考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译(1994-2005)

考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译

（2005－1994）

2005 Text 1

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour i s regarded as ―all too human‖, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterpart s, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of ―goods and services‖ than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange token s for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.

The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by

[A]. posing a contrast.

[B]. justifying an assumption.

[C]. making a comparison.

[D]. explaining a phenomenon.

22. The statement ―it is all too monkey‖ (Last line, paragraph l) implies that

[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.

[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.

[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.

[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are

[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.

[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.

[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.

[D]. more generous than their male companions

24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys

[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.

[B]. can be taught to exchange things.

[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.

[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.

25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.

[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.

[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

核心词汇：

a fat pay rise涨得很高的工资

vanish （消失，不复存在）The wonderful vanished into thin air.美梦化作泡影I thought it would rain, but the clouds have vanished and it's a fine day.我原以为天要下雨的，可是

云消失了，是个好天。［巧记］van=empty空+ish形容词后缀：倾向于。

colleague （同事，同僚）David is a colleague of mine.戴维是我的同事［巧记］

col=con共同+leag=leg选+ue→共同被选出的。［辨］companion （同伴，共事者）即com 一起+pan面包+ion→一起吃面包→谋生的人。A dog is a faithfull companyion. 狗是忠实的伙伴

reputation （名气，名声，名望）a man of good reputation名誉很好的人Live up to one‘s reputation.不负盛名［巧记］re再一，重新+put思考+ation。

slack （懈怠，懒散）slack work马虎的工作slack laws 不完善的法律Bussiness is slack at this season.这一季节生意萧条The tennis net hung slack.网球的网松悬着［记：谐音］怪物―史莱克‖是―懒散‖的。

outrage （暴行，伤害，激怒）。An outrage against justice.对正义的严重损害Members of Parliament were outraged by the news of bomb outrages in the country.国内发

生了炸弹暴力事件的消息引起了国会议员的义愤［巧记］out过度+rage动怒→―出离愤怒了‖all to human 人所特有的→人性

underling （潜在的，含蓄的）There are underlying similarities between all human beings.人与人之间有内在相似之处The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说内在的主题

很严肃［巧记］under（下面）＋

assumption（假定；承担；呈现）The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions.这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为根据的。Their assumption that their project under way was something entirely new proved to be untrue.他们以为他们正在进行的课题是崭

新的,事实证明不是那样。［记］assume（假设）

grievance /（抱怨，不平，怨愤）to have a grievance against sb.抱怨某人He extravagantce give him a sense of grievance.他的挥霍使他感到不满［巧记］griev=heavy沉重+ance。

capuchin monkey僧帽猴一种原产于美洲的卷尾猴（sapajou），头上有类似风帽的一镞头发

good-natured（和蔼的，和善的）又如：mean-natured 情绪性的sweet-natured 性格温和的

creature（人, 动物, 傀儡, 创造物）She was a poor creature.她曾是个可怜的女人。［巧记］creat（创造）＋ure（尾缀）

tardily（缓慢）形容词：拖拉的。［记：谐音］邋―遢地‖是由于―拖拉‖造成的。

counterpart （对应的人或物）即counter相反+part部分＝―对应的部分‖→对音的人或物。The Red Cross Society of China and its Icelandic counterpart. 中国红十字会和冰岛红十字会Canada‘s Prime Minister is the counterpart of the U.S. president. 加拿大总理相当于美国总统。参见2000年Passage 4 。

candidate （候选人，求职者）Masteral candidate 考研人［巧记］cand白，

发光+id+ate→白色的人→候选人。

in exchange for（作为[对…的]交换[或替代]）［巧记］exchange=ex出+change换→换出

token（象征的东西，代币）Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼泪是快乐的一种奇特的表示We shook hands as a token of our friendship.我们握手，以表示我们的友谊。

slice （薄片，切片；一份，部分）a slice of bread一片面包a slice of good luck.一份好运a book to amuse you, not to give you a slice of life. 一本供你消遣的书，并不是告诉你一段实际生活He sliced his fingers.他用刀切伤了手指。

adjoining （毗连的）The twins have adjoining rooms. 双胞胎的房间是挨着的［巧记］ad 向+join加入，结合+ing行为结果。

chamber（房间, 议院）chamber of the heart 心室In Britain the upper chamber or parliament is the House of Lords, the lower the House of Commons.英国的上议院或国会是贵族议院,下议院是众议院。

in return for （作为[对…的]交换[报答，回报]）He give her some roses in return for her kindnesss.他送她一些玫瑰以报答她的好意

