中国农业科学院博士入学考试英语样题.-.20171027171850

中国农业科学院博士研究生入学考试英语样题

PART I Vocabulary and Grammatical Structure(25%)

Section A:Vocabulary(15points)

Directions:There are fifteen questions in this section.Each question is a sentence with something missing.Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one

word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark the corresponding letter with a

single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.

1.Studies on cats have helped______some of the abilities of our mysterious housemates.

A.lighten

B.obscure

C.illuminate

D.cherish

2.Lung cancer is the UK’s biggest cancer killer,______more than35,000lives a year.

A.saving

B.claiming

C.demanding

D.producing

3.Some stereotypes of the Chinese______in the United States because of the large number of

negative reports.

A.endure

B.vanish

C.insist

D.deteriorate

4.After the marathon race,some athletes are too______to answer the reporter’s questions.

A.wiped out

B.figured out

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9c10932232.html,id out

D.worn out

5.The good news is that more foreigners have come to______traditional Chinese medicine.

A.take in

B.believe in

C.turn in

D.get in

6.Treatments that______the immune system have shown great promise against some forms of

cancer.

A.proceed

B.erode

C.harness

D.precede

7.A year ago there were slightly more______than jobseekers,but now there are twice as many

openings.

A.vacuums

B.vacancies

C.vacations

D.vocations

8.Dogs seem to experience separation anxiety,which also indicates that they feel______to their

owners.

A.hostility

B.objection

C.reliance

D.attachment

9.Previous research has shown that there are immediate______benefits from eating chocolate.

A.cognitive

B.imaginative

C.creative

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9c10932232.html,petitive

10.A discovery into the genetic makeup of tumors may deliver therapies that are______to

individual patients.

A.entitled

B.affiliated

C.tailored

D.obliged

11.A major obstacle______English learning is the profound influence of the mother tongue.

A.for

B.on

C.to

D.over

12.As the vote will be______in favor of the Republican Party,Trump is getting near to the

presidency.

A.deliberately

B.overwhelmingly

C.conscientiously

D.crudely

13.It takes courage to______all the opposition to the decision to have these corrupt officials

arrested.

A.break down

B.turn down

C.let down

D.shut down

14.One choice has to______another when you are making a decision as to which college to

attend.

A.be oriented to

B.be indulged in

C.be coupled with

D.be weighed against

15.This company is constantly looking for ways to improve services______different customers.

A.on behalf of

B.in case of

C.by means of

D.with a view to

Section B Grammatical Structure(10points)

Directions:There are twenty questions in this section.Each question is a sentence with something missing.Below each sentence are four words,phrases or grammatical structures marked A,

B,C and D.Choose one that best completes the sentence.Mark the corresponding letter

with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.

16.About twenty years______since my parents bought this apartment in this city.

A.passed

B.has passed

C.is passing

D.have passed

17.She was so busy that she left the food______last evening.

A.untouched

B.being untouched

C.to be untouched

D.not touched

18.Despite his repeated attempt______this test,he has never succeeded.

A.of passing

B.that passes

C.to pass

D.passing

19.This book is not so important as______.

A.is said to be

B.what is said to be

C.are said to be

D.which is said to be

20.A college student______the four basic skills related to English learning.

A.need improving

B.needs to improve

C.need to improve

D.needs improving

21.Tom might have got the top score in physics______more careful.

A.he had been

B.had he been

C.if he were

D.if he is

22.My professor of biology is an amiable lady about twice______.

A.my age

B.so old as me

C.as my age

D.as old as my age

23.An individual,______,is entitled to some constitutional rights.

A.no matter rich or poor

B.however rich or poor

C.rich or poor

D.either rich or poor

24.A new library has been built in______used to be residential buildings.

A.where

B.which

C.that

D.what

25.Regular exercise can boost your immunity______helping you look younger.

A.when

B.while

C.during

D.as

26.What my supervisor said to me set me______.

A.thinking

B.to think

C.thought

D.think

27.There is a growing body of evidence______nuts can benefit human health.

A.which

B.whose

C.that

D.where

28.The first thing she has to do now is______to the manager.

A.apologizes

B.to apologized

C.apology

D.apologize

29.My mom was thirty years old the year______I was born.

A.which

B.X

C.in that

D.where

30.Couples who have lost their only child wish to have______child.

A.the second

B.second

C.a second

D.a secondary

31.The teacher tried to console this little girl,______her feel worse.

A.which making

B.only to make

C.but making

D.yet to make

32.It was______last weekend______I learned that she had been diagnosed with cancer.

