四级翻译

四六级段落翻译部分练习

13年12月四六级考纲关于翻译题有

两点大纲变动

1、句子翻译改为段落汉译英翻译。

2、考试范围由“校园文化、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业”改为“校园文化、社会生活、餐饮娱乐、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业、新兴学科发展、中国传统文化”，其中亮点就是新增了难度较大的文化领域。为此，针对传统文化，需要掌握以下文化语句的通用表达，必背！背下这16句，传统文化考点将一分不丢。

本文也适用于针对四六级作文考纲“民族传统”的必背考点

一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.

二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。

Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.

三、长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.

更多四六级资料请加卢秋钱 1119237474

四、Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people?s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There?s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese peo ple like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.

饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括： 1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。

其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。

五、Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body?s yin an d yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese me dicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient?s body, or adopti ng moxibustion to stimulate the patient?s acupoints so as to stimula te the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial ar ts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”

针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。

六、Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one?s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and e mphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers? ponderi ng of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.

中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。

七、Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “／”( the left-falling stroke), “＼” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).

汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。

八、Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one?s own hands, a pair of chops ticks also implies the me aning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilizatio n. 中国人使用筷

子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。

九、Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China?s unique artworks.

印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。

十、Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.

天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。 C

十一、hinese Beijing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera i s a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female).

京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。

十二、Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human being?s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one?s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Lao zi?s golden saying:The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.

道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

十三、Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.

中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。

十四、China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people?s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China?s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.

中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。

十五、Chinese Classical Garden The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mou ntains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world?s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world?s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

十六、The Four Treasures of the Study The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC---206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilizatio n, as it is.

笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛

和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。“文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。

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人口老龄化已经成为一个全球性的现象。这种现象不仅已成定局，还将随着时间的推移愈演愈烈，发展中国家尤其如此。它的社会影响广泛且表现形式多样，如若忽视，社会必将为此付出巨大代价。为了保证老年人口的可持续发展，国家、非政府组织、社区、家庭成员、特别是老年人自己，都要扮演重要的角色。

The past several years have witnessed a fact that aging population has became a global phenomenon. It's inevitable and it will become increasingly serious as time goes by，especially in developing countries. It has far-reaching impact in society and various expressions. Once ignored, it will cause great loss to our society. To ensure that the aged population develops sustainably, our country, non-government organizations, communities, family members，especially the elder themselves, ought to make concerted effort..

剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。

Paper cutting is one of China?s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 ye ars. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.

Test 1

在中国，喝茶是一种仪式（ritual），一种精致品味（refined taste）的展示。人们在饮茶的同时，也领略着(take delight in) 品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中国人最流行的打发时间的方式。过去，他们是以进有名的茶馆（teahouse）而开始一天的生活的。中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。人们到这里不仅是为了喝茶，也是为了议论当地的新闻或就政治话题进行激烈的（furious）争论。

Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined taste. While drinking tea, people also take delight in the essence of tea itself. Chatting over a pot of ea is a very popular way of pastime among Chinese. In the past, they would start the day with a visit to a well-known teahouse. Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs. People come here not just for tea, but also to discuss local news or to have furious political debates.

Test 2

旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业，现在正引起中国公众愈来愈大的注意。许多人给报纸写信，就促进中国的旅游业的发展提出了种种建议。人们的看法是，发展旅游业将有助于促进中国人民和其他国家人民的相互了解和友谊，并将有利于文化、科学、技术方面的交流。还会有助于为中国的伟大事业积累资金。

Tourism, a fast developing business over the last two decades in all parts of the world, is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese public. Many people have written to the press making suggestions for the promotion of tourism in China. It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, and facilitate exchanges in the field of culture, science and technology. Moreover, it will help accumulate funds for China?s great cause.

Test 3

奥运会是国际性的体育盛会(sporting events)，体育项目种类繁多，分为夏冬两季，均是每4年举办一次。最初有记载的奥运会于公元前776年在希腊的奥林匹亚(Olympia)举行。奥运会是最大的媒体活动之一。2000年悉尼奥运会上，有超过1.6万名播音员和新闻记者参与报道。据估计，有38亿观众通过电视收看了此届盛会。然而，奥运会的发展也是奥运会面临的一个大问题。

The Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event subdivided into summer and winter sporting events. The summer and winter games are each held every four years. The original Olympic Games were first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece. The Olympics are one of the largest media events. In Sydney in 2000 there were more than 16,000 broadcasters and journalists, and an estimated 3.8 billion viewers watched the games on television. However, the development of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face today.

Test 4

传统中国绘画是一门独特的艺术，无论是风格还是技巧都与世界其他艺术门类迥然不同。传统的日本绘画可能算是例外，但是不要忘了，它是深受中国文化影响的。中国人绘画采用毛笔蘸墨汁货颜色，灵巧地挥洒(wield)在纸上。画家用深、浅、浓、淡的点和线构成一副图画。在优秀画家的手里，毛笔和墨汁不仅是绘画的工具，也是画家艺术追求的象征。

Traditional Chinese paintings constitute a unique school of art, a school that, in style and techniques is widely different from any other art school in the world. Traditional Japanese art may be the only exception, but it has to be remembered that it has been heavily influenced by the Chinese culture. The Chinese do painting with brushes, dipping their in ink or paint and then skillfully wielding them. Painters produce on the paper pictures with lines and dots—some heavy, and some light and some deep, and some pale. In the hands of a good painter, brushes and ink are not only tools for drawing pictures, but also the symbol of his or her artistic pursuit.