markedly （显著的，明显的）a woman of marked intelligence 聪明过人的女子Tuition at American universities varies markedly depending on the type of instituation and its endowment. 美国各大学的学费有显著差别，这取决于学校的类别和所得到的捐赠基金［巧记］marked （有记号的, 显著的）

luxury （奢侈品，华贵）即lux光亮→豪华+ury。Luxurious adj.豪华舒适的luxuryiate v.纵情享受to luxuryiate in the warm,spring sunshine.尽情享受春日温暖的阳光Cream cakes are no long a luxury.奶油蛋糕再也不是奢侈品了。

reluctant（不愿的，勉强的）Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的——不要不愿使用它们She was very reluctant to admit the truth. 她很不情愿地承认了这事实。［巧记］re反复+luct=lect拾，捡+ant形容词后缀→应为觉得―不称心‖，所以―反复拾捡‖→但最后还是―不情愿的，勉强的‖。参见1994 Passage 5 。

toss （[常与to, away, aside, out连用]扔，抛）He tossed off a few verses of poetry. 他轻而易举地写出了几行诗They tossed the ball to each other.他们把球互相扔来扔去。

induce （劝诱，促使）What induced you to do such a stupid thing? 是什么促使你作出这等蠢事来的人One of these pills is guaranteed to induce sleep. 这些药丸只要一粒

就能使人安眠Too much food induces sleepiness.吃得过饱会产生睡意。［巧记］in往内+duce=duct引导→―步步为营，诱敌深入‖。Presence

resentment （愤恨，怨恨）He was filled with resentment at the way one has been treated. 他因受到如此对待而满腔怨恨Resentment edged his reply.岔恨使他的回答

非常尖锐。［巧记］re去掉，相反+sent感觉+ment→负面的感觉→怨恨。

emotions（激情，情绪，情感）The speaker appealed to our emotions rather to our minds. 演讲者激发了我们的情感而不是启发我们的思考Love, hatred, and grief are emotion.爱、恨、悲伤都是感情。

righteous （正当的，正直的，公正的）righteous indignation义愤Don‘t adopt

that righteous tone of voice! 别用那种一本正经的腔调说话。（贬）［巧记］right 正确

的+eous 。

indignation （愤慨, 义愤）indignation against a handful of terrorists. 对一小撮恐怖分子的义愤［巧记］in往里+dig挖+nation民族→挖民族→比挖祖坟还难受→能不愤慨吗？［记］形容词：indignant

preserve （保存，保护，保护区）preserve one‘s eyesight 保护视力God preserve us! 上帝保佑我们吧The fishing in this stretch of river is strictly preserved. 此河段严禁外人捕鱼The Town Council spent a lot of money to preserve the old castle and other places of historic interest.市政委员会花了不少钱来维修那座古城堡和其它古迹。

reward （报酬，奖金；值得）One reward of my job is meeting people. 我在工作中的收获是能认识许多人As well as the stained glass,the carring on the roof also reward attention.屋顶上的雕刻和彩色玻璃一样值得注意It's a reward for virtue.那是对美德的回报。

abundantly（丰富地，充裕地）He‘s made his views abundantly c lear.他已经充分表明自己的观点［记］名词：abundance 形容词：abundant

evolve（逐渐形成，进化）The American constitution was planed;the British constitution evolved.美国宪法是精心制订的，英国宪法是约定俗成的The developmental history of the society tells us that man has evolved from the ape.

社会发展史告诉我们人是从类人猿进化来的。

as yet 至今为止

stem from（源于… 有…造成）a talented art critic stemming from a painter. 出生画家，富有才干的评论家

ancestor （祖先，祖宗）His ancestors had come to England as refugess.他的祖先来到英国的时候是难民［巧记］an=ante前+cest=cess行走，前进+or→走在前面的人→祖先。[比较记忆] descendant 作―后裔，子孙‖解，而作―下降（的）‖解，一般拼成descendent

incline（[常与to, towards连用]倾向于，趋于）I incline to fatness.我有些发胖。

难句分析：

①Such behaviour is regarded as ―all too human‖, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.

前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短语regard…as…的被动形式；with加名词作状语，即―带有潜在的假定‖，其中assumption后接有that引导的同位语从句解释说明假定的内容。翻译：这种行为被看作是―人之长情‖，他潜在的假定就是其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的不公平意识。

②But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

▲本句的主干是a study…Suggests that…其中主语study有两个定语：一个是介词结构by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal…, 另一个是which应导的非限定性定语从句；谓语动词suggests后面的that 引导一个宾语从句。

③However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

▲本句是一个复合句，开始是when引导的时间状语从句，其中包含so that 应导的目的状语从句，而observe后面又是what应导的宾语从句；最后是主句their behavior become

markedly different。

翻译：当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。

④And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .

▲本句是一个复合句，开始是if 引导的条件状语从句，第一个逗号之后的部分是主句：the other either tossed her own token…or refused to…，其中包含两个并列的谓语，tossed 和refused。

△本句的难点是找到主句的三个并列谓语，并判断出第二个谓语tossed被省略。

⑤However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

▲本句的主语很复杂，由whether…or (是…还是..)结构充当，其中whether…引导一个名词性从句，or…后面也是一个名词性从句，而且这一从句的宾语ancestor后面的that引导一个定语从句，修饰ancestor;谓语由系动词(is)+表语(an unanswered question)构成。As it 是一个插入语，意思是―迄今为止‖。注意：本句的主语由两个从句充当。

△这种―头重脚轻‖的句子在学术文章中很常见，阅读时应该迅速把握主干，进而再理解复杂的主语成分。插入语可先跳过不看。

试题解析：

这篇文章是讲猴子有一种天然的公平意识，文章本身难度不是太大，一开始做了一个类比，讲人的公平意识。然后根据这个类比，文章重点谈猴子们的公平意识。这篇对比性的文章两个方面要理解，第一，人类和猴子之间都有一种近似的表现，当受到不公正待遇的时候，都有义愤填膺的感觉，如果把握这个逻辑，就是类比的逻辑。第二, 最后两段关于选择的实验的对象以及实验的结果。

21题[C] 难度0.246

考察第一段的写作手法，明显用的是猴和人之间的相似形的比较关系。关于contrast和compare，两者的词性不同。contrast多用来进行对比，即不同事物之间的比较。而compare 多用于类比，即同类事物之间的比较。

A选项posing a contrast意思是提出一个对比，但是请注意，提出不代表对这个对比做出分析。而原文第一段明显是对人和猴子这个对比做出了分析，因此应该是making a comparison，即对一个对比做出了分析。post仅仅是―提出‖的意思，而原文中作者是通过做具体的对比而得出结论，所以，―make‖这个词应该更准确。而且，参考上面所说的contrast

和compare的区别，更应该选择C选项。

B选项justifying an assumption意思是证明一种假设，但是第一段的意思是人与猴子的比较，而不是什么假设。这个也是很强的干扰项。

D选项explaining a phenomenon.意思是解释一种现象，但是文章第一段的意思是人与猴之间的比较，而不是在解释什么东西，只是进行一种比较罢了。

22题[B] 难度0.368 区分度.0.351

也是在把猴子和人做类比，指出猴子与人一样都抱怨不公平。

A选项m onkey s are also outraged by slack rivals.是说猴子也会由于懒惰的竞争者而愤怒。但是，猴子不是因为懒惰的人才愤怒，而是因为不公平。

C选项m onkey s, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other的意思是猴子也和人一样嫉妒彼此。但是从文章看出，中心思想是讨论猴子对于公平的敏感性，因此C选项只是陈述了其中的一个现象而已，而不是体现了中心思想。文章中只提到了对于不公平所产生的愤怒感，但这个和嫉妒是两码事。这种题属于用小范围替代大范围的干扰项。

D选项more generous than their male companions是说雌性猴子比雄性猴子更慷慨，大方。但是从原文看出，文章的意思是雌猴子更加注重她们获得的东西。文章的中心思想是说猴子对于公平性的敏感，因此与慷慨大方之类的没有关系。做题时要把握好中心思想，这样就容易排除选项了

23题[A] 难度0.383 区分度.0.437

这个是事实细节题，答案是根据文章第二段末和第三段第一句话得到的，雌性的猴子被选择做研究，是因为她们更加注重她们获得的东西。

B选项attentive to researchers' instructions意思是听研究人员的话，而问题Female capuchin m onkey s were chosen for the research most probably because则是指为什么雌性猴子被选择做研究，由文章可看出，应该是由于雌猴子的对公平的更强烈的敏感性。原文只是提到了雌性猴子之间比较容易合作。

C选项nice in both appearance and temperament是说在外表和脾气上都很好，这个基本上是命题者编造的干扰项，如果你明白了文章的大意的话，就不会选择这个答案了。因为整篇文章和外表没有任何联系的。而且题目问的是最主要的原因，所以C选项不予考虑。

D选项more generous than their male companions的意思是说比雄猴子更大方，但是之所以选择雌猴子是因为她们对公平性更敏感。D选项基本上和主题是背道而驰的，所以属于比较明显的干扰项。