A.at…when

B.no sooner…than

C.hardly…when

D.not until…that

33.We can find out more about______space via______Internet.

A.X…the

B.the…the

C.X…X

D.a…X

34.This bridge is believed______about800years ago.

A.to be built

B.having built

C.to have been built

D.being built

35.______in the1960s,my parents usually think differently from us.

A.Being born

B.Born

C.Having been born

D.To be born

PART II READING COMPREHENSION(30points)

Directions:In this part of the test,there are five short passages.Read each passage carefully,and then do the questions that follow.Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark

the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your

machine-scored Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Imagine a world without alcohol sponsorship of sport and without drinks ads on TV.You’re imagining France,the country with a heavy drinking rate one sixth that of Ireland.It’s a country where there is a genuinely sensible and mature approach to alcohol–with a range of regulations

for the alcohol industry.

To be certain,people drink in France–there is alcoholism and serious issues for public health there,just as in other societies where alcohol is available–but in France,the trend is downward and heavy drinking isn’t a group activity where getting drunk is the objective.

The drinks industry in Ireland is pitilessly efficient and deeply rational–like any multi-billion euro industry,knowing how to get people to drink more,how to grow a market,how

to cultivate the next generation of drinkers and how to put them on the value addition conveyor belt.

The economics of drinking is strikingly obvious.A massive diversity of products at a massively wide range of prices,with a staggering diversity of lifestyle messages and marketing approaches to segment and divide the market.We start with the young drinkers,who don’t have a whole lot of money–for young men there’re the thin aluminum can beers which promise European sophistication and precious metals.For the ladies there are the lighter alcopops and coolers,which promise to have one laugh uncontrollably into the night with your equally attractive mid-twenties friends,often with a three-for-two offer.

The next stage in the process is to get the drinker into the bottled beers and shift the ladies towards whiskey.In the summer,everyone is encouraged to dedicate time to quenching the thirst with juice–and to move on from there.At each life stage there is a higher-value drink product targeted at our aspirations and an encouragement to get some of the good life.

The drinks industry reminds us to tame our animal side with a trip to their website saying that

‘enjoying a drink may be part of Irish culture…’and,at the start of an article on the possible health benefits of cutting down on alcohol,states:“Lots of people associate moderate drinking with relaxation and fun.”

The drinks industry needs young drinkers–it cultivates drinkers as early as possible,but it cultivates partners and harvests goodwill as well.

36.Which of the following statements is true about France?

A.Sport can be sponsored by alcohol producers.

B.There are no TV commercials related to alcohol.

C.No one consumes an excessive amount of alcohol.

D.There are no strict regulations for the alcohol industry.

37.The underlined words in Paragraph3imply that the drinks industry in Ireland______.

A.tries to make money by illegal means

B.cares about the health of consumers

C.is good at boosting sales of alcohol

D.has enjoyed quite high productivity

38.Paragraph Four and Five are focused on______the drinks industry.

A.health benefits associated with

B.the economics employed by

C.the wide range of products of

D.various lifestyle messages from

39.The drinks industry has been working hard to increase its sales by______.

A.encouraging consumers to use the same drink product

B.telling consumers the truth about the harm of alcohol

C.matching each stage of life with a particular type of drink

D.targeting at young drinkers exclusively and relentlessly

40.The central idea of this passage is that in Ireland______.

A.alcoholism is a serious social problem t

B.the drinks industry cares about sales,not you

C.there is an abundant supply of drink products

D.people should learn from their French neighbors

41.The author’s tone in writing this passage is______.

A.ironic

B.supportive

C.appreciative

D.objective Passage Two

Julie Lythcott-Haims noticed a disturbing trend during her decade as the former dean of freshmen at Stanford University.Incoming students were brilliant and accomplished and virtually flawless,on paper.But with each year,more of them seemed incapable of taking care of themselves.

At the same time,parents were becoming increasingly involved in their children’s lives.They talked to their children multiple times a day and rushed in to personally intervene whenever something difficult happened.

Lythcott-Haims came to believe that parents in wealthy communities have been hindering their children by trying so hard to protect the children from any disappointment,failure and hardship.Such“over-helping”might assist children in developing impressive résumés for college applications,but it also deprives them of the chance to learn who they are,what they love and how to navigate the world,she argues in her book.

“We want so badly to help them by shepherding them from milestone to milestone and by shielding them from failure and pain.But over-helping is devastating,”she writes.“It can leave young adults without the strengths of skill,will and character that are needed to know themselves and to craft a life.”

“Don’t call me a parenting expert,”she said in an interview.“I’m interested in humans’thriving,and it turns out that over-parenting is getting in the way.”