Test 5

在中国，中小学教育需要花费12年的时间来完成，分为小学、初中和高中三个阶段。小学教育持续5年或6年。在初中阶段，大多数学生上3年学，极少数上4年学。几乎98%的学生在前一种学校入学。在小学和初中的9年教育属于义务教育。普通高中教育持续3年时间，在整个义务教育阶段，要求学生在每学期末参加期末考试。

In China, primary and secondary education takes 12 years to complete, divided into primary, junior secondary and senior secondary stages. Primary education lasts either five or six years. At junior secondary stage, most have three years schooling with a tiny part of four years. Almost 98 percent of students are enrolled in the former schools. The nine-year schooling in primary and junior secondary schools belongs to compulsory education. General senior secondary education lasts three years. Throughout the whole process of compulsory education, students are required to take final examinations at the end of each semester.

Test 6

在中国，大熊猫是和平的象征。大熊猫是一种濒危物种。由于它们的栖息地遭到破坏，它们的数量正在急剧下降(dwindle)。大熊猫的身体是白色的，在它的眼睛、耳朵、肩膀、胸

部、腿部和脚周围都是一些黑色斑块。这黑白相间的保护色彩可以让熊猫在雪地和岩石的环

境中伪装(camouflage)起来。大熊猫的视力非常好。它们与众不同的眼睛激发了中国人的想

象力，因此它们被称为“大熊猫”。

The panda is symbol of peace in China. Giant pandas are an endangered species and their numbers are dwindling very quickly as their habitat is destroyed. Giant pandas are white w ith black patches around the eyes, ears, shoulders, chest, legs and feet. This black-and-white coloring may camouflage pandas in the snowy and roc ky environment. Pandas have very good eyesight. These unusual eyes inspired the Chinese to call the panda the “giant cat bear”

唐朝（Tang Dynasty）被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期。唐朝的首都在长安。在与印度和中东（the Middle East）的交流中，在他们的促进下，唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。唐朝通过科举制度（civil service examinations）在全国选出优秀的儒家文人（Confucian literati）为政府效力，而唐朝的政府体系在儒学官僚（Confucian bureaucratic）的支持下也日臻完善。公元8世纪中期，唐朝势力开始衰落。

Tang Dynasty, whose capita l is Chang?an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization. Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many fields. The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art. Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic. By the middle of the eighth century A. D., the power of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.

面子是某个人在他人眼中的社会地位和名声。中国人一生都用语言和行动维护和提升面子。可以小到谁先上电梯，也可以大到百万美元的合同授予。没有面子也就没有了影响力。即使是无意中让别人没面子，也是极其严重的冒犯（dishonor），可能意味着断绝关系。中国人不会公开批评、忽视或取笑他人，即使是开玩笑。点评别人的成绩时，也是先说优点，再讲不足.

The concept of “face” can be described as someone?s social status or reputation in the eyes of others. Throughout a Chinese person?s life, he maintains and enhances his “face” with words and actions. It may be something as small as who gets into the elevator first or as big as the awarding of multimillion dollar contacts. Losing face equals/ means losing power or influence. Even to make someone lose face unintentionally is a serious dishonor and could mean the end of a relationship. Chinese people never criticize, ignore or make fun of a person in front of others, even jokingly. When discussing individual performance, they always emphasize good points before bad ones.

据最近的一项网上调查显示，55%的中国青年认为自己对生活缺乏热情，71%的人认为他们承受着巨大的压力。焦虑普遍存在于当今的中国年轻人中。名车、豪宅和优越的生活（live a privileged life）是人们追求的目标。然而，与高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用相比，他们的工资过低且增长缓慢，看不到脱离困境的希望，焦虑因此而产生。

A recent online survey found that 55 percent of young people in China thought they ware lacking enthusiasm for life, and 71 percent considered themselves under heavy pressure. Anxiety is a common phenomenon among young Chinese today. Brand-name cars, luxurious houses and living a privileged life are people?s driven goals. However, compared with the high housing prices, education expenses and medial cost s, their income is too low with slow growth and they see little hope for escaping, so anxiety occurs

二十四节气（solar terms）的划分起源于黄河流域一带（Yellow River area），是中国古代历法（calendar）特有的重要组成部分和独特创造。在古代中国，人们常用二十四节气来表示季节更替和气候变化状况。节气的制定是我们祖先在长期的农业生产实践中，逐步认识气象变化规律的结果。长期以来，甚至直到今天，二十四节气在中国的农牧业生产（agricultural and animal husbandry production）中一直起着重要的作用。

The twenty-four solar terms is a unique component and creative invention of the Chinese traditional calendar, first originating from the Yellow River area. It was used to indicate the alternation of seasons and climate changes in ancient China. The establishment of solar terms reflected our ancestors? knowledge about climate changes during their long history of farming activities. Over years, it has played an important role in China?s agricultural and animal husbandry production even to this day.

在媒介文化高度发展的今天，年轻人接触外来文化的方式越来越多。根据中国互联网信息中心（CNNIC）的统计，截止到 2004年6月30日，中国上网用户总数达到8,700万人，其中多数是年轻人。现代社会的开放性、多样性，是的年轻人不得不在西方文化的冲击中寻找自己的文化定位。实际上，现在很多年轻人在很多生活方式上已经很难分清它是来自西方还是东方

In the era of highly developed media culture, young people have more contact than ever with foreign culture. According to CNNIC statistics, by June 30, 2004, China had had 87milion Internet users, most of whom are young people. Coupled with the openness and diversity of modern society, young Chinese people now have to seek their culture orientation under the impact of Western culture. In fact, many aspects of the Western and Eastern lifestyle are so blended that many young people find it difficult to make those lifestyle distinguishable.

