2010年考研英语完整版详解

2010年考研英语完整版详解

Section I Use of English

1.A

解析：A项affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。

2.B

解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。

3.C

解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。所以这里应选择C。

4.B

解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。

5.C

解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。四个选项中有描述含义的是C项accounts。

6.B

解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。Do not matter 固定表达，故选B。

7.D

解析：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。

8.A

解析：A项awareness 意思是“意识”，B项expectation意为“期望”，C项sentiment 意为“”观点，意见，D项illusion 为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说：工

人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。所以选A。

9.C

解析：见第8题解析。

10.D

解析：见第8题解析。

11.C

解析：be subjected to表示“服从于，与……一致’，为固定短语。

12.A

解析：contrary to表示“与…相反“。根据语境提示，空白处需要填写一个能表示转折意味的链接词。

13.A

解析：只有evidence一词可与found呼应，表示“发现或找到证据”。

14.D

misleading“欺骗性，误导性的”，意思上来看，符合语境所表达的意思。

15.B

解析：for example与上句呼应，举例说明问题。

16.A

解析：duly表示“准时地，在同一个时间地”，填入句中后意思表达更精确。

17.D

解析：与前句duly rose呼应，递进说明问题，故应选continue。

18.C

解析：此句意思与上句相反，说明另一种情况，故应使用转折词but。

19.B

解析：tend to do“倾向于做某事”，说明一种常规的事实。

20.D

解析：hit 能与a plateau搭配，意为“到达高地，触及顶点”，句意才符合语境。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21. B

22. A

23. C

24. A

25.B

Text 2

26.C

解析：细节题。题干问及商业专利方法在最近引起关注的原因是是什么，解答本题应定位二段首句并结合一段的主旨要义。二段首句指出“国家最高专利法庭准备对商业方法专利进行缩减，这引起了了争议。”一段主要提及在过去10年商业方法授予了成千上万的专利。由此可见，选项C是对原文的同义置换故为正确答案。

27.B

解析：推理判断题。文章在二段提及Bilski case，在四段提及对Bilski case 的结论性说明，在四段中针对Bilski case，联邦机构发表了不同寻常的法令，而四段末句提到该法令引起对“state street Bank ruling”的是否重新考虑，由此可知B为正确答案。

28.C

解析：词汇短语题。含有该词的句子起到承前启后作用，解答本题应结合二段主旨及三段because后的句意来解题，二段提及“国家最高专利法庭准备对商业方法专利进行缩减”，而三段提及introduced such patents…, approving a patent…,由此可知，宣称对商业方法的控制将会有巨大的态度转变，故C正确。

29.B

解析：推论题。结合倒数二段二句及末段首句可知B符合文意。此题用排除法最为便利。文章的最后两段未提到ACD的内容。而B项的内容符合“that too many patents were being upheld”，同时B 选项的内容符合文章的中心。

30.D

解析：主旨题。文章首段提到“过去10年”，而二段首句转到“Now”，文章的此脉络结构可知“A prevailing tread”可统领文意，此外文章二至四段，主

要谈及联邦巡讲对“business-method patents”的立场变化，故D为正确答案。

Text 3

31.B

解析：细节题。文章提到Tipping Point真本书描述社会流行风潮是由一小部分名人引起的，然而，笔锋一转在首段末又说“it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread”。进而引出作者对名人传播想法功能的讨论。由此B选项正确。而A、C、

D 均不是作者要讨论的问题。

32.D

解析：细节题。文章第二段首句“the supposed…plausible sounding but largely untested theory。.”以及末句“…only certain special people can drive trends”充分说明这种理论证据不够充足。而D选项正确的反应了文中的内容。

33.A

解析：根据题干，线索大致定位到第三段，但是第三段并没有清晰的找到题解，而接下来的第四段清晰的反应出了社会互动所产生的巨大影响这一内容。A 选项充分的表明了这一点。

34.C

解析：根据题干，线索定位到第四段。同过分析这个短语所在的句子，“For a social epidemic…;just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with…”此句主要表明人们是如何被别人影响进而又去影响别人的。而C选项恰是对这一点的正确表述。

35.C

解析：细节题。根据题干，线索定位到最后一段，从“…relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be…”这句话中能够得知社会影响动力因素包括人们影响别人的能力包括被别人影响的倾向性。而C选项充分的体现了这一点。

Text 4

36.A

解析：细节题。答案意为“遵循不利的资产评估准则”。

由题干中的“Bankers complained”和“force”定位于第一段第三行“Their

rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch。”该句核心词为rules，四个答案中只有A选项包含。

37.A

解析：推理引申题。答案意为“管理的作用的逐渐消失”。根据题干中的专有名词FASB定位于第三段。第一句提到FASB经过努力使国会通过了一些变革，这些变革赋予了银行更多的权利，也就是说对银行的管理更为松散，所以答案为“管理的作用的逐渐消失”。

