2018年6月英语六级考试真题及答案(第3套)

2018年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第3套)

Part I Writing (30minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on the importance ofbuilding trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate yourviews. You should write at least 150 words but n o more than 200 words.

______________________________________________________________ __________

______________________________________________________________ __________

______________________________________________________________ __________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)

说明：由于2018年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are require d to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the cor responding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through t he centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration. Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors andSpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and __ _26___ humans to live on otherplanets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has ___27___ comes from pr

actical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.

A lot of clever people are ___28___ about artificial intelligence, fearing tha t robots will oneday become so ___29___ that they'll murder all of us. These fears are mostly ___30___: aswith hysteria about genetic modification, w e humans are generally wise enough tomanage these problems with speed an d care.

And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, ___31___, belike having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that r equired ___32___intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk's imagined ma chine, at least someone to chopthe carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allowthe ___33___ user to save mon ey and time, freeing up ___34___ space in our busy lives toread a good book. That is why we welcome Mr. Musk's latest ___35___, and wish him well. As lo ng as robotsadd to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-classjournalism, we should be their fans. Especially since j ournalism is one job robots will neverdo.

A) amassed B) casual C) emotional D enabling E) eventually F) exaggerat ed G)extravagant H) generously I) misleading J) precious K) reward L) s mart M) sphere N)terrified O) venture

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statemen ts attached toit. Each statement contains information given in one of the par agraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You ma y choose a paragraph more thanonce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League school

A) As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into t he right college.I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. Ijuggled (尽力应

付) cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church's you thgroup and drama team. I didn't drink, party, or even do much dating. The ri ght college, Ithought, was one with prestige, one with a name. It didn't have to be the Ivy League, but itneeded to be a "top school."

B) Looking back now, nine years later, I can't remember exactly what it was a bout theseuniversities that made them seem so much better. Was it a curric

ulum that appeared more rigorous, perhaps? Or an alumni network that I h oped would open doors down the line?Maybe.

"I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition," notes M arybethGasman, a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylv ania. "I don'tnecessarily think that's a reason to go to one."

C) In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not to mention a bitsnobby. I quickly passed over state schools and southern school s, believing their curriculumsto be automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead, I dreamed ofliving in New York City and my p arents obliged me with a visit to New York University's (NYU)campus. During the tour, tuition fees were discussed.

(NYU is consistently ranked one of thecountry's most expensive schools, wit h room and board costs totaling upwards of $ 64,000 ayear.) Up until then, I hadn't truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Over thenext fe w months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn't e venafford the ones where I'd been accepted. City University of New York (CU NY), RutgersUniversity, and Indiana University were out of reach as were Miss issippi State and theUniversity of Alabama, where I would have to pay out-of-state fees. Further complicating mycollege search was a flourishing track car eer—I wanted to keep running but my timesweren't quite fast enough to sec ure a scholarship.

D) And so, at 11 pm on the night of Georgia State University's (GSU) midnigh t deadline, Iapplied online. Rated No.

466 overall on Forbes' Lists Top Colleges, No.

183 in ResearchUniversities, and No.

108 in the South, I can't say it was my top choice. Still, the trackcoach had offered me a walk-on spot, and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus a d ecent consolation prize after New York City.

E) While it may have been practical, it wasn't prestigious. But here's the thi ng: I loved my"lower-tier" (低层次的) university.

(I use the term "low-tier" cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded researc h institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all overth e country.) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools an d getting thebest grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future . But what if lower-tiercolleges and universities were the ticket to escaping th e rat race? After all, where else canyou leave school with a decent degree—b

ut without a lifetime of debt?

F) My school didn't come prepackaged like the more popular options, so we were left to takecare of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no onewas championing for us to succeed in. What I'm saying is, I loved my university because ittaught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.

G) I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded schola rship calledHOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally). When I started c ollege, the HOPEscholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered t o graduating high school seniorswith a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during highschool, supplemented by a sm all college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings ac count my parents created when I was born.