中西方饮食习惯（eating habits）存在极大的差异。不同于西方人那种每人一盘事物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌事物的心理准备。中国人对于自己的烹饪文化（culture of cuisine）感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客（hospitality）。而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。这是礼貌的体现。There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of food. Chinese are very

proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plat. This is a sign of politeness.

中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year?s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。

Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar N ew Year?s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake .

如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。

Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.

过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。

参考答案

In the past seven years, China?s real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.

中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year?s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。

参考答案

Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chines e lunar New Year?s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake .

北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。

In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.

Test 7

世界贸易组织成立于1995年1月1日，目的是确保一个稳定的全球和贸易经济环境。在当今世界上的190多个国家中，世界贸易组织的成员国(member country)有158个。在处理国家之间的贸易规则方面，世界贸易组织是唯一的全球性国际组织。世界组织的事务应该引起我们的关注，因为世贸组织制定的规则对我们国家的经济和国民生活都有一定的影响。

The WTO (World Trade Organization), established on January 1st, 1995, aims to ensure a stable trade and economic world environment.

The WTO is an association of 158 member countries,

of more than 190 countries in the world today. The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nation s. The business of the WTO should be of interest to us because the rules that are being decided therein have an impact on our national economy, an d people?s lives.

三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景，叙述了在这个动荡(turbulent)时期发生的一系列重大事情。整个故事情节从公元168年开始一直到公元280年领土统一(reunification)时结束。小说篇幅长达80万字，分为120个章节，共叙述了1191个人物角色，堪称中国文学史上四大经典小说之

一。

Romance of the Three Kingdoms”, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese

historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kindoms era, starting in AD 168 and endin g with the reunification of the land in AD 280. It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800,000 words, 1,191 characters, and 120 chapters.

中国以创造各种方式、方法来方便人类的生活而广为人知。在中国古代的发明中，四大发明不仅为中国的发展，还为世界经济和文化的发展，作出了巨大贡献。中国古代的四大发明分别是造纸术、印刷术、火药(gun powder)和指南针(compass)。中国古代的四大发明为世界经济和人类文化作出了重要贡献，而且这也是中国作为世界文明大国的重要象征。

China is well known for its introduction of ways and means to help ease the life of mankind.

Among the inventions of Ancient China, four emerged as great contributions to the developments

and changes not only to the country, but also to the world?s economy and culture. The Four Great

Inventions of ancient China were papermaking, commercial printing, gunpowder, and the compass. China?s four great ancient inventions made trem endous contributions to the world?s economy and the culture of mankind. They were also important symbols of China?s role as a great world civiliz ation.

中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久以前。这反映出中国人喜欢团圆，不愿分离的观念---圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都是象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放在桌子的中央，这样坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的气氛。朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭、生活。最近一位美国汉学家(Sinologist)的著作认为，中国人的集体观念(collective tradition)就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。

Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago. It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division-roun d tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them. A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union. Friends also like to eat and live together. A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together

中国的菜肴拥有许多种不同的流派，但是最具影响力并且最为公众所熟悉的就是“八大菜系”(the“Eight Categories of Chinese Cuisine”)。它们是：鲁菜、川菜、粤菜、闽菜、苏菜、浙菜、湘菜以及徽菜。确定一种流派形式的关键要素十分复杂，包括历史、烹调特征、地理、气候、资源以及生活方式。不同地区的菜肴各具特色，因此尽管有时两个地区相互毗邻，但

是它们的风格却完全不同。

Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, but the most influential and typical known by the public are the “Eight Categories of Chinese Cui sine”. These are as follows: Shandong Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine, Guangdong Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Zhejiang Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine, and Anhui Cuisine. The essential factors that

establish the form of a genre are complex and include history, cooking features, geography, climate, resources and lifestyles. Cuisines from differen t regions are so distinctive that sometimes despite the fact that two areas are geographical neighbors, their styles are completely alien.

无论中国人走到哪里，都不会改掉喝茶的习惯。茶最先由中国人发现，它是中国人生活中不可或缺的重要组成部分。有一句中国谚语将基本的日常必需品(basic daily necessities)称为柴、米、油、盐、酱、醋、茶。一千多年以来，饮茶的习俗已经在中国人心中根深蒂固(ingrained)。唐朝时，一个名叫陆羽的人写了世界上第一部关于茶的著作---《茶经》(Book of Tea)，这部书有助于在中国推广饮茶艺术。

Wherever the Chinese go, the custom of drinking tea follows. Tea was first discovered by the

Chinese and it is an indispensable part of the life of the Chinese. A Chinese saying identifies the

basic daily necessities as fuel, rice, oil, sale, soy sauce, vinegar, and tea. The custom of drinking

tea has been ingrained in the Chinese for over a thousand years. In Tang Dynasty, a man named Lu Yu created the first compendium in the world o n tea, “Book Of Tea”. This work helped to popularize the art of tea drinking all across China.

川剧(Sichuan Opera)就像四川火锅以及其他的名菜一样动人、丰富。变脸(Face Changing)是川剧中的一大亮点。据说古人在他们的脸上作画，以便赶走野生动物。川剧吸收了这一古

老的艺技并将其升华为一门艺术。变脸是一门神奇的艺术。演员在不到20秒的时间内要换

十多次脸谱。通过举手、摆袖或摇头，演员实用不同的脸谱来表现不同的情绪，并通过看得

见摸得着的脸谱表达出看不见摸不着的感情。

Sichuan Opera (Chuan Ju), like hot-pot and other famous Sichuan dishes, is exciting and rich.