She cites statistics on the rise of depression and other mental health problems among the young people.She has seen the effects up close:she lives in a community that,following a string of suicides in the past year,has undertaken a period of soul-searching about what parents can do to stem the pressure that young people face.

Her book tour is taking her to more school auditoriums and parent groups than bookstores. She tells stories about over-involvement and shares statistics about problems in young people, which she hopes will spark change in communities where helicopter parents are making themselves and their children miserable.

“Our job as a parent is to put ourselves out of a job,”she said.“We need to know that our children are able to get up in the morning and take care of themselves.”

And how can parents help their children become self-sufficient?Teach them the skills they’ll need in real life and make sure they practice those skills on their own.And have them do chores.“Chores build a sense of accountability.They build life skills and a work ethic,”she said.

42.According to this passage,many students failed to take care of themselves______.

A.because of excessive school assignments

B.due to low IQ and limited book knowledge

C.for lack of skills needed in real life

D.for lack of care and love from parents

43.Over-helping can possibly help children to______.

A.grow up more quickly

B.enter better colleges

C.take care of themselves

D.face up to failure or agony

44.The underlined word“devastating”in Paragraph Four probably means______.

A.harmful

B.indispensable

C.non-existent

D.beneficial

45.Which of the following is NOT true about Lythcott-Haims?

A.She has given many lectures on over-involvement.

B.She thinks over-parenting can drive human prosperity.

C.She believes over-involvement cause mental problems.

D.She hopes to see much less helicopter parenting.

46.Lythcott-Haims suggests that parents do the following EXCEPT______.

A.ask children to do chores

B.give children more freedom

C.quit jobs and stay at home

D.teach children life skills

47.This passage aims to explain______.

A.why helicopter parenting is ruining children

B.which is the best approach to parenting children

C.what children can learn from successful parents

D.how over-involvement can benefit children

Passage Three

Teams have become the basic building-blocks of organizations.Recruitment ads routinely call for“team players”.Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects.Office managers knock down walls to encourage team-building.Numerous companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on it,and restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.

Companies are abandoning functional silos and organizing employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products,problems or customers,with more power to run their own affairs and more time to work with each other rather than reporting upwards.A network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy.

However,teams are not always the answer—teams may provide more insight,creativity and knowledge,but teamwork may also lead to confusion,delay and poor decision-making.

It is noted that teams are hindered by problems of coordination and motivation that erode the benefits of collaboration.High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered.Groupthink may be unavoidable.Less than10%of the supposed members agree on who exactly is on the team.Agreeing on its purpose is harder.

Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage.Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture.This is hard to achieve when,as is now the case in many big firms,a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors.Teamwork improves with time:73%of the incidents in a civil-aviation database occurred on a crew’s first day of flying together.

Companies need to think harder about managing teams to keep teams small and focused.A new study finds that the best way to ensure employees are“engaged”is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.

However,organizations need to ask themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-building skills are in short supply:Deloitte reports that only12%of the executives understand the way people work together in networks and only21%feel capable of building cross-functional teams.Slackly managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction—employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or in noisy offices.Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.

48.It can be concluded from the first paragraph that______.

A.team players can easily enter better colleges

B.team building will probably be short-lived

C.team-building is getting increasingly popular

D.team players are likely to be business leaders

49.According to this passage,teams are characterized by______.

A.many functional silos

B.more efficient coordination

C.better decision-making

D.autonomy and collaboration

50.All the following statements are problems with teams EXCEPT______.

A.Team membership is hard to determine

B.Too many firms have a common culture

C.Individuals’abilities are ignored

D.Team building can be risky

51.The main idea of Paragraph Five is that______.

A.new pilots are more prone to accidents

B.teams are currently difficult to manage

C.a common culture is shared in big firms

D.teamwork depends on temporary contractors

52.The author argues in the last paragraph that______.

A.the number of teams should be increased

B.excellence mostly results from teamwork

C.different jobs require different teams

D.teams are not suitable for some jobs

53.This passage is primarily concerned with______.

A.the contributions of teams to companies

B.disadvantages of working in teams

C.different ways to improve teamwork

D.the reasons for the popularity of teams

Passage Four

On the surface,shopping online seems environmentally friendly:it eliminates car trips and carbon emissions.But what about the emissions from fleets of delivery vehicles bringing orders to houses?Delivery trucks also contribute substantially to the burden of PM2.5,which is associated with many effects on human health.

Researchers recently conducted a survey of downtown Newark residents’shopping habits and preferences to calculate the quantity of goods purchased online.They also used the information from delivery companies about the number of trucks on the road and the number of packages per truck to determine how many delivery trucks are required to distribute home shopping purchases.Finally,the researchers used transportation simulation software and data from

local transportation authorities to determine the effect of delivery trucks on the transportation network,focusing on an area of downtown Newark that includes a portion of the university’s campus.They conducted similar analyses in2001,at the dawn of the online shopping era,and again in2008.

Curiously,the2008data suggested that home shopping in Newark had grown by only14.8% since2001.That’s much less than the researchers predicted in their earlier study.It also contrasts with data from other researchers showing that internet shopping increased six-fold between2001 and2011.

This is an unexpected finding.However,a large proportion of their survey respondents were university students,and the convenience of internet shopping may appeal more to people who are running a household.Also,the researchers’latest data are from2008,which suggests that their study underestimates the effect of home shopping on the transportation network.

In any case,the researchers found that even though home shopping by residents of Newark grew more slowly than anticipated,traffic in2008was worse than they had predicted,for more home shopping purchases increase travel time,traffic delays,and vehicle emissions of the transportation network.

While some previous studies suggest that e-commerce is associated with lower carbon emissions than traditional retail,other researchers have warned of a“rebound effect,”which occurs when gains in efficiency merely stimulate new consumption.Something similar may be going on in Newark,the results suggest.

“We found that the total number of vehicles miles travelled hasn’t decreased at all with the growth of online shopping,”says study leader Arde Faghri.“This suggests that people are using the time saved by Internet shopping to do things like eating out at restaurants,going to the movies, or visiting friends.”

54.According to the first paragraph,the author______.

A.doubts the environmental friendliness of online shopping

B.believes in the benefit of online shopping to the environment

C.insists that delivery trucks can reduce the emission of PM2.5

D.associates online shopping with better human health

55.The ultimate goal of the survey mentioned in Paragraph Two was to______.

A.trace the effects of online shopping on transportation networks

B.calculate the total annual amount of goods purchased online

C.determine the number and load of delivery trucks for online purchases

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9c10932232.html,pare the difference in the data on online shopping

56.The unexpected finding mentioned in Paragraph Four refers to the finding that______.

A.many of the survey respondents were university students

B.housewives are normally more interested in online shopping

C.home shopping in Newark grew more slowly than anticipated

D.internet shopping increased six-fold between2001and2011

57.The researchers might have come to the conclusion that______.

A.online shopping has decreased the emission of greenhouse gases

B.people are cutting down on driving thanks to online shopping

C.the popularity of online shopping should be discouraged

D.online shopping fails to reduce traffic jam and carbon emissions

58.The results of the survey by Arde Faghri suggest that in Newark______.

A.a“rebound effect”is probably taking place

B.online shopping is being replaced by other entertainments

C.online shopping has reduced people’s daily spending

D.supermarkets or malls are gradually disappearing

59.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?

A.Current Trends of Online Shopping.

B.How Green Is Online Shopping?

C.Why Online Shopping Is Getting Popular?

D.Benefits of Online Shopping to Human Health.

Passage Five

Everyone in the UK seems to agree that recorded crime is decreasing.This is one of the arguments the government is using to justify its savage cuts in police budgets.All we have to do now is to get the police more efficient–working smarter,making better use of IT.Reduction in crime means we don’t need so many police officers.

This belief is based on a false premise.Recorded crime is declining,but that’s largely due to the fact that crime has moved from the physical world to cyberspace or the Internet:cybercrime is much safer and more appealing.The rewards are much greater,and the risks of being caught and convicted are vanishingly small.So if you’re a rational criminal with a reasonable IQ,why would you bother robbing people,breaking into houses,stealing cars and doing all the other things that old-style crooks do–and that old-style cops are good at catching them doing?

Each senior police officer believes that cybercrime has been at alarming levels but none seems confident that our law enforcement system can deal with it.These views are supported by the experiences of the5%of UK internet users who have been the victims of various cybercrime; they report a variety of responses–almost none of them helpful–from the local police forces to whom they turn for help.

One good reason is that the criminals are hard to identify or turn out to be operating abroad. Other reasons include bureaucratic inertia,lack of technical knowledge and a shortage of resources,which means that cybercrime receives lower priority than other,more urgent, responsibilities.Or simply the fact that officers often don’t take it seriously.

It’s exceedingly difficult to measure accurately,for a variety of reasons–the spectrum of wrongdoing,the fact that much of it is under-reported and widely distributed,and the high cost that includes not only the actual damage done,but the costs of self-protection and the costs of clearing up after an attack.And then there are the opportunity costs:for example,security software used by online merchants typically rejects4.3%of orders out of fear of fraud,even though many of those potential orders are in fact genuine.