38.C

解析：细节题。答案意为“独立自主的制定法规”。根据题干中的“McCreevy objects to”定位到第五段。第五段提到立即根据美国的变化做出一样的反应，欧洲的各界人士对此的反对十分强烈，引用McCreevy的话是为了说明这一点：欧洲要对这个问题有自己独立的法律法规。

39.C

解析：句意题。答案意为“忽视了坏账存在的极大可能性”。根据题干的信息定位到第六段Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts。批判银行一味的夸大“that market prices overstate losses”，而忽视了“the likely extent of bad debts”。

40.D

解析：情感态度题。文章讨论了银行针对“standard-setters”的敌意行为，特别是文章最后一段更是明确的表明了作者对“standard-setters”的同情。

Part B

41.B

解析：本题需要找出文章的首段，可用排除法做。首先A 选项中提到“the first and more important…”中的“more”应该在前文中提到，故排除。B选项首句就提出了欧洲食品零售所面临的问题，根据文章结构法：提出问题—分析问题—解决问题，此段符合首段要求，即提出了文章的中心问题，而且本选项中也

没有明显的需要和上文衔接的关系词，而其它选项都有明显的与上文衔接的信息词，不能在首段出现，故B为正确答案。

42.F

解析：首段一旦确定，本段内容便可根据上文顺藤摸瓜，第一段最后一句话“but”后指出了虽然食品零售商面临着“at a standstill (几乎停止发展)”的问题，他们却忽略了一个潜在的市场即他们身边的“wholesale food and trade(食品批发市场)”。而 F 选项首句便举例说明法国、德国、意大利等国家的食品批发产业的市场规模比食品零售产业要大40%。而且在“moreover”后又进一步说明批发的利润大零售很多。因此可以判断此选项是对第一段的例证说明。其中“for example”是明显的信息提示词。

43.D

解析：上段介绍了食品批发商的优势，而D选项第一句“All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which…”则对上文的内容进行总结，其中all in all 是较明显的信息提示词，即上文中提到的食品批发的优势推出这是明显对于“big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling”是一个“market”。因此D项为正确答案。

44.G

解析：上段最后一句提出的“particular abilities”以及“new skills and unfamiliar business models are needed。”, 即零售商需要新的技能及不熟悉的商业模式。而G选项第一句提到的“these requirements(这些要求)”正是指上文所提到的技能。

45.A

解析：此题可以用排除法做，所剩下的选项只有A和C，需要注意的是本题并没有明显的信息词，所以需要阅读选项的内容进而找出正确答案。此题前文的已知段落E选项中最后一句“two opposing trends”在A选项中得到了体现，即一方面由于人们选择在外就餐而扩大了食品批发的需求，而另一方面人们又开始感到“anxious(焦虑)”。而C选项第一句提到的“such variations”在上文中并没有得到体现，因此可以断定A为正确答案。

Part C

46. Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the

effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。

解析：句子的主干是“scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence”，后接that 引导的同位语从句。If引导的条件状语从句修饰that从句。to the effect that大意是，意思是; fail to 未能; jump to立即，赶快the rescue营救，援救，解救。

参考译文：科学家们立即拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。

47. but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us。

解析：句子主干we have drawn near the point。介词短语of admitting that.。.作定语修饰point。其中嵌套了that从句作admit的宾语从句。regardless of.。.作让步状语。a matter of ...。.的问题，大约;draw near 接近，靠近;intrinsic right天生的权利，固有的权利;economic advantage经济利益，经济优势。

参考译文：但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：不管鸟类对我们是否有经济利益，生存都是它们的固有权利。

48. Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species。

解析：主干time was when...。when引导了表语从句。Time was when可看作固定短语，译为“从前，曾经”。注意两个并列同位语从句的翻译。

参考译文：曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物通过捕食弱小的动物去维持生物链的正常运行，或它们只是去捕食“没有价值的物种”。

49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason。

解析：句子的主体是“the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community”，包含被动语态。句子开头是一个where 引导的定语从句，to be preserved是修饰noncommercial tree species的成分。Within

reason合情合理的，理智的。注意被动语态的处理。

参考译文：欧洲的林业从生态上讲较为先进，它把没有成为商业化对象的树种视为原始森林群落的成员而适当地加以保护。

50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning。

解析：句子主干“It tends to ignore many elements”;两个that从句意思上转折，句法上为并列的定语从句，修饰the land community。注意插入语、定语从句以及代词指代的处理。

参考译文：这一体系容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。

Section III Writing

51.小作文

以研究生会的名义写一封通知，通知的内容是为全球一体化的国际会议招募志愿者，这个通知必须包aa括申请者的基本职位要求及你认为相关的其他信息。写100个字左右，不要在通知末尾写你自己的名字，用“Postgraduates’Association”代替。