Face Changing is the highlight of Sichuan Opera. It is said that ancient people painted their faces

to drive away wild animals. Sichuan Opera absorbs this ancient skill and perfects it into an art.

Face Changing is a magical art. Actors change more than 10 masks in less than 20 seconds. By

raising the hand, swinging a sleeve or tossing the head, an actor uses different masks to show

different emotions, expressing invisible and intangible feelings through visible and tangible masks.

刺绣(embroidery)是一种具有悠久传统的民间艺术，在中国艺术和手工艺品史上占有重要

地位，刺绣的长期发展离不开蚕的饲养和纺丝技术的发展。中国是世界上第一个发现和使用

丝绸的国家。早在5000年前，中国就开始饲养蚕。丝线和丝织品的生产促进了刺绣艺术的

诞生。时至今日，丝绣几乎已经传遍整个中国。最好的绣品通常被认为来源于下面四省：江

苏（尤其是苏州）、湖南、四川和广东，各省绣品各具特色。

Embroidery, a folk art with a long tradition, occupies an important position in the history of

Chinese arts and crafts. It is, in its long development, inseparable from silkworm-raising and silk-reeling and weaving. China is the first country in t he world that discovered the use of silk.

Silkworms were

domesticated as early as 5,000 years ago. The production of silk thread and fabrics gave rise to the art of embroidery. Today, silk embroidery is pra cticed nearly all over China. It is generally agreed

that the best commercial products come from four provinces: Jiangsu (notably Suzhou), Hunan, Sichuan and Guangdong, each with its distinctive f eature

澳门，南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠，以她的风采、沧桑和辉煌，更以1999年12月20日这个不同寻常的日子，吸引着全世界的目光。

自古以来，澳门就是中国的领土，中华儿女世世代代在这里繁衍生息。

早在80年代，世纪伟人邓小平就提出了"一国两制"的伟大构想。1997年7月1日，中华人民共和国恢复对香港行使主权。今年，澳门又将彻底结束外国管治，回到祖国怀抱，这是中华民族的又一件历史盛事，它标志着中国人民向着祖国统一的伟大目标又迈出了重大的步。澳门的明天一定会更好美好。

A shining pearl on the coast of South China, Macao attracts the world?s attention for her charm, history of great events and glory, especially for the unusual date of December 20, 1999.

Macao has been the territory of China ever since the ancient times. The Chinese people have been living and working there for generations.

Early in the 80s, Mr. Deng Xiaoping, one of the great figures of the century, put forward the bold concept of "One Country, Two Systems". On July 1,1997, the People?s Republic of China resumed her sovereignty over Hong Kong.

This year, Macao will completely get rid of the foreign regime and return to motherland. This is another great historical event for the Chinese people. It symbolizes another big step for the Chinese people on their way towards the great goal of the country?s reunification. Macao?s future is sure to be even brighter.

气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。

漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。

Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China. Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis.

A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai. They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.

关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。一个是唐朝的神话故事，说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中，巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳，地球才被保住。为了奖励后羿，王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药，但是王母警告他必须正当使用。然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告，他被名利冲昏了头脑，变成了一个暴君。后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观，于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药，飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥，这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。

There are two legends which claim to explain the tradition of eating mooncakes. One Tang Dynasty myth holds that the Earth once had 10 suns circling it. One day all 10 suns appeared at once, scorching the planet with their heat. It was thanks to a skillful archer named Hou Yi that the Earth was saved. He shot down all but one of the suns. As his reward, the Heavenly Queen Mother gave Hou Yi the Elixir of Immortality, but she warned him that he must use it wisely. Hou Yi ignored her advice and, corrupted by fame and fortune, became a tyrannical leader.Chang-Er, his beautiful wife, could no longer stand by and watch him abuse his power so she stole his Elixir and fled to the moon to escape his angry wrath. And thus began the legend of the beautiful woman in the moon, the Moon Fairy.

和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。

我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。

我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。

和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。

Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.

We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.

All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.

总结一年来的工作，我们清醒地看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化需要，是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。只有执政为民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。

In reviewing our work of the past year, we clearly see that many problems and difficulties remain in our economic and social development. We must always put the interests of the people first. We must truly protect the people…s economic, political and cultural rig hts and interests, pay particular attention to solving acute problems affecting their vital interests, and ensure that poor urban and rural residents have the basic necessities of life. The fundamental goal of our socialist modernization drive is to continually meet the growing material and cultural needs of the people. Only if we exercise power for the good of the people can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for accomplishing all our undertakings.

如果说我确实有所成就的话，那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。遇到挫折时，你可以暂时把问题放一放，一味纠结不仅无济于事，有时反倒使情况更糟。先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番；再回头看待问题，你或许会感到柳暗花明。这样做后，别忘了多加反省：“为什么这个方法会奏效？下次能不能做得更好呢？”看你定的是什么目标，这种方法可以被反复有效应用。如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己，最后成功肯定非你莫属。孜孜不倦向来无敌。

The only reason I?ve managed to accomplish anything is because I am a firm believer in continuous imp rovement. If you fail in something, distance from the event for a day or two, because agonizing over the problem will not make it go away (and will make it a lot worse). Read a good book, catch up with some friends you haven?t seen in a long time, or go on a nature hike. You will be able to look at the issue with a fresh perspective.After you have done that, ask yourself: “Why did this work out and how can I do better next time?” This process very well could repeat itself several times depending on the nature of your goal, but if you keep making a firm commitment to continuously improve yourself, you will develop so much that the only option left is success. Consistent hustle always wins.

近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。

亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。

In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people.

The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform and innovation. Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.