The reality we face is that cybercrime is vast and flourishing.But do not expect to hear much about it in the election.What we actually need are more policemen on the net.

60.Police budgets will be cut down in the UK because of the belief that______.

A.recorded crime is declining

B.the police will become more efficient

C.high-technology will be used

D.cybercrime cases need fewer police officers

61.Paragraph Two is mainly concerned with______.

A.whether recorded crime is decreasing

B.how criminals commit crimes online

C.what is the risk facing cybercrime

D.why cybercrime is increasing

62.It can be concluded from Paragraph Three that______.

A.no one asks the police for help in case of cybercrime

B.cybercriminals have connections with the police

C.cybercrime has not been effectively tackled

D.the police have gained experience in fighting cybercrime

63.The rate of cybercrime is quite high in the UK for the following reasons EXCEPT______.

A.inefficient law enforcement agencies

B.fake ID cards used widely by criminals

C.limited expertise and resources

D.inadequate attention paid to cybercrime

64.Paragraph Five implies that online companies______.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9c10932232.html,pensate for customers’loss in case of cybercrime

B.are more vulnerable to the attack by cybercriminals

C.have paid much money for catching cybercriminals

D.may suffer financially from the security software

65.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this passage?

A.Good news–recorded crime is declining in the UK.

B.How high-tech is used in cybercrime.

C.These days crime doesn’t pay unless it’s done online.

D.The important role of the police in fighting crime.

PART III Cloze test(15points)

Directions:There are fifteen questions in this part of the test.Choose one suitable word or phrase marked A,B,C,or D for each blank in the passage.Mark the corresponding letter of the

word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your

machine-scored Answer Sheet.

Free schools are flourishing in the UK.More than400free schools have either opened or been approved to open across England___66___.These schools have been made___67___by the hundreds of teachers,parents and charities working in their own time to go through a___68___ application process to bring their___69___of a new school to life.___70___these schools proving so popular,parents and groups continue to come forward in significant numbers to set them up.The government’s___71___to expand the program with another new500schools is

___72___a logical next step.

Importantly these schools are already making a(n)___73___to the education of thousands of pupils around the country.Over70%of those inspected have been___74___good or outstanding

by inspectors,and___75___they are being opened where they are most needed.There are far more free schools in___76___local communities than in wealthy___77___.Obviously free schools can play a role in___78___the current shortage of school places.For free schools to continue to have the biggest___79___,they must be allowed to bring in new ideas and challenge existing schools in areas where low___80___have been accepted for far too long.

66.A.by far B.so far C.in turn D.at first

67.A.difficult B.impossible C.extinct D.possible

68.A.rigorous B.prosperous C.hazardous D.populous

69.A.myth B.attitude C.access D.vision

70.A.For B.With C.Among D.Despite

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9c10932232.html,mitment B.importance C.objection D.cancellation

72.A.in many ways B.on one hand C.by no means D.at one time

73.A.sacrifice B.impression C.influence D.difference

74.A.regarded B.judged C.operated D.decided

75.A.undesirably B.substantially C.critically D.notoriously

76.A.convicted B.deprived C.deserted D.invaded

77.A.neighborhoods B.lives C.merchants D.schools

78.A.addressing B.enhancing C.integrating D.intending

79.A.expense B.impact C.consequence D.conclusion

80.A.incomes B.spirits C.standards D.prices

PART IV Translation(15points)

Directions:Put the following passage into English and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.

中国学生在英语上花的时间比其他学科多得多，原因是英语学习需要泛读、经常复习

和高效方法。老师让学生做大量涉及多项选择的练习，结果忽视了培养英语的表达能力。这

种应试教育方式有许多不足之处。人们越来越重视英语口语，这与其说是坏事，不如说是好

事。

PART V Writing(15points)

Directions:

For this part,you are asked to write a composition of no less than200words under the title

of“Importance of Reading”.It is advisable to give convincing reasons to support your

argument.Stereotyped expressions or sentences,such as“last but not the least”,are to be

avoided,otherwise your score will suffer.Finish your writing on ANSWER SHEET2.

中国各部门的英文翻译

中国各部门的英文翻译-中国各机构英语翻译 信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC) 主席团Presidium 常务委员会Standing Committee 办公厅General Office 秘书处Secretariat 代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee 提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee 民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委员会Law Committee 财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee 外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee 教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs 特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions 宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution 中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China

2018年博士生入学考试英语参考答案

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