9A unit 1知识点和同步习题

Unit 1 Star Signs

一、重点词汇

单词：

divide, similar, energetic, active, impatient, Ieader, selfish, stubborn, patient, curious, save, confident, modest, practical, fair, elegant, peace, argue, silly, forgive, mistake, humorous, differently, easy-going, dream, unfair, inactive, explain, balloon, experiment, laboratory, toothache, dentist, butterfly, clone, awake, around, available, lively, Students' Union, difference, mark, organized, extra, personal, quality

短语：

1．bring me the newspaper 给我带报纸来

2．have lots to eat and drink 有许多吃的、喝的

3．worry about not doing 为不干某事而担心

4．．be familiar with 时……熟悉

5．be divided into 被分成

6．at times 有时

7．give up easily 轻易放弃

8．be curious about sth 对……好奇

9．take care of others 照顾别人

10. buy sb. sth. 给……买

11. worry too much 担心太多

12. pay attention to 注意

13. argue with sb. 与某人争论

14. keep secrets 保密

15. have lots of energy 有很多精力

16. forgive sb for sth. 原谅某人做某事

17. be good at 擅长

18. dream about 梦想

19. care only about oneself 只关心自己

20. have a good sense of humour 有幽默感

21. all kinds of 各种各样

22. spend...doing 花……做

23. explain...to... 对……解释

24. show off 炫耀

25. at all times 总是

26. around the middle of the month 在这个月中旬左右

27. come up with 想出

28. be available on request 根据要求是可提供的

29. have fun(in) doing 开心做某事

30. have problems with 在……方面有问题

31. be suitable for 适合

32. get full marks 得满分

33. recommend sb as 推荐某人作为……

34. mind doing 介意做

二、重要句型

1.You shouldn't worry about not having breakfast then. 你不必担心没有早饭吃。

worry about意为“担心”，后接名词、代词宾格或动名词。

Don't worry about me.别担心我。

2. A year is divided int0 12 different star signs. 一年被分为12个不同的星座。

divide.．．into.意为“把……划分为……”。

The English teacher divided the class into groups.

英语老师把班级分成小组。

be divided into.被分成……（为被动语态结构）

The students were divided into four groups.

学生们被分成四组。

3. Mr Wu spends a lot of time explaining things to us,

吴老师花很多时间为我们讲解。

spend动词，意为“花（钱、时间）；花费；度过”。常用搭配：spend. on sth花费……在……方面

spend... (in) doing sth. 花费……做……

I spend the whole day doing the housework

我花丁一整天的时间做家务。

4. I don't think he'd be able to organize tlungs well. 我认为他不能很好地组织事情。

think如果接一个否定意义的宾语从句，此否定形式往往转移到主句动词think上。可以用这种表达方式的动词还有：believe，guess，suppose等等。

I don't believe you are right 我相信你是不对的。

5. Who else would be more suitable? 还有谁会更适合呢？

else作形容词时，常跟在疑问代词、疑问副词或不定代词之后，表示“别的，其它的”。

Where else will you go?你还要去什么其它的地方？

other也有“别的，其它的”意思，通常与any，some，no及定冠词the搭配使用，表示另外一些；与every搭配使用，表示“每隔……”，如：every other two weeks每隔两周；后面接可数名词单数形式时，other前面必须有限定词，否则只能用another。

Do you have any other books on this subject?

你还有其它这学科方面的书吗？

三、核心语法

1. It's nice of you to bring me the newspaper, Hobo. 雹波，你给我带报纸来真是太好了。

It's+adj. +of sb+to do sth.这种结构通常表示人内在的品质，常用的形容词如：kind, polite，nice，generous，silly，clever等等。

It's generous of him to share things with his friends.

他很大方，跟他的朋友分享东西。

It's十adj. +for sb to do sth．这种结构中的形容词通常是描述攀物的特性。如：easy，difficult，dangerous，important，necessary等等。

It's important for us to be careful with fire.

小心防火对于我们是很重要的。

在以上两个甸型中，如何正确判断用of还是用for，还可以将原句型转化为

“sb/sth+be+adj. +to do”结构后，看哪一个句意通顺。

2. sb is十(not) adj.+enough+to do 某人足够…做某事

用这结构表达一个人的特性、能力。

She is clever enough to work out the maths problem easily.

她很聪明，很容易地将这道数学题解决了。

有时可以转化为句型：It's+adj. +of sb+to do sth．

She is clever enough to work out the maths problem easily.

It's clever of her to work out the maths problem easily.

not.enough to还常与too.…to,so.…that结构进行转换，但前蹰者是简单句，后者是复合句。

He isn't old enough to go to school. 他太小，还不能上学。

= He is too young to go to school.

= He is so young that he can't go to school.

Comic strip & Welcome to the unit

I．翻译下列短语

1．星座__________ 2．担心__________

3．吃早饭__________ 4．带给某人某物__________

5．感到饿__________ 6．有许多吃的喝的__________

Ⅱ．写出下列星座的中文名称

Aries_______ Taurus_______ Gemini_______

Cancer_______ Leo_______ Virgo_______

Libra_______ Scorpio_______ Sagittarius_______

Capricorn_______Aquarius_______Pisces_______

Ⅲ．用所给词的适当形式填空

1. You shouldn't worry about _______ (not pass) the exam.

2. It's nice of you________(carry) water for the old man

3. We have lots of homework _______(do) when you leave

4. Do you know the_______(west) culture?

5. He wants to learn_______ (much) about the language than history.

6. It's nice of her _______(help) me find the way to the zoo.

7. It's very_______(interest) to read star signs.

8.I can see two_______(fish) in the basket.

9. The Students' Union_______(need)a new chair person.

IV．单项选择

1. The sign_______ you can't park your car here.

A. writes

B. tells

C. reads

D. says

2. You'd better_______ your homework here tomorrow. Don't forget it again.

A. bring

B. carry

C. take

D. catch

3. It is kind_______you to recommend me as the new chairperson

A. about

B. on

C．of D. for

4. I still have_______to do, but I'm so tired.

A．lot B．a lot of

C．lots D．Lots of

5. It's hard_______me to learn English well.

A. of B for

D. at D. to

6. There are 12_______in a year.

A. stars sign

B.star signs

C.stars' sign

D. stars' sings

7. You shouldn't worry about not_______ breakfast then.

A. have B having

C. to have

D. Had

V. 根据汉语意思完成下列各句

1．你帮助穷人真是太善良了。

It's very_______you_______ help the poor.

2．不用担心没有看完这本书。

Don't_______ not, _______ the book

3．请给我带点午饭来，我饿了。

_______ me some lunch here. I_______.

4．一年有十二个不同的星座。

There are 12_______．

Ⅵ. 阅读写作

Altogether there are twelve animal signs in the Chinese calendar. It is said that a person has similar characteristics to those of the animal that rules the year of his or her birth. Here is a brief description of the animal signs.

The Rat (1948, 1960, 1972, 1984, 1996)

You are very generous, smart and hard-working. You have many friends, but not all of them are loyal to you.

The Ox (1949, 1961, 1973, 1985, 1997)

You are honest, friendly and peaceful. You can be stubborn

The Tiger(1950, 1962, 1974, 1986, 1998)

You are confident. You are brave and are never afraid.

