2015年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题

及答案解析

Section I Use of English

Directions：

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with — or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.

It’s a sad reality —our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings —because there’s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, 3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the 4 : “Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?

One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as “weird”. We fear we’ll be 7 . We fear we’ll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . “When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, “not a single person reported havi ng been embarrassed.”

18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without

communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It’s that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.

1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record

2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much

3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought

4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign

5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from

6. [A] misinterpreted [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched

7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed

8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar

9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry

10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn

11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring

12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay

13. [A] lecture [B]conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation

14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers

15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design

16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride

17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up

18. [A] In turn [B]In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence

19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas

20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better a t work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home,

whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for worki ng women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues — your family — have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with co mplete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home ______.

[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation

[B] generated more stress than the workplace

[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement

[D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace

22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?

[A] Working mothers [B] Childless husbands

[C] Childless wives [D] Working fathers

23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that ______.

[A] they are both bread winners and housewives

[B] their home is also a place for kicking back

[C] there is often much housework left behind

[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office

24. The word moola (Paragraph 4) most probably means ______.

[A] energy [B] skills [C] earnings [D] nutrition

25. The home front differs from the workplace in that ______.

[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment

[B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

[C] household tasks are generally more motivating

[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded

Text 2

For years, studies have found that first-generation college students — those who do not have a parent with a college degree —lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has creat ed “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis — that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact — was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the clas s advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve.

26. Recruiting more first-generation students has ______.

[A] reduced their dropout rates [B] narrowed the achievement gap

[C] missed its original purpose [D] depressed college students

27. The author of the research article are optimistic because ______.

[A] the problem is solvable [B] their approach is costless

[C] the recruiting rate has increased [D] their findings appeal to students

28. The study suggests that most first-generation students ______.

[A] study at private universities

[B] are from single-parent families

[C] are in need of financial support

[D] have failed their college

29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students ______.

[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap

[B] can have a potential influence on other students

[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects

[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

30. We may infer from the last paragraph that ______.

[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class

[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources

[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences

[D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

Text 3

Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachu ted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”

Koehn p ointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented — and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports — in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”

These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning —and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khu rana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly

loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work — and how your work defines who you are.

31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become ______.

[A] more emotional [B] more objective

[C] less energetic [D] less strategic

32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to ______.

[A] historical incidents [B] gender difference

[C] sports culture [D] athletic executive

33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to ______.

[A] revive historical terms

[B] promote company image

[C] foster corporate cooperation

[D] strengthen employee loyalty

34. It can be inferred that Lean In ______.

[A] voices for working women

[B] appeals to passionate workaholics

[C] triggers debates among mommies

[D] praises motivated employees

35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

[A] Managers admire it but avoid it

[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense

[C] Companies find it to be fundamental

[D] Regular people mock it but accept it

Text 4

Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now

it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.

However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.

Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from is year ago level.

We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.

The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.

However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.

36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?

[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.

[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.

[C] The possibility of full employment.

[D] The acceleration of job creation.

37. Many people work part-time because they ______.

[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.

[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.

[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.

[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.

38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US ______.

[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.

[B] shows a general tendency of decline.

[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.

[D] is lower than before the recession.

39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, ______.

[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance

[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance

[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members

[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance

40. The text mainly discusses ______.

[A] employment in the US [B] part-timer classification

[C] insurance through Medicaid [D] Obamacare’s troubl e

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading fro m the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).

There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANS WER SHEET. (10 points)

[A] You are not alone

[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life

[C] Pave your own unique path

[D] Most of your fears are unreal

[E] Think about the present moment

[F] Experience helps you grow

[G] There are many things to be grateful for

Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.

When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along

the way.

41. ___________________

Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.

42. ___________________

If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.

43. ___________________

Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.

44. ___________________

No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.

45. ___________________

Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.