H) So what about all that name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues a nd competitorshave more glamorous alma maters (母

校) than I do. As a journalist, I have competed againstNYU, Columbia, and No rtheastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer hasever asked me about my educational background. In fact, almost every interview I've e verhad was due to a connection—one that I've gained through pure determi nation, not a school brand.

I) According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor's in 20

12 have anaverage monthly loan payment of $312, which is one-third more than those who graduatedin 2004. Ultimately, that's the thing universities do n't want to admit. Private universities aremoney-making institutions. If you ca n afford to buy prestige, that's your choice. For the restof us, however, our h earty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.

J) Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates: na mely, strongalumni networks, star faculty, and a résuméboost. But you nee dn't attend an Ivy Leagueschool to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the for mer CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis arealumni of my college, as well as VI CE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successfulpeople tend to be succ essful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools canhave alu mni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tie r schoolalumni networks are arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recog nize that you didn'tnecessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be m ore willing to offer career help,because your less famous school denotes that

, like them, you are also full of energy and perseverance.

K) The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, i n which collegegraduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12 th grade were compared tothose who applied to slightly less selective schoo ls. They found that students with more potential earned more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where theywent to school.

L) Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you'd expect. Big name s chools are notnecessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professor s split teaching time between multiple colleges and/or universities. This mea ns, for instance, a CUNY student couldreasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professoras they would if they we re enrolled in the same class at NYU.

M) It's possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational résumé, but it's no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in TheAtlantic, college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluatinggraduates for hire, beaten out by top fa ctors like internships, employment during college,college major, volunteer ex perience, and extracurriculars.

N) Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to suc ceed becausethey are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I co uld do it again, I'd still makethe same choice. Today I'm debt-free, resourcef ul—and I understand that even theshiniest packaging can't predict what yo u'll find on the inside.

36. Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.

37. The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expe nses and booksat college.

38. The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying tochoose a university to attend.

39. A recent study found that a graduate's salary is determined by their pot ential, not theuniversity they attended.

40. The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities app ear a lot better.

41. None of the author's job interviewers cared which college she went to.

42. The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious u niversity.

43. In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses. 44. The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expen sive.

45. Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s ome questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four cho ices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the cen tre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?

In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by theCensus Bureau, which found that average household income ros e by 5.2% in 2015.Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant pro blems with the Census's measure arethat:

1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided he alth insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precise ly measured,income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours ofwork needed to earn that income.

While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published articl e by CharlesJones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new mea sure of economic welfare.While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income,taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in workingtime, life expectancy, an d inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance bot h across countries and over time.

The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Su ppose we wantto compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and Fr ance in 2005.

In 2005, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France was only 60% ashigh as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economi cally much better off thanthe French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisuretime, life expectancy, and economic ine quality. The French take longer vacations and retireearlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumablyreflecting advant ages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income andc onsumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Bec ause of thesedifferences, comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s ove rstates the gap in economicwelfare.

Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97 % of U.S. levels, butestimates Mexican well-being at 22%.

The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance ov er time.According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. ha d the highest economicwelfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic we lfare in the U.S. has continued toimprove. However, the pace of improveme nt has slowed markedly.

Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare ismulti-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in pri nciple other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated-for exa mple, decreases in total emissions ofpollutants and declines in crime rates.

46. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?

A) It is based on questionable statistics.

B) It reflects the economic changes.

C) It evidences the improved-welfare.

D) It provides much food for thought.

47. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?

A) It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.

B) It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood.

C) It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income.

D) It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being.

48. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. interms of real consumption per person?

A) It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.

B) It neglected many important indicators of people's welfare.

C) It covered up the differences between individual citizens.

D) It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.

49. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?

A) It can accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems.

B) It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.

C) It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic impr ovement.

D) It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time.

50) What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being?

A) It is much better than that of their European counterparts.

B) It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.

C) It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.

D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s. Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

If you've ever started a sentence with,

"If I were you..." or found yourself scratching yourhead at a colleague's agon y over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's ascientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over thec ourse of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone elseis an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls. The problem is "decision fatigue," a psychological phenomenon that take s a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making, sa ys Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.

Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so. "Presumably it's because it'ssimple and easy to write a prescription and con sider a patient case closed rather than investigate further," Polman says. But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for som eone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their ow n choices as belonging tosomeone else, they feel less tired and rely less on d ecision shortcuts to make those choices.

"By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not

suffer theconsequences of decision fatigue," he says.

"It's as if there's something fun and liberatingabout making someone else's c hoice."

Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought pr ocess; it oftenalso includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it c an be quite good, says Polman.

"When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making ch oices—theyhave a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状)," he says.

"But the status quocan be problematic, since a change in the course of acti on can sometimes be important andlead to a positive outcome."

In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is al most always essential.

"People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do not hingover something," he says,

"That's not to say that risk is always good, but it is related totaking action9w hereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagri n(懊

恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfo rtunatelyhindered."

Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do th e same foryourself, Polman cautions.

"Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries forothers than the y do for themselves," he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.

51. What does the author say about people making decisions?

A) They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselve s.

B) They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselve s.

C) They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.

D) They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.

52. What does the example about the physicians illustrate?

A) Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.

B) Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients' health.

C) Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.

D) Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.

53. When do people feel less decision fatigue?

A) When they take decision shortcuts.

B) When they help others to make decisions.

C) When they have major decisions to make.

D) When they have advisers to turn to.

54. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?

A) They turn to physicians for advice.

B) They tend to make risky decisions.

C) They adopt a totally new perspective.

D) They refrain from trying anything new.

55. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?

A) It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.

B) It is likely to entail serious consequences.

C) It will enable people to be more creative.

D) It will more often than not end in regret.

Part IV Translation (30minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage fr om Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.

自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。如今，随着城市交通拥堵和空气污染日益严重，骑自行车又开始流行起来。近来，中国企业家将移动互联网技术与传统自行车结合在一起，发明了一种称为共享单车（shared bikes）的商业模式。共享单车的出现使骑车出行更加方便，人们仅需一部手机就可以随时使用共享单车。为了鼓励人们骑车出行，很多城市修建了自行车道。现在，越来越多的中国人也喜欢通过骑车健身。2018年6月六级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

Part Ⅰ Writing

The Importance of Building Trust BetweenBusinesses and Consumers

Today, in the context of this era featured by increasing commercialization an d digitalization,mutually-trusted relations between businesses and consumers appear to be particularlyimportant.

As for me businesses should take a leading role in establishing the trust relati onship: to behonest with their consumers.Firstly, if a business has a dishones t attitude toward itscustomers, the customers will lack purchasing confidenc e in its goods or services, which willbring huge economic loss to the business.

What's worse, the adverse side effect of such dishonesty can endanger th e business and it is impossible to recover. The collapse ofSanlu Milk Powder Company is a testament to this. Moreover, the incident of poisonous milk h as exerted devastating consequences on the whole milk powder market. Be sides,because of the proliferation of counterfeit goods, more consumers lose confidence in domestic products,and then they have no alternative but to resort to foreign brands, whichis one reason why cross-border online shoppi ng is gaining more and more popularity inChina.

Therefore, it is high time for us to strengthen the importance of maintaining trust betweenbusinesses and consumers to promote the healthy developmen t of the whole social economy.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

说明：由于2018年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35: DANLF ECBJO

36-45: JGCKB HNAEI

46-55: ADBDC ACBDA

Part IV Translation

Bicycle used to be the leading means of transportation in China's cities and villages, andChina was once called "the Kingdom of Bicycles". Nowadays, with traffic congestion and air pollution becoming more and more serious in cities , riding a bicycle is becoming popular again. Recently, China's entrepreneurs have combined mobile Internet technologies withbicycles and invented the bu siness model of bike-sharing. The appearance of shared bikeshas made it m ore convenient for people to get around, and people can ride bikes at anytim e only with the help of a mobile phone. To encourage people to travel by bik e, manycities have built bike lanes. Now, more and more Chinese people like exercising by ridingbikes.