The Rabbit(1951, 1963, 1975, 1987, 1999)

You are a good planner and love to help others. You love your family. You are lucky in business and can be very successful:

The Dragon(1952, 1964, 1976, 1988, 2000)

You are energetic and good at sports,but sometimes impatient. You can be a good leader.

The Snake(1953, 1965, 1977, 1989, 2001)

You are very beautiful but can be selfish at times. You are a humorous person.

The Horse(1954, 1966, 1978, 1990, 2002)

You are outgoing and always happy. You are also patient. You are a loyal friend and your friends know you will always be there for them

The Goat (19 55, 1967, 1979, 1991, 2003)

You are a creative and peaceful person You like to look on the positive side of things. Sometimes you care too much about details.

The Monkey(1956, 1968, 1980, 1992, 2004)

You are very clever. You are also confident and attractive. You have a good sense of humour.

The Rooster(1957, 1969, 1981, 1993, 2005)

You are honest, You are hard-working and always want attention．

The Dog (1946, 1958, 1970, 1982, 1994)

You are a loyal friend. You are very generous, patient and responsible.

The Pig(1947, 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995)

You are kind,but quiet and shy. You have many friends, but you do not like talking about your feelings.

根据上面的阅读，你能写一篇60词左右的简介，向你的笔友介绍你自己，或者向你的同桌介绍你的朋友和家人。

___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________. Ⅶ．在上面关于属相的短文里你能解释下列词或短语的含义吗？试试看从中选择一些来描述你熟悉的人

be loyal to sb be confident be friendly be stubborn be successful be energetic loe patient/impatient be selfish/unselfish be humorous be outgoing be creative be attractive be hard-working be generous be responsible be shy

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________.

Reading

I. 根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式

1. Lucy and Lily have________（相似的）tastes in music.

2. We Chinese people are ________（勤劳）and brave.

3. -David is lively and clever. I'd like to recommend him as our new chairperson.

-No,l don't agree. He is________（自私）．

4. When we have trouble in study,our teachers always help us________（耐心地）．

5. She is so________（好奇）that she often asks“why".

6. He works hard and doesn't give up________（容易）．

7. It's kind of you to forgive my________（过失）．

8.He always tries to do everything ________（不同）．

9. The hall is big ________（够）to hold 600 people.

10. The great man died ________（安宁）．

Ⅱ. 根据首字母提示，用适当的形容词完成句子

1. Our English teacher is p________. He always explains things to us carefully.

2. He is g________. He often buys nice gifts to his friends.

3. The little girl is o________. She can make a lot of friends.

4. My mother is p________ enough to make kinds of clothes herself.

5. He is good at all his lessons,still he is m________.

6. He is very i________ and he always dreams about everything.

7. Mr Wang is a f________ teacher. He can treat every student equally.

8. The teachers should help their students to be c________ and get them to think about things in their own way.

III. 用所给词的适当形式填空

1. Then you shouldn't worry about ________(not have) lunch

2. A year is________ (divide) into four seasons.

3. Tim is very active.lt seems that he is full of________ ( energetic).

4. Don't put too much _________(confident) in what the newspapers say.

5. Why are you always ________ (argue)?

6. My parents don't let me watch TV very often, they think some programmes are not ________ (suit) for me

7. Paul is organized. He is good at________(plan) things.

8. It is generous of your mum and dad________ (give) money to charities.

9. With your hard work,l'm sure you will________ (success) in the end.

10. You are________ (impatient) enough to wait for so many hours.

IV. 单项选择

1. People all over the world ________ wars.

A like B. enjoy

C. hate

D. love

2. It's silly _ you _ forgive others for their faults.

A. of;don't

B. for;not to

C. of;never

D. of;never to

3. Mr Li ________ us into 3 groups.

A divided B. is divided

C. was divided

D. divide

4. He is________ patient that he can wait without geting________.

A. so;angry

B. so;angrily

C. very;angry

D. too;angry

5. She is________ to take part in all the school activities.

A. inactive enough

B. active enough

C. enough active

D. enough inactive

6. Kate is a________ girl. She likes to make things.

A fair B. selfish

C. elegant

D. practical

7. The boy________ English every day.

A. practise

B. practise speaking

C. practises to speak

D. practises speaking

8. ________ Strong and confident person he is!

A What B. How

C. What a

D. How a

9. Were they born________ the same star sign?

A in B. on

C. about

D. under

10. Aninventor must be ________ and ________.

A hard-working; impatient

B. stubborn; energetic

C. polite; powerful

D. imaginative; creative

V. 阅读理解

Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules you should follow.

First,eat dif'ferent food, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favorite food, but you'd better eat something different. If you eat different food, you will probably get more nutrients (营养物质) your body needs. Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you're really thirsty, cold water is the No. 1 choice. Milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium (钙) your body needs to grow strong bones.

Third, listen to your body. How do you feel when you are full? When you're eating,notice how your body feels and when your stomach feels comfortably full. Eating too much will not make you feel comfortable and make you feel fat. Fourth,limit screen time Screen time is the time you watch TV, DVDs and videos, or using computers. It is good to take more exercise such as basketball,bike riding and swimming. You can't watch TV for more than two hours a day. Fifth, be active. One thing you'd like to do, as a kid, is to find out which activity you like best. Find ways to be active every day. Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.

1. Which kind of drinks can give you more calcium?

A Milk. B. Tea

C. Juice.

D. Cold Water.

2. You shouldn't watch TV for________ a day.

A. more than two hours

B. less than two hours

C. more than three hours

D. four hours

3. You should eat different food especially ________

A fish B. meat

C. sweets

D. fruit and vegetables

4. According to the passage,you should follow rules if you want to be healthy.

A four B. five

C. nine

D. fifth

5. According to the passage,which of the following sentences is NOT true?

A. When you're eating,you have to notice how your body feels.

B. You can eat your favorite food, but you'd better eat something different.

C. You can watch TV as long as you like to get more information.

D. We should try to live in an active way in our life.

VI. 任务型阅读

Pisces

(February 20 to March 20)

It's the sign of the fish Pisceans are very free-flowing(自由散漫的) people They often feel bad when they cannot do the things that they want to. When things don't run well, they will often become very angry. A Piscean can usually make the best of a bad situation if they really want to. They can easily get along with other people and the outside world

Piscean can be given cameras,socks and shoes as presents. Music of all kinds is welcome, such as CDs, piano and concert tickets. Anything that makes a Pisces think of water and seas is great, such as ships,going boating, a trip to the sea and a hot bath.

1.What is the characteristic of Pisceans?

_______________________________.

2.What's the best gift for a Piscean?

_______________________________.

3. Is it easy to make friends with Pisceans?

________________________________.

4. Pisceans like to live in their own way,don't they?

________________________________.

Vocabulary

I．用所给词的适当形式填空

1. He likes to play alone and is always_______(active) in taking part in activities.

2. We dislike the teacher as she is_______ (fair) to us.

3. He seems to be an_______ (polite) boy and we don't like him．

4. He touched my face_______ (gentle) and told me not to cry.

5. He spent all my money_______(play) computer games.

6. If you want to be a scientist,you must be_______(imagine)

7. He is a_______ (practice) man. He does everything carefully.

8. Sandy always speaks to the elderly_______(polite).

9. It is silly of you to make such_______(mistake).

10. An _______(patient) person can not be a good teacher.

Ⅱ．翻译下列句子

1．他很粗心犯了如此多的错误。

It's ___________ him to_______________。

2．吴老师很有耐心，他经常花很多时间对我们讲解一些事情。

Mr Wu is very_____________and he often______________ lots of time___________ things to us.