Section III Translation

46. Directions:

Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.

This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.

The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.

Section Ⅳ Wrtting

47. Directions:

Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to

1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and

2) call for volunteers.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your name or the name of your university.

Do not wri23te your address.(10 points)

48. Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

我国某市居民春节假期花销比例

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题

参考答案

试题解析

Section I Use of English

2015年英语二完形填空是一篇选自Huffington Post（霍芬顿邮报）名为"This Is Why You Ignore Everybody On The Subway --And Why You Should Stop"的文章。该文章主要讲述如今乘坐地铁，所有人都低头玩手机而不与他人交流，该文探讨了其中的原因——人们害怕被拒绝。而文中描述的一个实验：去和陌生人交流。表明主动和别人交流没人会冷落你的。2015年完形难度不大，主要考察考生对文章的理解，所考察的词汇较为常见或者是固定搭配。

1.【C】此句的意思是：人们总是摆弄（fiddle with）手机，即便是地下没。根据even without（即便没有）和underground（地下，指地铁里）可推断是"即便地铁里没信号"，C项符合题意。

2.【D】此句意思是：不和陌生人交流是件悲哀的事，因为和别人交流我们会收获根据句意，应为D项。

3.【C】此题难度较大。题意是：我们不会知道这些东西，我们只是手机。根据句意，这里应该是表示"玩手机，扎进手机里"。

D项 plug into sth"①连接电源；②使用电脑或者电子设备"。

4.【A】此题可为固定搭配

send the message（发出这样一种信息）。选择A项。

5.【C】此处选项 A、C、D都能和 hide搭配。

hide under藏在…下面；

hide from sb隐瞒，不让某人知道；

hide behind躲在…的后面。由题意可知，选择C项。

6.【A】此题句意：我们担心我们无恶意的搭讪会被变态。根据innocent（无恶意的）和creepy（变态的）可知，我们担心被 misinterpreted（误解）。

7.【B】此题句意：我们害怕被人选项

A、B、C、D的意思分别是"开除；评论，品头论足；替代；推迟"，很显然选择B项。

8.【D】根据题意可知陌生人对于我们是 D项"不熟悉的"。

9.【B】根据前一句和常识可判断，我们会陌生人聊天会…

B"焦虑"。

10.【D】固定搭配。

D项 turn to sb/sth"转向，求助于"；

C项 take to"喜欢上，养成…习惯"。

11.【A】此题句意：手机是我们的快乐护身，保护我们不受我们认为是的伤害。由单词protect可知，此处应为D项"危险的"。此处的happy glasses较为难理解。见注释1。

12.【A】上文提到"人们害怕被人拒绝，被人品头论足而不和陌生人讲话，只能转而躲在手机后面，手机成了我们的保护壳"，此题前面一句是"撕下手机这个创可贴，把它收进口袋，抬起头来"。A、B、C和D项分别是"伤害；抵抗；弯曲；腐烂"，而so bad是副词"很"，根据题意，选择A项"很伤人"。

