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复合句式重难点-what和that的用法区别

复合句式重难点-what和that的用法区别
复合句式重难点-what和that的用法区别

复合句式重难点-what和that的用法区别

许多同学在学习复合句和特殊句式时,都会为“that”和“what”的选择而头疼,感觉这两个连接性词语辨别起来“有点乱”。你也不妨先做一做下面几个题,看看你能否把他们分清:

1.A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

2.Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. as

3.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

4.It is what you do rather than what you say _______ matters.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. this

5.His plan was such a good one _________ we all agreed to accept it.

A. so

B. and

C. that

D. as

上面5个题中的前四个题,在选项中都同时出现了what和that,如何选择呢?

第1题为答案A。考查名词从句连接代词what的运用。“十年前是一片荒地的地方建起了一座现代化的城市”。作介词in的宾语不能用that,因为名词从句中that 不做任何成分;连接代词what引导一个宾语从句,“是一个什么样的地方”;

第2题为答案A。考查定词从句关系代词that的运用,“因为记忆不好,你告诉我的,我都给忘了”。句中先行词为“all”,that为关系代词,意指all,在从句中做宾语;

第3题答案为B。考查名词从句从属连词that的运用。“…他很得意自己是个干事的人。”陈述了一个事实,故选择从属连词that

第4题为答案A。考查强调句结构中的that。“It is (was) + 所强调的成分+ that (who) + 其他成分。”

第5题为答案C。考查结果状语从句中的从属连词that。“他的计划非常好,我们都同意接受。”

从上面的分析中,我们不难看出,“that”一词非常活跃,在定语从句、名词从句、状语从句和强调句中都有使用;而命题设项时,“what”又常常用来作为干扰,因此,要想辨清“that”和“what”这两个词,突破复合句式的这个难点,就要

一、定语从句的关系代词中没有what,因此要牢记what不会引导定语从句。

例如:

1.The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad.

A.that

B.all that

C.all what

D.which

答案为B。这里的all是先行词,而that是关系代词,在从句中做主语。许多同学将此题误选成了C。需要注意的是,C选项前面要是去掉all,则变成了what 引导的名词从句,则就是对的了。

2.Y ou can only be sure of_____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ___ you might get in the future. [2007 安徽卷]

A. that; what

B. what; /

C. which; that

D. /; that

答案为B。前一个空为名词从句连接代词what,(从句做of的宾语,what又为get的宾语),后一个空为定语从句(先行词为something,关系代词做get的宾语,关系代词省略)。

二、名词从句中同时存在that和what这两个连接性词语,可以从其语法地位和意思上来辨别。

that 引导名词性从句时,没有任何含义和语法作用,只是提示引导了名词从句;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what 的意思是“什么…”

例如:

1.The mountain is no longer ____ it used to be.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. as

答案C 。“山不是以前那个样子了”。以前“什么样”,对应了what。

2.There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

A. that

B. which

C. until

D. if

答案A。that引导的名词从句陈述事实,说的即是前面的chance,为同位语从句。

三、定语从句与同位语从句中that的区别,主要看that在从句中有没有语法作用。

定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,有时可以与which 互换。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词如:fact、suggestion、truth、possibility、idea等后面,解释名词的含义或内容,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。

The football star Henry expressed the hope that he would come to visit C hina again in 2008.

同位语从句,从句就是hope的内容;

The hope the football star Henry expressed is that he would come to visit China again in 2008.

定语从句,从句修饰hope,是“表达的”愿望。

再如:

1.…It's thirty years since we last met.

…But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when

答案为B。同位语从句,解释story。

2.I still remember the big names in the stories ______ my mother told me when I was young.

A. when

B. that

C. what

D. where

答案为B。定语从句,意指stories,做told的宾语。

名词性从句中that和what的用法区别

一.that 引导的名词性从句

首先,连接代词that除引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略外,引导其他各类名词性从句皆不能省略。例如:

①It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

②---- Don’t you think it necessary that he go home at once?

---- but the problem is that there is no car.

③There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

④Our English teacher told us (that) we all did very well in the examination and that ten of us got full mark.

以上四个句子中,that 分别引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句和宾语从句,除在第四个例句中第一个that 可以省略外,其他的that 均不可省略。

其次,在引导名词性从句时,that不作句子中的任何成分。例如:

①Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport.

该句中,that引导同位语从句,但在句中不作任何成分。

②It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.

该句中,it 是形式主语,that引导的主语从句才是整个句子的真正主语,that在句中不作任何成分。

最后,在引导名词性从句时,that没有任何词汇意义。

①A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.

②Danby left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.

在以上两个考例中,that仅起引导同位语从句的作用,没有任何词汇意义。

综上所述,that 在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点:不可省略,不作成分,没有词义。

二.what引导的名词性从句

首先,what 引导名词性从句时,what 在句中不省略。

这一用法与that引导名词性从句时的用法不尽相同。

①He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning what his teammates had done.

what 在该句中引导宾语从句,what 不可省略。

②Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, when it was so poorly equipped.

what在该句中引导表语从句,但在句中不可省略。

其次,what 引导名词性从句时,具有词汇意义。

这是what 与that 引导名词性从句的重要区别之一,What 一般指“----的东西/事情/人/时间/地点等”。例如:

①Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom?

what在该句中引导同位语从句并作这个同位语从句的主语,词义为“----的东西、事情”,整个句子的汉语意思是“你知道教室里到底发生了什么事”。

②It is what you do rather than what you say that matters.

这是一个强调句型,被强调的部分是由what引导的两个主语从句,what在句中的词义为“----的东西、事情”,整个句子的汉语意思是“关键要看你做什么而不是说什么”。

最后,what 引导名词性从句时不仅只起引导作用,同时还要作句中的某个句法成分。

这一点是what 在引导名词性从句时与that 用法区别的关键所在。

①I just wonder_________ that makes him so excited.

A. why it does

B. what he does

C. how it is

D. what it is

这一题的正确答案是D,是一个强调句型作宾语的典型考例,被强调的成分what 在句中不仅只起引导宾语从句的作用,同时在宾语从句中作makes 的主语。

②A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.

在这个句子中,what 引导的从句作了介词in 的宾语,同时what 又在宾语从句中充当主语,意思是“……的地方”。值得注意的是,在引导名词性从句时,that 引导的句子一般不作介词的宾语,相反,由what 引导的句子作介词宾语的情况显得更为常见。例如:

③The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerous speed.

本题中,介词at后面用了what引导的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中作主语,而that不可以这样使用。

综上所述,what 在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点:不可省略,作成分,有词义。

That 与what 所引导的句子是高考的热点,为使同学们较好地掌握它们的用法与区别,现将其用法要点归纳如下

一.主语从句连词that 引导主语从句位于句首时没有意义,在从句中也不作句子成分,不能省略。但多数情况下还是用it 作形式主语,将that 从句后置。而what引导主语从句相当于the thing that,表示“所….的”,在句中作句子成分,不能省略.

Eg ⑴That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.

(2) It is important that students should master a foreign language .

(3)What the president remarked at the conference made the world shock .

注意在含有主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,that从句不可以提前.

Is it possible that he will win the game ? (正)

Is that he will win the game possible ? (误)

二.宾语从句主句的谓语动词如果用that引导宾语从句,that只是引导词,不在句中作任何成分,有时可以省略;而what 引导宾语从句,在句子作相应的句子成分,相当于the thing that.表示“所...的”,不能省略。同时要注意与强调句型where,when引导的状语从句等的区别。

Eg It is at the factory that he worked for 20 years.(强调句型)

It is the factory where he worked for 20 years.(定语从句)

It was at three o′clock that he got home. (强调句型)

It was three o′clock when he got home. (状语从句)

注意形容词anxious,certain, glad, afraid, proud, surprised, sorry, pleased等常跟that 引导从句作宾语。

Eg I am certain that our team will win the game.

We are sorry that he didn’t pass the exam .

这些词如find, feel, think, believe, consider, make等常可用it引导形式宾语,that 引导真正宾语从句。

Eg He found it important that he learned to operate computer.

但应注意有些动词只带it + that从句而不带复合宾语。

Eg I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.

I take it that he approves.

另外在in, but, except等少数几个介词后可跟由that引导的宾语从句,已形成固定结构in that(因为)but that(要不是…只是),except that(除了)

三.同位语从句

The news that Beijing will hold the 2008 Olympic Games is exciting.

Word came that China has succeeded in launching a spaceship.

同位语从句一般由that引导,也可由what,which,who, when,where, why,how,whether, if 引导。一般在fact,news, evidence, concept, belief, doubt, thought,word, idea, truth, opinion,message,order, proof, suggestion,sign等抽象名词后,由连接词that引导同位语从句,说明抽象名词的内容或意义。That不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,虽然没有具体含义,但不能省略。

Eg The suggestion that we should build a nuclear power station is to be disc ussed at the meeting.

四.定语从句all作主语时,定语从句由that引导,what是不能引导定语从句的.通常只能由that引导定语从句的情况包括.(1)先行词为形容词的最高级(2)先行词为序数词

(3)先行词中有不定代词something,anyting, nothing, everything以及all,little等注意下列情况一般也用that引导.如:

He is not the man that he was

Do you remember what happened the day that he came ?

在the day ,the morment 等时间词后面,that引导表示“此时”或“在此期间”五.状语从句that一般不单独引导状语从句,而和其他词一起引导.引导状语从句用on condition that〈如果〉,原因状语从句now that〈既然〉结果状语从句用so…that ,such…that, so that,目的状语从句用so that(为了),for fear that(以防),in order that(为了)

Eg Now that you have enough money, you should buy a house for your own.

Y ou will certainly succeed on condition that you keep on trying .

Study hard so that you can pass the entrance examination .

It was raining so heavily that we had to put off the sports meet .

六.替代.在英语中为避免重复,常用that代替前面的不可数名词.用the one 代替前面的单数可数名词.用those ones代替前面的复数名词.

Eg By1990, production in the area is expected to double that of 1980 .

最新定语从句中的that和which的区别

定语从句中的that和which的区别: that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语,做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that,which,还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句,that则不行。 只能用that的几种情况: 1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。We should do all that is useful to the people. Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。 You can take any seat that is free. There is little work that is fit for you. 3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 The best that I could do was to apologize. This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。 This is the very book that I’m looking for. The only thing that we could do was to wait. 注意:先行词被the same修饰时,关系代词也可用as。 I need the same book that / as you have. 6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。 They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 7. 当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。 Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him? Which is the star that is nearer to the earth? 8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。 That’s a good book that will help you a lot. Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 9. 先行词为time时,当time表示次数,引导词用that, 可省略。当表示时间,可用that 或when引导,都可省略。 I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world. I did't remember the exact time (when/that)I arrived in Shanghai last month. 只能使用which的情况: 1. 在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用which。 The house in which we live is very large. This is the reference book(参考书)of which the teacher is speaking. 注意:如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首,which就可换为that。 This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 2. 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时,关系代词通常只用which而不用that。 You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.

倍数表达法

倍数表达法 是历届高考的热点。当我们要表达甲是乙的几倍时,通常可使用以下句型: 1.倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+其它。这种结构又常演变成下列两类: ①倍数+as+many+可数名词复数+as;②倍数+as+much+不可数名词+as。如: There are seven times as many people as I expected.是我预料的人数的七倍。 There is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one.这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。 2.倍数+形容词(或副词)的比较级+ than+其它。如: The hall is five times bigger than our classroom.这个大厅的面积比我们教师大五倍。 3.倍数+the size/height/length/width.etc.+of+其它。如: This road is six times the length of that one.这条路是那条路的六倍长。 4.计量名词+of+名词+be+倍数+that+of+其它。如: The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。 5.倍数+what从句。如: The production is now three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。 6.倍数+more+名词+than+其它。如: There are nine times more books in his bag than in yours. 他书包里的书比你书包里的书多九倍。 7.其它表达。如:

What的用法总结

What的用法总结 What主要用于引导名词性从句,尽管没有在近年的高考真题语法填空中考查,但在改错题中考查过。其用法总结为七种: 1.What+主语+及物动词 例句1:What he says is reasonable. 解析:What he says是主语从句,what 在主语从句中作宾语。 例句2:It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself. 解析:本句意为“别人怎么看你,与你无关,相信你自己。”其中It是形式主语,真正的主语是what other people think about you. 2. what +主语+不及物动词/系动词+介词 例句:The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like. 解析:what each eyewitness looks like是宾语从句,what在从句中作介词like的宾语。 3. What + 主语+系动词 例句1:He is not what he was ten years ago. 解析:本句意为“他不再是十年前的他了。”其中what he was是表语从句,what 在从句中作表语。 例句2:I’m not to blame, Mum. I am what you have made me. 解析: what you have made me.是表语从句,what 在从句中作补语。 例句3:The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make what it is. 解析: what it is是宾语从句,what 在从句中作表语。 4. What后接名词,作定语 例句1:I gave him what books I had . 解析: what books I had是宾语从句,what 在从句中作books的定语。 例句2:It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. 解析: what side effect the medicine will bring about是宾语从句,what 在从句中作side effect的定语。 例句3:The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 解析: what terrible problems we would face.是宾语从句,what 在从句中作problems的定语,且terrible也是定语修饰problems。 5.What +及物动词+宾语或What +be done 例句1:What makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. 解析:其中What makes the matter worse是主语从句,what 在从句中作主语。 例句2:The farmer’s wife rushed to see what was caught. 解析: what was caught.是宾语从句,what在从句中作主语。 6. what 用于固定搭配what……do with (处理): 例句:What do you do with this problem? 这个问题你怎样处理? 7. 感叹句中:

英语中倍数的表达方法和译法

I. 英语倍数表达法 用英语表达"A 是 B 的N 倍长(宽,高,大,重等)","A 比 B 长(宽,高,大,重等)N 倍" 或"A 的长度(宽度,高度,大小,重量等)是 B 的N 倍",可用下列几种句型。 1."A + be + 倍数+ as + 计量形容词原级+ as + B". This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 His father is twice as old as he. 他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。 2."A + be + 倍数+ 计量形容词比较级+ than + B " The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 型及其正确译法归纳如下:倍数增加 (一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①)A is n times greater (longer,more,…)than B.(②)A is n times the size (length,amount,…)of B.(③) 以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 (二)increase to n times(④)increase n times/n-fold(⑤)increase by n times

英语高考备考what的特殊用法分析

英语高考备考what的特殊用法分析 what在英语中是个很常用的词。我们知道它能用作疑问词,引导特殊疑问句,在句中做主语﹑表语或宾语;又能用作连接代词(或复合关系代词),引导主语从句﹑表语从句或宾语从句;还能用作疑问形容词,只作定语并可表示感叹。对于这些常规的用法本文就不一一赘述,现就what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法归纳如下: 1. what = just as,意为“恰像,犹如,好比”用作连词,引导比较状语从句。 ⑴惯用句式是:A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如: ①Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。(介词to 表示两者的关系) ⑵也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。例如: ②Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。(介词for表示“供…使用”) ⑶what 引导的从句也可以放在句首,其句式是:What C is to D,that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.) 在这一结构中,喻体在前,主体在后,相当于“just as…,so…”结构,意思也是“A对B 而言正如C对D一样”例如: What blood vessel is to a man's body,that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ,so Railway is to transportation.) 铁路对于运输,好比血管对于人体一样。 2. what 与do with连用,意为“(怎样)处理﹑安排或对付等”。what常有较灵活的翻译,常用结构是:“what …do with sth./sb.?”或“what to do with sth./sb.”例如: ①What will you do with the letter?你将把那封信怎样处理? ②The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days. 孩子们不知道雨天干什么好。 注意:do with 与deal with同义,但搭配不同:do with只能与what搭配,而deal with可与不同的疑问词搭配。比较: ③How will you deal with the letter?你将那封信怎样处理? ④You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of

that与which的用法区别

that与which的用法区别 两者都可指物,常可互换。其区别主要在于: 1.引导非限制性定语从句时,通常要用which: The current, which is very rapid, makes the river dangerous. 水流湍急,使这条河很危险。 He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like. 他得在星期天工作,他是不喜欢这样的。 The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season. 伦敦队上一个季度打得很好,这个季度却打得很差。 2.直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常要用which: She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能晚到,那样我们就要等等她。 The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已找到了。 This morning some port wine came, for which I have to thank you. 今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒,为此我得向你道谢。 注:有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构:He had only the long nights in which he could study. =He had only the long nights in which to study. 他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。 He had a couple of revolvers with which he could defend himself.= He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。 3.当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时,通常用that: All that she lacked was training. 她缺的只是训练。 Have you everything that you need? 你需要的东西都有了吗? The sleeping man’s subconscious mind retained everything that was said around him. 这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。 She would never do anything that was not approved of by her parents. 她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。 4.当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时,通常用that: This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。 Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。 5.当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时,通常用that: This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。 The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

英语倍数表达法基本句型

一. 表达倍数的三个基本句型 1.“A+be动词/谓语动词+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B”,表示“A正好是B 的多少倍”。例如: Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。 This big stone is three times as heavy as that one. 这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。 The plane flew ten times as high as the kite. 那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。 2. “A+be动词/谓语动词+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。例如: This rope is twice longer than that one. 这根绳子比那根绳子长两倍(是那根绳子三倍长)。 This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍(是我们教室的六倍大)。 The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍(是那辆卡车的三倍快)。 3. “A+be动词+倍数+the size/height/length/width, etc+of+B”,表示“A正好是B的多少倍”。例如: This street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长。 This hill is four times the height of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。除表达倍数的三个基本句型外,我们还要掌握其基本句型的7种变形。

what 的特殊用法

what 的特殊用法 网友问:有这样一个句子:Today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”. What在句中是什么意思?作何种成分? 本句中,they 指代the Impressionist paintings。意思是:今天,印象派作品被公认为我们所说的“现代艺术”的开端。 人教版新课标英语课本中,类似的句子曾出现过多次。例如: I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece”. 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。 以上两句中,what we call和what you call用为一个句式,意为“我们所说的(所谓的)”和“你们所说的(所谓的)”。从教学和翻译角度,我们可以把what we/you call按定语看待,分别修饰modern art 和Ancient Greece。但是,实际上what we call “modern art” 和what you cal l “Ancient Greece” 都是名词性从句:第一句modern art 是call的宾语,what是modern art 的宾补。第二句Ancient Greece 是call 的宾语,what是Ancient Greece 的宾补。问题是,what 在这里该怎么理解?能不能翻译成带有疑问的“什么”?回答显然是不行的。再看一个句子: His eyes stare at what is left of the brothers' dinner on the table.(他的眼睛注视着兄弟俩饭桌上的残羹剩饭)。这是美国著名作家马克·吐温名作The Million Pound Bank Note上的一个句子。说的是一个穷困潦倒的美国青年,在英国富人家里看到的情况。从句子意思看,what不像是疑问,不能译成“什么东西”。那么,这些what此究竟是什么意思呢? what的主要作用有3个(当然还有其他用法,如引导感叹句): 1. 充当疑问代词,引导特殊疑问句。 What are they talking about over there? 2. 充当连接代词,引导名词性从句(如宾语从句),仍然表示“疑问”概念。 I don’t know what they are talking about over there. 3. 充当“复合关系代词”,引导名词性从句(如宾语从句),不表示“疑问”概念。 “复合关系代词”,是what的一个非常重要的用法,以上三个句子中的what就是此种用法。下面再看两个句子: (1) We should do what the teacher tells us to do. 我们应该做老师叫我们做的事情。 (2) He isn't what he was ten years ago.他现在不是十年前的那个他了。

which和that的区别

that与which两者都可指物,常可互换。其区别主要在于: 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时,通常要用which。如:She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请,这是她意想不到的。 2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常要用which。如:The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。 3. much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时,通常用that。如:There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法,只有投降了。All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能that can be done must be done. 4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时,通常用that。如:This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。 5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时,通常用that。如:。如:This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。 6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用that。如:China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。 7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用that。如:They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。 8. 当要避免重复时。如:Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程?

英语中常用倍数表达法

英语倍数的表达方法 一、用times表示倍数 (一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍的数用twice)1.“A + be + 倍数+ as + 形容词或副词原级+ as + B" This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 His father is twice as old as he. 他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。 2.“A + be + 倍数+ 形容词或副词的比较级+ than + B ” The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。 The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍 3.“A + be + 倍数+ the + 计量名词+ of + B ” The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 计量名词:size大, length长, width宽, height高, depth深,weight重…倍数+the size of …… …倍数+the length of …… …倍数+the height of …… …倍数+the width of …… …倍数+the depth of …… …倍数+the weight of …… 4. “The + 计量名词+ of + A + be + 倍数+ that + of + B” The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one. 新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。 5.“…times + that of+被比较对象” In this workshop the output of July was three times that of January. 这个车间7月份的产量是元月份的三倍。

what用法总结

what用法总结 温馨提示:what用法很多,对专升本有用的我已经用红色字体显示,由于部分同学考研可能要用到,把几乎所有用法都附上了。 what的用法是各种类型英语科测试的热点,what的用法灵活多变,出题花样翻新,只有对其有一个全面的掌握,才能灵活运用。本文以2006年的两道高考题为例,总结what的用法,希望能让同学们对它有一个全面的了解。 The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _____ he thought was not enough.(2006山东卷第26题) A. where B. how C. what D. which 答案:C Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _____ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.(2006安徽卷第32题) A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that 答案:A. 上述两题中的what都是关系代词,一般含义是“the thing that”。第一题中what 的意思是“the price that”,引导宾语从句;第二题中what的意思是“the school that”,引导的是表语从句。what的其他结构还有:

一、what + little 在此结构中,little是名词,强调某种东西“虽少但已是全部”,至于被强调的是什么,只能凭借上下文来判断。 例如:(1)What little he said on the subject was full of wisdom. (2)She saved what little of the money she could out of her slim salary to help her brother go to school 二、what little + 名词 此结构为上一结构的延伸,所不同的是,little在这里不是名词,而是形容词了。 例如:(1)He gave me what little money he had about him. (2)My father spent what little spare time he had in writing. 三、what + few + 名词 当被修饰的名词为可数名词时,little应换成few,含义为“仅有的几个”。 例如:(1)What few friends I have are very kind to me. (2)I will lend you what few books I can spare.

定语从句中 which,that 的用法与区别

定语从句中 which,that 的用法与区别 只能使用that的情况: 1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。 e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me? 2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。 e.g. I have some books that are very good. 3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词(包括last, next等)所修饰时。 e.g. This is the first book that I bought mysel f. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. 4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 e.g. Which is the bike that you lost? 为了避免重复时用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting. 5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物. China is no longer the country that she was. 6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that . Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 7.在there be句型中,只用that. He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject. 8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only,the same 等词修饰时。 e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. 9.当先行词又有人又有物时。 e.g. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw. 10. 先行词被all, every, no, any, little, some, much等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. 只能使用which的情况。 1、非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,如果去掉逗号,整个句子仍能表达完整的意义的定语从句)中。 e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2、在介词之后。 e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man. 3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary. 4. 非限定性定语从句修饰的是前面的整个句子,而且关系代词和关系副词前面有逗号, 用which开始的定语从句修饰前面半句 e.g. He will wear no clothes, which will distinguish(区分,辨别)him from his fellow men.

what的某些特殊用法

what在英语中是个很常用的词。我们知道它能用作疑问词,引导特殊疑问句,在句中做主语﹑表语或宾语;又能用作连接代词(或复合关系代词),引导主语从句﹑表语从句或宾语从句;还能用作疑问形容词,只作定语并可表示感叹。对于这些常规的用法本文就不一一赘述,现就what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法归纳如下: 1. what = just as,意为“恰像,犹如,好比”用作连词,引导比较状语从句。(见新编高二英语上册p.21) ⑴惯用句式是:A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如: ①Air is to us What water is to fish.空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。(介词to 表示两者的关系) ⑵也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。例如: ②Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。(介词for表示“供…使用”) ⑶what 引导的从句也可以放在句首,其句式是: What C is to D,that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.) 在这一结构中,喻体在前,主体在后,相当于“just as…,so…”结构,意思也是“A 对B而言正如C对D一样”例如: What blood vessel is to a man’s body,that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man’s body ,so Railway is to transportation.) 铁路对于运输,好比血管对于人体一样。 2. what 与do with连用,意为“(怎样)处理﹑安排或对付等”。 what常有较灵活的翻译,常用结构是: “what …do with sth./sb.?”或“what to do with sth./sb.”例如: ①What will you do with the letter?你将把那封信怎样处理? ②The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days. 孩子们不知道雨天干什么好。 注意:do with 与deal with同义,但搭配不同:do with只能与what搭配,而deal with 可与不同的疑问词搭配。比较: ③How will you deal with the letter?你将那封信怎样处理? ④You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down. 如果你试着倒立着或仅以躺着的姿势去喝水,就能大致体会得到宇航员必须应付什么了。 3. 问价格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面积﹑门牌(汽车﹑电话等)号码等时,只能用what提问,不能用how much提问。例如: ①What is the cost(price)of the gold watch?这块金表多少钱? ②What is the speed of the car?车速是多少? ③What is the length(width﹑depth)of the lake?这湖有多长(宽、深)? ④What is the population(area)of China?中国的人口(面积)有多少(大)? ⑤What money(cash)have you got?你有多少钱(现金)?

定语从句中which和that区别

定语从句中which和that区别 奥赛书上的内容: 介词后只能用which不能用that 先行词为 xxx-thing 时只能用that 先行词被the only(含序数词)等限定词修饰时只能用that 先行词被最高级修饰时只用that 限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little that I can do for you. 注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing. 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 (1) This is the best film that I have seen. 4. 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the

定语从句中that和which的用法及区别

定语从句中that和which的用法及区别。。。 满意答案 楓κiζsヤ瑟5级 2009-02-16 1、定语从句中宜用that而不用which的情况 1) 先行词为all much little everything anything nothing none few the one 等不定代词; e.g. I mean the one that was bought yesterday. 2) 先行词被形容词最高级或被only any few little no all one of等 修饰时; e.g. It’s the most important task that should be finished soon. 3) 先行词为数词或被序数词(包括last)所修饰时; e.g. Look at these flowers. You can see the two that you gave me. 4) 先行词中既有人又有物时; e.g. We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 5) 主语中已有who和which的; 6) 先行词在主句中做表语或关系代词在从句中做表语时; e.g. It’s book that will help you a lot. My hometown is no long the plac e that it used to be. 2、不宜用that的情况 1) 关系代词前有介词时; e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. 2) 非限定性定语从句中; e.g. He has a daughter, who works in a hospital. 3) 先行词本身是that时; e.g. The clock is that which tells the time. 评论(0)40 满意答案 晴天9级 2009-02-15 一定语从句的关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在 定语从句中充当主语或宾语. This is the pen which was given by my friend.

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