3．这个男孩非常聪明，但他从不炫耀。

The boy is very clever, but he never_______________.

4．他总是能想出各种各样的主意。

He can always think of________________．

Ⅲ．改错

1. Daniel can draw beautiful but he never shows off. ___________

2. It's impossible of you to carry it. ___________

3. What did the teachers talk about the film? ___________

4. Lily,with her family, are going to have a picnic this weekend. ___________

5. Daniel never shows off, and he is very proud. ___________

6. People born under same star sign share similar characteristics. ___________

7. Don't give up play the piano no matter how hard it is. ___________

8. It's very kind for you to tell me the way to the post office. ___________

IV. 单项选择

1. The boy ________ to get to school on time.

A told B. tells

C. was told

D. telling

2. Millie _______ the picture for 2 yuan.

A spent B. paid

C. bought

D. cost

3. I can't decide ________.

A to buy which one

B. which one to buy

C. which to buy one

D. what one to buy

4. She is very modest She never _______.

A proud B. shows off

C. shows

D. thinks

5. If it isn't yours,it must be

A somebody else B. somebody else's

C. else's somebody

D. nobody else

6. She is hard-working and _______ all her lessons.

A . is good in B. does good in

C. does well at

D. does well in

7. Daniel was born on November 24th He should be_______ and enjoy life. .

A humorous B. generous

C. outgoing

D. curious

8. He can work 18 hours without _______ tired. He is

A. geting; lazy

B. getting; stubborn

C. geting; hardworking

D. getting; energetic

V. 阅读短文填空

A helpful student

I would like to recommend Daniel for the Grade 7 Best Student Award. He is very _______ (unkind). He always thinks of others first. He is also very _______(unhelpful). He spends a lot of time at the school's Hand-in-Hand Club. He does a lot of computer work for the club and often helps other members with difficult projects. We like him very much because he is always. _______(rude). He is good at swimming, and he often tells us to be_______ (careless) when we play water sports. He is _______ (weak) and _______ (afraid), too. Last week, Mrs Lu was_______ (ungrateful) for his help. We will be_______ (unhappy) if Daniel gets the award. tional Day. People always celebrate the important days like this.

2. Mr Wu is doing the experiment in that_______．

3. You'd better go to see the d_______if you've got toothache.

4. In spring,there are many b_______flying in the flowers.

5. "It's u_______ !You shouldn't say anything bad about me!”Jenny cried.

6.-She is 1_______enough to get help from UNICEF.

7. He felt u________because he lost a lot of money.

8. It is p_______ of Dr Ma to explain things to local doctors and nurses for a long time.

9. She is p_______enough to make a birthday cake by herself.

10. Millie is a________enough to take part in all kinds of activities in school.

Ⅲ．根据句式绪构，猜测句子中用符号盘代表的单词的词性和成分（主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等等）

1. That sounds _______，

本句中★的词性是_______ ，成分是_______。

2．_______ turn yellow.

本句中★的词性是_______ ，成分是_______。

3.The train is always_______

本句中★的词性是_______，成分是_______。

4．Cooking a meal is_______，

本句中★的词性是_______，成分是_______。

5．_______is to fix the pipe.

本句中★的词性是_______ ，成分是_______

6．I asked him_______．

本句中★的词性是_______，成分是_______。

7. _______bought me a glass of wine.

本句中★的词性是_______，成分是_______。

8. You should give_______some advice.

本句中★的词性是_______，成分是_______。

9．We owe _______ to Jenny.

本句中★的词性是_______，成分是_______。

10. _______ has taught Linda an English lesson.

本句中★的词性是_______, 成分是_______。

Ⅳ. 单项选择

1. It's kind____you to help me carry this heavy bag.

A of B．for

C in D．on

2. Jacky will have _______ dog food tomorrow.

A. a lot B．lols of

C. a lots D．lot of

3. There're many new popular films. You don't need to worry about not_______．

A. see films B watch movies

C seeing films D.to watch movies

4. A year_______into 12 different star signs.

A. was divided

B. is divide

C. was divide

D. is divided

5. Millie is a stubborn,jmpatient, but _______ girl.

A. kind

B. kindly

C. kindness

D. be kind

6. The boy has_______. He often tells his friends funny stories.

A. a good sense of humous

B. good sense of humour

C. a good sense of humour

D. good sense of humours

7. Although he can take photos well,Jack never

A. shows off

B. shows on

C. shows down

D. shows in

8. Jay is _______ about everything. He always likes

asking'questions.

A surprised

B easy-going

C. powerful

D. curious

9. Never_______ dreaming no matter how difficult you are in trouble.

A. give up

B. give out

C. give off

D. give to

10. We'd Iike to recommend Jack_______the new chairman of the Students' Union

A with B. as

C. of

D. to

11. Would you mind me_______ the radio?

A turn up B. turn down

C. turning down

D. to turn up

12. Peter gave me two nice presents.

A. direct object+indirect object

B. indirect object+direct object

C. predicate+adverbial

D. subject+predicative adjective

13. Slang words or expressions is_______.

A. Informal language

B. Formal language

C. informal and formal Languages

D. we don't know

14. Our English teacher always spends a lot of time_______ basic language points to us.

A explaining B. explain

C. to explain

D. explains

15. Amy is _______. shy girl that she dares not to speak in front of the whole class.

A so a

B a so

C. such a

D. a such

V. 翻译句子

1. Kitty很富有创造力，能够做一个艺术家。

Kitty _______ ________ _______ ________an artist.

2. Simon有些自私，不让我们看他的漫画书。

It is_______ _______ Simon _______ _______ _______us read his comic books.

3. 我相信了她，真是够傻的。

It's ________ ________ me________ ________ ________.

4. 两天内完成那项任务对他来说是不可能的。

It's ________ ________ him________ ________ ________ in two days.

Ⅵ．根据所给首字母和句意填写单词

1.A day is d________ into 24 hours.

2. My father and I both have s________characteristics.

3. Many actors and sports players are e________ and a_________．

4. Tom couldn't sit there quietly. He was very i________.

5.We shouldn't be s________. We should be g________ to others.

6. The top student in our class is the most h________ .

7. G________ up dreanung is hopeless.

8. Children are often c________ about everything.

9. Though Yang Zhenning is one of the most famous physicists in the world, he is m_________.

10. The person whose star sign is Capricorn is patient and p________.

Ⅶ. 阅读理解

The story of Aries

In ancient Greece,there lived a king. He had a beautiful queen and two kids-one is a boy and the other is a girl. But one day the queen died and not longe after her death, the king married a new queen However, the new queen didnt like the two children and tried many ways to get rid of them. One day, she thought out an idea. She said to the king, "Last night, I dreamt of Zeus. He told me the country would be in a great danger. And the only way to save the country is to kill your two children Thus,the country can be saved. "The king wanted to save his country,so he had to take the queen's advice. Just on the way the two kids were about to die, a golden sheep suddenly appeared in the sky and took the two kids away. It was known later that the sheep was sent by Zeus to save the two innocent children Zeus thought the. golden sheep had done a great job and made it one of the twelve star signs.

1. How many children did the king have?

2. Why did the king marry another woman'?

3. Who wanted to kill the children?

4. Who saved the children?

5. What does "innocent"probably mean in Chinese?

A右害的 B.有罪的

C.不知情的

D.无辜的

Integrated skills & Study skills

I．根据汉语写单词

1. We have very________（相似的）interests.

2. A year is________（分成）into 12 different star signs.

3. Have you________（把……打包）the package yet? We are ready to go.

4. He is a man who has a strong________ (感觉) of duty.

5. He is a Gemini. This means he is probably________（生气勃勃的）and clever.

6. She is very ________（谦虚的）about her success.

7. It's________（不公平的）!He always get more than me.

8. -1 can walk.home.

-Don-t be ________（愚蠢的）．It-s much too far!

9. He has never________（原谅）her for what she did.

10. Why should l say sorry when it's not my________（过错）．

Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空

1. As I got home, he was________(have)a rest on the sofa．

2. ________(final) Andy was successful.

3. A lot of________ (celebrate) were held for Hong Kong's return

4. To build an energy-saving society,we should use our energy________(wise).

5. Our parents wish us to grow up________(health).

6. I like Spring Festival because I am always________ (give) much pocket money.

7. Mr Wu always spends a lot of time________ (explain) things to us.

8. He decided_________(not argue) with his brother any more.

9. I'm much________(hungry) now.

10. Tom is an________(act) man and you can find him in many school activities.

Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思翻译下列句子

1. 你将在这个为中旬左右在学习或工作上取得成功。

You will________________ at school or work________________ of the month

2. 如果你想了解更多的信息，请拨这个弓码找我们。

Please_____________________us______________________this number if you want to_______________.

3. 妈妈的健康出了问题，她需要得到很多的休息时间。

My mother_____________________her health, so she needs_____________________.

4. 他有些固执，并且从不轻易放弃。

He k a little_____________________ , and he never_____________________.

IV. 单项选择

1. It is very important ______ us _______ healthily.

A for; eat B. for;to eat

C. of; eating

D. of;to eat

2. It's ______ him to solve the pro'olem in two minutes.

A clever of B. clever for

C. foolish of

D. foolish for

3. His maths is weak. But his English is strong. The underlined parts are______.

A predicative B. adverbial

C. attributive

D. object

4. None of the girls listened to the teacher______.

A carefulenough B. enough carefully

C. carefully enough

D. enough careful

5. I hear a film festival will be held on Friday, March the 10th What's the part of the underlined words?

A Subject. B. Object.

C. Predicate.

D. Adverbial.

6. He is too ______ . to change his idea. You'd better not talk to him any more.

A stubborn B. strong

C. modest

D. impolite

7. I was born______the evening______ March 12th, 2001.

A in;of B. in;in

C. on;of

D. on;in

8. The room is big enough for us to______ .

A live in B. living in

C. live

D. live with

9. ______more details,please call Mr Zhang______ 5556 0678.

A For;on B. To;with

C. For;in

D. With;in

10. He is often______. I hope he will have more______at his lessons.

A success;successful B. successful;success

C. successfully;successful

D. successful;successful

11. It was crazy ______ you to let such a young girl drive your car.

A for

B of

C. about

D. on

12. He has to stay at home because he has______close friends.

A a few B. few C. Iittle D. a little

13. I found______very difficult to learn French well.

A that B. it

C. these

D. those

14. We students should pay more attention______our pronunciation

A at B. with

C. in

D. to

15. You shouldn't worry about not ______time to play.

A have B. having

C. to have

D. had

16. Would you please ______ in the Worary?

A not to talk

B don't talk

C. Not talk

D. aren't talking

V. 改错(每行一个)

Amy's predictions are quite different from Mr Zhang. Amy tlunks this month she will have bad luck. But she will get new bike and will have fun in cooking. She-ll also look for some money but she should remember to give them to the police. She will go to a cinema,yet she will have problems with a seaL.

Mr Zhang thinks Amy will be had both good luck and bad luck. She will meet a new friend and will have success at school around the middle of this month. Somebody will give her somemoney, too, but she should spend it wise. She will have problems with her health, so she needs to get a lot of rest and eat healthily food when she feels weak

1. (2010云南楚雄州)-What do you think of'the film Rush Hour ?

-__________, but someone thinks-it's .

A. Good enough;bored B Enough good;boring

C. Good enough;boring

D. Enough good;bored

2. (2010 .湖北十堰)-Our teacher wants us to be__________when we talk with the foreigners.

-Yes,we should believe in ourselves.

A comfortable B. confident

C. unusual

D. energetic

3. (2010 .安徽)-lt seems that Alice never wants to do__________anything except drawing pictures.

-Right. That's what she likes to do .

A more B. less

C. most

D. least

4. (2010 .安徽)lt's nice of you to__________so much time showing me around your school.

A take B. spend

C. cost

D. Have

Main task & Checkout

I. 根据提示完成下面句子

1. My mother likes s________ money and cooking. She loves my family.

2. Most of the students are________(energy) and active.

3. This month, we will have a lot of _________ (celebrate).

4. Don't give up _________(practise) ,and you will catch up with him if you try.

5. You should use the money ________ (wise).

6. There are some ________(different) between the twins.

7. ________(final) she passed the exarru

8. We were d________ into four groups to discuss this problem by our teacher yesterday.

9. She is rich, but she never gives money to the Project Hope. She is a s________ woman.

10. This maths problem is very easy. I can work it out________ (easy).

II. 单项选择

1.-It's nice of you to help me with my homework

-________.

A It's right B. It doesn't matter

C. Thank you

D. It's my pleasure

2. Computers are very popular now and they are not as________as before.

A expensive B. more expensive

C. most expensive

D. the most expensive

3. -Would you mind me sitting here?

-________. It's for Mr Wu

A No B. Better not

C. OK

D. Good

4. -I'm sorry I ________ your picture book in the classroom

-That's all right Remember ________ it here next time.

A left;to take B. forgot;to bring

C. left,to bring

D. forget;to take

5. Everybody agrees _________ this plan, because it is practical.

A on B. to

C. with B. for

6. Tom and Jack are both my good friends. Who do you think is________of the two?

A outgoing B. more outgoing

C. the more outgoing

D. most outgoing

7.________ generous ________ the little girl to share her toys with the other kids.

A. It's;of B That's;of

C. It's;for

D.That's;for

8. Thanks for_________me________the new chairperson

A. recommend;as B recommending;as

C. recommend;for

D.recommending;with

9．Do you mind________here?

A. I smoking

B. my smoking

C. my smoke

D. me to smoke

10. The newspaper_________it will rain tomorrow.

A talks B．says

C speaks D．writes

11. -It's so kind of youto give me a ride to the station

- ________．

A．It doesn't matter

B．Never mind

C．Don't mention it

D. Not at all,it's my pleasure

12. He is imaginative enough to________new ideas.

A．come out B. come up with

C come up D．come on

Ⅲ．Daniel正在写日记，请你用括号里的词的正确形式填空，使日记完整通顺

8th October

This is the best day in my life. It is________ (wonderful/my parents/organize)a party for my birthday. Many people came. At the party,l told my cousin Raymond about his characteristic animal sign,but it is not right about him. He thought it was not________ (wise/us/believe in) the Chinese animal signs.I also told my father that his Chinese animal sign said he was hard-working. He was very happy because it matches his characters. He always works very hard until late at night- He was interested in his Chinese animal sign and asked metomake a copy for him My cousin Jim was not interested in the Chinese animal signs. He only wanted to eat his favourite food-birthday cake. He was________ (patient/enough/wait) for the cake.I made my birthday wish before blowing the candles out.I thought it was________(unportant]me/learn) to use the computer well so I wished I could be good at it.1 wanted to learn how to make web pages on the computer. Millie________(decide/keep/her birthday wish) as a secret, so she did not tell anyone about it.

Ⅳ. 任务型阅读

How do you feel when you have to make a speech in front of class? What about when you go to a birthday party? Do you get really shy?

Shyness means feeling nervous or frightened when you're around other people. Experts have found that more than 80 percent of middle school students feel afraid to be the center of attention Some kids are born shy. Some become shy later because of their life experiences.

It's OK if.it takes youa while to feel yourself again when you go to a new place or meet new people. In fact,evaybody getsa little shy sometimes. It's just a case of how much.

Most people have red faces and talk in broken sentences when they get shy. But some become so shy that they won't go to a restaurant. They, their, order, usually, nervous, are, too, to, or, Pay for, food. Some are afraid of meeting new people, so they seldom go outside, This kind of shyness can be bad for a person If shyness doesn't stop you from doing something you want to do, being shy isn't a very big problem. Some experts(寺家)say shy people are cleverer because they think more and talk less. Shy people are also good at working with others because they think more for other people. Some great people in history were shy, too.

You see, being shy isn't all bad But remember not to let good opportunities pass by just because of it. If you have to sing a song at a birthday"party or practice your spoken English in front of others, just doit! There's nothing to loe afraid of.

1. The underlined phrase "to feel yourself again" in the third paragraph means____.

A. to find oneself B to be oneself

C. to enjoy oneself

D.to help oneself

2. What makes kids shy?

________________________________.

3．请把第三段中的斜体部分重新组织成一句通顺连贯的语句。

________________________________.

4. Is being shy always harmful?

________________________________.

5. Why is it said that shy people are cleverer?

________________________________.

V．书面表达

今天是2011年9月9日。请你代表全班同学给王校长写一封摧荐信，推荐Mike作学校英语节目的主持人。注意书信格式和正式语言的使用。

9th September

Dear Mr Wang,

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Mike I．单项选择

1．(2010．江苏南京)-Peter has good grades in all his

subjects, but he never shows off.

-I agree. He is very_______.

A easy-going B. imaginative

C modest D．generous

2．(2010．江苏宿迁)It's nice_______Andy _______me with my English study.

A. at;toihelp B of; to help

C. with;help '

D.of;help

3．(2010．浙江宁波市)Could you tell me____at the meeting?

-Sorry, I don't know. I didn't go to the meeting that day.

A. what does he say B what he says

C. what he said

D. what did he say

4．(2010．山东日照)AIl has proved that World Expo 2010 Shanghai China is quite____.

A. active B．helpful

C. proud D．successful

Ⅱ. 阅读表达(2010．山东日照)

Every year,thousands of students choose to study overseas,that is to say,to study in a foreign country. Studying overseas can be an exciting experience for many people.

Why Do It?

Firstly,you can learn a second language easily. Secondly,you can know more about'another culture. Thirdly, you will see the world in a new way,and learn more about yourself. What's more, it's easy to get a job in the future, since many companies like those who speak a second language, or have experienced living or working in another country.

Making the Right Choice

Once you decide to study overseas, you have to make some choices. To choose the right country or school, ask yourself: Where do I want to go and why? How much do I want to pay? How long do I want to study overseas? Do I want to live with a host family, with roommates,or alone?

Getting Ready to Go

Get your passport and'visa(签证)early! Before you go, learn some of the language, and read about some common customs in your host country. Learn about the money. Bring some of it,and a credit card(信用卡)with you.

Once You Are There

After the first few weeks overeas,many students will feel a little homesick. They may miss their family, friends, and familiar(熟悉的)ways of doing things. Remember that it takes time to get used to a new place, school, and culture. When you feel sad or homesick,try to talk to others,or write about your feelings in a notebook

5. The underlined word overseas in Paragraph l means:

___________________________________________.

6. Why'do students choose to study overseas?(至少列出两条原因）

___________________________________________.

7. Once you decide to study overseas,you have to:

___________________________________________.

8. When you feel sad or homesick,what can you do according to the passage?

___________________________________________.

9．请给短文拟定一个适当的英文标题。

___________________________________________.

时文广场

A UFO?

关于UFO和外星人的传说有很多，你相信有UFO和外星人吗？

On 20th January 1991, Angela believed that she saw a UFO. Just after she had taken her two daughters to school, she decided to take her dog,Harry,for a walk through the fields next to her farm. She let her dog off his lead so that he could run through the tall grass. At 11. 05 am. Angela looked up at the bright morning sun. She remembered looking up at the sky so clearly because she could still see the moon over the trees in the field. Next to the sun she could see what looked like two bright stars. Suddenly,the two bright lights in the sky began to move towards her very quickly until they stopped above her. Angela was amazed(吃惊的) by this and could not understand how airplanes could move so fast. Then, they disappeared as quickly as they had appeared.

Angela stood in the field feeling completely surprised by what she had just experienced. While she had been watching what she thought was a UFO, she had forgotten about her dog and so she started to look for Harry. When she found him, he was sitting quietly watching the sky!

Later that afternoon,Angela's daughters returned home and she tried to describe what she had

seen. She told them about the UFO and that she thought it was probably Martians(火星人)who had come to look around Earth. However, her daughters did not believe her. "Just a UFO doesn't mean it's an alien, Mom. It was probably a man-made spacecraft（宇宙飞船）!”said her elder daughter.

1．猜测生词appear和disappear的词义，并将短文中的画线句子译成汉语。

______________________________________.

2.What was the dog doing when Angela found him?

______________________________________.

3．根据短文内容补全下列句子。

Angela's daughters thought it wasn't an alien because they believed thatit was_______a_______spacecraft.

第一单元综合提优测评卷

I. 单项选择(10分）

1. It was crazy _______ you to let such a young girl drive your car.

A for B. of

C. about

D. on

2. Don't forget ________ your lovely daughter here next time.

A. to bring

B. to take

C. taking

D. bringing

3. I found ________ very difficult to learn French well.

A that B. it

C. these

D. those

4. We students should pay more attention________our pronunciation

A at B. with

C. in

D. to

5. You shouldn't worry about not________breakfast then.

A have B. having

C. to have

D. had

6. Would you please________in the library?

A. not to talk

B. don't talk

C. not talk

D. aren't talking

7. You are not good at English, but you can't________.

A. give it in

B. give in it

C. give it up

D. give up it

8. He has to stay at home because he has________close friends.

A a few B. few

C. little

D. a little

9. Someone ________the school gate now.

A are waiting for B. is waiting for

C. is waiting at

D. are waiting at

10. Since David is so hard-working,he would not mind________extra work for us.

A to do B. doing

C. does

D. done

11. -It's so kind of you to help me with the bag.

-________.

A It doesn't matter B. Never mind

C. That's OK

D. It's my pleasure

12. She is imaginative enough to________ new ideas.

A. come out

B. come up with

C. come up

D. come on .

13. Thanks for________ the monitor.

A recommend me as B. recommending me as

C. recommend me for

D. recommending me for

14. "My mother bought me a coat. " The sentence is

A S+V+DO B. S+V+DO+IO

C. S+V+IO+DO

D. S+V+DO+OC

15. "We call this dog Eddie."The sentence type is ________.

A. S+V+P

B. S+V+DO+OC

C. S+V+IO+DO

D. S+V+DO

16. Don't worry. He is ________ to take care of little Betty.

A. carefully enough

B. enough careful

C. careful enough

D. enough carefully

17. -1 think English is more useful than Chinese.

-I don't ________ you. They are both useful.

A. get on with

B. catch up with

C. talk with

D. agree with

18. Tom was born on lst October. He is a polite and fair person. His star signis________ .

A Scorpio B. Libra

C. Cancer

D. Gemini

19. A________ person cares only about oneself.

A selfish

B fair

C. curious

D. patient

20. Jim is energetic and brave, ________ sometimes too

impatient.

A. after

B. but

C. and

D. So

II. 完形填空

Almost every one of Chinese people is already familiar with the twelve________ signs of the Chinese horoscope and they are________, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon and so on, while people in the west have ________signs and they are Aries, Taurus, Gemini. . . If you are born on 19th June,you may be a curious and________person. You are outgoing and like to________ with others. If your father's birthday is on 18th February, he should be kind and wise. He may have many friends. However,some people think that your father is ________ . Why? Be'cause you belong to Gemini, while your father belongs to Aquarius. This is part of Western________. Is it interesting? Many middle school students and college students like it. They often talk about their star signs and whether their characteristics ________ these star signs. I was born on 12th July, so I belong to

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意识起源的基本环节有三个：第一，由一切物质所具有的反应特性到低级生物的刺激 感应性；第二，由刺激感应的反映形式到动物的感觉和心理；第三，由一般动物的 感觉和心理到人的意识的产生； 意识的本质是人脑的机能，是客观存在的主观映像； 意识具有能动性，主要表现在意识反映世界是自觉的有目的反映，意识不仅仅反映事 物的现象，而且反映事物的本质和规律。意识可以通过思维操作实现对客观事物的、 超前的观念的改造，指导并通过实践把理想变成现实； 物质决定意识，意识反作用于物质； 主体拥有意识必须满足两个条件：一是必须拥有人脑，而是必须参与到人类社会实践 中去。 规律：事物的联系和运动构成规律，规律是事物内部的本质联系和发展的必然趋向。 客观规律是事物内部本质的、必然的、稳定的、固有的联系。 客观规律不以人的意志为转移，是不能被改变、创造、消除的。人只能认识规律、尊 重规律、利用规律。 唯物主义的三种历史形态：一，xx唯物主义；二，近代形而上学唯物主义（机械唯物主义）；三，现代辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义。

部编版七年级下册语文第6课《老山界》知识点.doc

【若缺失公式、图片现象属于系统读取不成功，文档内容齐全完整，请放心下载。】统编版七年级下册语文第6课《老山界》知识点 知识点 一、作者简介 陆定一（1906 — 1996）江苏人，无产阶级革命家，1927年任团中央宣传部部长，长征途中任红军总政治部宣传部长。为建设和发展我军的政治宣传工作作出了突出贡献。 二、故事背景 老山界是当年红军长征途中翻越的第一座大山。其主峰海拔２１４１．５米，为华南第一高峰，素有“五岭极顶，华南之颠”之美誉。 １９３４年１２月，中央红军在湘江与国民党军队经过惨烈的激战，损失惨重，退入了山高路险的猫儿山，开始了翻越老山界的艰难历程。毛泽东、周恩来、邓小平、朱德、叶剑英等一代革命伟人率中央红军三军团、中央军委纵队、后卫五军团、八军团日夜兼程翻越老山界。 三、多音字 盛chéng ：盛饭 shèng ：茂盛 嚼jué：咀嚼 jiáo ：细嚼慢咽 觉jué：觉得jiào ：睡觉 四、理解词语 惊惶：惊慌，恐惧。 苛捐杂税：指当时反动政府强迫老百姓上缴的各种税费。 缴：①交纳，交付，缴公粮。②迫使交出：缴了敌人的械。 攀谈：本文是找些话题与他人交谈的意思。 酣然入梦：甜美、畅快地入睡。 蜷：弯曲。 呜咽：本文中形容凄切的水声。 五、课文结构 第1部分：交代决定翻越老山界（第1段）。 第2部分：记叙翻越老山界的经过（第2—33段）。 第3部分：说明翻越老山界的意义（第34段）。 六、句子分析 1.黎明的时候被人推醒，说是准备出发。山下有人送饭上来，不管三七二十一，抢了一碗就吃。 “抢”形象地表现了红军战士为了完成爬山任务而抓紧时间吃饭的动人场面。2.肚子很饿，气力不够，但是必须鼓着勇气前进。

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【注意】整体和部分的功能不同。 ①整体具有部分根本没有的功能。 ②当部分以有序、优化的结构构成整体时，整体的功能会大于各部分功能之和。 ③当部分以无序、欠佳的结构构成整体时，整体的功能会小于各部分功能的之和。 2、掌握系统优化的方法 (1)系统的含义和基本特征： ①含义：系统是由相互联系和相互作用的诸要素构成的统一整体。 ②基本特征：整体性、有序性和内部结构的优化趋向。 (2)掌握系统优化方法的要求 ①内容：要着眼于事物的整体性，注意遵循系统内部结构的有序性，注重系统内部的结构的优化趋向。 【注意】整体和部分的关系，在一定意义上就是系统和要素的关系。但整体和部分与系统和要素并不完全一样。 1、矛盾的含义和基本属性 (1)含义：矛盾是反映事物内部对立和统一的哲学范畴，简言之，矛盾就是对立统一。 【注意】联系的根本内容是矛盾，发展的根本动力是矛盾，矛盾观点是唯物辩证法的根本观点，矛盾规律即对立统一规律是唯物辩 证法的实质与核心，矛盾分析法是我们认识世界和改造世界的根本 方法。 (2)基本属性：斗争性和同一性是矛盾所固有的相反相成的两种 基本属性。 ①含义：

老 山 界

老山界 一、自读课文，填写表格，理清结构。 教师布置学生自读课文后，填写如下表格： 第一天第二天 时间下午傍晚天黑夜里半夜黎明以后下午 地点山沟瑶民家山脚山腰山腰上山路上山顶，下山路上 活动行军攀谈登山露宿冻醒登山下山 〔说明：设计这一表格，便于学生一目了然的看到每一层次所涉及的时间、地点和人物活动，从而理解文章“按时间变化和地点转移的顺序来安排层次”的特点，同时，填写“活动”一栏，也是一种概括能力的训练。〕 二、理解写“红军与瑶民攀谈”的作用。 作者一开始就简单地记叙了老山界的高，并且借红军队伍的走走停停，暗示行军的不易。接着，花了比较长的篇幅（共8个自然段）写“我们”与瑶民的攀谈情况，这样写的目的是什么？（从“我们”与瑶民攀谈的内容可以看出：红军队伍是代表穷苦老百姓的利益的，这是红军队伍能够翻越老山界的思想基础。） 〔说明：这是一个学习难点。因为，表面上看，这一内容与红军战士爬山无多大联系；实质上，它能揭示红军这支队伍的性质是代表广大劳苦大众的。正因为如此，红军战士才会有战胜困难的勇气、信心和力量。〕 三、理解生动描写对表达中心的作用。 课文：“满天都是星光……就在脚底下。”这几段话生动地描写红军队伍星夜登山的壮观场面，作者是怎样表现山势之陡的？（文章写道：“从山脚向上望，只见火把排成许多…之?字形，一直连到天上，跟星光接起来，分不出是火把还是星星。”这里，作者从仰视的角度极写山势的陡峭，试想：行军队伍的火把一直连到天上，跟星光相接，分不出哪是火把，哪是星星，这样的山不正是高耸入云的山吗？作者并没有就此收笔，相反，他综合运用了仰视和俯瞰两个角度进一步凸现山之高、山之险：“向上看，火把在头顶上一点点排到天空；向下看，简直是绝壁，火把照着人的脸，就在脚底下。” 面对如此险绝高峻的大山，红军战士表现怎样？（红军战士登山时，士气高昂，表现出乐观、勇敢的精神面貌。） 课文：“半夜里，忽然醒来……不知什么时候又睡着了。”这一段里共有几个比喻句？这些比喻句分别起到怎样的作用？（“天上闪烁的星星好像黑色幕上缀着的宝石，它跟我们这样地接近啊！”这里，作者将“星星”喻为“宝石”，状其光芒四射；“它跟我们这样地接近”则暗示出山之高，让人联想到“仰可摘星辰”的诗句；“黑的山峰像巨人一样矗立在面前”“四围的山把这山谷包围得像一口井”这两个句子，前一句以“巨人”喻“山峰”，后一句以“井”喻“山谷”，二者结合起来，便很有立体感地展现出山高谷深的壮观景象；“像春蚕在咀嚼桑叶，像野马在平原上奔驰，像山泉在呜咽，像波涛在澎湃”，四个排比式比喻句，从不同角度写出“不可捉摸”的声响特点，将无形的声音化为具体的形象，给人以美好的联想。当然，这种天籁，也只能在险峻的老山界的半山腰上听得到。因此，这里写的是听觉感受，表达的仍然是山的高和险。红军战士半夜被冻醒之后，还能欣赏如此美好的景象，听到如此美好的声音，这不正体现出他们宽阔的胸怀、乐观的志趣吗？） 〔说明：重点理解课文中两处描写的作用，是本课教学的主要目标之一。这两处描写，都能再现出山的高大和险峻，体现出红军战士的乐观、豪迈的气概，对表现文章的中心起着重要的作用。〕 四、点拨关键语句，深刻领会文章主题。 文章的主题是要表现红军战士不怕困难的坚强意志和革命乐观主义精神。为帮助学生深

老山界

西平县柏城中学课堂教学学案 课题老山界课型必读主设 计人 授课 地点 上课时间第二周1课时 组长 签字 教导主 任签字 学习目标１、理解课文的思想内容，热爱长征的革命传统２、理解一些词语的含义，赏析精彩的语段 激情导语（）分钟 老山界是当年红军长征途中翻越的第一座大山。其主峰海拔2141.5米，为华南第一高峰，素有“五岭极顶，华南之颠”之美誉。 1934年12月，中央红军在湘江与国民党军队经过惨烈的激战，损失惨重，退入了山高路险的猫儿山，开始了翻越老山界的艰难历程。毛泽东、周恩来、邓小平、朱德、叶剑英等一代革命伟人率中央红军三军团、中央军委纵队、后卫五军团、八军团日夜兼程翻越老山界。 自主学习（）分钟一、预习检测：1、给下列加点的字注音 惊惶（）军阀（）苛捐杂税（）缴租（）蜷身（）点缀（）搀扶（）呜咽（）咀嚼（）澎湃（）酣然入梦（） ２、解释词语：惊惶呜咽酣然入梦矗立苛捐杂税景致 用一句话概括故事内容 二、整体感知：用一句话概括故事内容 三、理清结构层次： 1、在文中找出表明时间、地点的词句。本文以什么为顺序呢？ 2、首尾两段的作用： （１）首段交代了些什么？ （２）交代高度起什么作用？ （３）文题为何用土名“老山界”？ ３、研读尾段：作者在文中细致的描写了翻越老山界的艰难，可是在最后一段，作者又说“老山界的困难，比起这些地方来，还是小得很”。作者这样写的目的是什么？ 合作交流（）分钟1、课文写红军翻越老山界，为什么用了不少笔墨写有关瑶民大嫂的事？ 2、哪些词语在文中反映了她思想感情变化的过程？ 3、她的思想感情经历了怎样一个过程? 4、为什么会有这样的变化? 西平县柏城中学课堂教学学案

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第二部分：第三单元唯物辩证法（联系6、发展4、矛盾8 、创新3 + 分歧）（共22 条原理） 贯穿于唯物辩证法的三个重要范畴：联系、发展、矛盾；以及要求树立创新意识。 普遍联系和永恒发展是唯物辩证法的两个总的特征。联系的根本内容是矛盾，发展的根本动力也是矛盾，唯物辩证法的两个总的特征由矛盾决定，所以矛盾的观点是唯物辩证法的根本观点，矛盾规律即对立统一规律是唯物辩证法的实质和核心，矛盾分析法是我们认识世界和改造世界的根本方法。创新是唯物辩证法的根本要求。 唯物辩证法的根本观点是承认矛盾，主张用联系的、发展的、全面的观点看问题。形而上 学的根本观点是否认矛盾，用孤立的、静止的、片面的观点看问题。 Ⅰ唯物辩证法的联系观（P54 第七课6 条原理） ★一、联系的普遍性原理 1、〖原理内容〗：唯物辩证法认为，所谓联系，就是事物之间以及事物内部诸要素之间的相互影响、相互制约和相互作用。联系是普遍的。(世界上一切事物都与周围其他事物有着这样或那样的联系。每一个事物内部的各个部分、要素之间是相互联系的。世界是一个普遍联系的有机整体，其中没有一个事物是孤立存在的。) 2、〖方法论〗：要用联系的观点看问题，反对用孤立的观点看问题。 3、〖反对〗：切忌割裂事物之间的联系，用形而上学孤立的的观点来认识和处理问题。 ★二、联系的客观性原理 1、〖原理内容〗：唯物辩证法认为，联系是客观的。联系是事物本身所固有的，不以人的意志为转移。（自在事物和人为事物的联系都是客观的） 2、〖方法论〗：①要从事物固有的联系中把握事物，切忌主观随意性。②联系是客观的，并不意味着人对事物的联系无能为力，人们可以根据事物固有的联系，改变事物的状态，调整原有的联系，建立新的联系。 3、〖反对〗：反对否定事物的联系，或主观臆造联系，把本来不存在的联系强加给事物。 三、联系的多样性原理 1、〖原理内容〗：唯物辩证法认为，事物的联系是多种多样的。（有直接联系和间接联系、内部联系和外部联系、本质联系和非本质联系、必然联系和偶然联系等。） 2、〖方法论〗：要求我们要善于分析和把握事物存在和发展的各种条件。既要注重客观条件，又要恰当运用自身的主观条件；既要把握事物的内部条件，又要关注事物的外部条件；既要认识事物的有利条件，又要重视事物的不利条件。总之，要一切以时间、地点、条件为转移。 3、〖反对〗：反对以一种联系概括事物之间多种多样的不同联系，否认联系的多样性。 四、联系的条件性原理 1、〖原理内容〗：事物之间都是有条件地联系着的，一切事物的存在和发展都是有条件的。 2、〖方法论〗：一切以时间地点条件为转移（，要具体分析事物之间联系的条件性）。 3、〖反对〗：反对忽视联系的条件性，认为任何事物之间都存在着相互联系错误的。 ★五、整体和部分辩证关系原理 1、〖原理内容〗：唯物辩证法认为，（1）整体和部分是相互区别的：①含义不同。整体是事物的全局和发展的全过程，从数量上看它是一；部分是事物的局部和发展的各个阶段，从数量上看它是多。②整体和部分在事物发展过程中的地位、作用和功能各不相同。整体居于主导地位，整体统率着部分，整体具有部分所不具备的功能；部分在事物的存在和发

老山界知识点归纳

老山界知识点归纳 Prepared on 24 November 2020

《老山界》归纳 《老山界》 2、从山脚向上望，只见火把排成许多“之”字形，一直连到天上跟星光接起来，分不出是火把还是星星。 写出了老山界山路的陡峭崎岖，表现了红军队伍的浩大壮伟 3、“不要掉队啊！”“不要落后做乌龟啊！”“我们顶着天啦！” 这句话写出了红军战士，团结一心，力争上游，勇于战胜艰险的无畏气概和革命乐观主义精神。 4、天色晚了，肚子饿了，许多人烦得叫起来，骂起来。 “许多人烦得叫起来，骂起来”语言异常朴实，赋予口语色彩，将红军战士纯朴的性格，急于过山的心情表露无疑。 5、“这是一家瑶民，住着母女二人；男人大概是因为听说过队伍，照着习惯，到什么地方去躲起来了”一句中“照着习惯”写出了：瑶民由于长期遭受军阀的欺压，每有军阀队伍通过，就担心人丁被抓，财产被抢，因而不得不躲起来的严酷现实。 6、“那女人哭起来了。”一句中“哭”写出了什么 “哭”既表明了瑶民被压迫、被欺侮的悲苦，又是因人民军队对他们的同情理解而哭。一个“哭”字既含悲苦，又含憎恨，又含感激。 7、分析句中加点字“我们生怕有人拆下来当火把点，就写了几条标语用米汤贴在外面显眼的地方” 这两个词语强调了红军队伍严禁拆瑶民篱笆当火把，充分表示了红军对瑶民利益的关切和保护。

8、“半夜突然醒来，才觉得寒气逼人，刺入肌肤，浑身打着颤。把毯子卷的更紧些，把身子蜷起来，还是睡不着。天上闪烁的星星好像黑色幕上缀着的宝石，它和我们这样的接近哪！”一段中，前四个加点字写出了环境恶劣露宿条件差，表现了天气的寒冷，后两个加点字写出了山高得几乎可以攀月摘星了。9、文章的主要内容是什么 通过叙述红军途中翻越第一座难走的山的故事，表现了红军战士顽强的意志和乐观的精神 10、“横着心”和“酣然入梦”是否矛盾为什么 不矛盾。“横着心”是因为四周环境恶劣，露宿条件差，战士们为了明天能够继续前进，服从命令就地休息，表现了红军不畏困难的坚强气概。“酣然入梦”表现了红军太疲劳，同时也表现了他们置生死于度外的乐观精神。 11、全文共分几段，分别说说这几段的作用 全文共分三段：第一段：介绍老山界，并点题（第一节） 第二段：介绍翻越老山界的经过（第2-32节） 第三段：介绍并指出老山界是长征中第一座难走的山（第33节） 12、而部分的字数特别多，能否再继续为第二部分分段呢请再次概括每段作用，并完成表格

老山界

《老山界》预习案 一、熟读课文，完成下列题目 1、给下列加点的字注音 攀．谈（）、苛．捐杂税．（）、峭．壁（）、骨碌 ．．（）、酣．然入梦（）、 蜷．（）、缀．（）、澎湃 ．．（）。 2、解释下列词语： 惊惶：惊慌，恐惧。 苛捐杂税：指当时反动政府强迫老百姓上缴的各种税费。 缴：①交纳，交付，缴公粮。②迫使交出：缴了敌人的械。 攀谈：本文是找些话题与他人交谈的意思。 酣然入梦：甜美、畅快地入睡。 蜷：弯曲。 呜咽：本文中形容凄切的水声。 3、整体感知文章，用一句话概括故事内容。 4、理清思路：写文章首先得有条有理、顺序清楚。本文是以什么为顺序的 并在文中画出表明时间和地点的语句。

5、根据你对课文的理解，从句中括号内选择最恰当的词语，填到句中空缺的横线上。 ①她拿出仅有的（A。一点B。一袋C。一碗）米，放在房中间木头架成的一个灶上煮粥。 ②她的房子和篱笆都是枯竹编成的，我们 (A。害怕B。担心C。生怕)有人拆下来当火把点，就写了几条标语，用米汤贴在外面显眼的地方。 ③肚子很饿，气力不够，但是必须（A。凭着B。鼓着C。靠着）勇气前进。 ④难翻的老山界被我们这样（A。沉重B。笨重C。繁重）的队伍战胜了。 【知识链接】一、《课文简介》 １９３５年１１月，贺龙、任弼时率领的红二、六军团从湖南桑植出发，开始长征，于１９３６年７月２日在甘孜与红四方面军会师。会师后，二、六军团改称为红二方面军。１９３６年１０月，一、二、四方面军三大主力红军在甘肃会宁胜利会师，至此，红军长征胜利结束。虽然此时红军已不到３万人，但这是红军和中国共产党极为宝贵的精华。中国工农红军在党中央和毛泽东的正确领导下，用两年时间，长驱二万五千里，纵横十一个省，冲破国民党重兵的围追堵截，克服雪山草地的自然险阻，战胜党内分裂的危机，胜利地完成了长征。红军的长征，是世界历史上前所未有的壮举。长征的胜利标志着中国革命新局面的开始。本文写的是红军于1934年冬翻越长征途中第一座难爬的高山——老山界的情景。 二、陆定一（1906－1996），中国无产阶级革命家。江苏无锡人。1925年加入中国共产党。1926年毕业于上海交通大学。1927年起担任共青团中央宣传部长、共青团驻少共国际代表。长征时，在红军第一方面军“红章”纵队政治宣传部工作，后任红军总政治部宣传部长。建国后，是中共第八届中共中央政治局候补委员、第十一届中央委员，第十二届、十三届中顾委常委。 三、老山界介绍： 瑶山，又名越城岭，土名老山界,在中国广西壮族自治区东北部桂林市境内（资源县，兴安县，龙胜县，灵川县交界之地）和湖南省边境上。号称“华南第一峰”，最高海