Important language points for Units 1-9 GFI 2
Language points from GFI 2 Units 1-9
Unit 1
1.be from = come from
2.elementary school = primary school 小学
3.junior high school = middle school 初中
4.senior high school = high school 高中
5.around the world = all over the world
6.fun n.(U)
Have fun! It’s suc h fun!
7.welcome n. give sb. a warm welcome
adj. make sb. Welcome
v. welcome sb. to some places
8.exchange n. exchange student
v. exchange sth. with sb.
Unit 2
1. would like = want
①would like sth.= want sth.
②would like (sb.) to do sth. = want (sb.) to do sth.
would like / like
would like和like含义不同。like意思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而would like意思是“想要”。试比较：
I like beer.= I’m fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤酒。
I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。
Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜欢看电影吗？
Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看电影吗？
2. Would you like ….? Yes, please. / No, thanks. (注意肯定回答和否定回答)
3. special adj. not ordinary or usual
★I’d like to do something special for you on your birthday.
n. a lower price than usual for a product for a short period of time
★a lunch special for $4.99
★Coffee is on special this week.
★There is a special on coffee this week.
specially adv. 特别地，专门地★I made this specially for you.
especially adv. 尤其，格外，特别★I like to swim, especially in the sea.
3. tradition n.
traditional adj.
traditionally adv.
4. be popular with sb.
5. list sth. as…把……列为……
6. like sb. doing sth. 喜欢某人做某事
7. too much + 不可数名词
too many + 可数名词
8. be good for …对……有好处
9. choice (n.)
choose (v.) choose sth.
choose to do sth.
Unit 3
1. It’s an advertisement for…
advertisement (n.) advertise (v)
We want to make an advertisement for Shenzhen Foreign Language School Branch.
= We want to advertise for Shenzhen Foreign Language School Branch.
2. They’ve got some great music there. (have got =have)
3. What do you think about/ of …? = How do you like …?
4. dance to the music 随着音乐跳舞
5. I like it a lot. ①动词+ a lot; ②a lot of + n.
6. be with sb. = agree with sb.
7. No more …
You are no more a kid. = You are not a kid any more.
8. other
Unit 4
1. What does sb. Do? = What’s sb’s job? = What’s sb.? （询问职业的三种方式）
2. want to be + 职业名词表示“想要成为……，想要从事某工作”；
want to do sth. 想要做某事
What do you want to be when you grow up? I want to be a journalist.
What do you want to do this weekend? I want to go to a movie.
3. I bet it is. = I’m sure it is.
4. To be / Being a police officer is difficult for me. / Be ing an actor would be exciting.
5. There are other interesting jobs, like being a …
6. work at a theater在剧院工作
7. start doing sth. / start to do sth. 开始做某事
8. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
finish with sth. 不再需用（某物）/ 不再做（某事）
9. T hat’s why/because + 从句这就是为什么……
10. stressful: causing a lot of pressure or worry 压力大的
stressed: affected by stress 有压力的,紧张的
My new job is much less ___________.
I feel ____________ because I can’t finish the work.
be stressed out 感到压力大
11. People with this job can talk with customers every day.
12. It can be stressful if the customer is unhappy.
13. People must stay at work unitl very late.
14. It's a great job for people who are good with words like ….
15. A career in this area may be difficult. career: 事业; occupation 职业; job 工作
Unit 5
1. It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. = sb. is adj. to do sth.
adj .(kind, nice, wise, unwise, silly, clever, right, wrong, considerate, crazy …)
某人做了某事，真是……的(强调人的个性、品质、性格等)
That’s nic e of you! = You are nice!
It’s kind of you to help me! = You are kind to help me!
It’s + adj. (for sb.) + to do sth. = To do sth. is adj. (for sb.)
做某事对某人来说是……的。（强调这件事情的性质）
It’s important for you to learn English well. = To learn English is important for you.
2. It/ That sounds like + n. / 句子
It/ That sounds + adj.
3. much + 不可数名词
many + 可数名词复数
too many +可数名词复数
too much + 不可数名词
much too + adj./adv.
4. everyday jobs日常工作
everyday (adj.) 每天的，日常的(只能用于名词前面)
[only before noun] used or happening every day or regularly; ordinary
◆everyday objects
◆The Internet has become part of everyday life.