13.【B】根据前文和后面一句"让乘火车的人向其他乘客讲话"可知，这里是A项"交谈"。

14.【D】fellow表示"同伴；同类的"，由题意可知，这两位研究者让乘客向其他"乘客"开口交谈。

15.【C】根据句意，首先可排除B项"选择"和D项"设计"。而根据下文中"if"可知，他们还并未开始向其他乘客交谈，所这里应为 A项"预测"。

16.【D】单词辨析题：

A为"航行"；

B为"航班；飞行"；

C为"步行"；

D为"乘车，路程"。选择D项

17.【A】词组辨析：

A项 go through with sth"完成，进行到底"；

B项 do away with sth"消除，废除"；

C项 catch up with sth"赶上，追赶"；

D项 put up with sth"忍受"。选择

A项正确。

18.【C】由前文可知，人们普遍认为"乘车玩手机，不和别人交流比较好"，而下一句描述的情况却相反，所以选择A项"实际上"。

19.【B】根据前一句"交流是绝对有意义的"，而后面是"人的成功要借助社会关系"，因而这里是一种"因果关系"，选择 B项。

D项whereas表示两种情况的对比，等于while。

注释1：此处的happyglasses是作者创造的词，它是模仿rose-tintedglasses而来的。rose指玫瑰色，tint是指染色，字面意思：涂了玫瑰色的眼镜，所以看到的一切东西都是玫瑰色），rose-tinted glasses含义是"只看好的一面，过于乐观"（2014年英语二text 2出现过rosetint）。同样地 happy glasses字面意思是"快乐眼镜"，实际意思是"保持积极乐观的态度"，翻译成"快乐护身"比较符合题意。

20.【B】最后一句是总结上面所说的——就这么：与陌生人交谈能使你觉得你和别人还是有联系的。根据题意，应该为就这么简单。选择B项。

Section II Reading Comprehension

PartA

Text1

原文标题：

Why You're More Stressed at Home Than Work

来源：Time（时代周刊）

此文主要探讨"人们在家要比在工作场合压力更大"这一研究发现展开，并指出上班女性在家压力更大以及其原因。文章难度不大，题目答案在文中都可以找到。命题人对该篇的改动和删减较小，对考生理解不会造成影响。

21.【D】从第一段第一句" A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work"（一份新的研究表明，和大多数调查相反，事实上人们在家比在工作中压力更大）可知，之前的研究认为"在家比工作场合的压力要小"，反过来就是D项"家比工作场合更让人放松"。

B项是新研究的发现，不是之前的研究发现；

A项"家是个放松的地方，这不现实"，这也是新研究的发现。

C项"家是测量压力的理想场所"，这不是研究发现。

22.【B】从第二段第三句" It is men,not women,who reportbeing happier at home than at work"（称自己在家比在工作时更开心的人是男性而不是女性）和最后一句 "Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents"（另一个让人惊讶的事是这个发现对有孩子的和没孩子的夫妇来说都成立，不过对于没孩子的夫妇来说要更成立）可知"男性在家要比女性快乐"，而"没孩子的父母比有孩子的要快乐"，所以B项"没孩子的男性在家最快乐"正确。

23.【A】从第三段倒数第二句

"And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-withhousehold tasks"（而对于在外面有工作的女性来说，她们下班后赶忙做落下的家务活）可知A正确。

工作的妇女回家后要"做落下的家务"，所以B项"家是女性放松的地方"错误；C项"常常有家务活落在后面"，只提及了有工作的女性的一个角色，所以错误；根据" Forwomen who stay

home, they never get to leave the office"（对于呆在家中的女性来说，她们从来就没真正离开过她的办公室——家）可知，D项"她们很难离开自己的办公室——家"描述的是在家的妇女，而不是有工作的女性

24.【C】该题较为简单。根据前一句"working, making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income"（工作，挣钱，做能让其获得收入而必须做的任务）可知，moola应该是 C项" income"。

25.【B】根据第五段第一句" On the home front, however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out"（然而，在家中人们这种"有劳有得"的观念并没那么清晰。很少有家庭能把家务制定的不近人情和井井有条）

B项 clear-cut"清楚的，明确的"；A项"家是一个更为舒适的工作环境"，本文所描述的是对比家和工作场合哪个压力更大，并未提及A项内容。根据第三句"Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor"（你在家里的同事——你的家人——做了活也得不到明确的奖赏）可知D项"做家务常常会受到足够的奖励"错误。根据"There are a lot of tasks to be done;there are inadequate rewards for most of them"（有很多家务活要做，但是做这些家务大都得不到足够的奖赏）可知C项"家务活总体来说让人有动力"错误。

Text 2

原文标题：An Hour Makes a Difference（一小时交谈创造不同）

本文讨论第一代大学生与其他大学生之间的成就差距，以及造成这种差距的原因和解决办法。命题人删减了其中的一段，总体上比较完整，基本符合考研英语命题要保持文章完整性的要求。题目答案都可在文章找到。

