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1991B 数学建模MCM题目

238Tools for Teaching1994

1991:The Water Tank Problem Some state water-right agencies require from communities data on the rate of water use,in gallons per hour,and the total amount of water used each day.Many communities do not have equipment to measure the?ow of water in or out of the municipal tank.Instead,they can measure only the level of water in the tank,within0.5%accuracy,every hour.More importantly, whenever the level in the tank drops below some minimum level L,a pump ?lls the tank up to the maximum level,H;however,there is no measurement of the pump?ow,either.Thus,one cannot readily relate the level in the tank to the amount of water used while the pump is working,which occurs once or twice per day,for a couple of hours each time.

Estimate the?ow out of the tank f(t)at all times,even when the pump is working,and estimate the total amount of water used during the day. Table1gives real data,from an actual small town,for one day.

The table gives the time,in seconds,since the?rst measurement,and the level of water in the tank,in hundredths of a foot.For example,after 3316seconds,the depth of water in the tank reached31.10feet.The tank is a vertical circular cylinder,with a height of40feet and a diameter of57feet. Usually,the pump starts?lling the tank when the level drops to about27.00 feet,and the pump stops when the level rises back to about35.50feet.

Table1.

Water-tank levels over a single day for a small town.Time is in seconds and level is in0.01ft.

Time Level Time Level Time Level

0317535932pump on685352842

3316311039332pump on718542767

66353054394353550750212697

10619299443318344579254pump on

13937294746636335082649pump on

179212892499533260859683475

212402850539363167899533397

252232797572543087932703340

285432752605743012

322842697645542927

Other Problems of the First Ten Years239

Comments by the Contest Director

The problem was contributed by Yves Nievergelt(Mathematics Dept., Eastern Washington University,Cheney,WA).It is based on data from a consulting problem for Union,a town of11,500in northeastern Oregon. The Outstanding papers inspired immediate applications at the consulting ?rm,Equipment Technology and Design.

The Outstanding papers were by teams from Hiram College,Ripon Col-lege,and University of Alaska Fairbanks.Their papers,together with com-mentaries,were published in The UMAP Journal12(3)(1991):201–241.

学科的英语词汇

中英文学科专业名称哲学 Philosophy 马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学 Logic 伦理学 Ethics 美学 Aesthetics 宗教学 Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学 Economics 理论经济学 Theoretical Economics 政治经济学 Political Economy 经济思想史 History of Economic Thought 经济史 History of Economic 西方经济学 Western Economics 世界经济 World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学 Applied Economics 国民经济学 National Economics 区域经济学 Regional Economics 财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学 Industrial Economics 国际贸易学 International Trade

劳动经济学 Labor Economics 统计学 Statistics 数量经济学 Quantitative Economics 国防经济学 National Defense Economics 法学 Law 法学 Science of Law 法学理论 Jurisprudence 法律史 Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law ) 诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws 经济法学 Science of Economic Law 环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law 国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law) 军事法学 Science of Military Law 政治学 Political Science 政治学理论 Political Theory 中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement

物理海洋,大气科学常用专业词汇中英文对照

1 advection n. 平流 2 Aleutian Low 阿留申低压 3 angular momentum 角动量conservation of angular momentum 4 antiphase n. 反位相 propagate in antiphase 5 arbitrary adj. 任意的 arbitrary constant (任意常数) 6 attenuate v. 削弱 7 available potential energy 有效位能 8 background wind field 背景风场 9 baroclinic a. 斜压的 baroclinic instability 10 barotropic a. 正压的 barotropic instability 11 be proportional to 与……成比例 12 benthic adj. 深海底的 13 boundary condition 边值条件 14 bounded domain 有界域→反：unbounded domain 15 carrier wave 载波 16 Cartesian coordinates 笛卡尔坐标系 17 circumglobal a. 环绕地球旋转的，环地球的 18 compensate v. 偿还，补偿 19 conjugate adj. 共轭的 complex conjugate (共轭复数) 20 convection n. 对流 21 convergence n. 辐合→反：divergence

22 convert v. 转换，相变 convert water into ice 23 coordinate n. 坐标 Cartesian coordinates；spherical coordinates 24 cumulative adj. 累积的 cumulative impact on 25 damping n. 阻尼；减辐，衰减 26 derivative n. 导数 the second order derivative 27 diffusion n. 扩散 28 diffusivity n. 扩散率 29 discrepancy n. 差异，矛盾 30 discrete adj. 离散的，不连续的 31 displacement n. 位移 angular displacement 32 dissipative a. 耗散的 dissipative effect 33 divergence n. 辐散→反：convergence 34 Drake Passage 德雷克海峡 35 empirical adj. 经验的 model and empirical studies 36 entropy n. 熵 specific entropy (比熵) 37 equilibrium n. 平衡，均衡 38 equivalent n. & adj. 相似的（物），等价的（物） 39 essence n. 基本，本质 40 exponential n. & adj. 指数（的） 41 geostrophic adj. 地转的 42 Icelandic Low 冰岛低压 43 Indonesian Throughflow 印尼贯穿流

大气科学专业英语课复习的课文英文专业词汇

部分英文专业词汇及词组（仅供参考）wind profile vertical temperature profile World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Troposphere stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere exosphere tropopause stratopause mesopause thermopause lapse rate fricition layer temperature inversion aerosols carbon dioxide water vapour evaporation greenhouse gas photosynthesis oxygen condensaton latent heat sensible heat ozone frontogenesis depression principle of synoptic meteorology divergence convergence occlusion trough ridge large-scale precipitation potential heat air mass cold front warm front frontal zone cumulonimbus nimbostratus trowal

tornado downburst Predictability extrapolation numerical models prognostic chart long-term forecast issuance of severe weather warning upper-air sounding geosynchronous satellite sea-surface temperature geopotential height horizontal resolution wind velocity low-level jet upper-level jet moisture content precipitation amounts cumulus convection gust front issuing warnings outgoing long-wave radiation Infrared radiation climatic feedback atmospheric concentrations greenhouse effect albedo effect global warming greenhouse gas fossil fuels volcanic activity Hadley cell doldrums subtropical high trade wind Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) Walker circulation temperate latitudes Southern Oscillation North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Arctic Oscillation (AO) Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) quasi-stationary front

各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表

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各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表哲学Phｉｌoｓopｈy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Mａrxism 中国哲学ＣhinesｅＰhｉlｏｓｏpｈy 外国哲学ForeiｇｎPhiloｓopｈｉes ?逻辑学Loｇiｃ?伦理学Ｅthiｃs 美学Ａｅstheｔics 宗教学Science of Rｅｌigiｏn?科学技术哲学Philｏsoｐhy ｏf SciencｅａnｄTecｈｎolｏgy?经济学Ecoｎｏｍiｃs?理论经济学ＴhｅoreｔicaｌＥcoｎomｉcs ?政治经济学PｏlｉticａｌＥconoｍy ?经济思想史History oｆEconｏｍｉc Thougｈt ?经济史Hｉstoｒy of Eｃonoｍｉc 西方经济学WesｔernＥcoｎoｍiｃs?世界经济World Economｉcs ?人口、资源与环境经济学Populａｔion,Rｅsｏurces ａnｄＥnｖiroｎmentaｌＥcoｎoｍｉcs 应用经济学Aｐpｌied Econｏmｉcs 国民经济学Natｉｏnal Economics?区域经济学Rｅgionａl Ｅconｏmics ?财政学（含税收学)Ｐublic Ｆｉnanｃe (incｌudiｎｇＴaxａtion) 金融学（含保险学) Fiｎance (incｌuｄing Inｓurａnce)?产业经济学Indusｔrial Economiｃs ?国际贸易学Ｉｎｔｅrｎatioｎal Trade 劳动经济学Laｂor Econoｍｉcs ?统计学Staｔｉｓtics ?数量经济学Quanｔita ｔive Eｃonoｍｉcs ?中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学Nａtionａl Defense Economicｓ?法学Ｌaw 法学Ｓciｅｎce of Law ?法学理论Jurisｐrudeｎcｅ?法律史Legal Hiｓtory ?宪法学与行政法学Ｃoｎstituｔｉｏnal Law aｎd Adｍｉnistrative Law 刑法学Criｍiｎal Jurisｐruｄeｎｃe 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学）Civil Ｌaw and Commｅｒｃial Lａw （i ｎｃlｕdiｎg Sciｅnce ｏf LaｂouｒLawａnd Ｓcience oｆＳｏcial Ｓec ｕrｉtｙLaw）?诉讼法学Scｉeｎce of PｒｏｃedurｅLａｗs ?经济法学Sc ｉeｎce oｆＥｃonomic Law ?环境与资源保护法学Science oｆEｎvirｏnｍent anｄNatuｒal Rｅsｏuｒｃｅs Ｐrotection Law 国际法学（含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、）Ｉntｅｒnaｔionaｌlaw （includiｎg Inｔerｎatiｏnａl Public lａw, Intｅrnaｔiｏnal PｒivａtｅLaw a

翻译工具书(科技词典)

翻译工具书（科技词典）英语词典系列之(1)43本 │ ├─个人电脑实用英汉辞典 │ ├─俄德英汉科学学词汇 │ ├─俄英汉基础词典 │ ├─国防科学技术叙词表汉英索引 │ ├─国际工程承包常用词汇（英汉、汉英对照） │ ├─国际汉英成语大辞典部首索引（罗马拼音）注音符号索引│ ├─国际经济贸易英汉汉英双向辞典 │ ├─国际贸易电讯电传英汉汉英缩略语速查手册 │ ├─国际音标注音英汉塑料常用词汇 │ ├─大学英汉数学词汇 │ ├─常用汉英成语辞典 │ ├─当代汉英词典 │ ├─汉英·英汉经济贸易金融大词典 │ ├─汉英·英汉外贸词汇 │ ├─汉英·英汉藏学词汇 │ ├─汉英、英汉印刷词典 │ ├─汉英俄图书馆学信息学词典 │ ├─汉英分类词汇 │ ├─汉英国际经贸词典 │ ├─汉英对照西方会计财务会计 │ ├─汉英对照针灸手册 │ ├─汉英对照针灸词汇 │ ├─汉英常用中医药词汇 │ ├─汉英常用中医词汇 │ ├─汉英成语习语对应词典 │ ├─汉英成语手册

│ ├─汉英成语词典 │ ├─汉英法律词典 │ ├─汉英法律词典_1 │ ├─汉英法律词典_2 │ ├─汉英百科词汇手册 │ ├─汉英词典（修订本） │ ├─汉英财经大词典 │ ├─法英汉电子技术和信息处理词典 │ ├─电子学辞典英汉名词对照 │ ├─翻译参考资料世界民族译名手册（英汉对照） │ ├─翻译参考资料英语姓名译名手册（第二次修订本）│ ├─英汉、汉英会计用语 │ ├─英汉汽车技术词典 │ ├─英汉财经大辞典 │ ├─英汉辞海（上、中、下册） │ ├─餐旅业英汉名词汇编 │ └─高等学校教学参考书英汉固体物理学词汇英语词典系列之(2)10本 │ ├─ISO 9000国际标准术语词典 │ ├─摄影术语小辞典 │ ├─英汉·汉英进出口商品词汇大全 │ ├─英汉对照微软标准软件术语（1996版） │ ├─英汉石油大辞典地球物理勘探与测井分册 │ ├─英汉石油大辞典天然气分册 │ ├─英汉科技大词库 │ ├─英汉科技词天（上、下册） │ ├─英法西德日俄与汉语对照图书专业词汇 │ └─英语教学术语词典

气象专业英语词汇

主题词表 English Chinese 01. 大气 atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学 theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学 physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气 evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子 atmospheric mass 大气质量 air quality 大气品位 atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层 heterosphere 非均质层 homopause 均质层顶 significant level 特性层 standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层 lower atmosphere 低层大气 middle atmosphere 中层大气 upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层 tropopause 对流层顶 stratosphere 平流层 stratopause 平流层顶 mesosphere 中间层 mesopause 中间层顶 thermosphere 热层 exosphere 外[逸]层 ionosphere 电离层 magnetosphere 磁层 magnetopause 磁层顶 chemosphere 光化层 chemopause 光化层顶 ozonosphere 臭氧层 free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气 standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气） homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气 polytropic atmosphere 多元大气 scale height 大气标高 meteorological element 气象要素 air temperature 气温 wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度 dry-bulb temperature 干球温度 temperature profile 温度廓线 atmospheric pressure 气压 standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压 sea-level pressure 海平面气压 pressure gradient 气压梯度 barometric height formula 压高公式 pressure gradient force 气压梯度力 Coriolis force 科里奥利力 water vapor 水[蒸]汽 transfer of water vapor 水汽输送 water vapor profile 水汽廓线 water vapor pressure 水汽压 humidity 湿度 relative humidity 相对湿度 absolute humidity 绝对湿度 specific humidity 比湿 mixing ratio 混合比 dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气 saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式 saturation deficit 饱和差 international cloud atlas 国际云图 cloud 云 low cloud 低云 middle cloud 中云 high cloud 高云 cloud base 云底 cloud top 云顶 cloud ceiling 云幂