．please B．to please C．pleasing D．pleased

12．Teenagers should not ______.

A．allowed to drive B．be allow to driving

C．be allowed driving D．be allowed to drive

13．I’m very ______ and I really need an ______ vacation.

A．tired, exciting B．tired, excited

C．tiring, exciting D．tiring, excited

14．He's very good at English. He spends most of his free time ______ new words.

A．remember B．remembering

C．remembers D．remembered

15．—When are you leaving for the concert?

—I'm not sure. I haven't finished ______ the dishes.

A．do B．to do C．doing D．done

16．—Why did you buy a radio?

—______ English.

A．Learn B．Learning C．To learn D．Be learning

17．The best way to learn English is ______ you ______ in an English-speaking environment.

A．let; live B．to let; to live

C．letting; living D．to let, live

18．The boy is often seen ______ play basketball after school.

A．play B．to play C．to playing D．played

II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Jenny saw a wallet ______（lie）on the ground.

2. The heavy snow stopped them from______(go)out for a walk the day before yesterday.

3. Don’t you hear so meone ______(sing) in the next room?

4. The little girl really feels like_______(eat)eggs.

5. Keep ______(try).You are sure to get a good result.

6. Lily finished ______(read) the book yesterday.

7. Mr Lee made us ______(laugh)

8. —The children should be told _____(not break) the traffic rules.

—That’s right.

9. He found it hard ____(catch) up with his classmates ,because all his classmates worked very hard.

10. This is the best way _____(work) out this problem.

【答案与解析】

I.单项选择。

1. A。考查句型prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.，表示“宁愿……，而不愿……”。句子的意思是“—这个周末去远足怎么样？—很抱歉，我宁愿呆在家里也不愿意出去”。

2. C。practice的意思是“练习”，其后接动名词形式作宾语，不能接不定式，所以答案为C 项。

3. B。pretend的意思是“假装”，其后接不定式作宾语，由此可以排除A和C，其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.，所以答案为B项。句子的意思是“当他走过我的身旁时，他假装没有看见我”。

4. C。分析句子结构可知，该空要使用现在分词作定语，trek的现在分词形式是trekking，所以答案为C项。

5. B。此题考查结构have trouble doing sth.，表示“做某事有困难”，答案为B项。

6. A。be easy to do sth.表示“做某事是容易的”，注意get along with中的介词with不可省，所以答案为A项。

7．B。句意：彼得在学校忙于工作，但他每天从不忘记做锻炼。be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事；forget to do sth.忘记做某事(事情还未做)。

8．B。句意：在梦里，我看见一个不明飞行物在广场上着陆。see sb. /sth. do sth．看见某人/某物做某事；land意为“着陆”。

9．A。句意：汤姆的妈妈让他晚饭后洗碗。ask sb. to do sth. (动词不定式作宾语补足语)让某人做某事。故选A。

10．D。句意为“——你喜欢弹钢琴吗?——是的，但我不知道怎样才能弹好它”。由句子结构可知，it作play的宾语，所以不能用what。此处考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”，故选D。

11．B。句意：他制作了一些玩具来讨好他年幼的儿子。这里应该用带to的动词不定式来作目的状语。正确答案为B。

12. D。此题考查句型allow sb. to do sth.，表示“允许某人做某事”，此处使用的是被动语态。句子的意思是“青少年不应该被允许驾车”。

13. A。tiring “累人的；令人疲倦的，麻烦的；无聊的”，常用来形容物；tired“疲倦的，厌倦的，厌烦的”，常用来形容人。由此可知第一空使用tired。excited意思是“兴奋的，激动的”，多用来修饰人；exciting意思是“使人兴奋的，刺激的，令人惊心动魄的，极其有趣的”，修饰物。由此可知答案为A项。

14. B。此题考查结构spend some time (in) doing sth.，表示“花费时间做事某”，所以答案为B项。

15. C。finish动词，意为“完成”，其后接动名词作宾语，所以答案为C项。

16. C。上句的意思是“你为什么买收音机？”答案为C项，不定式表示目的，也就是说，买收音机的目的是学习英语。

17. D。let sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，由此可以排除B和C；第一空所填词要作表语，可以使用不定式，但不能使用动词，所以D项正确。

18. B。在短语see sb. do sth.（看见某人做某事）中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，改为被动语态时要加上to。所以答案为B项。

II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. lying

2.going

3.singing

4.eating

5.trying

6. reading

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/989602050.html,ugh

8.not to break

9.to catch 10.to work

非谓语动词用法归纳语法

非谓语动词用法归纳一、表格的用法 1. doing 的用法（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/ 主张consider 考虑can't help 不禁can't stand 受不了contemplate 细想complete 完成confess 坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve 值得delay 延迟deny 否认dread 可怕defer 拖延detest 嫌恶enjoy 享有/喜爱envy 嫉妒endure 忍受excuse 借口escape 逃跑/ 逃避finish 完成forgive 原谅fancy 幻想/ 爱好favor 造成/ 偏爱figure 描绘/ 计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/ 包含keep 保持miss 错过mention 说到/ 讲到mind 介意pardon 原谅/ 饶恕permit 允许postpone 推迟practice 实行/实践prevent 阻止quit 放弃停止risk 冒险recall 回想resist 抵抗/ 阻止resume 恢复repent 悔悟resent 怨恨stand 坚持/ 忍受suggest 建议save 营救/ 储蓄tolerate 忍受

worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6）概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.

非谓语动词用法讲解

非谓语动词讲解 1. 动词不定式（1）动词不定式的构成：不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。（2）动词不定式的句法功能： 1)不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be + adj. +(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如： To learn English well is useful．→It is useful to learn English well．

学好英语很有用。 It’s important for us to protect the environment．保护环境对我们来说很重要。注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It’s very kind of you to help me．你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that．你那样做真是太聪明啦! 2)不定式作宾语 ①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗? ②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day．我发现每天读英语很容易。 ③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 why not do...，why don’t you do...，had better(not) do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not) do... 如：I would rather stay in the room．我宁愿待在房间里。 3)不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio．露西让他关小收音机。 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese．我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)，但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss．老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4)不定式作定语

人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全及解析百度文库

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动词不定式 :(to +do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。否定式:not + (to do 以 do 为例,动词不定式的构成如下: 1.一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后 . 例如: I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。 We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。 He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。 The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。 The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。 2.进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生, 例如: The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。 He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。 3.完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如: I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。 I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。 He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。不定式的句法功能:(1作主语:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。动词不定式短语作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。常用句式有:1、 It+be+名词 +to do。 2、 It takes sb.+some time+to do 。 3、 It+be+形容词 +of sb +to do。常用 careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly, stupid,wise, 等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的 sb. 可作其逻辑主语。 2.作表语: Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。 He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。 3.作宾语: 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有: want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help, agree,promise,prefer, 如果不定式(宾语后面有宾语补足语,则用 it 作形式宾语 ,真正的宾语(不定式后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如: Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:

高中英语非谓语动词经典用法讲解

高中英语非谓语动词经典用法讲解非谓语动词经典用法讲解 ★命题规律 1.考查立意较低，主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。 2．设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。 ★命题趋势不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出―情景化‖和―设问角度的多样化‖的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。 ★解题思路 ①解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）； ②找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；

③搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式； ④将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。 ★分词、不定式作宾补用法要点一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如： I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。 I heard the English song sung many times.

(完整版)非谓语动词用法归纳(最终)

非谓语动词用法归纳非谓语动词在英语中，动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上，充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分，这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． (3)分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。 3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语(部分)： attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视 afford负担得起demand要求long渴望 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式： allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿

非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

1. doi ng 的用法 (1)在要求动词后 (作宾语)：avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自认admit承认advocate 提倡/ 主张con sider 考虑can't help 不禁can't sta nd 受不了con template 纟田想complete 完成confess坦白dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure扌苗绘/计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/包含keep 保持miss令错过mention 说到/讲到mi nd 介意pardon 原谅/饶恕permit允许postpo ne 推迟practice 实行/实践preve nt阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate 忍受worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth readi ng. The book deserves readi ng. (2)表进行 Walk ing on the grassla nd, I saw a sn ake.=Whe n I was walk ing on the grassla nd, I saw a sn ake. The man speak ing En glish is T om. = The man who is speak ing En glish is Tom. (3)表主动 The man speak ing En glish is T om = The man who speaks En glish is T om. =The man who spoke En glish is T om. Nobody dinks boil ing water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boil ing but the water that has boiled. (4)表伴随 I sta nd outside wait ing for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed readi ng a no vel. (5)表性质；特点 The film is very movi ng. She is un dersta nding, so you had better discuss your bus in ess with her. (6)概括性，一般性 Climb ing mountain is very in terest ing. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性，一般性) Our work is servi ng the people . (7)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词'S+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them . 他坚持要我和他们一起去。专业word可编辑