26.【C】根据"This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then... means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap...."（这就造成了一个"怪圈"——招录第一代大学生……这就意味着高等教育继续在催生和扩大基于社会阶级的成就差距，而不是缩小它）可知，C项招录更多的第一代大学生"未能实现其初衷"正确。

B项错误，而A和C项未提及。

27.【A】根据" But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem"（但是这篇文章实际上非常乐观，因为它为此问题简单画了一个可能的解决办法）可知A项"这个问题是可解决的"正确；

B项"该方法是无成本的"，而文中所说的是" which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program"（该方法涉及一个几乎无成本的交流一小时计划）；文中作者乐观是就"成就差距"这一问题而言的，与C项"第一代大学生招录率已经上升"并不是一回事，排除C项。D项未提及。

28.【C】根据"Most of the first-generation students were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need"（大多数第一代大学生（ 59.1%）拿过佩尔助学金，这是一个为需要经济帮助的本科生设立的联邦助学金）可知 C项正确。

A和B项均未提及。第一段提到"Their grades are lower and their drop out rates are higher"（他们考试分数比其他学生低，辍学率比他们高）并不能说明D项大多数人"未能完成学业"。29.【D】根据" the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the sues that face most college students"（这样一个观点：第一代大学生最缺乏的或许不是潜能，而是如何应对大多数大学生都面临的问题的实际知识）可知D项"在处理大学里面临的问题方面经验不足"正确。

A项"他们实际上对成就差距不关心"与"Many first-generation students struggle to navigate the middle-class..."（许多第一代大学生"奋力想通晓高等教育的…）所描述的不符。

B和C项未提及。

30.【D】根据" And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students"（但在大学不谈不同群体的大学生的阶级优势和劣势的情况下，成就差距就更成了一个问题）可知D项"大学对文中所讨论的问题（成就差距）部分负有责任"正确。根据" the middle-class culture of higher education"（高等教育的中产阶级文化）可知，A项"大学常拒绝中产阶级文化"错误。B项未提及。根据" because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students'educational experience"（因为美国的学院和大学很少承认社会阶级如何能影响学生的教育经历这一问题）可知C项"社会阶级极大地有助于丰富教育经历"错误，文中只用的了" affect"。

Text 3

原文题目：The Life Hackers

来源：The Atlantic（大西洋月刊）

本文探讨的是"美国企业界口号的新变化"，即办公室用语变得比以前更有感染力。文章的话题比较宏观，文中提到的许多东西需要有相应背景知识才能理解。原文一共7段，命题人删除了原文倒数第二和第三段。一定程度上影响考生对原文的理解，尤其是最后一段稍显突兀。本文的难点在于文中第五段的"mommy wars"和Lean In这本书。这需要读者对这二者有很强的理解力，否则34题很难做对。

31.【A】根据第一段第一句" the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained"（即便是在传统的办公室，"美国企业界的通行口号也已变得比20年前更有感染力和更有创造力"）可知A项正确。

32.【C】根据第二段第一句" Let's not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America,it's still a big deal"（可别忘了体育运动——在男性主导的美国企业界，体育中的团队精神还是很

重要的）可知C项正确。

33.【D】根据第三段第一句" These terms are also intended to ....increase allegiance to the firm"（这些词语也意在…提高员工对企业的忠诚）可知D项"增强员工忠诚度"正确。