◆a small dictionary for everyday use
every day (phr.) 每天
◆Like in high school, every day I would be in school for like six and half hours.
我在高中的时候，每天都会在学校学习六个半小时。
5. around the house屋里屋外
6. earn / make extra money赚外快
7. by doing something通过做某事
8. find out找出…
9. make a list(n.) 列清单
list(v) … as …把……列为……
10. common共同的，常见的have sth. in common 有共同之处
11. during our survey time / period 在我们调查期间
12. the result below以下的结果
13. compare比较
①compare A with B 把A和B相比（对比，比较）
◆If you compare her work with his / If you compare their work, you'll find hers is much
better. 要是把他俩的工作比较一下, 就会发现她的好得多.
②compare A to B 把A比作B （比喻）
◆Poets have compared sleep to death. 诗人把睡眠比作死亡.
14. check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记，报到
check out 结帐离开；通过考核；检验
Unit 6
1.Don’t judge a book by its c over.
Don’t judge a person by his appearance. 不要以貌取人。
2. 询问长相的句型：--- What does sb. look like? --- He/ She is + adj. / --- He/ She has + n. 描述头发的顺序：漂亮+长短+形状+颜色
e.g. She has short curly blond hair. 她有一头短的金黄色的卷发。
3. the rest of …其余的，剩下的
4. Let’s get things started. = Let’s begin. = Let’s start.
5. team up with sb./sth. 与某物搭配；与某人合伙
6. color/ clothes look(s) great on sb.
sb. look(s) great in + color
sb. look(s) great with + clothes
7. take a look at sth. = look at sth. = have a look at sth.
8. criminal n. 罪犯
crime n. 犯罪行为commit a crime 犯罪
9. witness v. 目击witness sth.
n. 目击者witnesses
10. realistic adj. 现实的，实际可行的；现实主义的 a realistic plan
reality n. 现实，现实性；真实情况，实际情况；事实
real adj. 真的；真实的；事实上的
really adv. 真正，实在，果真；实际上，事实上
11. robbery n. 抢劫案robberies (复数)
robber n. 强盗，盗贼
rob v. rob sb. of sth.
steal v. steal sth. from sb.
12. actual adj. 真实的，实际的
actually (adv.) = in fact = as a matter of fact
13. average-length 中等长度的
14. description n. 描述She gave us a description of him.
describe v. 描述He described his journey at full length.
15. People don’t see things the same way.
16. according to根据
17. in the end = finally = at last
18. in newspapers
on television
Unit 7
1. 询问性格个性的句型：--- What is sb. like? --- He/ She is + adj.
2. unfriendly – friendly – friend – friendship
3. mean adj.
①unkind, cruel, ★Don't be so mean to her!
②not generous ★He's too mean to buy a present for his wife.
mean v. 意味着，意思是
means方法，手段
by means of …依靠，借助于
Are there any means of getting there?
Scientists are working to devise a means of storing this type of power.
科学家们正在为发明一种储存这种动力的方法而工作。
4. wearing the blue sweater = in the blue sweater穿着蓝毛衣的
wearing the blue glasses = with the blue glasses
5. not that: not very or not as much as been said 不很，不那么
6. seem: v. 似乎
seem +adj.Gigi seems pretty joyful today.
seem +n.Mike seems (like) a gifted student in math.
seem +to do/ be…Josie seems to be a nice girl.
seem +as if / as though clause(从句) Jerry always seems as if he is a king.
7. have / make / keep a good balance between … and …
8. No way. = Definitely not / Impossible
9. That’s a tough one.adj. tough = difficult
10. Do you think of yourself as…?
11. total v. & n.
Let’s total your points.v. add up the numbers
T hat’s a total of …n. the final number added up
12. Answer the following questions. = Answer the questions as follows.
Unit 8
1. 询问天气的句型：--- What’s the weather like ? / How is the weather? --- It’s + adj.
2. hang out --- to spend time in a particular place usually not doing much or with particular people On weekends I just like hanging out with my friends.
3. collage [U, C] the art of making a picture by sticking pieces of colored paper, fabric, or
photographs onto a surface; a picture that you make by doing this
4. get on the bus
get off the bus
5. the whole time
6. go through: to look at or examine sth. carefully, especially in order to find sth.