在我的生活里，我也尝试过很多次试着放手。铭记痛苦和非议不能改变什么，指责和非难无济于事，他们会让你被生活所困。然而，富有同情心是一种释放。会让你和感受到你同情心的人得到精神上的洗礼。当你对一切都富有同情心时，你会发挥自己最大潜力。你也会在生活中觉得自己有无限的正能量。

I'm learning to do that a lot in this life, to let go.

It doesn't help to hang on to the hurt or judgment. It doesn't work to blame or criticize. Those approaches only serve to keep you stuck.

But compassion is freeing. It uplifts both you and the person you are sharing it with.

When you act with compassion, you are living from your highest potential and connecting with your greatest self.

The more you can do that, the better you'll feel in this life.

四六级翻译部分词汇

翻译部分练习

翻译部分由原来的单句汉译英"换装"为段落汉译英，四级翻译段落有140-160个汉字，六级有180-200个汉字。翻译长度的增加无疑给广大考生增加了一定难度，但翻译考点与之前的考点基本是一致的，所以广大考生可以稍安勿躁。

考生如何在强化阶段复习翻译，又如何在考试中夺取高分呢？课程名师认为：词汇和长难句是攻克翻译这座大山的不二法宝。

关注特殊词汇，学习日常生活词语

段落翻译的重点依然是词汇，特别是较为特殊的翻译类词汇，通过样卷分析，建议考生多关注一下和中国节日、历史事件、经济文化、旅游活动、社会发展等相关的词汇。大家可以关注以反映中国社会为主的一些英文杂志和报纸，例如中国日报及其网站。这份报纸的大部分内容确实超越了考生的实际水平，但考生可以学习一些涉及日常生活的词语。每天看看网站中的头条新闻，配合中文新闻的背景，就可以学到很多表达。中国日报网站下面的一个小栏目：language tips，有大量简单实用的双语文章，考生有时间可关注。同时，考生要购进一些难度不大的翻译书籍，注意中英文的切换规则。

经济

总需求 aggregate demand

总供给 aggregate supply

企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture

企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image

跨国公司 cross-national corporation

创业精神 enterprise, enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit ，

外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise Z中外合资企业 joint venture

猎头公司head-hunter

假日经济 holiday economy

人力资本human capital

航空和航天工业aerospace industry

飞机制造工业aircraft industry

电子工业 electronic industry

汽车制造工业 car industry

娱乐业 entertainment industry

信息产业 information industry

知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry

国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises

轻工业 light industry

博彩业 lottery industry

制造业 manufacturing industry

垄断行业 monopoly industries

市场多元化 market diversification

市场经济 market economy

市场监管 market supervision

购买力 purchasing power

熊市 bear market

牛市 bull market

城镇化 urbanization

房地产 real estate

首付 down-payment

业主 home owner

个人购房贷款 individual housing loan

经济全球化 economic globalization

经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ)

经济增长 economic growth

泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff

纳税人tax payer

宏观经济macro economy

货币投放量 the size of money supply

流动性过剩excess liquidity

经济过热 overheated economy

通货膨胀inflation

抑制通货膨胀curb inflation

注入流动性 to inject liquidity

贴现率 discount rate

存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)

公开市场业务 open market operation (OMO)

逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo

引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy

微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy

硬着陆 hard landing

软着陆 soft landing

二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O)

财政部长 Finance Minister

全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year

经济活力 economic vitality

大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package

结构改革 structural reform

硬资产 hard assets

软资产 soft assets

有形资产 tangible assets

经济走廊 economic corridor

整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order

反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly

定价浮动 price fluctuations

谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit

债务审计audit of debt

地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability

公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system 债务管理 debt management

信用支持 credit support

社会

多元文化论 cultural pluralism

文化适应 acculturation

社会保障 social security

班车 shuttle bus

相定迁户 a relocated unit or household

大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age

独生子女 the only child in a family

单亲 single parent

福利彩票 welfare lotteries

家政服务 household management service

民工 migrant laborers

名人 celebrity

农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers

青春期 puberty

全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign

全国人口普查 nationwide census

社会保险 social insurance

暂住证 temporary residence permit/card

青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency

性骚扰 sexual harassment

走私 smuggling

*性另歧视 gender/sexual discrimination

年龄歧视 age discrimination

工作歧视 job discrimination

享乐主义hedonism

文盲 illiteracy

贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor

盗版 pirated/illegal copies

一国两制 One Country, Two Systems

三个代表 the Three Represents Theory

两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)

南南合作 South-South Cooperation

南北对话 North-South Dialog

人大常委会People’s Congress Standing Committee

法制观念 awareness of law

法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system

改革开放 reform and opening-up

公务员 civil servants

官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work

和谐并存 harmonious coexistence

计划生育 family planning

计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning 4青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会 neighborhood committee