A项"让过去的用语再流行起来"；C项"培养企业间合作"；B项"提升公司形象"。

34.【A】此题难度较大。需要考生对文章背景和Lean In一书有所了解。根据"The "mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today,prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In...."（20世纪90年代上班妈妈和全职妈妈间就育有孩子的妇女是该继续上班还是做全职太太这一问题爆发的"妈妈间的论战"今天还在继续，论战引发了人们对（Anne-Marie Slaughter的文章）《妇女为什么不能工作与家庭两不误呢？》和诸如Sheryl Sandberg的《向前一步》等书的热议）可知，C项"在妈妈间引起争论"并不是这本书引起的，而是" mommy wars"。该书是在"有孩子的妈妈是该在家带孩子还是该去上班"这一争论的背景下产生的，而且该书《向前一步》的标题也表明作者赞成有孩子的女性也可以出去工作，所以选择A项"为有工作的妈妈发声"。B项"对有激情的工作狂有吸引力"和D项"赞扬有动力的员工"无法体现。

35.【D】根据第五段第一句" but managers love it"（经理们喜欢它）可知 A项"经理们崇拜它但避免它"错误；B项"语言学家认为它是扯淡"文中未提及语言学家的观点。

C项"企业发现它有根本性作用"与文中"companies depend on it"不一致；

D项"普通人嘲笑它却接受它"，可从" Everyone makes fun of it"（人人都都拿它开玩笑）和"regular people willingly absorb it"（普通人乐意学习和消化它）推断出。

Text4

原文标题：The Good News About Obamacare in the June Jobs Report

本文主要论述了美国就业问题，重点探讨了自愿和非自愿兼职就业的情况，并指出这种情况与奥巴马医改法案的关系。本文难度中等，要求读者对奥巴马医改法案的有一定的了解。原文一共13段,命题人对原文删减较多，删去了原文后面6段。但这并不影响答题，大多数题目答案可以从文中推断出来。

36.【B】根据第二段中" However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time"（然而，就业形势中的另一重要部分很大程度上被忽视了。称自己自愿兼职的人的数量激增了）可知，答案为B。

37.【C】根据第三段"Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get"(许多做兼职工作的人实际上想得到全职工作，他们之所以兼职是因为这就是他们所能找到的)可知，答案为C项"无法得到全职工作”。

A项"与全职相比工作，他们更喜欢兼职工作"和B项"觉得兼职足够用维持生计"都未提及。

D项"未领会到劳动力市场的疲软"无法推断出。

38.【B】根据第四段第一句" There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down"（6月份非自愿兼职者的人数增加了，但总的趋势一直都是下降的）可知答案为B。

A项"非自愿兼职就业比一年更难得到"无法推断出。根据"An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet"（……这也意味着许多人将会在维持生计方便遇到困难）可知C项"满足了他们实际需求"错误。

D项"比经济衰退前要低"错误，文中表述为" Involuntary part-time employment

is still far higher than before the recession"（非自愿兼职就业的人数依然要比经济衰退前的水平高）。

39.【B】根据第六段第一句" The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment"（自愿兼职这一问题和奥巴马医改法案息息相关是因为奥马巴医疗法案的主要目的之一就是允许不就业也能有医保）可知A项"有了奥巴马医改法案兼职者得到医保就不再容易了"错误。根据第七段最后一句" With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and nsurance"（但有了奥巴马医改法案，医保跟就业再也没什么联系了）可知D项"全职就业是得到医保所必须的"和C项错误， B项"就业再也不是得到医保的前提了"正确。

40.【A】本文第一段讲述了美国的失业率下降，就业率上升，其次讲述就业率中的自愿兼职就业和非自愿兼职就业，解释了就业和奥巴马医改法案之间的关系。本文的讨论的核心还是就业问题，即 A项。

B项"兼职者的分类"只是文中第五段的内容，不足以概括全篇。而C项"通过医保方案交易所获得医保"只是奥巴马医改法案的部分，不是本文重点讨论内容。D项"奥巴马医改法案的麻烦"未提及。