1). I always start the day by ______ ________my email.
2). She _____ ________ the company’s accounts, looking for evidence of fraud (诈骗).
7. have fun doing sth.
8. for some reason--- for the reason that I don’t know or don’t understand
e.g. _____________, she didn't turn up.
9. If you get time, send me an e-mail. get time = have time
10. I check my messages every day.
11. Love to you and all the gang.
gang ---- a group of friends who meet regularly
The whole gang will be there.
Unit 9
1. go away Everybody went away.
2. not…at all He did n’t swim at all.
3. So everybody went on vacation but you?
but = except 用于否定词nobody, none, nowhere 等和疑问词who, where 等以及all, everyone, anyone 等之后. e.g.
Everyone was there but him.
Nobody but you could be so selfish.
Nothing but trouble will come of this plan.
4. Did you play volleyball and stuff?(非正式)类似,诸如此类
5. They have a house in the mountains.
7. be / get interested in sth. 对……感兴趣
8. be famous for 因……而著名
9. Seemed that you liked New York a lot.
= It seemed that you liked New York a lot.
= You seemed to like New York a lot.
10. Did you go anywhere else exciting?
不定代词+ adj.
11. except prep. 把……除外；不计；conj.除了；要不是，但是
Everybody except me looks down upon him. 除了我以外人们都瞧不起他。
except for 除……之外；若不是
Except for smoking and drinking, he is a thrifty man. 除了抽烟喝酒，他是个生活节俭的人。
Except for the gun, he did not look very dangerous.
除了那只枪以外，他看上去并不像危险人物。
except that 除了……之外，只可惜
I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.
我对他一无所知，只知道他住在隔壁。
These two pens are alike except that they’re different colors.
12. though
1. conj.
①. in spite of the fact that 虽然；尽管；即使（与although近义）
e.g. Though she gave no sign, I was sure she had seen me.
尽管她没有示意，我还是确信她看见我了。
②. used to add a fact or an opinion that makes the previous statement less strong or less important.
(用于主句后，引出补充说明，是语气变弱) 不过，可是，然而
e.g. I do have a problem though. 不过，我的确有一个问题。
I bought some cool things though.
不过我买了一些很酷的东西。
2. adv. (especially spoken) used especially at the end of a sentence to add a fact or an opinion that
makes the previous statement less strong or less important
(尤用于句末补充说明，是语气减弱)不过，可是，然而
e.g. Our team lost. It was a good game though. 我们队输了，可是这也不失为一场好球。
although与though的用法区别
1、用作连词
表示“虽然”，两者大致同义，可换用，只是 although 比 though 更为正式：
Though [Although] it was raining，we went there.
虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。
Though [Although] it was barely four o’clock, the lights were already on.
尽管才四点钟，灯已经亮了。
Though [Although] we are poor, we are still happy.
我们虽然穷，仍然很快活。
2、用作副词
although 一般不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词，且一般放在句末(不放在句首)，意为“可是”、“不过”：
It’s hard wor k; I enjoy it though. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。
He is looking fit, though. 但他看起来很健康。
You can count on him, though. 不过你可以指靠他。
3、用于习语
在 as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although：She closed her eyes as though she were tired. 她闭上眼，仿佛很疲劳似的。
We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing. 我们感到仿佛目击了整个这件事似的。
He is an honest man, I must say, even though I have opposed him.
尽管我反对过他，我还得说他是一个诚实的人。
She was always afraid of men, even though she had lots of boyfriends.
尽管她有很多男朋友，她总是害怕男人。
4、用于倒装
though 引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意：倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词)，但 although 一般不这样用：
Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷，但这东西还是买得起的。
Child though he was, he did quite well. 他虽是孩子，但干得很好。
重点词汇辨析
1. too much, too many, much too
too much + 不可数名词，表示“太多……”
We have too much homework to do this weekend. 我们这周末有太多作业要做了。
There is too much rain this year. 今天雨水太多了。
too many + 可数名词复数，表示“太多……”
Don’t eat too many hamburgers. They are not good for your health.
much too + adj./ adv. 表示“（某事物）太……”
2. other/ others/ the other/ another
other表其余的，别的，
Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?
others别的人，别的东西
In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是
美国人,其他的是法国人。
the other表另一个（二者之中）one…，the other…
One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.