科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展 sustainable development

廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency

两岸关系 cross-straits relations

两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations

领土完整 territorial integrity

民族精神 national spirit

普选制 general election system

求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences

人大代表NPC member

物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization

小康社会 a well-off society

小康水平 a well-off standard

一个中国原则 the one-China principle

与时俱进 keep pace with the times

综合国力 overall national strength

共同愿望common desire

“走出去”（战略）going global

不结盟 non-alignment

单边主义 unilateralism

多边政策 multilateralism

多极世界 multipolar world

人口老龄化 aging of population

人口出生率birth rate

社区月服务 community service

道德法庭 court of ethics

盗用公款embezzlement

成人夜校 night school for adults

在职进修班 on-job training courses

政治思想教育 political and ideological education

毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate

充电update one’s knowled ge

初等教育 elementary education

大学城 college town

大学社区 college community

高等教育 higher education

高等教育“211工程” the “211 Project” for higher education

高等学府 institution of higher education

综合性大学 comprehensive university

文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts

理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering

师范学院teachers’ college; normal college

高分低能 high scores and low abilities

高考(university/college) entrance examination

高校扩招 the college expansion plan

教育界 education circle

教育投入 input in education

九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education

考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools

课外活动 extracurricular activities

必修课 required/compulsory course

选修课 elective/optional course

基础课 basic courses

专业课 specialized courses

课程表 school schedule

教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus

学习年限 period of schooling

学历 record of formal schooling

学分 credit

启发式教学 heuristic teaching

人才交流 talent exchange

人才战 competition for talented people

商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC)

适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age

升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate 历史文化

京剧 Peking opera

秦腔 Qin opera

功夫Kungfo

太极Tai Chi

口技 ventriloquism

木偶戏puppet show

皮影戏 shadow play

折子戏 opera highlights

杂技 acrobatics

相声 witty dialogue comedy

刺绣 embroidery

苏绣 Suzhou embroidery

泥人 clay figure

书法 calligraphy

中国画 traditional Chinese painting

水墨画 Chinese brush painting

中国结 Chinese knot

中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China

火药 gunpowder

印刷术printing

造纸术 paper-making

指南针 the compass

青铜器 bronze ware

瓷器 porcelain; china

唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

景泰蓝cloisonné

秋千swing

武术 martial arts

儒家思想Confucianism

儒家文化 Confucian culture

道教 Taoism

墨家Mohism

法家 Legalism

佛教 Buddhism

孔子 Confucius

孟子 Mencius

老子 Lao Tzu

庄子 Chuang Tzu

墨子 Mo Tzu

孙子Sun Tzu

象形文字 pictographic characters

文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone) 《大学》The Great Learning

《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

《论语》The Analects of Confucius

《孟子》The Mencius

《孙子兵法》The Art of War

《三国演义》Three Kingdoms

《西游爷己》Journey to the West

《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions

《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes

《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers

《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror

《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records

《诗经》The Book of Songs

《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes 《礼记》The Book of Rites

《三字经》Three-character Scriptures

八股文 eight-part essay

五言绝句 five-character quatrain

七言律诗 seven-character octave

旗袍 cheongsam

中山装 Chinese tunic suit

唐装 Tang suit

风水 Fengshui; geomantic omen

阳历 Solar calendar

阴历 Lunar calendar

闰年 leap year

十二生肖zodiac

春节 the Spring Festival

元宵节 the Lantern Festival

清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day

端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival

中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day

重阳节 the Double-ninth Day

七夕节 the Double-seventh Day

春联 spring couplets

庙会 temple fair

爆竹 firecracker

年画（traditional) New Year pictures

压岁钱 New Year gift-money

舞龙dragon dance

元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings

花灯 festival lantern

灯谜 lantern riddle

舞狮 lion dance

踩高跷 stilt walking

赛龙舟 dragon boat race

胡同hutong

山东菜 Shandong cuisine

川菜 Sichuan cuisine

粤菜 Canton cuisine

扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine

月饼 moon cake

年糕 rice cake

油条 deep-fried dough sticks

豆浆 soybean milk

馒头 steamed buns

花卷 steamed twisted rolls

包子 steamed stuffed buns

北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck

拉面 hand-stretched noodles

馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup)

豆腐 tofu? bean curd

麻花 fried dough twist

烧饼 clay oven rolls

皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg

蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg

糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks

火锅hot pot

长城 the Great Wall of China

烽火台 beacon tower

秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses

大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda

丝绸之路the Silk Road

敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes

华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs

五台山"Wutai Mountain

九华山 Jiuhua Mountain

蛾眉山Mount Emei

泰山 Mount Tai

黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain

故宫 the Imperial Palace

天坛 the Temple of Heaven

午门 Meridian Gate

大运河 Grand Canal

护城河the Moat

回音壁Echo Wall

居庸关 Juyongguan Pass

九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall

黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi

十三陵 the Ming Tombs

苏州园林 Suzhou gardens

西湖 West Lake

九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley

日月潭 Sun Moon Lake

布达拉宫Potala Palace

鼓楼 drum tower

大学英语四级翻译(全)

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四级翻译样题解析

翻译大纲样题： 中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。Chinese New Year, known as Spring Festival in China, is the most important one among all traditional Chinese festival.新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始 一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。New Year celebrations start on Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month in Chinese lunar calendar, and last to the Lantern Festival, the 15th day of the first month (of the next year).各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from

place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.为驱厄运、迎 好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们 还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets)，对联的主题为健康、发财 和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红 包和探访亲友等。People also stick the red couplets on the door which topics are health, wealth, and fortune, and do other activities such as setting off firework, sending red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends. 首先，这段关于中国春节的小文章 难词较多，比如“传统”、“庆祝活动”、“除夕”、“延续”、“习俗”、“年夜饭”、“厄运”、“大扫除”“主题”、“放鞭炮”、“发红包”等等， 这些词有的比较抽象，有的不太常见， 或者有的是中国特有的说法，英文中没

历年英语四级翻译真题及答案

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历年英语四级翻译真题与答案

2013年12月： 段落翻译： 试卷一：中餐 【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern. 试卷三：茶文化 【真题原文】"你要茶还是咖啡？"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清（the qing dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料（beverage）之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 【翻译答案】"Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四：中国结