PartB

原文标题：9 Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times

本文整体难度较低，每个小标题的答案均比较好找，并且生词较少。答题难度低于2012年、2013年和2014年的题目难度。

41.【D】根据本段的第一句"Fear is both useful and harmful"（恐惧既有好处又有害处）可知本段围绕"fear"来描写的，而最后两句 "‘Danger is very real.But fear is a choice.'Ido completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination"（"危险是真实的事物，但恐惧只是一种选择"我完全同意恐惧只是我我们自己丰富想象力的产物这一观点）可知该题小标题为D项"你的大多数恐惧都是不真实的"。

42.【E】从本段第一句"If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about past,

try to focus on the present moment."（如果你被各种问题包围并且禁不住想过去的事，那么尝试下把注意力集中到当下）以及后面对" the past"、" the future"、" the present moment"的对比描写可知，本段主要描写E项"思考当下"。

43.【G】本段一共三句话，根据第二句"You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciatethe things you have"（你很容易就会被生活上的问题所挟持而忘了停下脚步和感恩你所拥有的东西）可知G项"我们要对许多事情心怀感恩"为正确小标题。

44.【A】根据本段第一句" ....you should always remember that you are not alone"（…你都应该记住你不是一个人）可知 A项"你不是一个人"符合。

45.【C】本段主要讲述我们在做决定时总会征求别人意见，这就贬低了自己的意见，我们应当相信自己的决定。根据" When you are struggling to achieve something

important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best"（当你在奋力想做成某项对你很重要的事时，你应当相信自己，并且坚信你的决定就是最好的）可知C项"走你自己的路"最为与本段最为契合。

Section Ⅲ

Translation

本文原标题： The Well-Travelled Road Effect:Why Familiar Routes Fly By

本选段主要讲述" well-traveled road effect"（熟路效应），难度不大，比2013年和2014年英语二稍简单，并无长难句或者太难单词或短语。整体上符合考研英语二的命题思路。第一段中like the back of your hand（对…非常熟悉）考生可能不太明白，但根语境可大致可以猜出来。下面是名师提供的译文。

想想在一条你非常熟悉的路线上开车是什么感觉。这路线可能是你上下班、进城或者回家的路线。但不管是哪种路线，你对这条路上的每一个弯曲处和转弯处都了如指掌。在这样的车途中，人们很容易在开车时注意力不集中，并且不太关注车所经过的风景。结果是，你觉得车途时间比实际的要少。

这就是"熟路效应"：人们往往会低估在熟悉的路线上开车所花的时间。

这种效应是由我们分配注意力的方式导致的。当我们沿着一条熟悉的路开车，时间似乎过得很快，因为我们不用太集中精力。当我们随后来回顾这段车程时，我们却不太记得了，因为我们当时并没有太注意。所以我们觉得车途时间要比实际的短些。

Section Ⅳ

Writing

PartA

解析：

小作文题目是：你的学校要给高中生组织一次夏令营，你写一个通知。简介夏令营的活动并招募志愿者。

范文

Notice

The Students’ Union is arranging a summer camp for high school students to broaden their horizon and experience different life. The camp is scheduled on July 15th and will end on July

22nd.That is to say, it will last for about one week and the theme is Loving Your Country, Loving the World.

Different kinds of activities are included during the camp, like knowledge competition, patriotic songs contest, drama contest and so on. As some foreign students will also attend the camp, some volunteers are needed. Volunteers should be those who are good at oral Enlgish and also take an active part in activities.

If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.

the Students’ Union

PartB

解析：

2015年英语二大作文为饼状图作文，标题为"我们某市居民春节花销比例"，图中列明了"交通"、"聚会吃饭"、"新年礼物"和"其他"各项占比，题目要求解读图表并评论。

写作思路：考生先简要介绍图表内容，其次解读各个方面的占比的原因，重点说明新年礼物占比最大的原因，最后总结。

难点：交通的表达，某些著名机构将其翻译为"traffic"，实际上是中式英语，这里的交通应为"交通费用，车票"的意思，应为单词" fares"；聚会吃饭表达是" dinner parties"或" eating out"。注意用词和句型的多样性。比如，开销可以在作文中用" expense","spending"，"expenditure"和" the money spent"等。

范文一：

This pie chart shows where the spending of residents in an unnamed city goes during the spring festival. The chart is divided into categories: dinner parties, fares, new year gifts and others. Dinner parties and fares,which refers to the money spent on traffic tickets, both account for 20% of people's expense,while new year gifts comprise 40% of the money they spent.

As far as I am concerned, it is hardly surprising that gifts make up a significant portion of a person's spending. During the spring festival, the most important festival in China, nearly all people who work or live far away from their home will return home to unite with their family and celebrate the festival. So buying new year gifts for their children, parents or relatives is an important part of the

new year celebration. Eating out or holding dinner parties where old friends will gather and chat is also necessary or unavoidable during that period. Generally speaking, people will spend more during the spring festival, with gifts being the largest portion of their spending.

范文二：

The pie chart provides some interesting data regarding the family expense of urban residents during Spring Festival in our country. As is shown above, the family expense during the holiday is mainly used for gifts by accounting for 40 percent, followed by transportations and get-together which both takes up 20%.

Obviously, there are three reasons down to the most expense used for buying presents. To begin with, Chinese people are changing their lifestyle and more likely to enjoy a lifestyle of communication during holidays, which may add more flavor to their routine life. What’s more, in many people’s eyes, giving others gifts is a necessary way for emotional expression. In addition, there is no denying that the major factor responsible for the phenomenon is that urban people posses more money available for gifts thanks to the growth of urban economy.

Taking above-mentioned analysis into account, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion: as the society further develops, the trend mirrored by the table is bound to continue in the years to come.

2017年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s w ork，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course

2015年考研英语二真题答案(完整版)

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3、写作方法 从2010年开始，英语(二)大作文只有两点提纲，但最好写成三段，首段描述图表，首句应写总体描述：主题(春节假期花销比例)+对象(我国某市居民)。次句应写细节描述，分别描述占比最高的新年礼物和其次的交通、聚会吃饭与其他。第二段最好写成原因列举，首句可写主题句，承上启下进行过渡。其次具体说明二至三点原因，可写为何新年礼物花销最大或交通、聚会吃饭也占据一些比例。第三段可预测图表发展趋势、进行归纳结论或提出建议措施。 4、注意事项 值得注意的是，2015年考研英语(二)答题卡出现了重大变化，一张A3纸，正面左侧为客观选择题，含完形填空、阅读A节、阅读B节，右侧为翻译。反面左侧为小作文，约20行;右侧为大作文，约20行。大作文写150-230词左右即可，无需太多。 参考范文 大作文 一、不错范文，可供改造 The pie chart above presents the different proportion of residents’ consumption in a Chinese city during Spring Festival. To be specific, the percentage of consumption on New Year’s gifts, party, traffic and others is 40%, 20% , 20% and 20% respectively. Surprisingly, the pertinent number about gifts is 40%. Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely. Undoubt edly, the purpose of the graph is to showcase the diversity of residents ’ consumption during holidays in China, especially over-consumption on gifts as a frequent way of interpersonal communication. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? It’s a thought-provoking question. First and foremost, advertisements of mass media, such as radio, television and Internet, might be misleading. Plus,pertinent action taken by the government to put an end to this trend might be little and limit. Therefore, people, men and women, old and young, in mounting numbers are spending too much on holiday gift which floods everywhere. To sum up, there is an upward tendency for people these days to spend money on festival presents rather than other things, which I believe will not change in a short time. To reverse the trend is not a piece of cake, which requires a good awareness of consumption value and interpersonal communication. Only in this way can we have colorful festivals and relaxing times. (223 words)

2010-2015年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2010考研英语二真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points) The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global pandemic on June 11, 2009, in the first designation by the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in 41 years. The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the pandemic is "moderate" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. @Zov&0 1 In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is available ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other problems. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young people. Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text1