我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。
another表三者以上的另一个，另一些
There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。
3. some/ any
(1)some和any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要
注意。
som e常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：
There is some water in the glass.
Is there any water in the glass?
There isn't any water in the glass.
(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们
依然用some。如：
Would you like some tea?
Would you like some more beer? 请你再来点啤酒好吗？
Could I have some rice, please? 请给我来点米饭好吗？
4. Let’s… /Let us…
Let’s… 和Let us… 都表示“让我们……”, 如果us 包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附
带问句用shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在内，其含义不同，Let us…的附带问句要用will you。例如：
Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我们（一起）去购物，好吗？
Let us play basketball, will you? （你）让我们去打篮球吧，好吗？
5. be good for…/ be good to …/ be good at…
be good for表示"对……有好处"，而be bad for表示"对……有害"；be good to表示"对……友好"，而be bad to表示"对……不好"；be good at表示"擅长，在……方面做得好"，而be bad/poor at表示"在……方面做得不好"。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。
Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。
The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。
Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。
6. each/ every
each和every都有"每一个"的意思，但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼，every从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。
We each have a new book.. 我们每人各有一本新书。
There are trees on each side of the street. 街的两旁有树。
He gets up early every morning. 每天早晨他都起得早。
each可以用作形容词、副词和代词；every只能用作形容词。
Each of them has his own duty. 他们各人有各人的义务。
They each want to do something different. 他们每个人都想做不同的事情。
7. another / the other
(1)another通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或物体。例如：
May I have another apple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗？
This coat is too small for me. Please show me another这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看看。
(2)the other通常指两者中的另一个。例如：
He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。
I have two brothers. One works in Xi’an . The other works in Beijing. 我有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另一个在北京工作。
8. neither/ either/ both
(1) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思为“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数.
Neither of the boys is from England.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。
Neither of the films is good.两部电影都不好。（没有一部是好的）
I know neither of them. 他们两个我都不认识。
neither用作形容词，也修饰单数名词，意思与作代词时相同；用作连词时，一般与nor 搭配，表示“既不…也不”。作主语时，谓语动词也遵循就近原则。
She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。
Neither he nor we play football on Sundays. 他和我们星期天都不踢球。
(2) either作代词时，是指两者中的任意一方,(两者之)每一个，故作主语时谓语动词用单数.
Either of the books is new.这两本书任何一本都是新的.
She doesn’t like either of the films.这两部电影她都不喜欢.
either作形容词, 用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时相同.
Either school is near my home. (这两所学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近.
Either question is difficult.两个问题(中的任何一个)都难.
either作连词时,一般与or搭配,表示两者选其一，意思是“不是…就是”。作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是对的。
Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来
看我。
(3)both作代词时，指的是所涉及到的“两者都”, 故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
I like both of the stories.这两个故事我都喜欢。
Both of my parents are teachers.我父母两人都是老师。
both作形容词时，用来修饰两者,意思与作代词时相同.
Both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤了。
Both these students are good at English. 这两个学生都擅长英语。
both用作连词时，多与and搭配，表示“既…又, 不仅…而且”, 作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形式。
Both piano and violin are my bobbies.钢琴和小提琴都是我的爱好。
They study both history and physics. 他们既学历史，又学物理。
9. either/ too/ also
(1)either用作“也”时是副词，常用于否定句句尾。
She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人，我也不是。
My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。
(2)too常用于肯定句或疑问句尾，表示“也”。
He likes China, too.他也喜欢中国。
Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年级吗？
(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑问句，但一般位于句中。
We are also students.我们也是学生。
He also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。
Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看吗？
10. none/ no one/ neither
(1) none既能指人，又能指物，意思是"没有一个，无一"，常用作代词，与of连用。
None of us has heard of him before.我们没有一个人以前听说过他。
I like none of the coats. 那些外套我一件都不喜欢。
none用作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。
None of the answers is true.没有一个答案是正确的。
None of the rooms are mine.没有一间房子是我的。
(2) no one只能用来指人，且不能与of连用。
No one is absent.没有人缺席。
I knew no one there.那里我一个人也不认识。
no one用作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。
No one agrees with you. 没有人同意你的说法。
(3) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思为"两者都不"，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Neither of the boys is from England. 这两个男孩都不是来自英国。
I know neither of them.他们两个我都不认识。
11. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；
forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比较：
I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。
I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。
类似的词还有：remember, regret等。
12. seem / look
(1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断，这种判断往往接近事实；look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如：
He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起来很高兴。
It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。
(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look：
1)后跟不定式to do时。如：
He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。
2)在It seems that ...结构中。如：
It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。
13. maybe/ may be
(1) maybe是副词，意思是“大概，也许”，常用作状语。
Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放在包里了。
“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.”“他明天来吗？”“也许不”。
(2) may be相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语，意思是“也许是…，可能
是…”。
It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于九点到达。
The man may be a lawyer. 那人也许是律师。
14. on the street / in the street
表示“在街上”时，on the street和in the street都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street. 例如：
We have a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子。
I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。
15. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little
(1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如：
He has many books.他有许多书。
He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。
(2)a few和a little都表示"有一点儿"，侧重于肯定，相当于"some"，但a few修
饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词，例如：
He has a few friends in London.他在伦敦有一些朋友。
Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝点咖啡好吗？好的，只要一点。
(3)few和little表示"几乎没有"，侧重否定。few后接可数名词，little后接不可数名词。
例如：
He is a strange man. He has few words.他是个怪人，他几乎不说什么话。
Hurry up, there is little time left.赶快，没什么时间了。
16. stop doing/ stop to do
(1) stop doing是指停止做某事，即doing这个动作不再继续。
They stopped debating.他们停止了辩论。（不辩论了）
He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red. 由于交通灯变成了红色，他不得不停车。
(2)stop to do是指停下来开始做另一件事，即停止原先的事，开始做do这个动作。
She stopped to have a rest.她停下来休息会儿。（开始休息）
They stopped to talk.他们停下来开始交谈。
17. except/ besides
(1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部
分的不同。
Everyone is excited except me.
除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动）
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）
(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”，
表示两部分的相似性。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English.
除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。（生物和英语都喜欢）
besides还可用作副词，意思是“此外；而且”，常用于句首或句尾。
He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.
他是一名伟大的思想家，除此以外，他还是一位政治家。
They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides.
他们不仅鼓励我，而且与我以金钱上的支持。
18. such/ so
(1)such常用作形容词，用来修饰名词。
Don’t be such a fool.别这么傻。
He is such a clever boy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。
(1)so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。
He is so kind! 他真好心！
Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚？
当名词前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少时，应该用so。
He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。
Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时间！
19. so that..../ so... that....
(1) so that....为了，以便。引导一个目的状语从句，从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一
个结果状语从句。如：
I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.
Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.
He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.
(2) so... that....既可引导一个结果状语从句，也可引导一个目的状语从句。
如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.
I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.
20. steal / rob
从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思；从搭配上来讲，steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：
He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.
They robbed the bank of one million dollars.
21. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.
hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：
I hear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。
I heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。
类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。
22. hard/ hardly
hard adj. 努力的；硬的；困难的；辛苦的；
After years of hard work, she has finally arrived in her field.
经过多年的努力工作之后她终于在她的领域功成名就了。
adv. 努力地；困难地；辛苦地；
Only you study hard can you get good results.
只有肯努力，才能得到好的学习成绩。
hardly adv. 几乎不，简直不
He hardly ever passes his exams. 他几乎从来没有通过考试。
I hardly comprehend her! 我简直不理解她！
23. There be/ have
There be "有"，其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是：There be + 某人或某物+ 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：
(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。
(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。
(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。
总之，There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：
(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。
(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。
24. above/ over/ on
这三个介词都表示“在……之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；
above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。试比较：
There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。
I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。
There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。
25. say / speak / talk / tell
say：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：
“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”
Please say it in English .请用英语说。
speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词(即后面不能直接接宾语) 。如：
Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况？
I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。
speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如：
She speaks English well.她英语说得好。
talk : 与speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词，不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：
I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。
Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。
tell: “告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：
He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。
tell a lie 撒谎
tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.
Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.