24题[C] 难度0.805 区分度.0.470

他们最终的发现是什么，篇章最后两段反复重复，如果没有受到公平的话。

A选项prefer grapes to cucumbers是说猴子比起葡萄来更喜欢黄瓜，但是这和题目根本没有关系，属于搞笑类干扰项....原文中虽然提到过，但是算不上什么―最终的发现‖。

B选项can be taught to exchange things是说猴子能被训练得交换东西，这个就是太表面的意思了，但是和文章主题基本没关系嘛，文章的主题一定要把握好。

D选项are unhappy when separated from others说的是当她们被分开时会不高兴，但是原文中可以看出，不高兴是因为她们看到另外的猴子得到了更好的东西，而不是因为被分开。猴子哪里会这么怕孤单

25题[B] 难度0.584 区分度.0.327

这篇文章第一段和最后一段都出现一个词，"假设"为什么猴和人都有这种心理反应，这个问

题没有得以解决。

A选项M onkey s can be trained to develop social emotions意思与文章的中心思想不符。文章是想说明猴子对于公平的敏感性，而不是猴子能被训练具有社会性的情感。而且这个选项在原文中也没有依据，所谓的社会性情感原文没有提及。你从最后一段的as yet, an unanswered question可看出，刚好和B选项的an uncertain source想对应。这种题要注意一定要找到有原文依据的选项。而且social emotions是猴子天生就有的，谈不上delevop这个词。

C选项Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do的意思是动物经常像人类一样的公开表露感情。但是文章最后一段并没有讲这个问题，而是在强调动物对于公平的敏感性。C选项本身没有错，但是不符合题目要求。

D选项Cooperation among m onkey s remains stable only in the wild的意思是猴子之间在野外才能稳定。这个基本上没什么道理可说，和文章的中心思想没有联系。你从最后一段的as yet, an unanswered question可看出，刚好和B选项的an uncertain source想对应。这种题要注意一定要找到有原文依据的选项

全文翻译：

人人都喜欢大幅加薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带

给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。这

种行为被看作是―人之长情‖，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意

识。但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal进行的一项研究

表明，它也是―猴之常情‖。这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。它们看起来很可爱，性格温顺，合作，

乐于分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注―商品和服务‖价值。

这些特性使它们成为Brosnan 和de Waal理想的研究对象。研究者们花了两年的时间教这

些猴子用代币换取食物。正常情况下，猴子很愿意用几块石头换几片黄瓜。但是，当两个猴

子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的

行为就会变的明显不同。

在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎得多）。所以当一只猴子用一个代币

换回一颗葡萄时，第二只猴子就不愿意用自己的代币换回一片黄瓜。如果一只猴子根本无需

用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，

或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。事实上，只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（不管有没有猴子吃它），

都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。

研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受社会情感的影响。在野外，它们是相互合作

的群居动物。只有当每只猴子感到自己没有受到欺骗时，这种合作才可能稳定。不公平而引

起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其

它成员。但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前

他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。

2005 Text 2

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.

There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the pane l's report ―Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.‖

Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.

Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of ―paralysis by analysis‖.

To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research but research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start .Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that

[A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.

[B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.

[C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.

[D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.

27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as

[A]. a protector.

[B]. a judge.

[C]. a critic.

[D]. a guide.

28. What does the author mean by ―paralysis by analysis‖ (Last line, paragraph 4)

[A]. Endless studies kill action.

[B]. Careful investigation reveals truth.

[C]. prudent planning hinders.

[D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.

29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming

[A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.

[B]. Raise public awareness of conservation.

[C]. Press for further scientific research.

[D]. Take some legislative measures.

30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because

[A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence.

[B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.

[C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.

[D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse.

核心词汇：

inconclusive （非结论性的，不确定的）Inconclusive evidence 无效的证据［巧记］n+con一起+clus=close,shut关闭+ive。

lobby （门厅，接待室；向[议员等]进行游说[或疏通]）the antinuclear lobby are

becoming stronger.向议员游说的反核群众声势渐涨

antismoking(禁止吸烟[的]) ［记］前缀anti 表否定

nonsense(胡说, 废话) Stop that nonsense, children!别胡闹了，孩子们！She told me that the moon was made of cheese. What nonsense!她告诉我月亮是奶酪做的，真是胡说八道！［巧记］non(不)+sense(理解,认识) →胡说八道

grave (墓穴, 坟墓) (adj.严重的, (颜色)黯淡的, (声音)低沉的v.雕刻, 铭记) grave as a judge

非常严肃His face was grave as he told them about the bankcrutcy of his business.他把他的商行破产的事告诉他们时脸色十分凝重。

panel (面板,座谈小组, 全体陪审员) The date for the panel discussion is fixed now.座谈会的日期现已确定。What do / does the panel think of this?小组里的人对此有什么看法?

definitely(明确地, 干脆地) I can't tell you definitely when I will come.我不能肯定地告诉你我什么时候来。He is definitely coming.他一定来。

parallel（类似的事物，平行线）parallel lines平行线A parallel circuit 并联电路There are curious parallels between medicine and low.医学和法律之间有着奇特的相似之处［记］unparallel(不平行的,独一无二的)［巧记］para并排。

pour （倾泻，涌出；倒）Summerpours warm sunlight into the valley.夏日炙热的阳光泻进山谷peports of new successs keep pouring.捷报频传It never rains but its pours. 不下则以，一下就大雨倾盆。to pour a large sum of money into a project把大笔资金投入一项工程[喻]祸不单行。

fume([浓烈或难闻的]烟, 气体)(n.一阵愤怒(或不安)v.用烟熏, 冒烟, 发怒) "'Was the boss angry?' 'Yes, he was really fuming.'"'老板生气了吗?''是的,他气得七窍冒烟。Petrol fumes from car engines poison the atmosphere.汽车引擎排放的汽油烟气毒化着大气。

prudent （审慎的，谨慎的）prudent in speech 慎言be modest and prudent 谦虚谨慎the prudent us of resources 资源的节约使用It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out.在寒冷的天气下外出时带上件厚外套是谨慎的。［巧记］p不+rude 粗鲁的+ent形容词后缀→不粗即细也。[反义词]imprudent

paralysis （瘫痪）infantile paralysis 小儿麻痹症a paralysis of trade 贸易停顿［巧记］para=beside,alongside旁，侧。参见2003年Text 2。

Steward （管家，管事；服务员，乘务员）an air stewardess 空中小姐

legislative （立法的）看作leg词根―法律‖（参allegation宣称，2003年Text 2）+is是+lat(e) 迟的+ion名词后缀→法律是迟的→所以要不断―立法‖与事俱进哦 。Legislative reform is long overdue. 立法方面的改革早该进行。参见1999 Passage 4 。

initiative （主动的行动，首创精神）an initiative proposal 初步提议a man who lacks the initiative to be a leader. 缺乏当领导人应具备的主动精神It‘s up to this country to take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons. 这个国家应该主动提出禁止核武器[记]动词initiate(开始, 发动, 传授)

crucial （至关重要的，决定性的）A crucial experiencee艰难的经历a crucial incision （外科手术的）十字形切开［巧记］curc十字+ia形容词后缀→处在十字路口

的→紧要关头。

negligence(.疏忽，玩忽) ［记］动词neglect(疏忽，忽视)

aggravate(使恶化, 加重) Grief aggravated her illness.痛苦加重了她的病情。If he aggravates me any more I shall punish him.如果他再惹我生气,我就要惩罚他。

难句解析：

①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. 主干部分是The latest was a panel，表语panel后接有两个定语成分：from的介词短语和含enlisted的过去分词，即―白宫召集的、来自国家科学院的专家团‖，其中第二个定语成分中又包含一个不定式结构，表目的，即―为了告诉我们……而召集的（专家团）‖。

翻译：最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。

②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.‖

该句子的主干是由and连接的两个并列从句，前一分句的主干是science…provide us with…guide；后一分句的主干是it is critical，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句的主干是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments 后接有两个定语结构，一是that引导的定语从句，一是concerning分词结构。

翻译：但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。

③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。

该句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as结构做比较状语，意为―正如…一样‖；insisting 引导的分词结构做定语修饰主语voice，分词结构中含有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的真实主语是不定式结构to keep…

翻译：就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。

④Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive ,the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?

▲这里有三个问句，第一个问句的主干是Do you remember all those years…,后面的when引导的定语从句修饰前面的名词years,定语从句由but连接的两个句子组成;的二个问句和第三

个问句各自句首的that都引导一个宾语从句，都承第一个问句省略了主句Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted…;the science uncertain 承前省略了was。

通过结构分析我们知道这几个句子都是围绕第一个问句的主干部分展开的并列疑问句，因此我们则在阅读中应弄清楚句子的层次，逐一分析。

⑤Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of ―paralysis by analysis‖.

▲Instead of 表示否定；破折号后面的部分不是修饰前面的名词research,而是说明前面的整个句子。Paralysis analysis 的意思是―研究导致瘫痪‖，就是无休止的研究一件事，致使最终没有任何行动。

试题解析：

第二篇文章是一篇一般的时事性文章，这也是一篇类比，考完了以后很多考生说这篇文章讲抽烟，其实不是的，作者讲抽烟是想说明现在的温室效应，也是一种类比，许多人抽烟没有人去管，因为缺乏足够的证据,咱们各国政府也不管温室效应, 也是同样的原因。中心讲的是世界各个政府对温室效应的解决的态度，篇章的关键词围绕这样三个问题展开，第一个就是证据不充足。第二是科学的意义。第三是制定法律，尤其最后三段大量出现立法和法规的现象。

26题[C] 难度0.108 此题难度非常大，只有十分之一的人做对了。由题目定位到文章第一段这一句：That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? 意为：怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？这句话其实就是讲，人们有权选择自己的生活方式，政府无权干预。因此联系到C选项：人们有选择自己生活方式的自由。入选。

A选项意为：没有科学证据来证明吸烟和死亡的相关性。这个选项应该是最强的干扰项，估计有不少朋友都选了这个选项。请看文章第一段这句话：That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain?意思是证据是非结论性的，科学无法确定。但是要注意，这只说明了所谓的不确定性，但是绝对不是说没有证据。举个例子，假设甲怀疑乙偷了东西，那么乙偷东西这件事就具有不确定性和非结论性，但是我们不能说乙就是偷了东西或是没偷东西。这种属于似是而非的干扰项，大家以后要注意。

B选项意为：在过去的几十年里，因为吸烟而过早去世的人的总数无关紧要。这个显然不对，文章是很重视这种数据的。

即使没有明确指出，但是也决不能说是无关紧要的。

D选项意为：反对吸烟者经常胡言乱语。这个选项更不着边了，文章第一段提到了Lots of Americans bought that nonsense，但是这只是说明大多数美国人都相信了这些胡言乱语，而这些所谓的胡言乱语不一定就是反对吸烟者说的，而且更谈不上经常这个词。

27题[D] 难度0.820 区分度.0.367

请看原文第二段的这句话：But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future。可以看到有guide这个词，而且意思也是说科学是走向未来的向导。因此D选项入选。

A选项意为：一个保护者。这个无从谈起，文章没有说过科学具有什么保护作用。

B选项意为：一个法官。这个在原文第二段有这么句话：the best judgments that science can provide。但是请注意，judgment是判断的意思，也就说科学能够提供有效的判断依据，而不是充当什么法官或是判决者。

C选项意为；一个批评家。这个不解释了，应该不会有人选呵呵。

28题[A] 难度0.570 区分度.0.477

首先要搞清楚这个短句是什么意思：分析导致麻痹。引申一下，也就是过多的研究导致了行动不能。通过文章也能看出，文章第四段最后they continue to press for more research，即为他们持续的督促进行更多研究。联系A选项：无止境的研究扼杀了行动。因此A入选。

B选项意为：仔细的研究才能揭示事实。这个本意上是没错，但是文章中并未体现出来。文章只是提到了研究这个话题，但是没有涉及―仔细研究‖这种观点。

C选项意为：过于谨慎的计划会影响前进。同B选项，文章没有涉及谨慎这个说法。因此不能入选。

D选项意为：广泛的研究能帮助决策的制定。文章并未涉及广泛这个话题，因此也排除。

29题[D] 难度0.761 区分度.0.476

由题目定位到原文最后一段这句话：If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures。可以看出，作者希望管理部门能主动采取一些立法行动。因此联系到D选项:采取一些法律措施。入选。

A选项意为：给建造清洁能源的工厂提供帮助。文章最后一段提到了new power plants to meet our energy needs，但是只是说新能源，并没有说是清洁能源。而且这个也不是管理部门应该做的事。

B选项意为：提高全民对可持续发展的认识（这个翻译挺专业吧呵呵 ）同样，这个选项本身没有错，但是文章并没有指出这个是管理部门Administration应该做的事，因此不能入选。

C选项意为：促进更多的科学研究。28题已经说明了，过多的科学研究会导致麻痹。因此作者是反对这种做法的，自然不能入选。

30题[B] 难度0.488 区分度.0.386

这个题就要大家对全文有宏观的把握了。可以看出，从文章一开始谈论吸烟的问题，到第二段转入全球变暖的问题，到最后切回吸烟问题。文章最后一段可以看出，作者要反映的就是政府对待类似问题应该采取某种措施。而支持这种观点的论据就是前面所讲的吸烟和全球变暖两件事。所以可以看出，作者前面想表达的思想就是如果对待全球变暖的态度也和对待吸烟一样，后果将很严重。因此，联系B选项：后者的教训也同样适用于前者。入选。

A选项意为：他们同样是由于政府的疏忽而造成的。这个明显是夸大其词了，因为政府对这两件事是关注的，只不过处理的方法不对。

C选项意为：后者的成果恶化了前者。这个纯属无稽之谈，吸烟或许对全球变暖有影响（烟的成分有二氧化碳嘛？），但是文章根本没有提到这一点。两者之间没有因果的联系。

D选项意为：两者都变得越来越糟。这个也是典型的似是而非的干扰项。表面上看起来没错，但是这根本不是作者引用两者的原因，作者的目的不是为了说明两者的恶化，而是为了通过两者的共性来表明自己的观点，具体参见B选项的解释。

全文翻译：

还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。

现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。国家科学院院长Bruce Alberts在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：―科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。

就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。这是一个危险的游戏；到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。

幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的―分析导致麻痹案例‖。

为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极推进对于大气和海洋的深入研究。但只有研究是不够的。如果政府不争取立法上的主动权，国会就应该帮助政府开始采取保护措施。弗吉尼亚的民主党议员Robert Byrd提出一项议案，从经济上激励私企，就是一个良好的开端。许多人看到这个国家正准备修建许多新的发电厂，以满足我们的能源需求。如果我们准备保护大气，关键要让这些新发电厂对环境无害。

2005 Text 3

Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just ―mental noise‖ the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is ―off-line‖ And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us

sleep and feel better, ―It's your dream‖ says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. ―If you don't like it , change it.‖

Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the ―emotional brain‖)is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. ―We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day‖ says Stanford sleep researcher Dr, Wi lliam Dement.

The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright‘s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don‘t always think about the emotional significance of the day‘s events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.

And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or ―we wake u p in a panic,‖Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.For the rest of us; the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.

31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams

[A]. can be modified in their courses.

[B]. are susceptible to emotional changes.

[C]. reflect our innermost desires and fears.

[D]. are a random outcome of neural repairs.

32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show

[A]. its function in our dreams.

[B]. the mechanism of REM sleep.

[C]. the relation of dreams to emotions.

[D]. its difference from the prefrontal cortex.

33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to

[A]. aggravate in our unconscious mind.

[B]. develop into happy dreams.

[C]. persist till the time we fall asleep.

[D]. show up in dreams early at night.

34.Cartwright seems to suggest that

[A]. waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.

[B]. visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control.

[C]. dreams should be left to their natural progression.

[D]. dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.

35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?

[A]. lead your life as usual.

[B]. Seek professional help.

[C]. Exercise conscious control.

[D]. Avoid anxiety in the daytime.

核心词汇：

component （组成部分，部件，元件）Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife. 刀身和刀柄是刀的组成部分［巧记］=componere,即com全体+ponere放置。

suspend （暂停，中止；悬挂）suspend particles of dust.悬浮在空中的尘埃suspend a football player. 一名球员被暂停比赛The magazine suspended 杂志暂时停刊Freud 弗洛伊德（1856～1939）奥地利神经精神病学家，精神分析创始人

formulate （构想出，系统地阐述）formulate one‘s ideas into a theory. 系统地阐述自己的思想使之成为理论the contract was formulated in difficult legal languagee. 该合同使用深噢的法律术语订立的［巧记］formula(公式,方程式)

revolutionary（革命的，重大变革的）a revolutionary machine 一部创新的机器Genetic engineering will have revolutionary consequences for markind.遗传工程将对人类产生深远的影响［巧记］re+volu=roll,turn 转，滚卷+tion +ary。

disguise （伪装，掩饰）He disguised himself as a woman.他假扮成一女子。The Prime Minister couldn‘t disguise his anger. 首相怒形于色It is impossible to disguise the fact

that finance is bad.财政困难这一事实是无法隐瞒的。

unconscious （下意识的，无意识的；失去知觉的）即un无+con共同+sic=know知道+ous。an unconscious slight 无意的冒犯He lay unconsciouss for some hours.他昏迷了好几个小时

neurologist（神经病学家, 神经科医师）neuro-神经。neural 神经系统的

switch（转变，转向）Switch the conversation to a different topic. 改变谈话的话题He switched his horse to make it go faster.他挥鞭以策马

random （随机的，任意的）at random 无目标地a random guess随意乱猜a random talk 漫谈draw the winning numbers at random. 任意抽出的中奖数字

byproduct （副产品）An increasee in crime is one of the byproducts of unemployment. 犯罪率增加是失业问题造成的恶果[联想记忆] bypass 旁路、小道bywork 副业byname 绰号

thermostat （调温器）［巧记］thermo=of heat 热的

regulate （调节；管理，控制）reg=rule统治，控制。The volume of economic activity was regulated by the supply of money. 经济活动范围的大小是受提供资金的多少制约的

harness （治理，利用）harness a river 治河harnesss nuclear energy 利用核能harnesss indivdual talents to a comm.on end. 把各人的才能用于一个共同的目标

occur （出现，发生）Fish occur in most waters. 大多数江河湖海中都有鱼That sound doesn‘t occur in his language. 他讲的语言中没有这个音

limbic system （[大脑]边缘系统）

prefrontal cortex （[大脑]前额叶皮层）

recur （反复出现，再发生）re+cur跳，发生。This theme recurs constantly throughout

the opera.这一主旋律在该歌剧中不断出现Thoughts of home and family recurred to the lonely

traveler.对家人和亲人的思恋重新浮上孤寂旅人的心头

visualize（想象；使形象化）vis=see看。I cann‘t visualize myself eve r

getting married. 我不能想象我有朝一日能结婚

significance（重要性：重要的状态或性质）Few peoplee realized the significance of the discovery.很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性［巧记］sign=mark 记号，标记。

persistent（持续的，坚持不懈的）She eventually married the most persistent of her admires. 她终于嫁给了最执著追求她的人［巧记］即per从头到尾+sist=stand 站立+ent→始终站立着→坚持。[联想记忆]insistent(坚持不懈的) The dean's very insistent that they should finish the papers in time.系主任非常坚决地要求他们按时完成论文。

nightmare （梦魇，恶梦）I have nightmare about falling off a cliff.我做梦梦见从悬崖上摔下来［巧记］night夜+mare母马

therapist（治疗学家）a psychology therapist 心理治疗专家[联想记忆] psychotherapy 心理疗法

at the end of the day(说穿了,说到底,说白了)I don‘t really wish to earn a lot of money, I just want to be healthy. At the end of the day, that‘s what reall y matters.我并不希望赚大钱,我只希望身体健康.说到底,这才是真正重要的.

难句解析：

①And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better,

该句子的主干是间接引语，其宾语是that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句的主干是these events can be not only harnessed but actually brought……，其中not only…but(also) 并列连词结构连接两

2015-211 翻译硕士英语

第 1 页共9 页

12. His proposal is __________ to our interests. A. adverse B. diverse C. averse D. reverse 13. Mr. Wilson is ____________ in his work. A. sufficient B. deficient C. proficient D. efficient 14. You’d better put a __________ on that cut finger. A. string B. band C. bandage D. cloth 15. Turntable, amplifier and speaker are ___________ of a phonograph. A. compounds B. compositions C. composites D. components 16. As a result of careless washing the jacket __________ to a child’s size. A. shrank B. condensed C. decreased D. compressed 17. All things ____________, the planned trip will have to be called off. A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered 18. During the conference the speaker tried to _________ his feeling concerning the urgency of a favorable decision. A. comply B. impose C. imply D. convey 19. I can’t afford a car, so I guess I’ll have to __________. A. do without it B. do without C. be without D. be without it 20. They seldom paid us high ___________, even if we did our best to do the job. A. complement B. compliment C. implement D. supplement 21. Weight is an inherent ___________ of matter. A. propriety B. prosperity C. property D. privilege 22. I haven’t booked a ticket. I’m taking a chance __________ the theatre not being full. A. on B. for C. in D. to 23. The travelers ___________ themselves after a short break. A. refreshed B. resumed C. renewed D. restored 24. The doorway was too low that he had to ____________ to go through it. A. scoop B. snoop C. sloop D. stoop 25. He could not help walking to and fro, for he was _________ at the false accusation. A. indifferent B. indignant C. indicative D. indigenous 26. Don’t be so ____________, spend your money more carefully. A. extravagant B. extraordinary C. extramarital D. extrasensory 27. At last the two armies ____________ at the railway station. A. convicted B. converged C. converted D. compelled 28. The company has really _________ since the chief engineer joined us. A. flattered B. fluttered C. flourished D. flushed 29. Tigers’ coats are tawny with black ___________. A. stripes B. strikes C. strolls D. strides 30. After ____________ the window open, the burglar sneaked into the house and took away all he had. A. prying B. plying C. pluming D. probing 第 2 页共9 页

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Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

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点与文章中、题干中的关键词结合起来，仔细分析，找出其中的联系，学会定位原文，这就是熟悉作者的出题思路和掌握自己的做题思路。 错不怕，重分析，做总结，心态调整好 做题的过程中，难免有些同学偶尔发现自己的错题过多，不要焦 躁与灰心，错题分析的过程中就是总结提升的过程。只要发现问题实 行总结，相信到最后好的结果一定等着我们。考题的难度就是历年真 题的难度，但是只要反复练习，整理思路，持续提升，在自己的水平 范围内拿到更高的分数，就是成功。

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