审题谋篇：

本次小作文考察“通知”这一事务公文，“通知”的目的在于督促对方参加活动，具体来讲，是招募志愿者。结构上，只需写题目，正文，署名以及时间即可。语言上，语言应直截了当，简洁明了，可适当使用被动句表达。内容上，题目要求写招募职位，以及相关信息。关于职位，可写涉及前台接待、会场指引、乘车指引、英文翻译等服务的岗位。此外，还可以对志愿者提出要求，志愿者应该工作认真负责、积极主动，具有团队合作精神的，另外还需要沟通能力强，具有较好的英语口语和听力水平等。其他相关信息，可以提及会议时间，地点，将怎样安排志愿者等。

参考范文一：

Notice

V olunteers for the International Conference of Global Integration are wanted. Anyone who is in good command of English and experienced in cross-cultural

communication are expected to take part in this activity. The major task for this position are as follows: to begin with, to propaganda the theme of globalization to people all over the world; in addition, to provide E-C interpretation service to those representatives of the international conference, aiming at facilitating the process of the meeting; at last, you should be strictly available according to the time schedule of the conference. Those who are interested in this post are cordially welcome!

Postgraduates’Association

参考范文二：

Notice

The International Conference of Global Integration will be held on September 23 at China Institute of International Studies, and twenty volunteers are wanted among the students in our school。

The positions recruited include receptionist, conference guider, transportation guider and English interpreter, and the volunteers are requested to speak fluent English and are expected to be active, open-minded and conscientious. All the volunteers will be trained for 5 days before the conference and provided with free transportation and meal。

For those who are interested in taking part in the activity, please send your resume to the email address: postgraduates@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9512544747.html, before September 1.

Postgraduates’Association

参考范文三：

Announcement

Postgraduates’Association is recently looking for V olunteers for the International Conference of Global Integration. Applicants should be currently studying at the university, and should preferably have the experience of being a part-time volunteer in several international events。

The successful applicant will be expected to propaganda the theme of globalization in the city and on campus. The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the end of August. Fair pay for the position is available

and will be based on your experience。

If you are interested, please send your resume to the following email: postgraduates@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9512544747.html, before September 1st。

Postgraduates’Association

52.大作文

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) give your comments on the phenomenon。

Y ou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20points)

2010年考研英语一试题大作文配图

审题谋篇：

本题为图画作文，图片上是一个热气腾腾的火锅，里面包括着诸如“儒学”，“解构”，“人本”，“莎士比亚”，“功夫”等中西文化标志词。下面有一行注释。在审题构思时应该注意：把握好这幅图的象征寓意。火锅中包含着各种各样的文化元素，代表了不同文化的和谐融合，民族的文化可以成为世界的，这一趋

势对人类发展是有利的。由此可见，本次作文的主题是文化融合。

提纲包括两点，一是描述图片并解释含义，二是对此现象作出评论。文章也可分为三段，第一段：描述图画，描述图片中的各类文化元素。可能用到的词汇是literature,(文学) moral values(道德价值)performing arts(表演艺术)等。

第二段：阐释图片含义。最好在段首设置主题句，然后围绕主题句展开。本图片中所显示的文化交流反映了两方面的情况，中国文化对世界文化的渗透，中国的腾飞无疑使中国文化这颗世界文化中的瑰宝更加耀眼。另一方面，中国文化也逐渐受到其他国家文化的影响。

第三段：对此现象做出评论。此评论部分可以提出建议，考虑背景及原因，或描述未来，预测未来，也可以讲世界文化融合、交流是时代的潮流，同时还要保持和振兴各族文化。

参考范文：

The enlightening picture portrays that a hot pot, with numerous ingredients in it, includes such domestic and alien cultures as literature, moral values and performing arts. It seems that the hot pot tastes very delicious because of the rich nutrition of the multi-cultures。

Obviously, the picture characterizes the status quo of Chinese society in which Chinese and Western culture conflict with each other but also merge into a unique form to a certain degree. Since China has opened its door widely to the outside world, many people from different countries have been deeply fascinated by Chinese culture. They will accept and love the Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be well shared with foreign people, who have shown their enthusiasm towards China. Meanwhile, the Chinese people are also exposed to foreign cultures when more foreign people come to this oriental country. In this way people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire better understanding of each other and live peacefully in this world。

In my opinion, the culture of any nation is a kind of precious heritage, and belongs to the whole mankind. With economic globalization, the blending of different cultures has become inevitable trend of the time. No country is an isolated island, be it China or the western world. The clearer we grasp the current situation, the more it

would be beneficial to the global villagers。

2012年考研英语完形填空真题及答案

2012年考研英语完形填空 The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. Thecourt cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationfor beingindependent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activitymakes itless likely that the court’s de cisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part ofthe problem is thatthe justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to thecode of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court andpolitics. TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompoliti cs.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpower andhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfro mpoliticsprecisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16 _isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust. Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_ tothecode of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_20_, convincing as law. 1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize 2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless 3. [A]restored [B]weakened[C]established [D] eliminated

2012年考研英语二真题及解析

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