英语四级翻译段落

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英语四级翻译三大显著特点分析

英语四级翻译三大显著特点分析 改革后的四六级翻译，让人吐槽叫人无奈，考生很多单词不会写, 但也不能空着, 到后面就自己创造单词，那么如何备战英语四六级翻译，"大换血"后的翻译又具有哪些特点呢? 首先、翻译内容多为中国文化传统。比如13年12月真题中就出现：中国结、手工 艺人、团聚、祈求好运、辟邪、帝王、瑰宝、中国园林、园林景观、皇室成员、微缩景观、假山、山水画卷、造纸、火药、福、和、指南针、印刷术、瓷器等等，看似很难很难无从下手，但其实只有：中国结、帝王、中国园林、造纸、火药、福、和、指南针、印刷术、瓷器这些的翻译比较固定，而其他的词或短语则可以灵活地变通。比如"皇室成员" 不是只有the royal family这样高大上的翻译，也可以译为：the emperor's family, 或者the king's family。当然要想灵活自如，备战过程中背诵积累是必不可缺的。 其次、四六级翻译的特点在于重复性。因为是介绍性的文章，而且内容关于中国传统 文化，一些表达不可避免的会反复出现，比如："在古代，人们用它来······，但现在主要 是用于装饰的目的"、"在中文里意味着爱情丶婚姻和团聚"、"······常常作为礼物交换或作用饰品祈求好运和辟邪"、"······在中国各地差别很大"、"相传，中国的······于五千年前发现了······，在明清期间，遍布全国，在六世纪传到······"。这些句子具有重复出现的特点，介绍中国各种传统习俗都频繁用到。所以我们可以把这些表达的英文变成模板句子进行背诵。 最后，英译中灵活性很大，小说诗歌等翻译也很灵活。但是四六级考的是中译英，特 别是介绍性文章，有它固定的技巧，比如切分句子，添加主语，主语为"我们\人们"直接变 被动，定语的三类翻译方法，四六级翻译不求"雅"，抓住这些基本的技巧，做到"信" 和"达"是可以笑傲考场。

历年英语四级翻译真题及答案

历年英语四级翻译真题 及答案 集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]

历年英语四级翻译真题及答案2012年6月翻译真题 87. Those flowers looked as if they __ ___________________________(好长时间没有浇水了). 88. Fred bought a car last week. It is __________________________(比我的车便宜一千英镑). 89. This TV program is quite boring. We might ______________________(不妨听听音乐). 90. He left his office in a hurry, with___________________________(灯亮着门开着). 91. The famous novel is said to _____________________(已经被翻译成多种语言). 2011年12月翻译真题 87. Charity groups organized various activities to ___________________________________(为地震幸存者筹款). 88. Linda __________________________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件) otherwise, she would have replied. 89. It’s my mother _____________________________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my studies.

大学英语四级真题-翻译

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英语四级翻译真题及答案

Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 1. 虚拟语气 ?(CET4-2006.12) The victim might have had a chance to survive / would have survived (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. ?(CET4-2009.06) If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain (就不会被大雨淋了). ?(CET4-2009.12) You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions (按照我的指令去做). ?(CET4-2010.06) It is suggested that the air-conditioner (should) be installed by the window (要安装在窗户旁). ?(CET4-2010.12) There would be no life on earth but for / without its unique environment (没有地球独特的环境). ?(CET4-2010.12) They requested that books I borrowed (should) be returned to the library (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. ?(CET4-2011.06) Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she could be assigned (to) another job (能被分配做另一项工作). ?(CET4-2012.06) Those flowers looked as if they had not been watered for a long time (好长时间没有浇水了). ?(CET4-2012.12) We could have avoided making this silly mistake (本来可以避免犯这个愚蠢的错误), but we didn’t follow his advice. ?(CET4-2012.12) Yesterday Jane left the meeting early. Otherwise, she could have said something she would regret later (可能会说一些后来会懊悔的话). ?(CET4-2012.12) If the reaction were to take place, a tremendous amount of energy would be released (巨大的能量就会被释放出来). ?(CET6-2010.06) Most educators advise that kids (should) not be addicted to / obsessed with computer games (不要沉溺于电脑游戏). ?(CET6-2011.12) You shouldn't have run across the road without looking. You would have been knocked down by a car (也许会被车撞倒的). ?(CET6-2012.06) But for the survival instinct which nearly all creatures have, more species would have been extinct from the earth (更多的物种就可能已经在地球上灭绝了). ?(CET6-2012.12) Without the atmosphere, we would be forced to look for the shelter which helps us hide from the sun (将被迫寻找躲避太阳的藏身处), as there would be nothing to protect us from its deadly rays. ?(CET6-2012.12) If only they were here right now (他们要是此刻在这儿就好了), we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary. 2. 倒装结构 ?(CET4-2008.06) Not until he had finished the mission (直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill. ?(CET4-2010.06) The manager never laughed; neither did she lose her temper before (她也从来没有发过脾气). ?(CET4-2011.06) The university authorities did not approve the regulation, nor did they give any reason / make any explanation (也没有解释为什么). ?(CET4-2012.12) I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never before in my life had I felt so excited (我感到如此激动)! ?(CET4-2012.12) Hardly had John finished his introductory remark when he was interrupted by the audience (他就被听众打断了). ?(CET4-2012.12) Only when you have passed the tests required can you apply for a driver’s license (你才能申请驾驶执照). ?(CET6-2009.12) Much regretted as I felt (我感到遗憾), I was unable to finish the work on time. ?(CET6-2010.06) Never has their only son thought (他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties. ?(CET6-2010.06) He assured his friend that under no circumstances would he break his promise / commitment to repay / pay back the money (他会违背还钱的承诺). ?(CET6-2010.12) Only when I reached my thirties did I realize that reading can not be neglected / is unignorable (我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).

