英国文学

1.Beowulf, the national epic of the English people.

2.The Norman Conquest. The French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066.

3.Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry, was born in 1340 in London. The Canterbury

Tales.

4.The Renaissance sprang first in Italy. Two features: the thirsting curiosity for the classical literature;

the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.

5.William Caxton, the first English printer.

6.Thomas More, Utopia.

7.The flourishing of literature The sonnet was introduced to England from Italy by Sir Thomas

W yatt, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey.

8.Edmund Spenser The Faerie Queene

9.John Lyly Euphues (it was written in a peculiar style known as “Euphuism”)

10.Francis Bacon, the founder of English materialist philosophy. Famous for his essays.

11.Christopher Marlowe, the most gifted of the “university wits”Doctor Faustus

12.Shakespeare Great comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It,

Twelfth Night. Great tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth.

13.Ben Jonson Every Man in His Humour.

14.Charles I was executed in 1649.

15.John Milton Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes.

16.John Bunyan The Pilgrim’s Progress (Vanity Fair名利场).

17.John Donne (witty conceits) the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry Songs and Sonnet

18.Richard Steele The Tatler

19.Joseph Addison The Spectator

20.Alexander Pope Essay on Criticism

21.Jonathan Swift (bitter satire) Gulliver’s Travels A Tale of a Tub The Battle of the Books

22.Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe

23.Samuel Richardson Pamela

24.Henry Fielding, the founder of the English realistic Novel Tom Jones

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9b17732523.html,urence Sterne, a reprsentative of sentimentalism in the 18th century A Sentimental Journey

26.Richard Sheridan The School for Scandal

27.Samuel Johnson Johnson’s Dictionary

28.Thomas Gray Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is a model of sentimentalist poetry

29.William Blake Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience

30.Robert Burns Scotland

31.At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries romanticism appeared in England as a new trend in

literature. It rose and grew under the impetus of the Industrial Revolution and French Revolution.

32.Romanticists: Byron, Shelley, Keats

33.William W ordsworth 1798, the publication of the Lyrical Ballads, the beginning of the Romantic

revival in England. “all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling”

34.W ordsworth, Coleridge and Southey have been mentioned as “Lake Poets”

35.Samuel Coleridge Kubla Khan,The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Christabel

36.George Byron Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage Don Juan

37.Shelley Prometheus Unbound, a lyrical drama

Essay: A Defence of Poetry

38.John Keats Ode to Autumn, Ode on Melancholy, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to a Nightingale

39.W alter Scott Historical Novels

40.Jane Austen 6 novels: Northanger Abbey, Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield

Park, Emma, Persuasion

Terms

1.Sonnet: it is a poem 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.

There are two prominent types: the Elizabeth and Shakespearean sonnet.

2.Shakespearean Sonnet: which has 14 lines, is divided into three quatrains and a couplet, rhyming

abab, cdcd, efef, gg.

3.Romanticism: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in W estern

culture during most of the 19th century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places.

4.Features of Romanticism: subjectivism, spontaneity, singularity, worship of nature, simplicity, note

of melancholy in the poems.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9b17732523.html,edies of Manners: it is mainly applied to one form of drama predominant in the Restoration

and the 18th century of England. This type of drama mainly described the life in the high society such as the aristocratic and the rising merchants, and a satirical and cynic tone is kept either to satirize or condemn some bad manners and morals at that time. They often involve love intrigue or even immoral sex relations, and artistically the dramatists concerned greatly with witty dialogue and striking situations.

6.Sentimentalism；it refers to a trend in English literature in the second half of the 18th century. This

trend made itself felt in many aspects in literature, for example, in fiction and in poetry. In fictions, it demonstrated its features mainly in Sterne’s writing, while in poetry, in Thomas Gray’s and Edward Y oung’s poems. Most writers of this trend showed their sympathy for the poor and the virtuous, and interest in nature. In common they appealed to sentiment in tone. This trend became

a transition from neoclassicism to romanticism.

7.Enlightenment Movement: it was a progressive intellectual movement that flourished in France and

swept through the whole W estern Europe in the 18th century. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. It celebrated reason or rationality.

It brought about a revival of the interest in the old classical works, a tendency known as neoclassicism.

8.Metaphysical Conceits: the conceit is an elaborate and often surprising comparison between two

apparently highly dissimilar things. Whether it involves strikingly original images or familiar things used in an unusual way, the conceit is most notable for its ingenuity. The Metaphysical conceit frequently uses commonplace objects or references in a previously unthought-of or entirely unfamiliar way: it sometimes functions as the controlling image for the entire poem.

9.Metaphysical Poets: it was first invented by Dryden and adopted by Johnson as the designation of

certain 17th-century poets, chief of whom were Donne and Cowley addicted to “witty conceits” and farfetched imagery. The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantastically in form.

10.University Wits: It is applied to a group of writers who flourished in London in the last 20 years or

so of the 16th century. The most notable were Marlowe Nashe, Greene and Lyly who all graduated from either Oxford or Cambridge, and who formed using euphuism and extravagance in writing. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9b17732523.html,ke Poets: it is applied to refer to the three poets: W ordsworth, Coleridge and Southey, who

resided in the neighborhood of the English Lake district. Their poetic themes are often about the nature. “Lake School”first appeared in ill meanings in Edinburgh Review, August 1817, but was gradually accepted as a special term in today’s sense.

12.Iambic Pentameter: A poetic line consisting of 5 verse feet, with each foot an iamb—that is an

unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. It is the most common English mater.

13.Byronic Hero: a kind of hero created by Byron. The hero is proud impterious rebel figure of noble

origin. This kind of characters is modeled on the life and personalisity of Byron himself and can be found in the words like Childe Harold’s pilgrimage and Don Juan

Wordsworth point of view:

1.He will write about the life of common people, especially the humble life if rustic people.

2.he will try to transform the incidents and situations of the common people by his imagination and present them in such a

way that they will seen novel and wonderful.

3.he will try to trace through these humble incidents the essence of humanity—the primary laws of humanity.

4.he will try to compose the poems in the kind of language that comes naturally to people in normal conversation. For

people in the countryside live in close contact with nature and lead a simple life.

5.there is a moral purpose in every poem he writes. The moral of a poem should not be arbitrarily added to it. A poem is the

outcome of strong emotions of a poet. The poet should train and regulate his feelings by deep and long thinking, to such

a degree that these feelings will be connected with important subject.

Gulliver’s Travels:

It is more than a travel story. It is a satire on the 18th century English society, touching upon the political, religious, legal, military, scientific, philosophical as well as literacy institutions about almost every aspect of the society Bitterly satirical, the book takes great pains to bring to light the wickedness of the their English socie ty, with its tyranny, it’s political intrigues and corruption its aggressive wars and colonialism its religions disputes and persecution, and its ruthless oppression and exploitation of the common people

The ugliness of the 18th century in English society is no elsewhere so thoroughly and forcefully exposed and condemned as in this single book. And the satire, as it is, is not only of practical significance in its own day in England and Europe, but its exposure is also true of all countries all ages. Its satires are applicable to any class, any society, any where in the world and in any period of history..

William Blake:

THE TYGER : trochee扬抑格

The theme of pride and prejudice:

1.the title tells of a major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice. If to form good relationships is our main task in life,

we must first have good judgment.

2.in the process of judging other, Elizabeth find out sth about herself, her blindness partiality prejudice and absurdity. In

time she discovers her own shortcoming. On the other hand, Darcy too learns other people and himself.

3.another theme that is common to Jane Austen’s works is love and marriage. Here in this b ook three kinds of motivations

of attributes marriage are presented for manifestation.First ther is marriage merely for fortune, money and social rank.

This is to be found in Miss bingley’s pursuit of Darcy. Lady de Bourgh’s intention to arrange a marriage between her daughter and Darcy, and in Charlotte Lucas’s marriage to Mr Collins. The snobbery and vanity of the rich and the practicality of the poor gentry women are fully accounted for.

4.the second is the tendency to marry for beauty attraction and passion regardless of economic conditions or personal

merits. This is generally known as “love at first sight”. Typical examples are found in the marriage of the skeptical Mr.

Bennet and Mrs. Bennet who has a beautiful face but an empty head, and of their youngest daughter Lydia to the handsome charming but morally weak and penniless Wickham. The terrible aftermath……

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9b17732523.html,stly, come the ideal marriage, which is a love match with considerations of the lover’s persona l merits and economical

conditions. Such perfect happiness is to be found in the marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth and that of Mr. Bingley and Jane, although the satisfaction of both the personal and economical conditions like this is really a bit too idealistic. And in this last kind ,the another seems to give her particular preference to the former people.

王守仁《英国文学选读》译文汇总.

Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦送走了土壤干裂的三月沐浴着草木的丝丝经络顿时百花盛开生机勃勃西风轻吹留下清香缕缕田野复苏吐出芳草绿绿碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日青春的太阳洒下万道金辉小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦多情的鸟儿歌唱爱情的欣欢香客盼望膜拜圣徒的灵台僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海信徒来自全国东西南北众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷去朝谢医病救世的恩主以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒那是个初夏方临的日子我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心我准备翌日出发去朝圣黄昏前后华灯初上时分旅店院里涌入很多客人二十九人来自各行各业不期而遇都到旅店过夜这些香客人人虔心诚意次日要骑马去坎特伯雷客房与马厩宽敞又洁净店主的招待周到而殷勤夕阳刚从地平线上消失众人同我已经相互结识大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上可是在我叙述故事之前让我占用诸位一点时间依我之见似乎还很必要把每人的情况作些介绍谈谈他们从事什么行业社会地位属于哪个阶层容貌衣着举止又是如何那么我就先把骑士说说骑士的人品出众而且高尚自从军以来就驰骋于疆场待人彬彬有礼大度而豪爽珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚为君主效命创辉煌战绩所到国家之远无人能比转战于基督和异教之邦因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰他攻打过亚历山大利亚在普鲁士庆功宴上有他这位佼佼者多次坐首席从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯同级的骑士都大为逊色攻克阿给西勒有他一个还出征到过柏尔玛利亚夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚他还

多次游弋于地中海跟随登陆大军将敌战败十五次比武他大显身手为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗在战场上三次杀死敌将高贵的武士美名传四方他还侍奉过柏拉西亚国君讨伐另一支土耳其异教军没有一次不赢得最高荣誉他骁勇善战聪慧而不痴愚他温柔顺从像个大姑娘一生无论是在什么地方对谁也没有讲过半个脏字堪称一个完美的真骑士他有一批俊美的千里马但是他的衣着朴实无华开价的底下是结识的布衣上上下下到处是斑斑污迹他风尘仆仆刚从战场归来片刻未休息就急忙去朝拜 Unit 2 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 生存或毁灭这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌并将其克服此二抉择就竟是哪个较崇高死即睡眠它不过如此倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患那么此结局是可盼的死去睡去但在睡眠中可能有梦啊这就是个阻碍当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊在死之长眠中会有何梦来临它令我们踌躇使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨如暴君之政骄者之傲失恋之痛法章之慢贪官之侮或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之还有谁会肯去做牛做马终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难而不远走高飞飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身后之事而使他犹豫不前此境乃无人知晓之邦自古无返者所以「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光像个病夫再之这些更能坏大事乱大谋使它们失去魄力第二场同前凯普莱特家的花园罗密欧上罗密欧没有受过伤的才会讥笑别人身上的创痕朱丽叶自上方

《英美文学资料》word版

《英美文学》（03119）复习大纲 第一部分英国文学 一、课程简介 本课程简要介绍英国各个历史断代的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派,主要作家; 本课程要求学生掌握英国文学史上各个时期的文学特点，出现的文学流派以及该时期一至两位重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及代表作品；并要求学生做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转换这能力，即能用有关知识和理论来分析英国文学中的相关问题。 二、课程重点章节简介： 第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学 1. <<贝尔武夫>> 2. 乔叟及其代表作 第二章: 文艺复兴时期 1. 文艺复兴的定义 2. 萨士比亚的戏剧及十四行诗 3. 培根的代表作 第三章: 十七世纪英国文学 1.弥尔顿的代表作<<失乐园>>、诗剧<<力士参孙>>的主要内容及<<

失乐园>>选短

第四章: 启蒙运动时期 1.新古典主义 2.伤感主义 3.笛福及代表作 4.蒲伯及代表作 第五章: 浪漫主义时期 1.浪漫主义时期文学的特点 2.彭斯的创作特点及代表作 3.华兹华斯的创作特点及代表作 4.拜伦诗歌的特点及代表作 第六章: 维多利亚时期 1.维多利亚时期的文学特点 2.布朗蒂姐妹的代表作 第七章: 现代时期 1.现代主义文学 2.汤姆斯.哈代创作特点及代表作 3. D.H.劳伦斯创作特点及代表作 三、本课程重点和难点内容简介 第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学： 1．<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。

2．乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。3．名词解释“骑士抒情诗” 第二章: 文艺复兴时期： 1.文艺复兴时期的时间界定 2.“文艺复兴”的名词解释 3.“人文主义” 的名词解释 4.莎士比亚的“Sonnet 18”的主题 5.哈姆雷特的性格分析 6.英语解释《论学习》中的句子 第三章: 十七世纪英国文学： 1.英语解释弥尔顿《失乐园》选段中的句子 2.《失乐园》的主要内容和意义 3.《失乐园》中撒旦的人物分析 第四章: 启蒙运动时期： 1.启蒙运动时期的界定 2.新古典主义的基本主张和特色 3.伤感主义的名词解释 4.《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的人物分析 5.蒲伯的《论批评》的主题

英国文学 整理

Term Definition： Alliteration（押头韵）: Alliteration is the repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. The term is usually applied only to consonants, and only when the recurrent sound begins a word or a stressed syllable within a word. Arthurian legend（亚瑟王传奇）: It is a group of tales (in several languages) that developed in the Middle Ages concerning Arthur L, semi-historical king of the Britons and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity. Sonnet（十四行诗）: A lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in the English language: ( 1) The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet (named after the fourteenth century Italian poet Petrarch) falls into two main parts: an octave(eight lines) rhyming abbaabba followed by a sestet (six lines) rhyming cdecde or some variant, such as cdccdc . (2) the English sonnet, or else the Shakespearean sonnet. This sonnet falls into three quatrains and a concluding couplet: abab cdcd efef gg. There was one notable variant, the Spenserian sonnet, in which Edmund Spenser linked each quatrain to the next by a continuing rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee. Conceit（夸张）: From the Italian concetto (meaning idea or concept), it refers to an unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings. Poetic conceits are prominent in Elizabethan love sonnets and metaphysical poetry. Conceits often employ the devices of hyperbole, paradox and oxymoron. Neoclassicism（新古典主义）: A style of Western literature that flourished from the mid-seventeenth century until the end of the eighteenth century and the rise of Romanticism. The neoclassicists looked to the great classical writers for inspiration and guidance. They believed that literature should both instruct and delight, and the proper subject of art was humanity. Neoclassicism stressed rules, reason, harmony, balance, restraint, decorum, order, serenity, realism, and form—above all, an appeal to the intellect rather than emotion. The Restoration in 1660 marked the beginning of the Neoclassical Period in England, whose writers included John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson, etc. Romance（传奇小说）: It is a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. Popular subjects for romances included the Macedonian King Alexander the Great, King Arthur of Britain and the Knights of the Round Table, and the Frankish Emperor Charlemagne. Renaissance（文艺复兴）: Renaissance ("rebirth") is the name commonly applied to the period of European history following the Middle Ages. The development came late to England in the

英国文学名词解释

Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. Thus, an allegory is a story with two meaning, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. Bildungsroman: a novel that traces the initiation, development, and education of a young person. Examples are Dickens’s David Copperfield and James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Byronic hero is a character-type found in Byron’s narrative Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. He is a boldly defiant but bitterly self-tormenting outcast, proudly contemptuous of social norms but suffering for some unnamed sin. Emily Bronte’s Heath cliff is a later example. Conceit: a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such as John Donne.. Comedy of manners is a kind of comedy representing the complex and sophisticated code of behavior current in fashionable circles of society, where appearances count for more than true moral character. Its humor relies chiefly on elegant verbal wit and repartee. In England, the comedy of manners flourished as the dominant form of Restoration comedy in the works of Etheredge, Wycherley and Congreve. It was revived in a more subdued form in the 1770s by Goldsmith and Sheridan, and later by Oscar Wilde. An epic is a long narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating and celebrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a nation. Epiphany(顿悟）: a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a seemingly trivial incident Heroic couplet is the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. Intrusive narrator: an omniscient narrator who, in addition to reporting the events of a novel’s story, offers further comments on characters and events, and who sometimes reflects more generally upon the significance of the story. Iambic pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry. Metaphysical poetry: the poetry of John Donne and other 17th-century poets who wrote in a similar style. It is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas . Metaphysical Poetry Metaphysical Poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets try to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. They are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. John Donne is the lead ing figure of the “metaphysical school.” Naturalism: a post--Darwinian movement of the late 19th century that tried to apply the laws of scientific determinism to fiction. The naturalists went beyond the realists’ insistence on the objective presentation of the details of everyday life to insist that the materials of literature

英国文学译文

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