26. cost/ spend/ pay/ take
(1) cost一般用某物来做主语，表示“（某物）值…、花费…”，既能指花费时
间也能指金钱。
The new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行车花了我三百元。
It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整
一周时间。
cost还可以用作名词，表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等。
What’s the cost of this TV set? 这台电视机的成本是多少钱？
They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他们辛苦地工作换来的成功。
(2) spend一般用某人来作主语，表示“（某人）花费…，付出…”，也能指时间或金钱，指时间时常与in搭配，指金钱时常与on或for搭配。
We spent two days in repairing this machine.我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。
Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在书上。
(3) pay用作动词时，一般也以某人作主语，但一般指花钱、付款等，很少用来指花费时间。常与for搭配使用。
They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花了七十元买票。
He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他穷得交不起学费。
pay还可以用作名词，意思为“薪水、工资”等。
I t’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。
(4)take也指“花费(时间、金钱)”，但通常用某事、某物做主语，或用形式主语it.
How long will the meeting take? 会议要开多久？
It took me several hours to get there. 我花了几个小时才到那儿。
27. bring / take
Bring表示“带来、拿来”，指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take 则表示“拿去、带走”，它表示的方向与bring相反，指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如：Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。
Take some food to the old man. 给那位老人带去些食物。
28. take part in / join
take part in参加某种活动; join参加，加入某一政党或组织。例如：
Can you take part in my party.你能来参加我的派对吗？
We often take part in many school activities.我们经常参加学校里的一些活动。
He joined the party in 1963. 他1963年入的党。
My little brother joined the army last year. 我小弟去年参的军。
29. bad/ badly
这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思，且它们有共同的比较级worse和最高级
worst 。
(1)bad是一个形容词，意思是“坏的，糟糕的，差的，严重的”。
I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不认为他是一个坏人。
I had a bad headache.我的头疼得很厉害。
(2)badly是一个副词，意思是“不好地，差”，也可以表示程度，意为“严重地，非常，极
度”。
We need help badly.我们急需帮助。
His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊严重受伤了。
30. hear / hear of/ hear from
(1)hear的意思是"听见；听说，得知"，后面能接名词、代词或宾语从句。
We heard the news just a moment ago.我刚听说这个消息。
Can you hear me? 能听见我说话吗？
(2) hear of的意思是"听说"，一般指非直接的听见，而是听别人说的。后不能接宾语从句。
I have never heard of her.我从未听说过她。
They heard of the film long time ago.他们很久以前就听说过这部电影。
(3) hear from的意思是"收到来信"，与"听"无关。
I often hear from him. 我经常收到他的来信。
He hasn't heard from his mother for a long time.他很久没有收到妈妈的信了
31. get to/ arrive/ reach
(1) arr i ve后不能直接接地点，是一个不及物动词。若表示到达一个相对大的地点，用arrive in ; 若表示相对小的地点，用arrive at .
The delegation will arrive in China at 5:00 p.m.代表团将于下午5:00到达北京。
It was dark when they arrived at the railway station.当他们到达火车站的时候，天已经黑了。
When did she arrive here last time? 她上次是什么时候到这儿的？（副词前省略介词）(2) reach能直接接所到达的地点，是一个及物动词。
They reached London on Friday.他们星期五到达了伦敦。
The news only reached me yesterday.我于昨天才接到这个消息。
reach还有"伸手去取，伸手触及，联络"等意思。
Can you reach that apple on the tree? 你能够到树上的哪个苹果吗？
He can always be reached on the phone.可随时打电话跟他联系。
(3) get在表示"到达"时是不及物动词，应与to搭配使用。
We often get to school on foot.我们经常步行到学校。
They got to the top of the hill at noon.他们于中午到达了山顶。
32. fine, nice, good, well
四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：
(1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细"，形容人时表示的是"身体健康"，也
可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如：
Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。
That's a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器。
It's a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好时候。
(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别
人。例如：
Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。
These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。
Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。
It's very nice of you. 你真好。
(3)good形容人时指"品德好"，形容物时指"质量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通
用语。例如：
Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。
The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。
(4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好"，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在
所修饰的动词之后。例如：
I'm very well, thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。
My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。
33. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.
That’s right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如：
"I think we must help the old man.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人。"
"That's right."或"You're right.""说得对"。
That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如："Many thanks." "That's all right."
"Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."
All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”
"Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我。"
"All right.""好吧。"
Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗
34. in the tree/ on the tree
in the tree与on the tree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用on the tree.如：
There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。
There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。