历年大学英语四级翻译题汇总

1. You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions/orders.(按照我的指令去做) 2. Despite the hardship he encountered Mark never gave up the pursuit of knowledge.( gave up pursueing knowledge(放弃对知识的追求) 3. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before we find the cure for cancer.(我们找到治愈癌症的方法) 4. Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the consumers’ growing demands.(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步) 5. The more exercise you take ,the less likely you catch a cold.(你越不 大可能得感冒) 6. Soon after he transferred to the new school ,Ali found that he had much difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates.(很难跟上班里的同学) 7. If she had returned an hour earlier ,Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain.(就不会被大雨淋了) 8. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put on weight.(更有可能增加体重) 9. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is closely related to the lack of (physical) exercise .(与缺乏锻炼密切相关) 10. What many people didn’t realize is that Simon is a lover of sports ,and football in particular.(很多人没有意识到的) 11. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that they haven’t found answers today.(他们至今还没有找到答案) 12. What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.(大多数父母所关心的) 13. You’d better take a sweater which you in case it turns cold.(in case of temperature drop以防天气变冷) 14. Throught the project,many people have received training and decided to start their own business(决定自己创业) 15. The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor.(直到一名医生偶然发现了它) 16. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research could be applied to the development of the new technology.(能应用于新技术的开发)

四级翻译

关于大学英语四、六级考试题型调整的说明 自2013年12月考次起，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会将对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整。调整后，四级和六级的试卷结构和测试题型相同。 一、试卷描述

四级和六级的试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试时间如下表所示：

二、新题型说明 1. 单词及词组听写 原复合式听写调整为单词及词组听写，短文长度及难度不变。要求考生在听懂短文的基础上，用所听到的原文填写空缺的单词或词组，共10题。短文播放三遍。 2. 长篇阅读 原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。 3. 翻译 原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。 三、成绩报道

成绩报道分为总分和单项分。单项分包括：1）听力，2）阅读，3）翻译和写作。 全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会 2013年8月14日 段落翻译： 分值比例：15% 考试时间：30分钟。 内容：中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展 长度：140-160个汉字

Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chines e into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。and is often given to foreign friends as a gift. Paper cutting is one of the most popular traditional folk arts of China. Chinese paper cutting has a history of 1500 years. It is particularly widespread in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often

英语四级小翻译

2012级学生课堂翻译材料汇总（2014.3—2014.7） 段落翻译1 越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。//中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。//这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。//曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。//现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。 参考译文 An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. //China’s rise has fully awakene d their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West.// They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. //At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. //Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage. 解析 本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。总体难度一般，以句号结束的句子即可作为一个意群，考生基本不用自行判断、划分。文中的长句可使用中国考生特别熟悉的从句进行翻译，如第一句的“已经认识到……的同时，也通晓中文的重要性”，就可以用从属连词while 连接，第一段的最后一句“掌握双语的好处……”由which引导的定语从句也可迎刃而解。当然，要翻译好本段，选词很重要。如第一句中“越来越多的华人父母认识到……”，如果你和大多数人一样，翻译成“more and more parents…”就显得很普通，而“an increasing number of…”则地道很多；又如第一段最后一句“既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。”例文用了“enhance”和“facilitate”两个词，富于变化；文中许多考生容易使用副词的地方，译者都巧妙地运用形容词来替代，如将“积极支持”译为“give full support to”，将“不时走访”译为“make occasional visits”，读来原汁原味，彰显了译者扎实的翻译功底。 段落翻译2 北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。//平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。//北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。//通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。//所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。//如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。//但愿胡同可以保留下来。 参考译文

四级翻译词汇汇总

如何在强化阶段复习翻译，又如何在考试中夺取高分呢？我们认为：词汇和长难句是攻克翻译这座大山的不二法宝。 关注特殊词汇，学习日常生活词语 段落翻译的重点依然是词汇，特别是较为特殊的翻译类词汇，通过样卷分析，建议考生多关注一下和中国节日、历史事件、经济文化、旅游活动、社会发展等相关的词汇。大家可以关注以反映中国社会为主的一些英文杂志和报纸，例如中国日报及其网站。这份报纸的大部分内容确实超越了考生的实际水平，但考生可以学习一些涉及日常生活的词语。每天看看网站中的头条新闻，配合中文新闻的背景，就可以学到很多表达。中国日报网站下面的一个小栏目：language tips，有大量简单实用的双语文章，考生有时间可关注。同时，考生要购进一些难度不大的翻译书籍，注意中英文的切换规则。 写长难句可增加得分点 段落翻译的另一难点就是长难句的攻克，平时加大对长难句的分析，考试中才能写出精彩得分的句型。分析从句比较多的长难句，要找到句子的切分点，切分点主要有两种，一个是直接看到的，即连接词that、which、who、when等等；另外一个是潜在的，即各种动词形式，包括doing、to do(单独使用的)、done等等。 最后，注意做翻译一定要坚持两点，即打草稿和"写"。在头脑中形成的翻译不是翻译，落到纸上，仍然不一定是通顺的句子，所以，每次在做翻译时，一定要坚持把语言写出来，这样才能提

高语言组织能力。同时，长难句的翻译不是一气呵成的，要练习如何打草稿，保证不会因直接誊写出现涂改问题，通过平时的草稿练习，也锻炼下打草稿的清晰程度，避免在誊写时丢掉一些东西。 一、中国经济 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned